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Ritesh Bhusari
 F T ra n sf o F T ra n sf o
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ABSTRACT

The fact that you pick up this paper shows that there is something common among all! If
you have your own a two wheeler; if you are spending more money in your petrol; if you
feel drive in a polluted environment and if you are futuristic and so the paper is designated
with you in mind.

This paper is a paper put together to show that responsibility to create awareness
among the people about the importance of vehicle trends and show them what lies ahead.
No doubt, indeed this field of advance vehicle technology is poised for steady growth in
decades to come and could definitely be considered as the current hot spot.
For industry in India to meet global challenges. This can be achieved only by the
engineers with the help of their innovations and creations.

We hereby present “BIKE OF THE FUTURE-THE PNEUMATIC BIKE “ and

proceed with sense of awakening ideas on “ECO FRIENDLY VEHICLES” believing that
only we engineers can bring such an optimizing product in the world, so get ready to
“Charge your future with today’s energy”

INTRODUCTION
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Everyone has dream but only few have the will, power, determination, and goal to fulfill the
dream and so are we. The paper is new horizon between us and you where bring our dreams
into thoughts and thoughts into reality.

We proudly present “BIKE OF THE FUTURE-PNEUMATIC BIKE” before you.

This is a vehicle section where, the conventional I.C. power engines are replaced by fluid
power. The power system in the vehicle is not by combustion of fuel but by means of
pressurized fluid power (air). To put in a nut shell it runs on air instead of petrol and
making it to be non petrol vehicle. Yes, it may seem to be an impossible or mammoth task
or it can be even beyond your view of your imagination but never mind, we reveal the
feasibility and the practical aspects of vehicles in the following of this paper.

BIKE OF FUTURE

Now a days the two wheelers play an important role in creating a polluted
environment. The vehicle is so designed to produce a zero pollution vehicle. The vehicle is
made to run by means of air. This is pneumatic bike.

OBJECTIVE

1. To replace the conventional two wheeler power source by fluid power source.
2. To meet environment pollution and regulation act.
3. To save the economy of the nation and as well as every individual.
4. To bring zero pollution factor.

WORKING METHODOLOGY

The principle of generation of power in a two wheeler is by means of fluid power

and there by replacing the power system of conventional I C engine. This is achieved by the
continuous reciprocation of pneumatic cylinder where its rod ends are dotted with a
mechanism (i.e.) linked to the crank of an I C engine. The linear reciprocation of cylinder is
converted into a rotary motion.

WORKING

The vehicle runs on the power produced by the air. The fluid hitch is the main
source of supply is sent in the pressurized form. The fluid is compressed in the rated
pressure to the rated pressure for the desired power.
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TORQU
MOTOR CHAIN
DRIVE E
SENSOR

BATTERY

AIR PRESSURE SPEED IC CRANK

FILTER BOOSTER CONTROLLE ROD
MOTOR R

COMPRESSOR
ECU
PNEUMATIC QUICK
PRESSU CYLINDER EXHAUST
RE VALVE
RELIEF
VALVE

DIRECTION MUFFLER
CONTROL
DRAIN VALVE

ATM

Fig -1 Basic set up

COMPRESSOR
The compressor used is an air compressor. The compressor has a motor whose
supply is fed from a researchable battery. The compressor increases the pressure of gas by
reducing the volume of gas as described by the perfect gas laws. The compressor air is
piped to each circuit through a filter regulator lubricator (FRL) unit.

ELECTRIC MOTOR
Electric motor is a rotary actuator which is used initially to drive the vehicle to
overcome the initial torque required to drive the vehicle with load. It can provide initially up
to 4000rpm and the torque can be varied from 1000-10000lb.
Once the vehicle gains the initial momentum and the running torque and a stipulated speed
say (20 km/hr), the power system is switched over to the pneumatic system from the
electrical. This is achieved by simple relay operation.

NC& NO RELAY (NORMALLY CLOSED AND OPENED RELAY)

The NC-1 relays which feeds the signal from the torque sensor whose signal is of the
analog from and therefore NC-1 becomes NO-1 i.e. no longer motor is used to drive the
system. Similarly, signal from the other end from the same sensor is fed to NO-2 there by
making NO-2 as NC-2. Therefore the relay operation acts as a bridge for switching the
power system.
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TORQUE SENSOR
Torque sensor is a transducer which converts the torque acting on the wheel into
analog signal. The signal is then send to the relays and thereby playing an immigrant part in
switching over the power from motor to cylinder. The cylinders which now start
reciprocating become the drive source.

PNEUMATIC CYLINDER
Pneumatic cylinder is made to reciprocating continuously by means of reed
switches (sensor). The sensor picks up the pressure caused by the cylinder during extension
and retraction. The signal from the sensor is fed to solenoid valve which subsequently shifts
the ports based on the side the signal is fed to the valve. The reed switches are of high
precision and resolution thereby giving approximately 450 strokes/min. The pneumatic
cylinder is prime actuator once the power system transfers to pneumatic system.

4 6
1
2 3
5
8
7

9 9

Fig – 2 working of pneumatic system

INDEX OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

PART NO PART NAME

1 4/3 SOLENOID
2,3 SOLENOID
4 CYLINDER
5 PISTON
6,7 REED SWITCHES
8 CONNECTING ROD
9 CRANK SHAFT
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SPEED AND BRAKING

Speed is regulated by means of metering valve which meters the flow of the air
inside the cylinder. The valve can be used to regulate the flow to increase and as well as
decrease. The regulation would give the speed variation or the vehicle.
Braking is achieved to stop the vehicle at the instantaneous hindrances. This is achieved by
metering the valve which completely stops the air flow. Note once the torque increase the
motor is employed so in order to stop this, the hand brake is applied which act as switch
between the supply and the motor, eventually cutting of the supply.

MECHANISMS
The design mechanism is the key part in achieving it. The arrangement is in such a
way that linear motion of the pneumatic cylinder is converted into rotary motion by
connecting the rod end of the cylinder to the crank of IC engine. The entire head of the IC
engine is dismantled and only the crank rod is taken along with the chain sprocate. When
the cylinder id connected to, it would give a driving force due the pressure at which air is
sent.
This is an effort to substitute and optimize the conventional design of the vehicle to
simple and lighter construction. The designed vehicle has maximum speed of only 45 km/hr
due various constraints. The vehicle is so designed that the initial dead weight of it is
reduced. This is done in order to achieve the rated speed. The optimal design ids achieved
by considering the various design parameters.

Fig-3 deign of engine

DESIGN PARAMETERS:
The various parameters that reveal utmost possibilities of making of the pneumatic
bike are as follows:-

1.piston diameter
The piston dia d=25mm

2.flow
The flow required from the compressor to the system is Q=0.25 L/s
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3.power
The power delivered from the cylinder to drive the system once the initials torque is
overcome 0.89 HP~1 HP (for pressure of 20bars only).
4.torque
The torque is the essential parameter. The calculated torque is given by
T= 3.15 N-m after initial torque is overcome
T= 3.15 KN-m initial torque is overcome by the motor.
5.speed
The speed regulation is achieved by metering valve. The wheel rpm is made
proportion to engine rpm. The max speed is about 51km/hr approximately.
Thus looking into the design parameter s these indicate the utmost possibilities of
research. Making of the pneumatic bike, but preceded by certain constraints. These
constraints can be eliminated on further research. Despite of these small constraints,
there salient features clearly overcome them.

SALIENT FEATURES
The paper itself is a vision of a dream in achieving the bike of tomorrow with
various salient features:
(a) Pollution free vehicle.
(b) To save economy of individual and as well as nation.
(c) Non – inflammable.
(d) Provide safety from explosion.
(e) Light in construction.
(f) Dynamic braking.
(g) Reverse rotation capability may be possible.
(h) Exhaust air is sent back to atmosphere.

CONCLUSION
We hope this paper gives a vision of what extant we engineers can value to this
nation. It is true say that our future is ahead of every one’s horizon because only we can turn
the mission impossible into possible.
With the advancement in this field future of tomorrow is not only in its trend, but it
is much dependent on how we engineers conceptualize and visualize the. It is very evident
although the technology has brought the THE WORLD TOGETHER but it is us who can
bring THE WORLD CLOSER and there by initiating a technological revolution and SO DO
WE.

REFERENCES:

Ø www.twowheelers.com
Ø www.automobliles.com/pneu-engine.htm
Ø www.ourworld.compuserve/v-4engines.htm
Ø http://www.menet.umn.edu/~haich/engine/intro.html
Ø http://www.billzilla.org/engother.htm
Ø http://www.vok.lth.se/CE/research/HCCI/i_HCCI_uk.html
Ø www.sympatico.com