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Grammar Review
Present Simple and Present Continuous

1. Choose the correct answer.
Past Simple and Past Continuous

4. rite sentences using the words below. Use W the Past Simple or Past Continuous.
1. m angry with William. I am not talking / I dont talk to him. 2. Listen! My sister is singing / sings in the shower. 3. This cheese tastes / is tasting strange. 4. Are you thinking / Do you think Ann is pretty? 5. Laura is walking / walks to school every day.
2. omplete the sentences with the correct C form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.
1. our brother / watch TV / when / you / get home / ? y
Was your brother watching TV when you got home?

2. ou / finish / the / English homework / yesterday / ? y
Did you finish the English homework yesterday?

3. I / not eat sushi / when / I / in Japan / last year / .
I didnt eat sushi when I was in Japan last year.

4. ast year / Susie / work / in a shop / while / study / . l
1. The sun
sets
(set) in the west.
2. lease dont disturb me. I P (study). 3. still I
am studying
Last year, Susie was working in a shop while she was studying.

5. omplete the e-mail with the correct form of C the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Past Continuous.
4. (go) to the cinema on Friday nights?
dont know (not know) the answer. Do go you always having does
(weigh)? (have) a picnic next this parcel
are 5. e W Sunday.
6. ow much H
Rob@gmail.com
weigh
Dear Rob, Youre lucky that you missed the 80s tribute bands began concert last night. It 1. (begin) 2. refused badly. The organisers (refuse) to open the doors to the arena early, even though it 3. was snowing (snow) heavily. Then, when let they finally 4. (let) people in, 5. went nearly everyone (go) to the coffee kiosks to buy a hot drink, but guess what? The espresso machines 6. werent working didnt get (not work). Things 7. (not get) better during the concert. All of the bands 8. sounded (sound) terrible because there was something wrong with the sound system. And while the last band 9. was playing (play), the 10. went out lights suddenly (go out). Too bad I spent so much money on a ticket! See you on Friday, Gina.
3. omplete the school newsletter page with C the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.
Coming Soon ont forget! Our school 1. is participating D (participate) in the annual Community Action Day on 23rd September. Sign up now to volunteer! ark your calendar: The Film Club M 2. meets (meet) every Monday at 8 pm. Next week, they 3. are showing stars (show) Up in the Air. It 4. (star) George Clooney.
5. Do want you (want) to learn how to cook? Next Friday afternoon, the chef is offering from Angies Restaurant 6. (offer) a free basic cookery lesson to all interested students. Contact Mona in the office for details.

Viewpoints 2 Workbook B Burlington Books
Grammar Review
Present Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Simple

6. ewrite the sentences using the words in R brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Past Perfect Simple. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
Present Perfect Simple and Past Simple

8. omplete the sentences with a time expression C below.
in 2004 already yesterday just never then yet 1. A: ondons one of my favourite cities. What do L you think of it? B: I dont know. Ive B: No, thanks. Ive
1. herry doesnt know how to ride a bicycle. (never) S
Sherry has never ridden a bicycle (before). I have known Dan for three years.
2. I didnt know Dan until three years ago. (for) 3. ane finished her work. Then she went to the J cinema. (after)
never
been there.
2. A: Do you want to borrow this book?
already read it twice.
4. met Robs new girlfriend for the first time last I night. (before) 5. didnt see Anne at the school picnic. She left I before I arrived. (by the time)
3. A: Are you having a driving lesson later today? Jane went to the cinema after she had finished her work. / After Jane had finished B: No, I had one yesterday . her work, she went to the cinema. 4. A: Have you already been to the library? B: o. I met Jane for breakfast, and N we went to the shopping centre. B: e got him W puppy.
I had never met Robs new girlfriend before last night. / Before last night, I had never met Robs new girlfriend. By the time I arrived at the school picnic, Anne had left. / Anne had left by the time I arrived at the school picnic.
then
5. A: How long have you had your dog?
in 2004 , when he was a
7. omplete the passage with the correct form of C the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple, Past Perfect Simple or Past Simple.
6. A: Is Lisa coming to visit this weekend? B: Im not sure. She hasnt decided
yet
During the past decade, the increasing presence of has led mobile phones 1. (lead) to a rise in public discussion related to their use. In recent years, have done (do) studies on researchers 2. their possible health effects. And lately, many places 3. have made (make) it illegal to hold a phone while driving. But for many people, the biggest problem of mobiles is rude behaviour including loud, personal conversations, and the use of phones in cinemas and restaurants. Some people are starting to fight this. During a play in New York in September 2009, the plays two stars, Daniel Craig and Hugh Jackman, 4. shouted (shout) at a man in the audience rang when his mobile phone not only 5. 6. didnt silence (ring) several times, but he (not silence) it. And Amy Alkon, an American writer, called once 7. (call) a man to complain 8. had forced (forced) her to listen that he to his loud conversation earlier that day in a caf. How 9. did get she (get) his phone number? He said it loudly during his phone call, wrote and Ms Alkon simply 10. (write) it down.
7. A: omeone delivered this parcel for you a few S minutes ago. Hurry up open it!
just B: ait a minute. Ive W walked through the door. I want a cup of coffee first!
9. omplete the passage with the correct form of C the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple.
Have you heard (hear) of the Klingon language? It is a language featured in many of the Star Trek films. Marc Okrand, an American linguist, 2. invented (invent) Klingon in the early
1.
1980s. The complex language was an immediate hit with Star Trek fans. Since then, they 3. have bought (buy) over a quarter of a million copies of the Klingon wrote dictionary that Okrand 4. (write). 5. have established In addition, they (establish) Klingon study groups, websites and fan clubs. They also 6. have published (publish) books and released CDs on the language. People who are fluent in Klingon can finally read a Klingon translation of the Shakespeare play began Hamlet, a project that 7. (begin) 8. greeted several years ago. They probably (greet) that news by saying, buy' ngop. Thats Klingon for Thats great news!

Future Simple, be going to and Present Continuous with Future Meaning

C 10. omplete the dialogues with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Simple, Present Continuous or be going to. There may be more than one possible answer.
Future Perfect Simple and Future Continuous

12. omplete the sentences with the correct form C of the verbs below. Use the Future Continuous or Future Perfect.
seeing / 1. A: Are / Are / Will you going to see / (see) Bill tonight?
buy not practise play score go not see move not run 1. y this time tomorrow night, John B will have played in his 100th game for our team, but he hopes that at this time next year, he will be scoring goals for Manchester City.
see
B: o. I 2. am studying / (study) for my history N am going to study exam. A: o you know what Bill 3. D B: m not sure, but he 4. I play probably games with his brother.
is doing / is going to do (do)? 2. really miss Sue. I know I I will

(play) computer
will be going
A: ho 5. is going to bring (bring) food to the W picnic on Saturday?
is bringing /
to visit her in three months time, but by then, we wont have seen each other for six months.
/ B: avid 6. is going to make (make) D is making enough sandwiches for everyone. And he 7. is also going to stop (stop) on the way to buy large bags of crisps.
A: OK. So I 8.
3. wont be running in the race on Sunday I wont have because I enough by practiced then. 4. y the end of the week, he B will have bought furniture, and on Saturday, he will be moving into his new flat.
C 13. omplete the dialogues with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use a future tense. There may be more than one possible answer.
will bring
9.
(bring) fizzy drinks.
B: ood. Do you think we G (need) anything else? A: I dont think so.
will need
11. Write a logical continuation with the words in brackets. Use the Future Simple or be going to.
1. A: Why does Emma want to learn French? B: he S will be visiting (visit) her boyfriends family in France in the summer.
is going to visit /
1. hose are beautiful earrings. T (Mum / love / them)
2. A: Im sorry, but theres no more milk.
Mum will love them.
will B: n that case, I I tea instead of coffee.
have
(have)
2. cant wait to move to New York! I (I / move / there / in a few months)
Im going to move there in a few months.
3. A: hat time do you want to meet tomorrow W morning? B: fter ten. I will A breakfast by then.
have had
(have)
3. We have got plenty of time. (we / not be / late) We wont be late. 4. elax. R (you / pass / the / driving test / tomorrow) You will pass the driving test tomorrow. 5. Be careful! (you / spill / the coffee)
4. A: Do you have plans for tonight?
B: es. I am going to go / (go) to a Y am going basketball game with my dad. B: es, and in a moment, we Y are going to drive / (drive) over it.
5. A: Is that the Golden Gate Bridge?
Youre going to spill the coffee!
6. A: m looking forward to seeing Laura tonight. I B: h, I forgot to tell you. She O isnt coming / (not come).
will be driving
isnt going to come

Grammar Review
Review of Tenses
1 4. omplete the sentences with a suitable word C or time expression below.
C 16. omplete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
how long by then while never in the future always when at three in the morning 1. ere bringing Sam at ten oclock tonight. W By then , all the guests will have arrived for his surprise party.
at three in the morning ? always 3. he S goes to the yoga class

on Tuesdays because she likes the teacher. 4. hes an excellent windsurfer. I think shell win S a lot of championships in the future . 5.
2. hy was your dog barking W
How long
have you known Rita?
6. id you cry D
when
the film ended?
7. anis was talking on the phone J while she was cutting vegetables.
caught hen Jamie Oliver 1. (catch) the publics attention in 1999 with his first television series The Naked Chef, he was only 23 years old. By that time, despite his young age, already had he 2. (already / have) ten years of cooking experience. Since the series 3. ended (end) in 2001, Oliver 4. has built (build) an impressive 5. employs business empire that (employ) over 2,000 people and includes a cookware brand and several restaurants. And, of course, Oliver 6. has already written (already / write) ten cookery
books, and 7. will probably write (probably / write) more in the coming years. But more importantly, Oliver 8. is using / uses (use) his fame and fortune to help others and to encourage healthy eating. established In 2002, he 9. (establish) the Fifteen Foundation, which trains and employs young people in restaurant work. Among the foundations graduates are former drug addicts and youth who 10. were (be) once in trouble with the law. Olivers 2005 television series about the poor quality of Britains school lunch programme eventually 11. led (lead) to the government providing millions of pounds to improve it, and his 2008 series Jamies Ministry of Food used a reality-show format to show how to prepare healthy meals easily and cheaply. are waiting Millions of fans 12. (wait) to see what hell do next but with his history, theres little doubt that it will be both entertaining and educational.
never 8. ve I journal. Its private.
let anyone read my
1 5. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. Make any necessary changes.
1. Is this your first time in San Francisco? (before)
Have you been to San Francisco before? How long have you lived in this flat? While we were flying, I watched a film. / I watched a film while we were flying. Those sunglasses belong to me. What smells delicious?
2. When did you move into this flat? (how long) 3. I watched a film during the flight. (while) 4. Those are my sunglasses. (belong)
5. What is that delicious smell? (smells) 6. e finished the report on Thursday night and H handed it in on Friday. (the night before)
On Friday he handed in the report which / that he had finished the night before.

2. Complete the puzzle using the clues below.
Across 2. here are so many people here! How will we T find Jenny in this ? 4. f I were an I house. , I would buy an enormous
Fame
Vocabulary
1. hoose the correct answer. Pay attention to C the underlined words.
5. hope your with Johnny Depp ends soon! I Im tired of hearing about him! 8. y sister met Bono, and got his M box. on a CD .
9. dont care about the latest fashion I I wear what I like. 0. y fathers a scientist, and his 1 M Einstein. Down 1. here was a lot of T entrance exams.
is Albert
before the university . Hes an assistant
1. 2. 3. 4.
We had such a lavish lunch that I was afterwards. a. hungry b. very full
2. ake is part of the film J electrician.
Colin was a spoilt child but, surprisingly, he grew up to be a very man. a. considerate b. self-centred Prince Charles often makes controversial statements that . a. please everyone b. make some people angry Theyre asking an outrageous price for this flat. Its . a. very reasonable b. far too high .
3. he actor Christian Bale got some bad T when a tape was released of him shouting at someone on a film set. 6. obert and his R their wedding. finally decided on a date for
7. often print lies and rumours about celebrities.

1 3
r o w d
5. hat politician is notorious for T a. his many love affairs b. improving the economy 6.
She used to be quite wealthy, but shes lost a lot of recently. a. money b. weight
r u h e i r b s l s 5 6 7 i n f a t u a t r a c i i a e b t n l 8 a u t o y c i 9 10 r e n d t i d s
p
4
r e s s w i o n
g r a p h o l

Unit 1
3. rite T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. W Correct the false sentences. 5. omplete the sentences with a suitable C collocation. Use the correct form of the verbs take, go or catch and the words and phrases below.
F 1. A bodyguard is a personal trainer in a gym. A bodyguard is a person who protects someone. T 2. A role model is someone we admire.

breath blind for granted eye wild by surprise
T 3. When you fool someone, you trick them.

catch the waiters 1. hen we can W eye , lets ask for the bill.
2. ost of us M
take good health for granted until we become ill.
T 4. Fans of someone worship that person.

3. fter I walked up the hill, I had to stop to A catch my breath . 4. hy are they letting their children W go wild ? Theyre disturbing everyone.
F 5. passer-by is someone who sells things at A

F 6. When we gossip, we talk about ourselves. When we gossip, we talk about others.
4. omplete the passage with the words and C phrases below.
A passer-by is someone who passes / walks by on the street.
street markets.
going 5. acks dog is J wont be able to see.
blind and soon
6. never expected to win the contest. It really I took me by surprise .

6. omplete the sentences by adding a suitable C suffix to the words in brackets to form nouns and adjectives. Make any necessary changes.
straight pursue willing emerges drive instant in the spotlight talent scouts
in the spotlight for years as George Clooney has been a film star. But he didnt climb 2. straight to the top. In fact, he was anything but an 3. instant star.
1.
GorGeous GeorGe
1. om is in the T and lives in a
When he moved to Los Angeles to begin his acting career, 4.talent scouts werent interested in him. But he had a lot 5. drive and was 6. willing to take small of roles in television shows. Success finally came in 1994, when he was cast in a new television hospital drama, er. Soon after that, Clooney began making films and became a star. Since then, hes had to cope with the problems fame can bring and that includes dealing with paparazzi, who 7. pursue him whenever he 8. emerges in public. Clooney rarely tells reporters about his private life. With his typical elegance, Clooney balances his public and private lives better than most Hollywood stars.
luxurious (luxury) home. 2. hat performer (perform) often attends T charity events for good publicity (public). 3. he cares a lot about her appearance (appear), S and only wears fashionable (fashion) clothes. 4. n most places, political (politics) campaigns I are very expensive (expense). 5. heres a special sales promotion (promote) T
this week. If you buy two CDs by the same musician (music), you get a third one free. 6. e had a delightful (delight) time yesterday W performance at the (perform).
7. omplete the sentences. Make them true C for you.
entertainment (entertain) industry,
1. f I could go abroad tomorrow, I would go to I 2. was overwhelmed when I 3. y friends and I sometimes gossip about M 4. ne of my role models is O 5. have to catch my breath when I I
Accept all logical and grammatically . correct answers

.
. . .

Grammar
1. omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. C Use the Present Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous.
1. m surprised that Lesley doesnt know any French. How long I been living (live) in Paris? 2. We
has
she
had been sleeping (sleep) for an hour when we were woken by a loud noise. 3. She had been performing (perform) on stage for years before she appeared in films. 4. The band have been recording (record) their new CD for the past two months. Have they been arguing (argue)? They look upset. 5.
2. omplete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. C Use the Past Simple or a perfect tense (Simple or Continuous).
did Reporter: Congratulations on your Best Actress award! How 1. feel you (feel) when your name was announced? have wanted Actress: I was shocked! In fact, I 2. (want) to win this award since I was a child, and I still dont believe I won! Did enjoy Reporter: 3. you (enjoy) the ceremony? Actress: It was one of the best experiences of my life! And that includes talking with some of the fans who 4. had been waiting (wait) all day to watch everyone, including me, on the red carpet. have you been working (work) on for the past few months? Reporter: Now, what 5. 6. have been relaxing Actress: Nothing! I (relax) for these last few months! But lately, 7. have been considering I (consider) a part in a romantic comedy. In recent years, have done I 8. (do) mostly serious, dramatic roles, and Id like to try something different. Reporter: We all look forward to seeing your next film!
3. ewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning R of the sentences.
1. Is this your first visit to a film set? (ever)
Have you ever visited a film set? / Have you ever been to a film set before? 2. Madonna began performing in 1977. (since)
4. finished most of my homework. Then I went I out. (after)
3. hey havent released a new CD for three years. (ago) T
Madonna has been performing since 1977.
5. hen did he start to play for Manchester City? W (how long)
After I had finished most of my homework, I went out. / I went out after I had finished most of my homework. How long has he been playing for Manchester City?
4. omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Use gerunds or infinitives. C One verb is used more than once.
They released their last CD three years ago. / Their last CD was released three years ago.
buy watch begin achieve be
to watch the YouTube clip I sent you. 2. Sally is eager to begin her studies at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts. 3. On her way to school, Jessica stopped to buy a bottle of water. 4. Believe it or not, being wealthy doesnt solve all of lifes problems. 5. Achieving fame is an important goal for some people. 6. I stopped buying bottled water in order to save money.
1. Dont forget
10
Unit 1
5. omplete the passage with the correct C form of the verbs in brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. There may be more than one correct answer. 7. Correct the errors.
1. Im tired of this game. Were playing since noon. 2. he was directing plays for five years when she S decided to direct a film. 3. Be famous is all she is interested in.
Im tired of this game. Weve been playing since noon.
Working for the Stars

With busy lifestyles and work that often takes them far from home, many celebrities rely on large staffs 1. to take (take) responsibility for a great deal in their lives. Although it may be exciting to meet / meeting famous people, its not always 2. (meet) easy 3. working / (work) for them. Some stars are to work being (be) spoilt, which makes notorious for 4. them extremely demanding bosses. In addition, 5. working (work) for a celebrity often means extremely long hours and includes 6. travelling (travel) with them leaving very little free time for oneself. Despite all this, being a personal assistant to a star or a nanny to their children can be interesting and fun and provides a way 7. to observe (observe) the private life of a celebrity.
She had been directing plays for five years when she decided to direct a film. Being famous is all she is interested in. I didnt forget to write my essay and hand it in on time. She had never dreamed of winning Britains Got Talent.
4. didnt forget writing my essay and hand it in I on time. 5. he had never dreamed of win Britains Got S Talent.
8. Translate the sentences.
1. abloids have been printing articles about David T and Victoria Beckham for years. 2. regret saying those things to him. I
Los peridicos sensacionalistas han estado publicando artculos sobre David y Victoria Beckham durante aos. Me arrepiento de haberle dicho esas cosas.
6. ewrite the sentences using the words in R brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. There may be more than one correct answer.
3. e had been trying to buy concert tickets for W two hours when we lost the Internet connection.
1. am didnt think of thanking us for all our help. S (remember) 2. heri used to sing in a band, but she hasnt S done that for years. (stopped)
Sam didnt remember to thank us for all our help. Sheri stopped singing in a band years ago.
Llevbamos dos horas intentando comprar entradas para el concierto cuando perdimos la conexin a Internet. 4. ave you been doing yoga for a long time? H Has estado haciendo yoga durante mucho tiempo? / Llevas mucho tiempo haciendo yoga?

5. hey had been studying for weeks, so they went T wild when the exams were over.
3. didnt go straight home. I bought milk on the I way. (stopped) 4. dont think that Ive ever met your parents. I (remember)
Grammar review
Haban estado estudiando durante semanas / Llevaban semanas estudiando, as que se desmadraron cuando se acabaron los exmenes.
I stopped to buy milk on the way home. / On the way home, I stopped to buy milk.
9. omplete the sentences with the correct form C of the verb in brackets.
5. am sorry to inform you that Mr Smith died last I week. (regret) 6. shouldnt have eaten so much last night. I (regret)
I dont remember ever meeting your parents.
1. im is an incredible guitarist! How long J has he been playing (play)? 2. miss you. I I for a month! 3. ary wants M fan club.
havent seen (not see) you to join

(join) the Blur (meet)
I regret to inform you that Mr Smith died last week. I regret eating so much last night.
meeting 4. id Steve suggest D for dinner before the film?
5. itnesses said that photographers W had been pursuing (pursue) Julia Roberts for about five minutes before she shouted at them.
11
readinG
1. ook at the title of the text and the pictures. L What do you think the text is about? 2. ow read the text and check your answer. N 3. ind words in the text that mean: F
Promoting the Stars

Public relations (PR) is the business of promoting a person, company, product or idea by generating media and public interest. And personal publicists to the stars seem to have the easiest job in PR because getting ink (receiving media coverage) for celebrities is seldom a problem. In fact not surprisingly, in this age of tabloids, paparazzi, mobile-phone cameras and especially the Internet, theres often too much ink, and its not always positive or to the stars liking. Thats why a big part of a celebrity publicists job is to help stars respond to false, damaging or embarrassing articles and photos. This can be done directly, such as by releasing a statement responding to the published information. Or a more subtle approach can be taken by gradually shifting attention to different, positive aspects of the stars lives, such as their involvement with charitable or social causes. In addition, some stars and their publicists have found a way to try to control coverage and to beat the tabloids at their own game: they hire their own photographers or give paparazzi advance notice so they can catch a star in a supposedly private moment. The editor of an American gossip magazine recently estimated that about half of the celebrity photos we see fall into this category. According to an article in the respected business newspaper, The Wall street Journal, examples of these carefully orchestrated fake paparazzi moments include photos of Gwyneth Paltrow leaving hospital with her first baby and the worlds first glimpse of Tom Cruise with his wife, Katie Holmes. Of course, many celebrities claim not to care about their public image or what the tabloids print. But for those who do care, publicists are essential.
public relations for stars / trying to get publicity for stars
1. armful (paragraph 2) h 2. ot obvious (paragraph 2) n 3. lanned (paragraph 3) p 4. ecessary (paragraph 4) n

damaging subtle orchestrated essential
1. 2.
When a celebrity gets ink, it means ... . a. theyve got a problem b. they receive only bad publicity c. they have got a publicist d. theyre written about The Wall Street Journal ... . a. published the first photo of Tom Cruises wife b. denied publishing fake paparazzi pictures c. orchestrated fake paparazzi photos d. eported on the phenomenon of fake r paparazzi photos
5. rite T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. W Find information in the text to support your answers.
F 1. urprisingly, new technology has had little S not surprisingly, in this age of mobile-phone cameras and especially the Internet, theres often too much ink F 2. subtle response to bad publicity is to issue A This can be done directly, such as releasing a statement ... . Or a more subtle approach can be taken T 3. ake paparazzi photos account for about F recently estimated that about half of the celebrity photos we see fall into this category.
6. Answer the question according to the text.
effect on media coverage of celebrities.
a statement.
50% of published celebrity photos.
W hy do some stars hire photographers to surprise them in a private moment?
Because that way they can better control what is published about them.
12
Unit 1
writinG
1. hoose the correct connector. There may be more than C one correct answer.
your task
rite a for and against essay about the W advantages and disadvantages of celebrities publicly supporting social and political causes. Write 100-150 words.
1. espite / Despite this / In spite of the cold weather, D none of the actresses wore jackets. 2. heres excellent public transport in New York, so you T wont need to hire a car there. However / Furthermore / On the one hand, youll need a car in Los Angeles.
2. orrect the run-on sentences below. Use a full stop and C a capital letter or a connector.
PlanninG your For and aGainst essay

1. Make sure you understand the issue. 2. rainstorm the two sides of the issue. Write B a list of pros and cons. ook at the ideas below. Which are pros? L Which are cons? Which could be either a pro or a con?
1. studied all week, I didnt know all the answers in the test. I
I studied all week, but I didnt know all the answers in the test. / Although I studied all week, I didnt know all the answers in the test. 2. Jim is buying flowers for Sally, its her birthday today. Jim is buying flowers for Sally because its her birthday today. / Jim is buying flowers for Sally. Its her birthday today.

3. woke up late and left the house quickly and I arrived at I school and I realised it was Saturday.
I woke up late and left the house quickly. When I arrived at school, I realised it was Saturday.
3. omplete the for and against essay with the C connectors below.
- celebrities can influence people - elebrities have got access to the media c - n issue that a celebrity supports may get a more publicity than other important issues that lack celebrity supporters - elebrities can help raise money for a c cause - eople may believe celebrities opinions p without doing their own research
dd your own ideas to the list. A
despite on the other hand furthermore however in addition such as on the one hand
3. ecide which view you support. Then D decide which of the ideas above you will include in your essay. 4. rganise your ideas. Use the model in O Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.
Government Funding for the Arts

In Britain, it has always been customary for the government to provide financial support However for the arts. 1. , some people wonder whether it is time to end this custom. 2. On the one hand most people dont benefit directly from arts funding, and many never take advantage of this help. 3. Furthermore / , government funds In addition for the arts means less money for essential services, 4. such as schools, health care, public transport and the police. On the other , in comparison with those services, 5. hand arts funding accounts for only a small portion of the government budget. Yet even that amount helps Britain to preserve its artistic heritage and nurture new generations In addition / of artists. 6. Furthermore , arts funding allows many museums to offer free entrance, creates job opportunities and helps promote tourism. despite In conclusion, 7. the arguments against government arts funding, I believe it should continue. The funding provides many benefits, and the arts are crucial for our culture and society.
Plan
O pening: tate the issue / controversy. S B ody: resent arguments supporting P each view. Closing: Conclude and state your own opinion.
5. Write a first draft. 6. se the checklist to check your work. U Then write a final draft. ChECkLiST
I followed the plan for a for and against essay. I used a variety of connectors of addition, contrast and example. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation. I avoided run-on sentences.
See Writing Guide, Students Book page 140

13
Progress check unit 1

Vocabulary
Grammar
4. omplete the sentences with the correct C form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous.
1. large crew / crowd / passer-by has been A gathering all morning to greet the team when their plane lands. 2. he president emerged / pursued / gossiped in T public for the first time since the scandal began. 3. ome rock guitarists in the 60s and 70s were S spoilt / lavish / notorious for their drug use. 4. cant believe Im finally meeting you! Youve I been my heiress / role model / fiance for years! 5. y friends and I enjoy debating controversial / M instant / wealthy issues.
2. omplete the e-mail by forming collocations C with the correct form of the verbs catch, take, or go and the words below.
1. indas very tired. She hasnt L (not get) enough sleep lately. 2. ou look great! Y
been getting
you
been working out (work out)? 3. hey had been going out (go out) for two T
years when they decided to get married.
5. ewrite the sentences using the words in R brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
Have
1. dont think that I locked the door. (remember) I
I dont remember locking the door.
abroad everyone by surprise sight of wild anyones eye a photo Hey Sue, Youll never guess who I caught sight of last week. Hugh Jackman! He 2. took everyone when by surprise he walked into the shop, but nobody 3. went wild . Everyone acted really calmly. He looked at a few shirts, tried not to 4. catch anyones , and then left. But before he eye 5. take a photo of him with did, I managed to my mobile (Im sending the picture with this e-mail). Now arent you sorry that you 6. went abroad for the summer? Write soon! Love, Lynda
1.
2. t the top of the hill, we paused and admired A the view. (stopped) 3. ont eat any more of the biscuits! (stop) D
At the top of the hill, we stopped to admire the view. Stop eating the biscuits!
6. omplete the sentences. Do not change the C original meaning of the sentences.
1. read all afternoon. Then I fell asleep on the I sofa. After I
2. When did you start to follow a vegetarian diet? How long have
had been reading all afternoon, . I fell asleep on the sofa you been following a vegetarian diet
?
writing
7. omplete the passage with the connectors C below.
3. omplete the sentences by adding a suitable C suffix to the words in brackets.
1. he children watched in amazement T (amaze) as the magician performed his impressive (impress) tricks.
for example moreover despite such as
cultural 2. his summer, there are free T (culture) events in the park, including a modern dance performance (perform).
3. he young musician (music) appeared on T chat shows as part of a publicity (public) tour to promote his new CD.
despite Sallie Larson loves her job, 1. its dangers. This Hollywood stuntwoman has performed such as hundreds of difficult stunts 2. running through fire and jumping from a moving car. 3. Moreover , shes designed safety equipment. 4. For example , she created new seat belt and helmet designs that are widely used during stunts.
14
Unit 1

Vocabulary
1. atch i to ii to form sentences. M
Grammar
4. ewrite the sentences with the words in R brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
I 1. The facts emerged 2. Photographers pursued 3. He tried to fool 4. They gossiped 5. They were surrounded II
1. Dont give the dog more treats. (stop)
Stop giving the dog treats! How long have you been learning karate?
2. When did you start to learn karate? (how long) 3. irst, Ill go to the bank. Then Ill go shopping. (after) F
4 a. to me about their other friends. 5 b. by a lot of people. 2 c. the actor into his hotel. 1 d. slowly, after a long investigation. 3 e. me, but it didnt work.
After I go / have gone to the bank, Ill go shopping. / Ill go shopping after I go / 4. have gone to the bank. He listened to music during the flight. (while) He was listening to music while flying.
5. rite a logical response with the words W below. Use the correct form of the verbs.
1. Here are my keys!

I / look / for them / all day
1. very summer, a small crew performs on / E builds a stage in the park. 2. dont understand your infatuation with him. I Why dont / do you like him so much? 3. hat restaurant is notorious for its bad / good T service. 4. he pressure from his parents makes Ron feel T relaxed / nervous.
3. omplete the blog entry by adding a suitable C suffix to the words in brackets.
I have been looking for them all day.

w e / wait / for / three hours / when / we / finally / see / the / doctor
2. It took forever!
We had been waiting for three hours when we finally saw the doctor.
3. I got to school late today. b y the time / I / walk in / the teacher / hand out / the test
By the time I walked in, the teacher had handed out the test.
Successful sports stars appear in adverts for 1. expensive (expense) watches and 2. fashionable (fashion) designer clothing, and are photographed at lavish parties with famous 3. musicians (music) and actors. There are often articles about their 4. luxurious (luxury) homes and yachts, as well as about their occasionally 5. outrageous (outrage) behaviour. It sometimes seems that they are more entertainment a part of the 6. (entertain) business than the sports business. Lets start to appreciate sports stars again for their 7. amazing (amaze) performances and not for the 8. publicity (public) they give to products or for what happens in their private lives.
writing
6. omplete the sentences with a suitable C connector below.
nevertheless in spite of furthermore moreover however although despite 1. lot of people dont like him. Nevertheless / A , However I think hes very nice. 2. Although shes lived here for ten years, shes never got used to the cold. 3. m not going to rent that flat. Its too small. I Moreover , theres no view. /
Furthermore
15
Going Green
Vocabulary
1. omplete the captions with the words below. C
2. he following sentences dont make sense. T Make them logical by replacing the words and phrases in bold with the correct word or phrase in bold from a different sentence.
1. It is harmful to birds and sea animals to destroy plastic. ingest 2. This factory doesnt inhabit dangerous substances because it was built with new emit green technology. 3. Giant pandas cut down remote mountain areas in China. inhabit 4. If we dont ingest our spending, we wont have any savings left. cut down 5. Many scientists are now making their way to studying the effects of climate change.
devoted
debris pollution landfill trash 1 Why do I always have to trash out? take the
6. My parents use up driving in bad weather. In fact, they never drive when its snowing.
avoid
7. Susan and Jim are still devoted here. They got stuck in traffic, but should be arriving soon.
making their way
8. Everyone fears that the hurricane will emit thousands of homes. destroy 9. If we have to pay the DJ 400, well avoid most of the budget and wont have any money for food. use up
3. omplete the sentences with the words C below.
Now that the rain has ended, its going to take a lot of work to clear all this debris .
halfway fuel logging shortcut greenhouse effect crops banned bellies voyages renewable energy environmentally friendly lack 3 What a shame that we cant see much of the city today because of the air pollution . 1. I had driven halfway to your house when I realised that I hadnt taken the short cut you had suggested.
2. The greenhouse is creating climate changes effect which will affect the types of crops that can be grown in regions of the world.
Soon, this landfill will be covered. Were going to build a club on top of it.
lack of food for a long period of 3. Severe time causes childrens bellies to become very large.
4. Experts agree that it is renewable energy . 5. forests here. 6. Space
environmentally friendly to use
Logging is banned in all the national voyages require a great deal of fuel .
16
Unit 2
4. omplete the passage with the words and C phrases below. 6. hoose the sentence that best follows the C original.
carbon footprint nightmare emitted amount carbon dioxide cut down broke down made waves harmful Leisure and the environment In recent years, many respected scientists have 1. made waves by describing terrible 2. nightmare scenarios of the future of life on Earth. The only solution, they say, is to 3. cut down on pollution. This would mean 4. amount reducing the of damaging 5. carbon dioxide we produce. Most of us, of course, dont even know the size of our own 6. carbon footprint . But a recent study of the 7. harmful environmental impact of an average British citizen provided some interesting broke down carbon information. The study 8. dioxide-producing activities into 11 categories, including leisure, home-energy use and commuting. Surprisingly, leisure activities accounted, on average, for about one-fifth of the total carbon dioxide that is 9. emitted by each person in Britain. Think about this the next time you watch a football match in a brightly lit stadium or go away on holiday!
1. My glasses vanished into thin air. a. They were exactly where I had left them. b. I couldnt find them anywhere.
2. Her personality brought a breath of fresh air to the office. a. She talks too much. b. Shes not like everyone else. a. It was more than we expected. b. We need to raise a lot more. a. You can achieve anything you want. b. heres a limit to what youll be able to T achieve. a. Hes very depressed. b. Hes easy to talk to. a. I dont expect there to be any more difficulties. b. expect that well soon face other problems I as well. a. Its really not a problem. b. You should be more concerned. a. Theyre more dangerous. b. They no longer exist.
3. The money we raised is a drop in the ocean.
4. With your education, the skys the limit.
5. Johns very down to earth.
6. This problem is the tip of the iceberg.
7. Dont make a mountain out of a molehill.
8. Pollution has wiped out many species.

5. atch I to II to form sentences. M
I 1. My computer isnt working properly. I hope it isnt going to 2. I missed the first two lessons, but I think Ill 3. Theres so much to learn for this exam. We need to 4. Thats a great idea! Ill 5. When Lori and I see sad films, we 6. Im not taking the bus home. Lee said hell 7. Most experts dont expect the economy to II
7. omplete the sentences. Make them true for C you.
1. One of the locally grown crops is 2. I should cut down on
accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
. . . . . . .
3. If I could take a voyage anywhere, Id like to go 4. I think it would be easy for me to pick up 5. The last thing of mine that broke down was 6. My worst nightmare is that 7. I was brought up
6 a. pick me up. 1 b. break down. 3 c. break it down into sections. 2 d. pick everything up quickly. 5 e. usually break down at the end. 4 f. bring it up at the meeting. 7 g. pick up until early next year.
17
Grammar
1. hoose the sentence that best follows the C original.
3. omplete the sentences with the correct form C of the modals or modal perfects and the verbs in brackets. Use the affirmative or negative.
1. We (need / bring) umbrellas with us. It hasnt rained at all today! 2. Im going to be late! I should have (should / wake up) an hour ago!
neednt have brought
woken up
1. You should have been there! a. It was a fantastic concert. b. Im sure youll enjoy it. 2. I might leave my phone at home. a. Now Im sorry that I havent got it with me. b. I dont think Ill need it. 3. They might have missed the train. a. If they hurry, theyll catch it. b. If they did, theyll be on the next one. 4. We could have helped them. a. I wonder why they didnt ask us. b. I wonder if theyll ask us to help.
2. rite a sentence to describe each picture W with the words below. Use a modal or modal perfect, affirmative or negative. There may be more than one correct answer.
3. All these jeans are on sale, so I might buy (might / buy) two pairs. 4. Keith looked better with longer hair. He shouldnt have cut (should / cut) it. 5. I would have taken (would / take) the bus, but it left as I arrived. 6. Lucys got a bad case of food poisoning. The fish at the restaurant must have been (must / be) off. 7. Joe couldnt repair (could / repair) my computer, so I called a technician.
Zero Rubbish
Some people 1. have to laugh / must laugh / must have laughed when Frank Schiavo decided, about 25 years ago, that he was going to try to reduce the amount of rubbish he produced. But nobodys laughing these days. In fact, we now 2. have to give / had to give / must have given Schiavo credit for being one of the first to adopt a zero-rubbish lifestyle. The former environmental studies lecturer knew long ago that one of the ways we 3. cant reduce / can reduce / could reduce our personal carbon footprint is to cut down on our rubbish. That means following what some environmentalists call the three Rs: Reduce, Recycle and Reuse. Reduce your purchases, recycle anything possible and reuse food waste to make compost. In addition, environmentalists insist on repairing or donating items that you 4. cant recycle / shouldnt recycle / could have recycled. Schiavo succeeded in reducing the amount of rubbish he 5. should have thrown / would have thrown / must have thrown into the bin. After following a zero-rubbish lifestyle for 16 years, a typical months worth of his rubbish 6. must fit / might fit / could fit into a small paper bag.
Karen / wear / a jacket
Karen should have worn a jacket.
Mark / leave / the keys in the door
mark must/may/might have left the keys in the door.
they / be / delighted
they must/should be delighted.
we / get / here / so late
We shouldnt have got here so late.
18
Unit 2
5. omplete the sentences with the correct C form of should or had better, affirmative or negative. There may be more than one correct answer. 8. orrect the errors. C
1. I dont see Emma here. She must leave. 2. Im not sure whos singing that song. It might have been Madonna.
1. You should wear that colour more often. It looks great on you. 2. I think hes having a heart attack! We should / call an ambulance immediately!
i dont see emma here. she must have left.
had 3. You use any of my things while better not Im gone, or Ill be very angry.
4. I know that I food.
had better
im not sure whos singing that song. it might be madonna.

3. The president should has begun worrying about the environment years ago.
shouldnt eat so much junk
the president should have begun worrying about the environment years ago.
4. Would have Jane helped you?
6. ewrite the sentences with the modals in R brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
Would Jane have helped you? Wed better get petrol soon.
5. Wed better to get petrol soon.
1. Have you got a pen for me to borrow? (can)
Can i borrow your pen?
2. The water in this river is too polluted for us to drink. (mustnt)
We mustnt drink the water in this river.
1. ur country must cut down the amount of O energy that we use.
3. Its possible that Jeff didnt receive the message. (might not)
Jeff might not have received the message. Julie doesnt have to help me cook for the party. that story cant be real. / i cant believe that story is real.
2. oad safety should be taught to young children R to avoid road accidents. 3. Youd better take the shortcut or youll be late. 4. ou shouldnt have brought up the subject of Y money. 5. elia may have broken down because of the C bad news.
nuestro pas debe reducir la cantidad de energa que usamos.
4. Theres no need for Julie to help me cook for the party. (not have to) 5. I doubt that story is real. (cant)
se debera ensear seguridad vial a los/as nios/as pequeos/as para evitar accidentes de trfico. ser mejor que cojas el atajo o llegars tarde. no deberas haber planteado el asunto del dinero. Puede que Celia se echara a llorar a causa de la mala noticia.
1. Next year, I might
2. My parents think I should
. . . . .
3. My friends had better not 4. People my age cant 5. When I was younger, my parents should have 6. At weekends, I dont have to 7. Last year, I should have
Grammar review
10. omplete the sentences with the correct form C of the words in brackets.
has been working (work) in the 1. Our teacher school for the past 20 years.
2. We had been playing (play) tennis for an hour before Carol joined us. 3.
. .
Windsurfing (windsurf) is a popular sport

in Australia.
4. I should have gone (should / go) on holiday last month when the prices were lower. 5. This milk
smells
(smell) off.
19
readinG
1. ead the article quickly, ignoring difficult R words. Then answer the questions.
The Environmental Costs of Being Online

Theres no doubt that the Internet has got environmental benefits. E-mails, for instance, save on paper, electricity costs for processing ordinary letters and the fuel needed to pick up and deliver them. Online purchases mean fewer car trips to shops. As we increasingly get more news and music online, energy costs of producing and transporting newspapers, magazines and CDs are being reduced. And video-conferencing brings together people who, a few years ago, couldnt have met without travelling long distances. But online activity itself has definitely got a carbon footprint. You might be surprised to learn that, according to a recent study, the information technology industry emits approximately 2% of the worlds CO2 (carbon dioxide), creating about the same amount of greenhouse gases as the global airline industry. The culprit, of course, is the electricity needed to run the huge server computers of Google and other data centres, which are, says researcher Evan Mills, among the most energy-intensive facilities imaginable. But what does this mean for the average computer user? Estimates are that every 15 minutes we spend online performing a Google search or viewing web pages can generate up to 10 g of CO2. This is about two-thirds of the amount created by boiling a cup of water in an electric kettle. And players of online virtual-reality games can use nearly the same amount of electricity in one year as a typical citizen in Brazil uses over the same period.
1. What problem does the writer describe?
online pollution
2. What are some of the causes of the problem?
huge amounts of Google searches / web page viewing / complex, online virtual-reality game playing
2. ead the text again and choose the best R answer according to the text.
1. The information technology industry ... . a. produces about 2% less CO2 than airlines b. generates a similar amount of greenhouse gas as airlines do c. emits 2% more carbon dioxide than the airline industry d. creates much less greenhouse gas than the airline industry 2. According to Evan Mills, computer data centres ... . a. are among the most energy-saving facilities b. consume a great deal of energy c. dont need a lot of electricity d. help Google conserve energy 3. Compared to an electric kettle, a 15-minute Google search ... . a. uses more energy b. creates about two-thirds more CO2 c. produces fewer grams of carbon dioxide d. generates 10 g more CO2
3. omplete the sentences according to the text. C
electricity With more than 200 million Internet searches performed costs for processing ordinary letters and on . the each day, billions of web pages being viewed and new fuel needed to pick up and deliver them
2. The average Brazilian consumes about the same amount of electricity in a year as players of online virtual-reality games do over the . 3. Every day, more than 200 million internet
paper, 1. By using e-mail, were able to save
same period
searches are performed
online services such as Twitter gaining in popularity, many scientists believe its time to find ways to cut down the Internets environmental cost.
4. Find words in the text that mean:
1. things that are bought (paragraph 1) purchases 2. the cause of a problem (paragraph 3) culprit 3. create (paragraph 4)
generate
20
writinG
1. Read the letter of complaint below. Replace the informal language in brackets with formal words and phrases.
your task
Unit 2
rite a letter of complaint to your local W newspaper about the lack of sports facilities in your area. Write 100-150 words.
writinG a letter of complaint

1. ecide what you want to say. Think about D the following questions:
11 Pickwick Road Corsham Wiltshire 7th May 2010
- hat effect does the problem have on the W people in your community? - Why does it bother you personally? - What actions should be taken?
2. hink of a way to convince the reader that T this problem is important. Which of the following sentences could be used in your letter?
Ms Allison Murray President NewSounds Records 49 Dean Street London Dear (Allison) , to express my Im writing (to tell you about) 2. concern regarding the type of CD packaging used by NewSounds Records.
1.
madam
1. I like sport. 2. oung people who participate in sport are Y less likely to be bored and get involved in crime. 3. laying sport regularly is part of a healthy P lifestyle. 4. eam sports make you feel part of your T community. 5. Being an athlete makes you more popular.
To begin with, I (really dont like) 3. strongly disagree that your company uses plastic wrappings. Producing new plastic wastes valuable natural resources. Second, I object to the chemically-treated type of paper on which the inserted booklets are printed because it is unsuitable for recycling. Many record companies are packaging CDs in paper or plastic cases made of 100% recycled and recyclable materials. I (really think that) 4. strongly urge NewSounds to do the same in order to reduce its carbon footprint. (Cant wait to hear from you.) 5. i look forward to your reply. (Sincerely,) 6. Yours faithfully, James Emerson
3. rganise your ideas. Use the model in O Exercise 1 and the plan below to help you.
plan
Opening: tate the purpose of your letter. S Body: ive information and details. G Closing: Request / Demand action.
4. rite a first draft. W 5. se the checklist to check your work. U Then write a final draft. ChECklIsT
I followed the plan for a formal letter. I used formal language. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation.
2. ewrite the sentences using parallel structures. R
1. Buying music online is cheaper than to buy CDs.
Buying music online is cheaper than buying Cds. tims scooter is newer than rachels. sam has got blond hair, brown eyes and long legs.
2. Tims scooter is newer than the one Rachel has. 3. Sam has got blond hair, brown eyes and his legs are long.
21
progress check unit 2

Vocabulary
1. eplace each word or expression in bold R with a suitable expression below. Make any necessary changes.
Grammar
3. omplete the sentences with the correct form C of a modal or modal perfect and the verbs in brackets. There may be more than one correct answer.
break down pick up make waves cut down vanish into thin air bring up 1. She learned photography on her own, without picked up any formal training. 2. Many people could easily decrease the amount cut down of water they use. 3. When the boy saw his injured puppy, he began to cry. broke down 4. I dont want to cause problems, so I wont complain. make waves 5. The suspect seemed to disappear while the police were chasing him. vanish into thin air 6. Why did you start to talk about my party in front of Donna? I asked you not to!
should ask (ask) Lynne for 1. I think we help. She knows a lot about computers.
2. She shouldnt have/ (prepare) so much neednt have prepared food. Nobody was very hungry.
would 3. I busy.
4. 5. please?
have called (call) you sooner, but I was have

(have) some water,
Can/may/ I Could
Would you like (like) to join us? could have (predict) his 6. Nobody predicted
reaction. He really surprised us.
4. rite sentences with the words below. Use W the correct form of should or had better.
bring up
2. omplete the passage with the words and C expressions below.
1. I dont think Ellen looks good with short hair. She / let / her hair / grow / long / again
she should let her hair grow long again.
carbon footprint bellies amount a drop in the ocean renewable energy fuel environmentally-friendly People who work out at Central Gym in Hong Kong are not only trimming fat from bellies their 1. , theyre also a source of 2.renewable energythat helps provide power to the gym. Specially-designed exercise machines capture the electrical energy produced by exercisers, which then becomes 3. fuel to power the lights above the machines. Excess energy is stored in a battery. amount Of course, the 4. of energy 5.environmentally-friendly thats created by these a drop workouts is only 6. compared in the ocean to the amount of electricity the gym uses. But researchers hope that eventually, human-powered energy will be much more widely and efficiently captured and used. So, what could be better than increasing your fitness while reducing your 7. carbon footprint ?
2. Youll fail the course unless you finish the project on time. We / work / on / it / today We had better work on it today. 3. Davids not feeling well. He / go / out / tonight
he shouldnt go out tonight.
writing
5. ewrite the sentence below using formal R language. There may be more than one correct answer.
I really think youve got to do something really fast to solve this problem.
Possible Answer in my opinion, something must be done quickly in order to solve this problem.
6. ewrite the sentence using parallel structures. R
Recycling plastic is better than to put it in landfills.
recycling plastic is better than putting it in landfills.
22
Unit 2
progress check units 1-2

Vocabulary
1. omplete the passage with the words below. C
Grammar
3. ewrite the sentences using the correct form R of the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
pollution trend wealthy harmful lack lavish publicity the skys the limit For 1. wealthy actors, such as George Clooney and Leonardo DiCaprio, or rich businessmen like the the skys when it comes to founders of Google, 2. the limit lack buying a car. Theres certainly no 3. of 4. lavish vehicles, either. But recently, choices of they all made an interesting choice of a new car when they were among the first purchasers of the Tesla Roadster a new electric sports car made by a small, independent manufacturer. This battery-powered vehicle produces far less 5. pollution than an ordinary petrol-powered car, and has much less of a 6. harmful effect on the environment. With a price tag of over $100,000, its unlikely that the Tesla will trend . However, its become a widespread 7. celebrity owners certainly create good 8. publicity for electric cars in general.
2. rite T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. W Correct the false sentences.
1. Im sure that Sam is disappointed. (must)
sam must be disappointed. i should have brought my iPod with me.
2. I regret not bringing my iPod with me. (should) 3. Jeff planned to arrive earlier, but there was a lot of traffic. (would) 4. This is his first teaching job. (before)
Jeff would have arrived earlier, but there was a lot of traffic.
5. When did you first begin to study environmental science here? (how long) 6. Sir, parking isnt allowed here. (had better)
hes never taught before. / hes never had a teaching job before. how long have you been studying environmental science here?
sir, you had better park somewhere else. / sir, you had better not park here.
writing
4. omplete the sentences with a logical ending. C Pay attention to the words in bold.
F 1. hen you ingest something, you throw it W

away.
1. Dave likes to watch TV and
F 2. When you emerge, you cant be seen. When you emerge, you can be seen. t 3. hen you are willing, you offer or agree to W
something.
When you ingest something, you consume it.
2. There are many ways to conserve water. For instance, we . 3. I have to tidy my room every week. In addition, I have to . . . .
4. Sally especially likes British bands such as F 4. When you inhabit a place, you visit it. When you inhabit a place, you live in it. t 5. When you pursue something, you follow it. 5. Flying in a plane is faster than

its good for the environment.
F 6. hen something is a breath of fresh air, W

6. The service at this restaurant is terrible. However,
When something is a breath of fresh air, its new and different.
23
Online World
Vocabulary
1. atch I to II to form sentences. M
2. omplete the captions with the verbs below. C
expose launch crawl lean crash 1 You cant continue to crawl You must drive a bit faster. .
I want a style that doesnt expose my bald spot.
I 1. Im sure that Ben has read my e-mails 2. Jake had a problem with the computer this morning, 3. I know youre upset because 4. He was relieved 5. He taught me how to keep my computer safe 6. You have to enter a password 7. Oh, no! What am I going to do? This message says 8. He finally turned off the television II 4 Our market research shows that the time is right to launch the new TOP phone.
Oh, no! Please, please dont crash now! My reports due in the morning!
6 a. when you log onto this website. 3 b. our job interview didnt turn out well. y 8 c. nd helped me tidy up the flat. a 1 d. ven though hes denied it. e 4 e. hat he hadnt accidentally deleted t
his work.
7 f. hat all my files have been t

permanently removed.
2 g. ut he restarted it and everythings b

fine now.
Please dont
lean
on my car.
5 h. nd prevent other people from a

seeing whats on it.
24
Unit 3
3. omplete the dialogue with the words and C phrases below. 5. omplete each sentence with the adjectives below. C
pressing affluent close-up overjoyed 1. Steve was polite, but he wasnt me.
online available user-friendly updated google access social-networking sites portable
overjoyed to see
Salesman: May I help you? Ellen: Yes, please. Im looking for a new computer. Its got to be lightweight and 1. portable , because I want to be able to take it to cafs. Salesman: I think you should consider a netbook, especially if youre going to use it mainly to go 2. online to 3. google people or visit 4. social- , such as Facebook. Weve got networking sites several models 5. available that are all smaller, and weigh and cost less than a typical laptop. userTheyre also very 6. theres nothing friendly complicated to learn. Just turn it on and you can 7. access the Internet wherever theres a wireless connection. Ellen: Do netbooks come with 8. updated programs, like the latest version of Office? Salesman: No. You have to buy those separately. Ellen: OK. A netbook sounds perfect. Let me see what youve got ... .
2. A lot of affluent high-tech executives have expensive homes in this neighbourhood. 3. We have several pressing topics to discuss, but the most urgent is the book fair. 4. I can see every detail of the bee in the
close-up .
6. omplete the sentences with a suitable C collocation. Use the verbs and nouns below.
Verbs: download enter charge forward post 1. You charge
Nouns: your password an attachment a song information a mobile phone
a mobile when its battery is low. phone enter your in order to access 2. You have to password some websites.
3. When you want to send a document or photo to someone, you forward an . 4. It sometimes takes a long time to download a song onto a computer. 5. When you add something to your Facebook page, you post information .
7. omplete the sentences with the correct form of C the verbs in brackets and suitable prepositions.
attachment
4. hoose the correct answer. Pay attention to the C underlined words.
1. All employees use cars / computers from the companys fleet. 2. The Olympic athletes entered the stadium, wearing / carrying poles with the flags of their countries. 3. For safety, a fence was built over / around the pool. 4. A burglar stole / delivered ten laptops yesterday. 5. I had a sudden urge to eat meat, so I ordered a hamburger / became a vegetarian. 6. Diana keeps all her important papers / T-shirts in a folder. 7. My music files are organised on my computer / in CD boxes. 8. This software comes with a tutorial that provides a discount / instructions.
reminds me of (remind) you. 2. I applied for (apply) five jobs last week. 3. When did you first hear about (hear) this? 4. He depends on (depend) his parents for money. 5. Ive thought of (think) the perfect present for her.
1. Sally
8. omplete the sentences. Make them true for you. C
1. My favourite social-networking site is 2. I recently googled
Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
. .
3. If I were affluent, I would . 4. Someone once forwarded me . 5. I bought an amazing device that .
25
Grammar
1. omplete the sentences with the correct form C of the verbs in brackets. Use the passive.
4. ewrite the sentences in Exercise 3 by R completing the sentences below. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. The exam had
1. he phone should be charged (should / T charge) for 12 hours before you use it. 2. ickets T 3. ince the band put their latest song online, S has been it (download) by downloaded thousands of fans. 4. his photo must have been T taken in the winter. Look at the snow!
will be / are going (sell) next week. to be sold
been completed by 11.30 yesterday . once believed that the world was flat 2. People . 3. Experts consider junk food to be unhealthy . 4. Companies often launch new products with publicity campaigns and free samples . 5. A major games company is now producing the computer game she designed .
5. omplete the passage with the correct form C of the verbs in brackets. Use the active or passive.
(must / take)
5. y the time we completed the survey, it B had been answered (answer) by 420 people.
2. rite a logical continuation with the words in W brackets. Use the passive form of the verb.
BECOMINg FAMOuS ON YOuTuBE

When Jawed Karim, one of YouTubes founders, 1. posted (post) the first video there could have on 23rd April 2005, nobody 2. predicted (could / predict) that the website would become one of the most popular on the Internet. Each minute, at least 20 hours of video 3. are uploaded was bought (upload) to the site, which 4. (buy) by Google in 2006. The selection of videos includes films, television shows, homemade music videos, documentaries, as well as some short films that 5. are considered (consider) to be original and artistic by serious critics. In addition, many YouTube stars 6. have been created (create) over the past few years. These are people have been whose videos 7. (watch) watched by millions of people. Among these stars are Matt Harding, thanks to his videos of himself dancing with people all over the world, and Ryan Higa, whose video How to Be a Ninja 8. has been viewed (view) over 20 million times so far. Another YouTube star is Lauren Luke, a young Englishwoman whose popular series of videos about applying make-up led to her own make-up line that 9. was launched (launch) in April 2009. Its this unpredictable variety of videos that keep people hooked on YouTube!
1. ve just received an e-mail from Amazon. I (my package / deliver / next week) 2. didnt eat anything at the party. I (all the food / eat / by the time / I arrive) 3. he invitations are finally addressed. T (they / not / send out / yet)
My package will be delivered next week.
All the food had been eaten by the time I arrived. They havent been sent out yet.
4. ou can check tomorrows weather. Y (forecasts / give / on several websites)
Forecasts are given on several websites.
3. omplete the sentences with the correct C active or passive form of the verbs below. Use each verb only once.
launch complete consider produce believe 1. y 11.30 yesterday, everyone B the exam.
had completed
was 2. t I once world was flat.

3. unk food J
believed that the
is considered to be unhealthy. are 4. ew products N often launched

with publicity campaigns and free samples.
is 5. he computer game she designed T being by a major games company. now produced
26
Matt Harding dancing in India
Unit 3
6. ewrite the sentences using two passive R structures. 8. orrect the errors. C
1. The decision has already be made.
1. heyre using computer animation to make the T film.
The decision has already been made. At the moment, passwords are being changed. The dates of the meetings will be sent to everyone.
Computer animation is being used to make the film. The film is being made by using computer animation.
2. e will e-mail the concert tour dates to W everyone next week.
2. t the moment, passwords are been changed. A 3. he dates of the meetings will be sent everyone. T 4. orry, Mrs Rivero. Im late because Ive checked S my teeth at the dentist today.
The concert tour dates will be e-mailed to everyone next week. Everyone will be e-mailed the concert tour dates next week.
3. omeone sent me flowers on my birthday. S
Flowers were sent to me on my birthday. I was sent flowers on my birthday.

4. xperts believe that Internet addiction is a E growing problem.
Sorry, Mrs Rivero. Im late because I had my teeth checked at the dentist today.
5. ifty years ago, this computer was considered to F was the fastest one in the world.
It is believed that Internet addiction is a growing problem. Internet addiction is believed to be a growing problem.
5. eople think his videos are very entertaining. P
Fifty years ago, this computer was considered to be the fastest one in the world.

His videos are thought to be very entertaining. It is thought that his videos are very entertaining.
7. omplete the e-mail with the correct causative C form of the verbs below. There may be more than one correct answer.
1. new product has just been launched for the A Spanish market.
2. ertain expensive items can be bought only by C affluent people. 3. obody understood why all those photos had N been deleted.
Se acaba de lanzar un nuevo producto para el mercado espaol. Ciertos artculos caros pueden ser comprados solamente por gente acomodada. Nadie comprendi por qu haban sido borradas todas esas fotos.
cut install put on made deliver
Jon@gmail.com
Hi Jon, Thanks for the e-mail! Im glad you finally 1. had / got an Internet connection installed . Im busy these days and not only with studying. cut I 2. had / got my hair the other day, and today Im taking my motorbike to the garage to 3. have / get new tyres put on . have / an extra While thats being done, I 4. willget made to my flat, so you can set of keys have a set when you visit next week. When you come, we should invite friends over, rent have a couple of films and 5. burgers and chips delivered . See you in a few days! Angie
4. hese images shouldnt have been removed from T our website. 5. SB flash drives are said to be quite affordable. u
Estas imgenes no deberan haberse eliminado de nuestra pgina web. Se dice que las memorias USB son bastante asequibles.
Grammar review
1 0. omplete the sentences with the correct form C of the verbs in brackets.
1. e were met by friends who W had been waiting (wait) for us for an hour. 2.
Skiing
(ski) is a popular sport.
3. e didnt like the restaurant that gina W recommended. We should have gone (should / go) to a different place. 4. he book was reviewed T newspapers last week. 5. hat girl T (review) in several (look) familiar.
looks
27
readinG
1. ead the first sentence in each paragraph in R the text. In which paragraph do you think you will find the following information?
@
Internet Addiction
Do you neglect responsibilities whenever you have the urge to spend time online? Do you feel depressed if youre away from a computer game for too long? Do you lie about the amount of time you spend online? Is your virtual social life more important than your real social life? If so, they may be signs that you have an Internet, gaming or computer addiction now commonly called Internet addiction. Since the mid-1990s, when the problem first began to be widely discussed among mental-health professionals, comparisons have been made between excessive computer use and addictions to gambling, drugs or alcohol. There are differences, though, especially as Internet addiction doesnt usually involve losing money or pose an imminent threat to ones physical health. Moreover, many experts say that an Internet addiction diagnosis shouldnt be based mainly on the amount of time devoted to the activity. Instead, they say, what must be examined is the negative effect the activity has on someones life. Someone who stays home from school or a job in order to remain online, for instance, or who gains emotional satisfaction only from their gaming or virtual social life, should be considered an addict. Internet addiction is not yet accepted as a mental disorder by the American Psychiatric Association or similar professional organisations elsewhere (though it may soon gain official recognition in China). Despite this, a wide range of treatments is already available for it, including rehabilitation programmes in South Korea, China, the USA and other countries. Critics may point to this as proof that addiction specialists are already benefitting from creating a new group of patients to treat. But that probably doesnt matter to sufferers like 19-yearold Ben Alexander who, in September 2009, was the first patient at ReSTART, a treatment centre in the USA. He didnt finish university because of his inability to limit the amount of time he spent playing the video game World of Warcraft. Hopefully, ReSTART will enable Ben to regain control of his life.
1. whether Internet addiction is considered an official disorder 4 2. some signs of Internet addiction
3. what needs to be considered when making a diagnosis of Internet addiction 3 4. hy Ben Alexander was in a treatment w centre 5 5. how Internet addiction differs from some other addictions 2
2. ow read the entire text and check your answers. N 3. Complete the sentences according to the text.
1. ental-health professionals first began M
2. outh Korea and the united States are among S the countries that already have got .
discussing the problem of Internet addiction in the mid 1990s
rehabilitation programmes for Internet addiction sufferers
1. mong the signs of Internet addiction NOT A mentioned is ... . a. spending money online b. neglecting responsibilities c. depression d. ocialising online only s 2. The most important factor to consider when making a diagnosis of Internet addiction is ... . a. the amount of time spent online b. the impact online or gaming activities has on someones life c. a persons favourite online activities d. whether someone uses the Internet at work
5. ind words in the text that mean the opposite of: F
1. pay attention to (paragraph 1) 2. not enough (paragraph 2) 3. loses (paragraph 3) 4. suffering (paragraph 4)
neglect excessive gains benefitting
28
Unit 3
writinG
1. Choose the correct connector.
your task
rite an opinion essay about the following W statement: Using a mobile phone in public venues is impolite. Write 100-150 words.
1. o that / Due to / In order to get an iPhone at a S discount, you have to show your student ID. 2. he enjoys living here. Therefore, / Due to / Because S shes not sure that she wants to attend university anywhere else. 3. aul is one of the nicest people I know. As a result, / P Because / For this reason, Id like to introduce him to your sister.
2. dd apostrophes where necessary. A
writinG an opinion essay

1. ake sure you understand the issue. M 2. ecide if you agree or disagree with the D statement. 3. rainstorm ideas you can use to support your B opinion. Look at the points below. Which
could be used by someone who agrees with the statement above? Which could be used by someone who disagrees? - ignoring people when using mobile phones - same as talking face to face - loud mobile-phone ringtones - lit screens disturb - acceptable behaviour today
1. The dogs fur is white, but its tail is black. 2. an you hear the peoples screams? Theyre so frightened. C 3. love your jacket. Its beautiful. I
3. omplete the opinion essay with suitable connectors. C There may be more than one correct answer.
Too Much Self-Service Online? More and more business is being conducted online, from banking to booking travel tickets. While many people like this trend, I think it has disadvantages for the consumer. First of all, a credit or debit card is usually needed 1. in order to make online purchases. 2. As a result /, Therefore people who lack these cards cant take advantage of Internet deals such as low-priced plane tickets. Second, the ability to print boarding passes or tickets at home is presented to consumers as an advantage but it is also an inconvenience 3. because / it costs us since time and money for the ink and paper. Finally, online orders are often difficult to change, and customer service is not always readily available. For this reason / people are nervous about making 4. Therefore, some online purchases. All in all, I dont think that consumers who do their business online are always treated well. Consumers should let companies know when they dont like this self-service approach.
4. ecide which ideas to include in your essay. D Think of facts, details and examples to support your arguments. 5. rganise your ideas. Use the model in O Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.
plan
O pening: Present the issue and your opinion. Body: resent reasons, facts and P examples to support your opinion. Closing: estate your opinion and / or make R suggestions.
6. Write a first draft. 7. se the checklist to check your work. U Then write a final draft. ChECkLIsT
I followed the plan for an opinion essay. I used connectors of cause and result and connectors of purpose. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation. I checked that the verbs and subjects agree.

29
progress check unit 3

Vocabulary
Grammar
4. omplete the passage with the correct form C of the verbs in brackets. Use the active or passive.
1. ont crawl / lean on the wall! The paint is wet! D 2. uckily, I didnt lose my work when my computer L crashed / restarted. 3. he pole / fence around our garden is made of T wood. 4. he password / tutorial is easy to remember. T 5. m sorry, but theres no available / pressing I appointment today. 6. he grew up in an affluent / updated family, so S she never had to worry about money.
2. omplete the sentences with a suitable C preposition. Pay attention to the words in bold.
1. ome packaged foods seem to consist mainly S of chemicals. 2. ere going to stay W on the beach!
at / in
a hotel right
3. like Charles, but I wouldnt depend I on him for anything important. 4. ou forgot to remind me Y birthday.
about
Sues
for 5. ate applied K her provisional driving licence yesterday.

3. omplete the sentences with the words and C phrases below.
Urban legends those scary or weird stories that 1. are said (say) to be true but arent have been around for a long time. In the 1800s in England, for instance, rumours 2. spread / were spread (spread) of the existence of a man who 3. was referred (refer) to as Spring-Heeled Jack. He had a terrifying appearance and could jump very high. Since the mid-1930s, tales 4. have been told (tell) of alligators living in the sewers under New York City. Nowadays, urban legends 5. are making / (make) their way around the make world with the click of a mouse. In recent years, have read millions of people 6. (read) that certain tight jeans can kill the wearer and that live poisonous spiders often 7. (live) in passenger jet bathrooms. Both of these stories are false. But even if we know that urban legends are untrue, many of us still enjoy reading them. Theyve even become the subject of research for some folklore specialists who keep a close eye on the Internet to learn which are going viral that is, which urban legends 8. are being read (read) by and forwarded to millions of people.
turn out fleet urge deny access delete 1. hen some ex-smokers get the W for a cigarette, they chew gum. 2. ont worry. Everything will D perfectly.
writing
5. omplete the sentences with a suitable C connector of cause, result or purpose. There may be more than one correct answer.
urge
turn out
1. lot of cafs offer free wireless Internet access A because it attracts customers. 2. eg cant eat sugar. Therefore , she has to M read food labels carefully.
3. ou should delete this sentence from Y your essay. Its unnecessary. 4. have no idea why I cant I Internet at the moment. 5. id he D
access
the
Due to / a computing error, the January 3. Because of electricity bills were incorrect.
deny
that he had been cheating? 1. is friends / friends jacket is very expensive. H 2. Its / Its going to rain soon.
6. hey offer good prices on all the cruise ships in T fleet . their
30
Unit 3
progress check units 1-3

Vocabulary
1. omplete the sentences with the words and C expressions below.
Grammar
3. omplete the sentences so that they have C a similar meaning to the original. Make any necessary changes.
shortcuts landfills emerged devices exposed delete fool making a mountain out of a molehill tip of the iceberg social-networking sites 1. ome combinations of computer keyboard keys S shortcuts can be used as quick to delete add or text. 2. nfortunately, computer scams and hoaxes u fool a lot of people, and the scams we know about are only the tip of the iceberg . 3. ew facts about the businessmans crimes have N emerged in recent days, and details about his private life have also been exposed . 4. obile phones, computers and other electronic M devices shouldnt be disposed of landfills in . 5. think that those who say its dangerous to meet I people through social-networking are making a mountain . sites
1. Have you watered the plants? Have the plants
been watered
2. This is the first time Ive eaten Thai food.
ve I
/ have never eaten Thai food before . already begun by the time . we arrived
3. e got to the concert after it began. W The concert had
4. omplete the passage with the correct form of C the verbs in brackets.
out of a molehill
2. omplete the passage with the verbs below. C There may be more than one correct answer.
forward post take catch We do things so fast online that we dont always stop to think before we 1. forward an e-mail containing a post silly joke to a friend or 2. new messages or pictures on our Facebook page. Next time, pause for a moment. Is your friend studying so much that he / she catch his / her breath? Then you can hardly 3. may not want to bother him / her with an unnecessary e-mail. Did you 4. take / post a photo of someone that might embarrass them? Then perhaps its better not to put it on your Facebook page, as its difficult to know catch sight of it. Remember: think who will 5. before you click.
be blog identities (should / be) private? Thats the question many people 2. have been asking (ask) since August 2009. A judge 3. made in New York (make) Google reveal the name of a blogger who, in one of her blog entries, 4. had insulted (insult) model Liskula Cohen. Many people 5. were angered (anger) by this decision, which 6. was considered (consider) to be a threat to free speech. I 7. would have agreed (would / agree) with the judges verdict, but the blogger 8.hadnt threatened (not threaten) Cohen in any way, said one New York lawyer. But other people celebrated the judges decision as a reminder that people 9. shouldnt be (should not / allow) to write allowed whatever they want anonymously. Whats your opinion on the matter?
1.
Should
writing
5. ewrite the run-on sentences below with R suitable connectors. Make any necessary changes. There may be more than one correct answer.
1. want to go on holiday this summer, I need to I earn some money. 2. e took umbrellas, it didnt rain. W
I want to go on holiday this summer, so I need to earn some money. We took umbrellas but it didnt rain / even though it didnt rain. I was upset and embarrassed.
3. was upset, I was also embarrassed. I
31
Sense It
Across 1. stay in the same place
4
2
2. omplete the sentences with the words and C phrases below.
accurate mouth-watering tough nasty weird all the rage
tough 1. The exercise class was too for me. Ill have to find an easier one.
2. I dont like high heels, even though theyre all the rage now. 3. Instructions must be 4. She said some me last night. Shed better apologise. 5. That story is too
accurate . nasty things to
Vocabulary
1. omplete the puzzle using the clues below. C
weird to be true. 6. The bakery is full of mouth-watering cakes

and biscuits.
1. This pattern smells / looks great. 2. This song / book has no rhythm. 3. Residents complain about the bad / loud odours from the factory. 4. My only purchase was a laptop / toothache. 5. Theres a new exhibit Id like to eat at / see. 6. I love the scent of lemons, although I dont like to eat / smell them.
4. ake as many logical pairs by combining the M adjectives and nouns below.
4. speak in an extremely soft voice 6. look at intently for a period of time 7. cause something to happen Down 2. move closer 3. smell bad 5. keep something for the future 6. move ones hand gently on something
1
e m a i n s p t p 4 w h i s p e r 5 s o n 6 s t a r e t k t c o 7 t r i g g e r h o e k e
r
3
Adjectives: tasty bright pale faint smooth 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 0. 1
Nouns: skin hair meal material colour noise
tasty meal bright colour bright material pale colour pale skin pale material faint noise smooth skin smooth material smooth hair
32
Unit 4
5. omplete the passage with the words and phrases below. C
bitter all the rage accurate savoury flavour trigger take advantage of
Umami The Fifth Taste
bitter Tastes used to be categorised into four categories: sweet, salty, sour and 1. 2. accurate list must include a fifth taste umami. This refers to the rich and 3. foods, like Parmesan cheese, have.
. But now, any
savoury taste some
Umami was first identified in the early 1900s by Japanese researchers who traced its source to seaweed, long used in Japanese cooking to give extra 4. flavour to food. Umami cookery is 5. all the rage these days, take and it may even have health benefits. For instance, people can 6. umami to lower their salt advantage of intake. Moreover, people who eat umami-rich diets tend to eat fewer calories. The reason for this is believed to be that umami-poor food leaves people dissatisfied, which will 7. trigger the desire to eat more.
6. he following sentences dont make sense. Make them logical by replacing the phrasal verbs in bold T with the correct phrasal verb in bold from a different sentence. Make any necessary changes.
1. Looking at those old photos started up a lot of happy memories. 2. Our school set off a website last year.
brought back
set up
3. At first, he started over as a painter, but for the past 30 years, hes done mainly sculpture. started out 4. I didnt like my drawing in art class, so I decided to set up. 5. The loud noise brought back the alarm.
start over bring along started up
set off
6. I want to set Paul back to the party tonight. I think hell have fun. 7. She started out her first business when she was 15 years old.
8. When the tennis star broke her ankle, it brought her along, and she didnt win a match for over a year.
set back
7. Match each sentence in I with a logical continuation in II. Pay attention to the underlined words.
II
1. She ignores everything I say. 2. We rarely agree about politics. 3. They moved abroad three years ago. 4. She has to learn not to treat people so rudely. 5. Thats a stupid idea. 6. They rarely eat dessert.
3 5 6 1 4
a. But we keep in touch with each other. b. Wheres their common sense? c. They dont have much of a sweet tooth. d. It just goes in one ear and out the other. e. omeone should give her a taste of her own S medicine.
2 f. We simply dont see eye to eye.
8. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.
1. A recent purchase I made was Accept 2. I was in a bad mood because
all logical and grammatically correct answers.
. . . . . . . .
3. It goes in one ear and out the other when adults tell teens 4. In my opinion, a pleasant aroma is 5. I once saw an exhibit of 6. Id like to start up a 7. I think its disgusting when 8. I once stared at someone who
33
Grammar
1. omplete the sentences with the reporting C verbs below. There may be more than one correct answer.
3. Complete the sentences in reported speech.
Ive never surfed before. 1. He admitted that he
denied complained advised asked warned suggested reminded refused wondered
had never surfed
asked me why I was in a bad mood. 2. David reminded me that the meeting was in
1. Sharon an hour. 3. Marcy refused to volunteer because she was too busy.
before
Im having my driving test today.
4. Carolyn wondered / whether the city bus tour asked was worth taking.
denied eating all the biscuits. 6. The security guard asked / us not to lean warned
5. The boy over the fence. 7. She complained that the film was boring.
2. He told me that
he was having his driving test that day

Whos been wearing my clothes?
advised / 8. Steve suggested trying the new Mexican restaurant.

9. My dad advised me to print two copies of my application.
2. omplete the sentences in reported speech. C
1. Its fine. Ill let you borrow my camera for the weekend.
3. Lucy demanded to know who
had been
wearing her clothes

Ill help you when the programmes finished.
to let Sara agreed camera for the weekend.

Mark promised that he anyone. She wondered where I
me borrow her
2. I promise that I wont tell anyone.
wouldnt tell
3. Where are you going?
was going
. 4. Joe said he would
4. Ive been waiting here for you for an hour! Robert complained that he had there for me for an hour.
been waiting
help me when the programme was finished

I cant wait until the new bike lane is built.
5. I may travel to London next weekend. Miranda mentioned that she might travel to London the following weekend. Jason told me that he had Danny suggested
6. Ive finally made a decision. 7. You should add more salt.
finally made . a decision

more salt.
adding / that I add
5. He said he
couldnt wait until the new bike lane was built
34
Unit 4
4. ewrite the sentences in reported speech. R There may be more than one correct answer. 6. Correct the errors.
1. Bess told to me that she used to play the guitar. 2. I asked my sister that if I could borrow her coat. 3. They wondered whether did I liked horror films. 4. Sam suggested that we ate at a restaurant.
1. What time is it? Libby asked her mum.
Libby asked her mum what time it was.
Bess told me that she used to play the guitar.
2. You should tell Sam how you feel, my best friend advised me. 3. Will you have time to go to the supermarket today? my mother asked me.
I asked my sister if I could borrow her coat.
My best friend advised me to tell Sam how I felt.
They wondered whether I liked horror films.
Sam suggested eating at a restaurant / My mother asked me if / whether I would that we eat at a restaurant. have time to go to the supermarket that day. 5. The lifeguard warned us didnt swim there. 4. Dont sit on the grass, the young woman The lifeguard warned us not to swim warned them. there. The young woman warned them not to sit on the grass. 7. ranslate the sentences. T 5. I didnt have enough time to finish the work, Barbara complained. 6. Everyone has to write an essay about the book, the teacher explained.
Barbara complained that she hadnt had enough time to finish the work. The teacher explained that everyone had to write an essay about the book.
Tim explic que aquella cancin siempre le traa a la memoria recuerdos felices de su niez.
2. ome customers wanted to know where that S pleasant smell came from.
1. im explained that that song always brought T back happy childhood memories.
5. omplete the e-mail with the correct form of C the verbs in brackets.
3. told Angie not to bother me because I was in a I bad mood. 4. um advised Dad to approach his boss about a M holiday. 5. hey warned me not to walk alone at night in T that city.
Algunos/as clientes/as queran saber de dnde vena aquel agradable olor. Le dije a Angie que no me molestara porque yo estaba de mal humor.
Jessica@gmail.com
Dear Jessica, I ran into Ben Smithson at the hospital today. He looked pretty upset. He told me that he 1. was visiting (visit) his cousin, who had an infected cut on her foot. I asked him how that 2. had happened (happen), and he explained that a few days before, she 3. had stepped (step) on broken glass on the beach and 4. hadnt felt (not feel) it. I asked how 5.couldnt have felt she (could / not feel) it. He explained that she was born with a rare genetic disorder that made it impossible for her to feel pain. meant He also pointed out that it 6. (mean) that she didnt always know when she was injured or ill. I asked whether there 7. was (be) any cure for the disorder, and Ben said that researchers 8. were making (make) progress in understanding it, but that he would be also thought it 9. (be) quite a long time before a cure was found. Ill keep you posted. Annie
Mam le aconsej a pap que abordase a su jefe/a acerca de unas vacaciones. Me advirtieron que no caminara solo/a de noche en aquella ciudad.
Grammar review
8. omplete the sentences with the correct form C of the verbs in brackets.
1. You should have let (should / let) Dave drive your car last night, my father said. 2. He complained that the research he had been doing (do) for the past year was becoming boring.
has been learning 3. Jeffrey (learn) to sail since June and is about to buy a boat.
4. Katie called and said that they wouldnt begin (not begin) dinner until we got there. Its nice that theyre going to wait for us. 5. We had been sitting (sit) in the dark for an hour by the time the electricity came back on.
35
readinG
1. can the text and find the following S information:
Sensing Danger
After many earthquakes, there are reports of miraculous animal survival and of behaviour that, in hindsight, seemed to predict the disaster. For example, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which was triggered by an enormous undersea earthquake, killed more than 200,000 people in over ten countries. However, surprisingly few wild animals perished, because most managed to make it to safety. Soon after the tsunami, stories circulated about weird animal behaviour that had been witnessed prior to it, including nocturnal bats flying in the daytime, dogs acting nervously and an elephant fleeing a beach. In Japan, California and other earthquake regions, pet owners often claim that their pets become extremely agitated prior to an earthquake. Can animals, in fact, predict impending natural disasters? Not really. It is more accurate to say that because of strong senses, especially hearing and smell, some animals can detect very subtle changes in their environment better than people can. Some may also be alerted to danger through an ability to detect electromagnetic changes in the atmosphere. In addition, many species are known to have sophisticated communication systems, which are also observed and reacted to by other species. When a monkey, for instance, sees a predator and expresses a danger signal to its social group, other animals will react to it. Many researchers believe that it is reasonable to assume that similar interactions exist when theres danger from natural disasters as well. However, despite animals apparent early warning systems, many scientists doubt that studying them will improve our ability to predict earthquakes and tsunamis. But a few researchers, especially in China and Japan, disagree and regularly monitor animal behaviour in earthquake zones. Theyre convinced that it will eventually prove invaluable in improving our ability to predict earthquakes, and perhaps other natural disasters. In the meantime, it wouldnt hurt to keep an eye on your dog or cat.
2004 2. the number of countries affected over ten 3. places in danger of earthquakes Japan and California
1. the year the tsunami occurred
2. Read the text and choose the correct answer.
1. The elephant mentioned in the article ... . a. made dogs nervous b. fled from the beach just after the tsunami c. was seen fleeing to the beach d. left the beach moments before the tsunami 2. ome animals are very sensitive to subtle S environmental changes because ... . a. they see better than people b. of their strong electromagnetic senses c. they dont hear or smell well d. some of their senses are more highly developed than peoples senses
3. ind words in the text that mean: F
1. understanding something after it has occurred hindsight (paragraph 1)
perished 3. extremely nervous (paragraph 2) agitated zones 4. areas (paragraph 5)

2. died (paragraph 2)
4. Answer the questions according to the text.
1. What was peculiar about the bats behaviour?
They were flying during the day.
2. How do some pets behave before an earthquake?
Theyre extremely agitated.
3. What happens when a monkey alerts its group to danger?
Other animals react to it.
4. Why are scientists in Japan and China studying the behaviour of animals in earthquake regions?
They believe it will improve our ability to predict earthquakes.
36
Unit 4
writinG
1. dd a suitable adverb of degree and a suitable adverb A of frequency to each sentence below. Do not use the same adverb more than once.
your task
rite a description of a school event. W Write 100-150 words.
describe a school eVent

1. hink of a school event youd like to write T about. The following are some possibilities:
1. Ann, who is committed to being a vegetarian, eats meat.
Ann, who is completely committed to being a vegetarian, never eats meat.

2. This shop isnt so busy, but today its crowded because of the sale.
- a sports day - a party - celebration or event for a local, regional or a religious holiday - a musical or theatrical performance - a class visit to a museum or historical site
This shop isnt usually so busy, but today its very crowded because of the sale.

2. ewrite the sentences by moving the adverb or R adverbial phrase.
2. hink of aspects of the event that you can T describe. Consider things such as:
- tmosphere a - ounds s - astes t

- weather - audience
1. Ive only read the first chapter because Ive been busy. 2. I noticed the Eiffel Tower walking along the street. 3. You can almost buy anything online.
Because Ive been busy, Ive only read the first chapter. Walking along the street, I noticed the Eiffel Tower. You can buy almost anything online. John pays nearly 800 a month for rent.
- participants
3. hink of the opinion you would like to T express about the event. Use positive and negative adjectives, and adverbs of frequency and degree. 4. ecide which ideas to include in your essay. D Organise your ideas. Use the model in Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.
4. John nearly pays 800 a month for rent.
3. ead the essay below and circle adjectives that R describe what the writer sees, hears and smells. Then circle adverbs that modify verbs and adjectives.
Plan
Celebrating Musicals in New York On a sunny Sunday afternoon last September, I was in Times Square, in New York City, for Broadway on Broadway, a free outdoor event featuring songs and dances from over 20 musicals. I usually dont enjoy crowded events, but this one was really wonderful! Thousands of people, laughing and talking, filled the square. The festive atmosphere was enhanced by mouth-watering aromas of hot dogs and roasted nuts from nearby carts. Suddenly, there was a burst of loud music from the orchestra, and the show began. It was an amazing two hours of dramatic singing and colourful costumes. Sometimes, the audience sang along they actually sounded pretty good. Enormous speakers and video screens meant that nobody missed a thing. During the last song, millions of small, colourful pieces of confetti floated down on the crowd, and we all caught some in our hands. It was a magical ending! This event is always held in September, so if youre ever in New York then, dont miss it!
O pening: State what the event was and when and where it took place. Give a personal opinion. B ody: escribe the event in detail. D Closing: Sum up the event and your opinion.
5. Write a first draft. 6. se the checklist to check your work. U Then write a final draft. ChECklIST
I followed the plan for a description of an event. I used a rich variety of adjectives and adverbs. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation. I used adverbs and adverbial phrases correctly.

37

Vocabulary
1. omplete the sentences with the words C below.
Grammar
3. Complete the sentences in reported speech.
firm rhythm odour mood pattern purchase 1. The shop is giving a free watch with every purchase of over 20. 2. Dont speak to Sally today. Shes in a bad mood . 3. She works for the largest law the city.
1. Where have you been? in My dad asked me where Emily suggested trying The vet warned us not
I had been
2. You should try the lasagne here.
3. Dont let your dog eat chocolate. 4. Youre interrupting me!
the lasagne there / . that I try the lasagne there to let our dog eat chocolate
.
firm
Susan complained that I was
interrupting her .
4. The pattern on these shirts resembles flowers. 5. The drummer in a band keeps the
rhythm .
6. Cigarette smoke always leaves behind a strong odour .

2. atch each sentence in I with a logical M continuation in II. Pay attention to the underlined words.
4. ewrite the sentences using the words in R brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. Have you booked your plane ticket? Diana wanted to know. (whether) 2. The meat should be cooked for at least an hour, Christine told me. (advised)
Diana wanted to know whether I had booked my plane ticket. Christine advised me to cook the meat for at least an hour. Andrew refused to sing in front of everyone.
I 1. You dont have to whisper. 2. Im sorry I was staring at you. 3. Youll have to start over. 4. Something stinks. 5. You should take advantage of everything here. 6. We started up the company a year ago. 7. Dont be afraid to stroke him. 8. I was too nervous to approach him. II as someone so famous.
3. Im not going to sing in front of everyone, Andrew told me. (refused)
4. Eileen wont be here until later, Sam informed us. (told)
Sam told us that Eileen wouldnt be there until later.
writing
5. omplete the sentences with a suitable C adverb.
8 a. ut it was exciting to be in the same room B 4 7 2 6 5 3 1

b. The smell is making me ill. c. Hes a friendly cat. d. You look very familiar to me. e. So far, it hasnt been successful. f. Theres a lot to do in this city. g. forgot to push the record button. I h. Nobody else can hear us.
1. Im almost certain that the train leaves at 2.00. Ive checked the timetable three times. 2. He rarely goes abroad. I dont think hes been out of the country for at least three years.
Possible Answers
very angry with Laura. She read my 3. Im diary and told everyone about it. often eats salad, but my dad 4. My mum doesnt like vegetables at all.
38
Unit 4
Progress check units 1-4

Vocabulary
1. rite T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. W Correct the false sentences.
Grammar
T 1. hen something is accurate, its correct. W

F 2. hen a sound is deafening, it cant be heard. W When a sound is deafening it can be heard. T 3. hen something is banned, its not allowed. W

believe (believe) a cure will be found (find) soon. didnt understand 2. For a few months, I (not
1. Researchers for deafness understand) why Gill wasnt responding to my e-mails. It turned out that I had been sending (send) e-mails to her old address. 3. Ever since they lowered their prices, their sales have increased (increase). In are fact, orders no longer being taken (take) for some of the laptops because they are sold out.
F 4. hen something goes in one ear and out W

F 5. hen something is controversial, it causes W

When something goes in one ear and out the other, someone isnt paying attention. When something is controversial, it causes much disagreement.
no disagreement.
the other, someone is paying attention.
2. omplete the passage with suitable words and C phrases below.
user-friendly available bright overwhelmed devoted device portable faint fleet shortcut Vision restoration used to be a fantasy. But now, thanks to technological and medical advances, several research teams are 1. devoted to working on a process that will make it a reality. This process involves inserting electrodes into the eyes, and using glasses equipped with a miniature video camera and a small 2. device called a video processor. Whatever the camera sees is sent to the video processor. The video processor then transmits those signals to the electrodes, which send them to the brain. This system is currently being tested on nearly 40 patients in the USA, Mexico and Europe. Some of the people dont think that the lightweight, 3. portable equipment is particularly 4.user-friendly as it requires a lot of , practice to use it properly. But nearly all of the patients are already able to see things they couldnt see bright lights or a 6. faint before, like 5. outline of a person or object. Researchers are definitely encouraged by this and estimate that within 20 years, various cures for blindness will be readily 7. available .
1. It started raining yesterday morning and its still raining. (since) 2. How much did your phone cost? Jeff asked. (Ron) 3. Everyone thinks that the plan is impractical. (thought)
It has been raining since yesterday morning.
Jeff asked Ron how much his phone had cost. The plan is thought to be impractical. We should have brought a bottle of water.
4. We made a mistake by not bringing a bottle of water. (should) 5. Ive been considering going to art college, Debbie said. (mentioned)
Debbie mentioned that she had been considering going to art college.
writing
Possible Answers
5. omplete the sentences with a suitable word or C phrase.
1. You have to buy a new Travelcard this one has expired.
because
2. In order to get physically fit, John has started going to a gym. 3. Hes totally involved in his new project, and hasnt got time for anything else.
39
Families
3. omplete the captions with the expressions C below.
fight back turn ... into get to push ... around break up 1 Could you
into
me a basketball star?
turn
Vocabulary
1. he following sentences dont make sense. T Make them logical by replacing the words and phrases in bold with the correct word or phrase in bold from a different sentence.
I decided to fight back this time!
1. y aunt is self-centred. Im so excited that shes M going to have a baby! pregnant 2. hank you for everything youve done for me. T Im very jealous. grateful 3. y mums only nephew is her twin brother. M sibling 4. es an only child, but hes been dating H someone for quite a while. single 5. he girl was pregnant because everyone was T paying attention to the baby. jealous 6. m single. I dont have brothers or sisters. I 3 I dont have to do it! You cant me around !
push
an only child
7. oure grateful. Youre not interested in other Y people! self-centred 8. love being an uncle. I spoil my sibling by buying I him a lot of toys. nephew
When do I
get to
play?
1. We cheered when we saw our good / bad marks. 2. usan is a widow. Her husband / brother was S killed in a car crash. 3. The decision / goal was made by the referee. 4. Lets take a break and go back to work / relax. 5. like all my relatives. Im lucky to have such I a nice family / nice neighbours. 6. pouses are invited to the party at my mums S office, so my dad / I will go with her. 5 I think Sally and Paul are going to break up .
40
Unit 5
4. omplete the sentences with the correct form C of the words below. 6. omplete the e-mail with the correct form of C the words and phrases below.
marry frustrate lose prefer sense interest construct manage 1. his maths problem is frustrating ! T I cant work it out. 2. n some cultures, it is traditional for a I married woman to wear a gold or silver ring. 3. hats not a sensible thing to do! T In fact, I think its quite stupid. 4. like both chocolate and vanilla ice cream. I I dont have a preference .
brother-in-law grow apart get along niece cousin bond break up
Shelly@gmail.com
Hi Shelly, This was supposed to be a nice family holiday in the country, but things arent going well so far. My sister and her husband, my 1. brother-in-law Bob, arent 2. getting along , and their arguments are making everyone uncomfortable. They used to bond have a strong 3. , but for some reason, theyve 4. grown apart recently. I break up dont think they want to 5. , but theyd better resolve their problems soon because their arguments are affecting their daughter. In fact, niece this morning, my 6. told me that she doesnt want to get married. Isnt that sad? I hope that everything is calmer by Saturday for my great-grandfathers 80th birthday party. Some 7. cousins who are around my age are coming too, so I hope itll be a fun day. And by the way, how are my cats? I miss them and Im so glad youre looking after them! Love, Gill
manager ? 6. y little brother loves to construct M

5. hats the name of the office W towers with wooden building blocks. 7. Lost in shelters. dogs often end up
8. es a very interesting man, and he tells H fascinating stories about his past.
5. atch each sentence in I with a logical M continuation in II. Pay attention to the underlined words.
1. Ellen doesnt take after her mum. 2. Steve and David were raised in small villages. 3. This has nothing to do with Sue or Emma. 4. They had to settle for a one-room flat. 5. They nodded in agreement. 6. They didnt flee the area. 7. hey found ancient pottery that had been T buried thousands of years ago. 8. They smiled and faked it. II
1. would feel sad if I ever grew apart from I 3. One of my favourite relatives is 2. People sometimes say I take after
. . .
3 4 7 6 5 2 8 1
a. They dont even know about it. b. They couldnt afford anything bigger. c. It was very deep in the ground. d. nstead, they stayed to help after the I earthquake. e. Thats how I knew they approved. f. When they were 18, they both left home. g. But I knew they werent having a good time. h. Theyre not at all alike.
4. I have inherited 5. hen someone tries to push me around, I W
. .
6. hen I take a break from studying, I like to W . 7. heres a strong bond between me and T .
41
Grammar
1. omplete the passage with the relative pronouns below. C There may be more than one correct answer.
where which that who when whose More Than a Meal
when the whole Family meals, a time 1. family gets together, are disappearing in many homes. Between parents 2. who / that work long whose after-school hours and children 3. timetables are filled with homework, friends, sport and other activities, its often difficult for everyone to sit down together at the same time. However, some experts say the effort should be made. To begin with, a 1996 study found that family meals 4. that /which included lively conversation promoted language development in young children. Furthermore, mealtimes can be a time for a family to bond through shared food and conversation. This may partly explain the results of two studies 5.which / that were conducted in the USA in 2004 and involved more than 5,000 young people between the ages of 11 and 18. Both studies found a connection between frequent family where meals and higher marks, as well as lower rates of depression, alcohol and drug abuse. In fact, in homes 6. two or fewer meals each week were eaten as a family, young people were nearly twice as likely to abuse drugs and alcohol as their peers 7. who / that frequently ate with their families.
2. omplete the sentences with a suitable relative pronoun. Add commas where necessary. There may C be more than one correct answer. In which sentences can you omit the relative pronoun?
that 1. The play
/ which I saw last night was written by a teenager. 2. rnold Schwarzenegger A , who became famous as the star of the Terminator films ,
is the governor of California. 3. The week before exams is always a time
when
I spend hours in the library.
, 4. Im reading about Steve Jobs

5. Lets go to a nice place 6. Ellen ,
who was one of the founders of Apple Computers. where we can have coffee and dessert.
whose
father is a TV reporter is studying journalism at university. ,
7. The sunglasses
which / I bought on sale are the best pair Ive ever had. that The relative pronoun can be omitted in sentences 1 and 7.
3. ewrite the sentences with the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the R sentences.
1. This is Linda. You will be working with her. (who)
This is Linda, who you will be working with. I took a message for my sister, who was in the shower. He downloads the songs that he gets for free online. Im looking forward to next week, when well be on holiday. The company, which was established in 1995, has been particularly successful since 2004. / The company, which has been particularly successful since 2004, was established in 1995.
2. I took a message for my sister. She was in the shower. (who) 3. He downloads the songs. He gets them free online. (that) 4. Im looking forward to next week. Well be on holiday then. (when) 5. The company was established in 1995. It has been particularly successful since 2004. (which)
42
Unit 5
4. ombine the sentences with defining or nonC defining relative clauses. Add commas where necessary. Leave out the relative pronoun where possible. 6. orrect the errors. C
1. he band that it first sang this song was My T Chemical Romance. 2. live oil is used in many countries, where it has O been produced for ages there. 3. ts hard to find a friend who you can rely on him. I 4. ttawa, in where I was born, is in Canada. O
1. ere going to Chicago in December. It will be W very cold then.
The band that first sang this song was My Chemical Romance. Olive oil is used in many countries, where it has been produced for ages.
Were going to Chicago in December, when it will be very cold.

2. teve is always taking photographs. He wants to S become a professional photographer one day.
Steve, who is always taking photographs, wants to become a professional photographer one day. / Steve, who wants to become a professional photographer one day, is always taking photographs.
3. ere is the brochure about the holiday resort. H We might go to it.
Its hard to find a friend who you can rely on.
Ottawa, where I was born, is in Canada.
5. id is being provided to families whose their A homes were destroyed in the flood.
Here is the brochure about the holiday resort that / which we might go to. / Here is the brochure about the holiday resort where we might go.
4. ues father is Japanese. Sue visits Japan every S July.
Aid is being provided to families whose homes were destroyed in the flood.
Sue, whose father is Japanese, visits Japan every July.

5. er car was a gift from her parents. It was H stolen.
1. he issue we are discussing has nothing to do T with you. 2. ou must be grateful to the people who have Y always supported you.
El asunto que estamos discutiendo / del que estamos hablando no tiene nada que ver contigo. Debes estar agradecido/a a la gente que siempre te ha apoyado. Mi prima Jane, que es hija nica, tiene mucha confianza en s misma. O por causalidad la conversacin que mis padres estaban teniendo en la habitacin de al lado. Jimmy, cuyos padres murieron en un accidente de coche, fue criado por sus familiares.
Her car, which was a gift from her parents, was stolen. / Her car, which was stolen, was a gift from her parents.
5. ombine the sentences using both the formal C structure and the informal structure. Use correct punctuation.
3. y cousin Jane, who is an only child, has plenty M of self-confidence. 4. overheard the conversation which my parents I were having in the next room. 5. immy, whose parents died in a car accident, was J raised by his relatives.
1. icole introduced me to the man. She had been N talking to him.
Nicole introduced me to the man to whom she had been talking. informal: Nicole introduced me to the man who she had been talking to.
formal: 2. urricane Katrina was a natural disaster. I am H writing a report about it.
Grammar review
8. hoose the correct answer. C
Hurricane Katrina was a natural disaster about which I am writing a report. informal: Hurricane Katrina was a natural disaster which I am writing a report about.
formal: 3. he letter has just been delivered. I have been T waiting for it. formal:
1. e took a break after we has been studying / W had been studying / were studying for hours. 2. teve denied being / to be / to have been S responsible for the error. 3. m so tired. I shouldnt have / couldnt have / I wouldnt have stayed up so late last night. 4. m nervous about next week, when / that / I where I have three exams. 5. olin and Teri have been engaged / C were engaged / are engaged since April.
The letter for which I have been waiting has just been delivered. letter which I have been waiting for has just been delivered.
informal: The
43
readinG
1. ead the opening sentence in the text. R What can you infer from it?
All i n th e FAm ily

When I think about how my life will be after I finish school, I cant help thinking about how things might be if I had a different family . If my parents were small-business owners, I could aspire to be the son in one of those companies with names like Smith & Sons. Wherever I go, Im noticing this on signs all over London. Ive even seen a Dudley Singleton & Daughter, for an estate agents firm. If my parents were media tycoons, I might have a realistic chance of running a newspaper or television station. The respected newspaper The new York Times has been controlled by generations of the same family for more than a century. And some of the children of Rupert Murdoch founder and head of a worldwide media company have held key positions in their fathers businesses. Note to Mr Murdoch: if youd like to adopt a teenager, Im available! If my parents were actors, Im sure I could be a famous film star like many of the actors today. Ben Stillers parents were a comedy duo for years; Kate Hudsons mother is actress Goldie Hawn; Michael Douglas father is actor Kirk Douglas. Drew Barrymore comes from a long line of American actors, and Joely Richardson is part of a distinguished British acting dynasty that includes her mum, Vanessa Redgrave, and grandfather, Sir Michael Redgrave. In these cases, talent seems to be in the blood! If my parents were in the music business, I might be a singer like Enrique Iglesias, the son of world-famous singer Julio Iglesias. On the other hand, John Lennons sons, Julian and Sean, have released CDs, but have fallen far short of the success of their Beatle father to whom theyre inevitably compared. Obviously, family connections can help. But we shouldnt ignore the fact that success requires drive, ability, talent and, of course, some luck no matter who your family is.
a. The writer has finished school. b. he writer hasnt finished school. T
2. ead the rest of the text and choose the R correct answer.
1. he New York Times ... . T a. is owned by Rupert Murdoch b. was owned by a different family a century ago c. is an important part of Murdochs company d. as been run for over 100 years by one h family 2. Joely Richardson ... . a. b. c. d. is Vanessa Redgraves granddaughter belongs to a well-known acting family in Britain is part of a famous American acting family is Sir Michael Redgraves daughter
3. ind words or expressions in the text that F mean the opposite of:
1. unlikely, improbable (paragraph 3) 2. minor (paragraph 3) 3. achieved a goal (paragraph 5)
realistic key fallen short
4. ind words or phrases in the text that mean F the same as:
duo 2. inherited, genetic (paragraph 4) in the blood drive 3. determination (paragraph 6)

1. pair (paragraph 4)
5. omplete the sentences according to the text. C
1. udley Singleton & Daughter is an example of D
a father and son / daughter small business . been as 2. Julian and Sean Lennon have not successful as their father in the music . business

44
Unit 5
writinG
1. hoose two correct answers for each question. C
your task
rite a narrative about a friend. W Write 100-150 words.
writinG a narratiVe
1. rainstorm the events in your narrative. Try B to include a problem or conflict. 2. ecide whether or not the problem will be D resolved. If so, how? If not, how will your story end? 3. rganise your ideas. Use the model in O Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.
1. s soon as / Eventually / As time went on, Alan and I A lost touch with each other. 2. Before / From the start / At first, I didnt like Elliot. 3. e saw Mikes new flat while / when / during we were W in London. 4. iana had finished tidying up by the time / before / D until I got home. 5. ventually / All of a sudden / Suddenly, a door E slammed somewhere in the house.
2. omplete the sentences with the correct form of the C verbs in brackets. Make certain that the verbs agree with the subject of the sentence.
Plan
1. y favourite kind of novels M
is
(be) mysteries.
Opening: escribe the setting and introduce D the main characters. Body: elate the events in the story, R including a problem or conflict. Closing: ell how the story ends. T
4. Write a first draft. 5. se the checklist to check your work. U Then write a final draft. ChECkLIsT
2. ach of us needs (need) to buy different things, so E lets meet after we shop. 3. sually, a small minority of survey respondents U give (give) dishonest answers. 4. ice and beans R
taste
(taste) good together.
3. omplete the narrative with suitable expressions C of time and sequence. There may be more than one correct answer.
I followed the plan for a narrative. I used a variety of expressions of time and sequence. I used correct subject/verb agreement. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation.
The PerfecT GIfT Possible Answers for as long as I can remember, my parents have given me disappointing birthday presents things like shirts, jeans and trainers, instead of rollerblades and video At first games.1. , when I was younger, I complained, but it didnt do any good. 2. As time went on , I gave up, and my parents bad choices of birthday gifts became a family joke. Thats why last Monday morning, on my 17th birthday, As soon as I had no expectations. 3. I walked into the kitchen, my parents said, happy birthday! 4. All of a sudden , my mum handed me a present. The size and shape of the box made me think trainers. Thanks! Great! I said, faking more enthusiasm than I felt. Try them on, my mum When suggested. 5. I lifted up one shoe, I noticed something inside it. It was an iPhone. I was so shocked I couldnt speak. My dad said, I think we 6. finally got you something you want!

45

Vocabulary
Grammar
4. omplete the passage with a suitable relative C pronoun.
1. was raised in Montreal, Canada. I lived there I until I was two / twenty. 2. e dont usually get along, but last night we W had a good time together / an argument. 3. ane settled for 5 per hour, which was exactly / J less than what shed asked for. 4. ylvia takes after her grandmother in many ways. S For example, theyre both artists / Sylvia brings her groceries every week. 5. e inherited this watch from his boss / H grandfather. 6. She nodded and said, Youre right / wrong.
2. omplete the sentences with the correct form C of the words and phrases below.
cheer push ... around flee grow apart take a break turn ... into 1. missed American Idol last night. Which singer I did the audience cheer for the most? 2. ed been rehearsing for four hours before we W took a break finally . 3. ed is a bully, and he N around .
when teens and Family holidays, those times 1. parents spend long hours together, can be difficult. whose I speak from experience, as a teen 2. parents insist on a two-week trip every year, preferably one 3.that / which keeps us all very close to each other. Weve even been to isolated beach resorts 4. where weve spent the entire holiday. Im not which have some opposed to family holidays, 5. who benefits including parents 6. pay for everything! I love my parents, but theyre not people whom I want to spend 24 hours a day. with 7. which hurt Theyve finally accepted that fact, 8. their feelings, but it had an effect. For the first time, were planning our holiday together. Were making sure to include plenty of free time 9. that / which we can each spend separately.
5. ombine the sentences with the words in C brackets.
pushes people
1. anine didnt change her opinion on the matter. J We had argued with her for an hour. (whom)
Janine,
4. hey bought a large house and turned it T into a bed-and-breakfast hotel. 5. uckily, they were able to L fire and werent hurt.
2. m looking forward to June. Ill be finished with I school then. (when) 3. Steven lives in Fulton Street. My favourite restaurant is also there. (where)
with whom we had argued for an hour, didnt change her opinion on the matter. Im looking forward to June, when Ill be finished with school. Steven lives in Fulton Street, where my favourite restaurant is.
flee
from the
6. ere such good friends. I hope we never W grow apart .

3. omplete the sentences with the correct form C of the words in brackets.
writing
6. omplete the sentences with a suitable C connector or time expression.
management 1. haron is studying time S (manage).

2. ts an interesting (interest) series. I 3. he airline passengers were frustrated T (frustrate) by the long delay. 4. ould you prefer W or on the patio? (prefer) a table inside
1. At first , Michelle didnt speak French well, but eventually / , she became fluent. 2. had just fallen asleep when the phone I suddenly rang. However, by the time I managed to answer it, the caller had hung up.
as time went on
5. y grandparents are a happily M (marry) couple.
married
46
Unit 5

Vocabulary
1. omplete the sentences with the correct form of C the words in brackets.
Grammar
1. hats the first sensible (sense) idea youve T had all weekend! 2. y parents rarely give each other M (expense) gifts. 3. hes the S
expensive
1. Im not going to watch the DVD because Ive already seen the film twice, explained Cara. (that)
manager (manage) of a small shop. 4. e watched in amazement (amaze) as the W

athlete broke the world record.
Cara explained that she wasnt going to watch the DVD because she had already seen the film twice.
2. ts possible that James flight was delayed by bad I weather. (might)
interested (interest) in old coins? 6. e always receive marvellous (marvel) service at W

5. Are you this restaurant.
2. omplete the passage with suitable words or C expressions below.
James flight might have been delayed by bad weather.

3. cant wait until this weekend. Im going to a U2 I concert. (when)
pressing emerge greenhouse effect break up trend inhabit harmful marriage see eye to eye remain get to launch
I cant wait until this weekend, when Im going to a U2 concert.

4. heyre not designing a new website for our T school until next year. (designed)
get to Once a year, people in Britain 1. learn what their fellow citizens think about a wide range of subjects from politics to environmental concerns, such as the 2. greenhouse thanks to the British Social effect Attitudes Report. Since the first survey, which was done more than 25 years ago, new attitudes have started to 3. emerge about family-related subjects, such 4. marriage and children. For example, there as trend is a strong acceptance of the growing 5. of non-traditional family units. In fact, 66% of people surveyed in 2006 said that they considered legal marriage and living together as virtually the same thing. And 90% of respondents in that same survey appear pressing to 6. see eye to eye on the 7. need for a law that applies to unmarried couples who 8. break up . This law would mean that they must share the same financial obligations as married couples who divorce. Despite these more liberal attitudes about family, it seems that one thing continues remain to 9. the same since the surveys first year: more women than men do household chores such as laundry and cleaning.
A new website for our school wont be designed until next year.
5. The doctor examined Marks eyes yesterday. (had)
Mark had his eyes examined by the doctor yesterday.

6. I regret buying this very expensive watch. (bought)
I shouldnt have bought this very expensive watch.

writing
4. Correct the sentences.
1. enjoy swimming, cooking and to play computer I games. 2. wasnt pleased with my mark in the exam, I I didnt fail. 3. Marta almost speaks perfect English.
I enjoy swimming, cooking and playing computer games. I wasnt pleased with my mark in the exam, although I didnt fail. Marta speaks almost perfect English. Each of the restaurants was expensive.
4. Each of the restaurants were expensive.
47
A Good Buy
Vocabulary
1. omplete the dialogues with the correct form C of the words and phrases below.
2. omplete the puzzle using the clues below. C
Across 3. This shirt is too large, so Id like to smaller size. it for a
4. We dont swimsuits at this time of year, but the sports shop has them all year round. 5. What of shampoo do you use? 6. Theres a huge on gym memberships this month. We can save 40%! 8. If you want to return an item, you must have your . 9. Im sorry you werent satisfied with the product, sir. Ill be happy to give you a full . Down 1. Is rental of the scuba-diving price of the lessons? 2. These shoes are a real included in the
at only 20. .
snap up get rid of afford nag stuff merchandise make excuses on sale overpriced pay the bills make an effort belongings Mark: I had no idea that this shop was so expensive! afford I cant 1. anything, not even the 2. onsale things that are . Rose: Youre right. Everythings terribly 3. overpriced , but it doesnt seem to matter to all of these customers who are 4. snappingup the shops 5. merchandise , especially the sweaters. Mark: I wonder if theyll regret buying them when they have to 6. paythebills at the end of the month.
6. Michelle has a large amount of credit-card 7. I on dessert and ate a huge piece of chocolate cake.
1 3
g e
x c h a n g e r g 5 b r a n d i c o u n t
a r
a r y
e b t s
9
p l u
8
e c e i p t
Mum: I want you to tidy up your room today! Im tired of seeing so many of your 7. belongings on the floor and piled on your chair.
g e d
f u n d
nagging Lucy: I know! You keep 8. me about it! But I dont have anywhere else to put some stuff of that 9. !
Mum: Stop trying to 10. makeexcuses . Im sure youve got things you dont wear or use any more. I suggest that you 11. makeaneffort to look through your things and see what youre willing to 12. getridof . We can donate it to the charity shop, and then youll have plenty of space. Lucy: But, Mum!
48
Unit 6
3. omplete the sentences with the correct form C of do, make or pay. 5. omplete the online consumer column with the C correct form of the words and phrases below.
1. Ill speak with Edna about the problem, but that do might more harm than good. 2. It took Joe quite a while to at his new school.
make
friends
stock up on shop around afford outlet price tag come to merchandise go out of business
paid 3. We a fortune for the concert tickets, but they were worth it.
4. They were in the neighbourhood, so they paid us a visit. 5. We order our groceries online now, so we dont do have to go out to the shopping. 6. Many of my friends now to eat locally-grown food.
Shopping with
do
their best
7. His parents have refused to help him his debts.
pay
1. We had a huge bonfire on the beach / in our flat yesterday. 2. My neighbours a doctor, whose pastime is working in a hospital / painting landscapes. 3. Due to our culture of consumerism, many of us eat / spend more than we should. 4. Some small shopkeepers lost customers when the new supermarket / cinema opened. 5. One of the benefits of living here is being able to enjoy this incredible view / having no view. 6. Ive got too many gadgets. For instance, I dont need three MP3 players / frying pans. 7. The company recently improved the exercise equipment / working conditions in this sweatshop. 8. We were teasing Sam, but he thought we were joking / serious. 9. Every day, thousands of commuters / free newspapers are given out during rush hour in cities all over Europe. 10. It took a long time to pick out a pair of earrings for Laura, but I eventually found the perfect gift for her / helped her get them out of her ears.
For consumers who want designer brands at prices they can 1. afford , the best outlets places to go are 2. . 3. Merchandise ends up there for various reasons. Some items may have small flaws, such as a missing button; others may be from a previous season, or left over odd sizes and colours; others come from small clothing companies that have failed and goneoutof . To fully appreciate the 4. business bargains youre likely to get in an outlet, 5. shoparound and take a look at the 6. pricetags on things in trendy boutiques. Then, make your way to the nearest outlet and 7. stockupon clothing. Youll be pleasantly surprised at how little the final bill 8. comesto .
6. omplete the sentences. Make them true for you. C
Cyndi
1. The gadget I couldnt do without is 2. My favourite pastime is
Acceptalllogicalandgrammatically correctanswers.
. .
3. The most recent bargain I got was . 4. My parents sometimes nag me . 5. The last time I did someone a favour . 6. When someone pays me a compliment, I feel . 7. I once exchanged . 8. When I want to treat myself to something, I splurge on . 9. One of the benefits of living where I do is .
49
Grammar
3. omplete the thought bubbles with a logical C continuation.
Possible Answers
1
hadsmiled (smile), this would 1. If Dave have been a better photo of all of us.
2. It would be more pleasant to shop here if the were sales assistants (be) a bit nicer. 3. If you arrange the furniture differently, the willlook room (look) bigger. 4. Ron cant exchange the DVD unless he has (have) the receipt. 5. I wouldnt have been able to afford this coat if it hadntbeen (not be) on sale. 6. Call me when you at the station. I wish I Ihadtakenthebus 2
arrive
(arrive) If only I hadstudied 3 .
7. You (not buy) the shoes if mustntbuy they arent comfortable.
shouldnt/
is 8. Lets call Lesley. If she at home now, we can pay her a visit.
(be)
9. I would have been angry if I hadntreceived (not receive) a full refund. 10. Mary wont be able to come to the party unless gives someone (give) her a lift.
2. omplete the sentences. Do not change the C original meanings. There may be more than one correct answer.
I wish we 4
hadarrivedearlier
1. Jody hated the film, so she walked out in the middle. If
Jodyhadnthatedthefilm,she wouldnthavewalkedoutinthemiddle .
2. You cant use the pool without being a hotel guest. Unless youreahotelguest,youcantuse
thepool
I wish I hadboughtpetrol 5
3. I think you should buy those sunglasses. If I
wereyou,Idbuythosesunglasses
.
4. Because I know everyone here, Im not too nervous about speaking to the group. If I didntknoweveryonehere,Idbe
nervousaboutspeakingtothegroup
. I wish they wouldturnitdown .
50
Unit 6
4. omplete the passage with the correct form C of the verbs in brackets. 6 . orrect the errors. C
Buy While you Fly

couldbuy If you 1. (buy) Internet access or train tickets during a flight to New would York or London,2. you choose (choose) to do so? Passengers on some flights are already being offered this kind of on-board retail service, and as soon as some minor technological problems with in-flight sales 3. aresolved (solve), theatre and theme 4. maybeoffered park tickets (may offer) 5. turnsout as well. If this (turn out) to be a profitable experiment, theres little doubt that the trend will spread. Passengers interviewed recently at Londons Heathrow Airport expressed varying opinions on the subject. Patricia Lowry, who frequently visits her boyfriend in New York, said, were I wish there 6. (be) Internet 7. would access on all flights. I use definitely (use) it, even if I had to pay a few pounds for it. Robert Jones, a software wouldhate (hate) it if designer, said, I 8. had I 9. (have) to read and respond to work-related e-mails while flying. However, I 10. wouldntmind (not mind) being able to buy a Travelcard for the Underground on board. Whats your opinion? Is there something you wish you 11. hadbought/ (buy) on your last flight? couldhavebought
5. ewrite the sentences with the words in R brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. She wont buy that T-shirt unless they gave her a discount. 2. If it hadnt snowed last night, the roads would havent been slippery. 3. We wish we would go to the sale tomorrow. 4. As soon as Sam will arrive, well go out for dinner. 5. If only we knew the truth yesterday.
ShewontbuythatT-shirtunlesstheygive heradiscount. Ifithadntsnowedlastnight,theroads wouldnthavebeenslippery. Wewishwecouldgotothesaletomorrow. AssoonasSamarrives,wellgooutfor dinner. Ifonlywehadknownthetruthyesterday.
7. Translate the following sentences.
1. Please let me know as soon as you make a decision.
2. If I were you, I would pay back all my debts. 3. I wish I hadnt forgotten my belongings at the airport.
Porfavor,hzmelosaber/avsametan prontocomotomesunadecisin. Siyoestuvieraentulugar/Yo,entu lugar,pagaratodasmisdeudas. Ojalnohubieraolvidadomis pertenenciasenelaeropuerto.
4. We wouldnt have stocked up on olive oil if there hadnt been a sale. 5. If only we could get rid of all these old boxes.
Nohabramoscompradotantoaceitede olivasinohubierahabidounaoferta. Ojal/Sialmenospudiramos deshacernosdetodasestascajasviejas.
IfIhadbroughtmywallet,Icould/wouldhave Grammar review boughtthis./Icould/wouldhaveboughtthisif Ihadbroughtmywallet. 8. hoose the correct answer. C

1. I didnt bring my wallet, so I cant buy this. (if) 2. Its too bad I dont drive. (wish)
IwishIcoulddrive.
3. We arent going to the beach today because its raining. (if)
1. My brother, who / whom / that none of you have met, is finally coming to visit! 2. They had worked / had been working / worked for hours before they finally took a break. 3. Jessica suggested that we went / going / to go to the beach. 4. My muscles hurt! I wish I didnt work out / wouldnt have worked out / hadnt worked out so much yesterday. 5. I cant understand Jim unless he speaks / will speak / would speak slowly.
Ifitwerentraining,wewouldgotothe beach./Wewouldgotothebeachifit werentraining. 4. I hate being so short! (wish) IwishIwerentsoshort.

5. I regret not studying for the exam. (if only)
IfonlyIhadstudiedfortheexam. UnlessGwenturnsdownthemusic,Iwont beabletoconcentrate./Iwontbeableto concentrateunlessGwenturnsdownthemusic.

6. I wont be able to concentrate if Gwen doesnt turn down the music. (unless)
51
readinG
1. ead the text and decide who or what the R words in bold refer to.
WHAT ARE THEY REALLY SELLING YOU?

There seems to be no escape from advertising. Were exposed to it through hoardings, on public transport, in newspapers, magazines, in the cinema, on television and radio, online, and even on some mobile phones. Although the aim of advertising is to sell a product, the message is rarely as simple as, Buy This! Instead, adverts are usually designed to subtly influence a consumer by selling something beyond the product, such as an attitude, a personality, a lifestyle or a feeling of belonging. Think about adverts youve seen recently. Most likely, many of them involve humour or sex appeal two popular approaches. Surprisingly, some advertising professionals say that humour can be more effective than sex appeal, which is perhaps why its estimated to have a role in nearly a third of adverts. Apparently, humour quickly captures our attention and makes the product memorable. Conversely, adverts that rely on sex appeal with, for instance, provocative photos of good-looking men or women often focus peoples attention on the models rather than on the product or brand name. However, for luxury or designer brands, thatis not necessarily a disadvantage. In adverts for high-end products like expensive cars and clothing, sex appeal is often paired with snob appeal. These types of adverts treat the brand as already so well-known, respected and desired, that its unnecessary to try to sell it to the targeted consumers. All thats necessary is to remind them of the privileged lifestyle that the brand represents. Among the other advertising approaches used are celebrity spokespeople (George Clooney selling coffee machines), self-improvement (a favourite in cosmetics adverts), nostalgia (often used for everyday, unexciting products, such as breakfast cereals), and crowd appeal (often used to sell gadgets, by implying that everyone is buying and talking about them). The next time an advertisement touches your emotions, makes you feel envious, or tempts you to buy a product, stop for a moment and analyse why!
advertising adverts 2. them (paragraph 2) usingsexappealfor 3. that (paragraph 3)advertisingluxury/designer brands 4. them (paragraph 3) consumers
1. it (paragraph 1)
2. ind words in the text that mean the F opposite of:
1. in an obvious way (paragraph 1) 2. easy to forget (paragraph 2) 3. in the same way (paragraph 2)
subtly memorable conversely
3. hoose the correct answer according C to the text.
1. Mobile phones are mentioned because ... . a. theyre simple to advertise b. of the way theyre advertised c. adverts are sent to some of them d. they all advertise products 2. Humorous advertisements ... . a. are less effective than adverts with sex appeal b. account for approximately one-third of adverts c. dont succeed in helping people remember a product d. are the third most successful type
4. nswer the questions according to A information in the text.
1. Why is sex appeal not always successful in an advert?
Becauseitfocusespeoplesattention onthemodelsratherthanonthe productorbrandname.
2. What is the message in some adverts for luxury brands?
3. What is breakfast cereal an example of?
Toremindconsumersofthe privilegedlifestylethatthe brandrepresents. Itisanexampleofa productthatsometimesuses nostalgiaasanadvertising approach.
52
Unit 6
writinG
Read the text and summary below. Underline the two unnecessary sentences in the summary.
your task
ummarise the text on page 52. Write 50-70 S words.
writinG a Summary
1. ead the original text carefully and decide R which facts to include. Choose only the main ideas, leaving out less important details, as well as examples. 2. rite this information in one paragraph. W Paraphrase rather than copy the information. Shorten sentences or combine them in order to be more concise. 3. our first attempt will probably be too long. Y Look it over carefully in order to find: a. oints you can delete while still p preserving the main idea. b. laces where you can make your p language more concise.
Faces, Faces, Everywhere Since 1916, Planters Peanuts, a popular American product, has featured a character called Mr Peanut on its product labels and in adverts. For more than a century, advertisements for Tio Pepe have featured a bottle of the product wearing clothes, and those for Michelin, the French tyre, map and guidebook company, have used the Michelin Man who looks as if hes made of tyres. What these, and countless other examples, have in common is that they all present a product with distinctly human characteristics. And that, according to some recent studies, may be part of the reason for their success. One study by researchers from the University of Toronto and the University of Chicago found that people respond most positively to packaging or products which look human. The tendency to see a face in an object is particularly pronounced when it comes to cars. In a recent study, nearly one-third of the participants perceived the fronts of cars as faces, and even saw them as having happy, serious or aggressive expressions. As for why we see human forms and faces in objects and give them human traits, some researchers think the reason is that this evolved as an important survival skill during human development. This caused the brain to eventually become biologically programmed to see faces everywhere. Summary: Both the Michelin Man and a Tio Pepe bottle, dressed like a person, have been used in the companies adverts for over 100 years. Recent research has shown that people react most favourably to products that resemble a person. The study on how people perceived cars was done by researchers from two universities. The tendency to see faces in objects may have developed biologically because being able to recognise and understand facial expressions was crucial for survival as man developed.
4. reader of your summary should be able A to get the main idea of what the article is about. See whether this is true about your summary. If not, have you included enough information? You may have to omit a minor point and add a more important point. 5. ake sure the sentences in your paragraph M follow each other smoothly and make a logical whole. CheCkLIST
I followed the steps for a summary. I included only the main ideas. I paraphrased rather than copied. My summary forms a logical whole. I simplified my sentences where possible. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation.

53

Vocabulary
1. omplete the blog with the words and C phrases below.
Grammar
consumerism pastime overpriced make an effort afford doing their best brands pay their bills Which country do you think has the most fashion-conscious teens: the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil or Britain? According to a recent survey, the answer is Britain, where teens favourite 1. pastime seems to be shopping for clothes. In response to the surveys question of what they would continue to buy even if they couldnt 2. afford it, British teens, more than teens in other countries, chose new clothes. And they are 3. doingtheirto best prove that they mean it. Estimates are that British teens spent over 130 million a week during the summer of 2009 and a good portion of that was on clothing and fashion accessories. Furthermore, other reports have shown that 4. brands are important to British teens, as is being the first to buy the latest styles, even if these fashion items are 5. overpriced . Some teens 6. paytheir with earnings from part-time jobs, but bills in most cases, parents end up paying as well. Perhaps thats why our kids never 7. makean to spend effort less! I think its time that we stopped supporting our childrens dedication to 8.consumerism !
donthave 1. If I for the film tonight, lend
(not have) enough cash will you (lend) me some?
lived 2. I wish I (live) in a big city. Living in the country is boring. willbe (be) tired when she arrives (arrive) tomorrow morning. hadntsold (not sell) my 4. I wish I
3. Jenny motorcycle for so little money. If only I hadwaited (wait) for a better offer!
4. ewrite the sentences with the words in R brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. There may be more than one correct answer.
1. Its a pity you cant come to the bonfire! (if only)
Ifonlyyoucouldcometothebonfire!
2. Its too bad I didnt take more photos of the street markets. (I wish)
3. You wont be able to live within your budget if you dont become more price conscious. (unless) 4. I didnt meet my friends last night because I was too tired to go out. (if)
IwishIhadtakenmorephotosofthe streetmarkets.
Youwontbeabletolivewithinyourbudget unlessyoubecomemorepriceconscious. IfIhadntbeentootiredtogoout, Iwouldhavemetmyfriendslastnight.
1. The groceries were expensive this week. They snapped up / came to / carried 85! 2. Some people stock up on / splurge on / exchange bottled water for an emergency. 3. Suzannes bought a lot of sports debts / gear / belongings over the years. 4. Everything in the shop was on sale / out of bounds / going out of business, so I spent less than I thought I would. 5. My brother is sometimes nagged / picked out / teased because hes not good at football. 6. Some theatres give out / shop around / get rid of coupons for cheap seats.
writing
5. araphrase the sentence below. Use the P words provided, and make any necessary changes.
Shopaholism, a growing problem around the world, affects mainly women, approximately ten per cent of whom are currently estimated to suffer from the condition. shopaholism on the rise affecting approximately ten per cent of women globally
Shopaholismisontherise,affecting approximatelytenpercentofwomen globally.
54
Unit 6

Vocabulary
1. omplete the e-mail with the correct form of C the verbs below. Some verbs are used more than once.
Grammar
3. omplete the passage with the correct form of C the verbs in brackets.
catch make pay do forward charge take go Hi Anne, I remembered to 1. charge my laptop, so I could take it with me to Rosies Caf, where Im sitting now. make an effort to start Im finally going to 2. writing my book report. I guess Im 3. paying the price for putting it off for so long. Youre so lucky to be in New York! It was so nice of take your mum to 4. you by surprise and offer 5. go you the chance to abroad with her on her business trip. Are you 6. taking a million photos? And have you 7. caught sight of any good-looking guys?
buys Imagine one day a year where nobody 1. (buy) anything. Well, thats the aim of Buy Nothing Day, which 2. wascreated(create) in 1991 by the artist Ted Dave. Dave 3. thought (think) of the idea when he 4. realised (realise) the amount of money he 5. hadspent (spend) that year on stuff like cups of coffee and desserts. That 6. started (start) him thinking about consumerism, and he eventually 7. promoted (promote) the idea of Buy Nothing Day.
Since it was first launched, Buy Nothing Day hasbecome (become) a global holiday, with participants and a wide range of activities in numerous countries. If you want to participate in the next Buy Nothing Day, you 9. can/should(look it up) online to lookitup is get details of how it 10. (celebrate) in your celebrated area.
8.
do Ill 8. my best to get by without you for the next four days. LOL. Have fun!
Susie PS Im 9. forwarding an attachment that I think will make you laugh!
2. omplete the sentences with a suitable word C or phrase below.
4. omplete the sentences. Do not change the C original meaning of the sentences.
1. If I dont have to work late, Ill meet you at six.
havetoworklate,Illmeetyou Unless I atsix .

2. Ive been hoping you would call tonight! James told me that hehadbeenhopingthat
make mistakes outrageous deafening engaged set off approach whisper out of bounds mouth-watering fence stare turn out available carry tasty nothing to do with start over fiance
Iwouldcallhimthatnight
3. Theres Lady Gaga! Ive been waiting to see her.
fence around this area because 1. Theres a outof to the public. its
2. So far, Jeff and his anyone that theyre
whoIvebeenwaiting Theres Lady Gaga, tosee .
bounds
fiance havent told engaged .
3. The bands rehearsal was terrible tonight. The singer kept making , so we had to mistakes constantly startover .
writing
5. omplete the sentences with a suitable word C or phrase.
carry 4. Most bookshops dont available online. but theyre
her novels,
mouth5. The soup had a watering aroma, but it tasty . wasnt very
1. My favourite types of books fiction and fantasy novels. 2. Im buying two pairs of shoes theyre on sale! 3. Neither Gwen nor her sister Theyre both vegetarians.
are because eats
science
meat.
55
voc a bu l a ry bu i lder
vocabulary builder
1 Fame 2 Going Green 3 Online World 4 Sense It 5 Families 6 A Good Buy 58 60 62 64 66 68
57
1 Fame
1. Translate the following words and expressions. For translations, see Students Book pages 123-127. Nouns Verbs Collocations
autograph bodyguard crew crowd drive entertainment fiance heiress idol infatuation passer-by performance performer politician popularity pressure publicity role model tabloids talent scout trend
emerge fool gossip pursue worship

Adjectives
catch: a bus a cold fire ones breath sight of someones eye take: a photo charge for granted ones time pride in someone by surprise go: abroad bald blind mad missing wild
Expressions
controversial disgraceful impressive instant lavish luxurious marvellous notorious offensive outrageous overwhelmed spoilt straight surrounded wealthy willing
in the spotlight
2. Find the following.
1. six words that have the same verb and noun form
autograph ,
crowd
drive lavish
, ,
pressure ,
fool
gossip
2. at least five adjectives that could describe the lifestyle of many celebrities
controversial, disgraceful ,
luxurious , outrageous
3. four nouns that are jobs or professions
bodyguard , performer , politician , talent scout

4. a collocation that means visit another country
go abroad
58
Unit 1
1. The wealthy heiress needs a bodyguard.
La rica heredera necesita un guardaespaldas.

2. Tabloids are full of celebrity gossip.
La prensa amarilla est llena de cotilleos sobre famosos.

3. A large crowd pursued the young performer.
Una gran multitud persegua / persigui al joven intrprete.

4. I caught sight of Marks fiance yesterday.
Vi a la prometida de Mark ayer.

5. Michelle has gone abroad. Shes staying at a luxurious hotel.
Michelle se ha ido al extranjero. Se aloja en un hotel de lujo.
vocabulary extension
SuFFiXeS
4. Complete the sentences by adding a suffix to the words in brackets. Make any necessary changes.
1. Many 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
beautiful (beauty) area. The clothes in this shop are fashionable (fashion), but very expensive (expense). If you need assistance (assist), please call a member of the staff. singer (sing). I didnt know he was so musical (music). Dave is a great useful (use). Claires advice wasnt very Winning the marathon is an amazingachievement(achieve).
(fame) people live in this
famous
7. Have you seen the latest production (product) of this play? 8. He couldnt hide his
curiosity (curious) about the new project.
Functional language
5. Complete the passage with the expressions below. There may be more than one correct answer.
1. 2. 4.
Answers: see below
They are probably Id say that This picture shows This is a picture of They seem to be It looks like It could be that I imagine You can tell I suppose Perhaps a group of people waiting in a queue with bags and suitcases. theyre at a station. 3. theyve been waiting a long time.
5.
theyre very bored. theyll be very relieved
when the train comes!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
This picture shows / This is a picture of Id say that / It looks like / It could be that / I imagine / You can tell / I suppose / Perhaps Id say that / It looks like / It could be that / I imagine / You can tell / I suppose / Perhaps Id say that / It looks like / It could be that / I imagine / You can tell / I suppose/ Perhaps Id say that / It looks like / It could be that / I imagine / You can tell / I suppose / Perhaps
59
2 Going Green
1. Translate the following words and expressions. For translations, see Students Book pages 123-127. Nouns Verbs Idioms
amount belly carbon dioxide crop debris fuel lack landfill litter logging nightmare pollution shortcut trash voyage
avoid ban destroy devote emit ingest inhabit

Adjectives
a breath of fresh air a drop in the ocean down to earth make waves make a mountain out of a molehill the skys the limit the tip of the iceberg vanish into thin air
Expressions
halfway harmful
Phrasal Verbs
carbon footprint environmentally-friendly greenhouse effect make ones way renewable energy
break down bring up cut down pick up use up wipe out
1. a noun that is part of the body
belly
2. at least four things that affect the environment negatively
carbon dioxide ,
debris
landfill
litter
, logging, pollution, trash
3. two idioms that can be used to describe people
a breath of fresh air ,
down to earth
3. Which of the following can you use up?
time / space / people / energy / food / friendship

1. We should try and use more environmentally-friendly products.
Deberamos intentar usar ms productos ecolgicos.

2. We wanted to arrive early, so we took a shortcut.
Queramos llegar pronto, as que cogimos un atajo.

3. She broke down when she heard that all the crops had been destroyed in the fire.
Se ech a llorar cuando oy que todas las cosechas haban sido destruidas en el incendio.
4. Stop making a mountain out of a molehill. Its not so serious.
Deja de hacer una montaa de un grano de arena. No es tan grave.

5. He devotes a lot of his time to informing people about the harmful effects of pollution.
60
Dedica mucho de su tiempo a informar a la gente sobre los efectos perniciosos de la contaminacin.
PHraSal verbS
5. Translate the phrasal verbs in bold.
Unit 2
1. Ill pay you back when I get my salary.
rembolsar, devolver (dinero)

2. Im going to pay him back for all the terrible things he said about me.
vengarse, hacer pagar (caro)

3. Its my treat. Ill pay for it.
pagar
4. Hell pay for his mistake.
pagar por, ser castigado

5. They finally paid off what they owed us.
saldar, liquidar
6. All his hard work finally paid off.
valer / merecer la pena

6. Match the phrasal verbs in I to their meanings in II.
I 1. He always takes everything out on me. 2. She takes after her mother. 3. She decided to take up salsa dancing. 4. My dog takes to children very quickly. 5. The new owners are taking over the company next month.
II
3 5 1 2 4
a. start doing an activity b. gain control c. behave unpleasantly d. be similar to e. like someone or something
Functional language
7. Complete the mini-dialogues with the expressions below. There may be more than one correct answer.
Oh, come on I see what you mean Youve got a point Youre right All right then Thats true, but Not really 1. A: I think cars should be banned from the city centre. B: B: B: B: B:
Oh, come on
. That wont work.
2. A: I believe everyone should only use environmentally-friendly products. 3. A: I heard this restaurant is great.
I see what you , but theyre not always available everywhere. mean / Youve got a point / Youre right
, lets go.
All right then
4. A: In my opinion, this is a waste of time. 5. A: Do you want to join us?
I see what you . Lets do something else. mean / Youve got a point / Youre right Not really
. Im too tired.
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3 online World
1. Translate the following words and expressions. For translations, see Students Book pages 123-127. Nouns
prevent remove restart

Adjectives
depend on die of hear about / from / of insist on lean on rely on remind about / of search for stay at think about / of
Verb Collocations
burglar close-up device fence file fleet folder password pole tutorial urge
Verbs
affluent available overjoyed portable pressing updated

Phrasal Verbs
log onto tidy up turn out

Verb-Preposition Combinations
charge a mobile phone / a laptop download a song / a film enter your age / password forward an e-mail / an attachment post a message / information
Phrases
access crash crawl delete deny expose google launch lean

accuse of apply for / to arrive at / in complain about / of consist of
(to be) online social-networking site user-friendly
1. at least five words that have got the same form as a noun and a verb
crash 2. an adjective that can describe a feeling overjoyed

, , , 3. at least five verbs related to computers
file
urge
access
google
, launch
access
crash
delete
google
launch
, restart
1. Many people use this social-networking site because it is user-friendly.
Mucha gente utiliza esta red social / pgina de redes sociales porque es fcil de usar.
2. What do you think about this close-up of him in the newspaper?
Qu opinas sobre este primer plano suyo en el peridico?

3. He accused me of deleting his e-mails.
Me acus de borrar sus correos electrnicos.

4. We tried to restart our computer after it crashed.
Intentamos reiniciar nuestro ordenador despus de que se bloquease.

5. Log onto my site and read my updated blog.
Entra en mi pgina web y lee mi blog actualizado.

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Word buildinG
4. Complete the table. Use the dictionary to help you.
Unit 3
Noun
Verb access expose remove prevent
Adjective
access availability exposure removal affluence prevention
accessible
available
exposed removable
affluent
preventable
5. Complete the sentences with a word from the chart.
1. The label on the jacket is 2. 3. 4. 5.
removable , but you have to buy it first. Many celebrities live a life of affluence , but money doesnt always buy happiness. This information is not available / to everyone. You need the password. accessible Prevention of this disease is possible with a healthy lifestyle. The villagers have had very little exposure to city life.
Functional language
6. Complete the interview questions with a suitable expression below. There may be more than one correct answer.
How long have you How often do you Do you ever In your opinion, Have you ever What types of What / Where / Who is your favourite How do you usually Do you think What would you like to What are your plans for 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
How long have you / Have you ever How long have you / Have you ever In your opinion What / Where is your favourite How do you usually Do you think What would you like to What types of
lived in this neighbourhood? lived in another country? should English be compulsory to learn at school? place to go shopping? get to school? youre doing enough to save the environment? see happen in your school this year? people do you like to spend time with?
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4 Sense it
1. Translate the following words and expressions. For translations, see Students Book pages 123-127. Nouns Adjectives
set off set (someone) back set up start out start over start up
Idioms
exhibit firm flavour mood odour pattern purchase rhythm scent

Verbs
accurate bitter bright deafening disgusting faint nasty pale pleasant rough savoury smooth tasty tough weird
Phrasal Verbs
have a sweet tooth give (somebody) a taste of his / her own medicine common sense go in one ear and out the other keep in touch see eye to eye
Expressions
approach remain stare stink store stroke trigger whisper

all the rage mouth-watering take advantage of
bring back bring (someone) along
1. four adjectives that can be used to describe food
bitter odour
, disgusting , savoury , ,
tasty
2. two nouns that are smells
scent
3. a phrasal verb that means begin something again
start over
4. an adjective that means the opposite of normal
weird
5. three adjectives with a negative connotation
bitter
, disgusting ,
nasty
6. an idiom that you use when people are in agreement
see eye to eye
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Unit 4
1. What recent purchases have you made?
Qu compras recientes has hecho?

2. I couldnt hear what they were saying because they were whispering.
No poda / pude or lo que estaban diciendo porque estaban susurrando.

3. What is your favourite ice cream flavour?
Cul es tu sabor de helado favorito?

4. Some smells can trigger childhood memories.
Algunos olores pueden evocar recuerdos de la infancia.

5. He started out as an assistant in the firm.
Empez como ayudante en la compaa.
FalSe FriendS
4. Read the sentences. Replace the words in bold with the correct translation from the list below.
sensible dirija fingir conferencia exposicin tejido atrae 1. The colour yellow doesnt appeal to everyone. 2. This fabric has a smooth texture.
atrae
tejido dirija sensible
3. We listened to an interesting lecture about the senses. conferencia 4. The firm is too big for one person to manage. 6. We tried to pretend that the food was tasty. 5. Be careful what you say to her because shes very sensitive.
fingir 7. There were many weird paintings at the exhibition. exposicin
Functional language
5. Look at the photos and complete the sentences with a logical ending.
Possible Answers
1. The two pictures are similar because they 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
are both street scenes They both show buildings, roads, lights, shops However, in some ways they are very different because one is busy and one is quiet In Picture A, there are trees, low buildings, no people, no traffic But in Picture B, there are no trees, high buildings, many people, traffic Another difference between them is B is busy and A is not I prefer Picture A / B because Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers
. . . . . . .
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5 Families
fake flee inherit nod overhear raise

Adjectives
fight back get along grow apart live up to look up to push (someone) around take after turn (someone) into
Expressions
bond brother-in-law cousin great-grandfather nephew niece referee relative sibling spouse widow
Verbs
engaged grateful jealous pregnant self-centred single

Phrasal Verbs
get to nothing to do with only child settle for take a break
bury cheer
break up
1. a phrasal verb that means admire
look up to
2. at least five nouns that refer to family members
brother-in-law,
cousin great-grandfather nephew , , ,
niece
, sibling, spouse
3. an adjective that describes a feeling
jealous , grateful
4. a verb that describes what you do when you agree with someone or something
nod
3. Which of the following can you inherit?
money / friends / good looks / a house / personality traits

1. My nephew is engaged to a lovely girl who is an only child.
Mi sobrino est prometido con una chica encantadora que es hija nica.
2. In the story, the prince was turned into a frog.
En el cuento, al prncipe lo convirtieron en una rana.

3. The bond between the siblings was strong although they grew up in different cities.
El vnculo entre los hermanos era fuerte aunque crecieron en diferentes ciudades.
4. I want to have nothing to do with him because hes so self-centred.
No quiero tener nada que ver con l porque es tan egocntrico.

5. I overheard the referee complaining that it wasnt a fair game.
O por casualidad al rbitro quejndose de que no era un partido justo.

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FaMily idioMS
5. Read the sentences in I, paying attention to the idioms in bold. Match each idiom to its meaning in II.
Unit 5
I 1. Hes always in trouble. Tony is the black sheep of the family. 2. My siblings, parents and grandparents all have red hair. It runs in the family. 3. Dave is dishonest just like his father. The apple doesnt fall far from the tree. 4. Dont tell your friends. Please keep it all in the family. 5. Were happy Tom is staying with us. Hes like one of the family. 6. Dont abandon your son. Hes your flesh and blood. II
4 2 1 6 5 3
a. restricted to people in the family b. something that is common to family members c. different from the rest of the family d. your immediate relatives children, siblings, parents e. like a member of the family f. grows up to be similar to a parent
Functional language
6. Read the expressions below. Which ones are used to express agreement (A)? Which ones are used to express disagreement (D)?
D 1. D 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. D 10.
Thats not the point. Thats not the way I see it. Thats exactly what I think. You cant be serious. I know what you mean. How can you say that? Youve got a point. Youre right. Thats a good idea. Im not sure about that.
7. Complete the sentences with a suitable expression from Exercise 6. There may be more than one correct answer.
Youve got a point. / Youre right. / I never thought of it that way until now. Thats a good idea. Thats not the way I see it. / You cant 2. be serious. / How can you say that? / Im It seems wrong to me. about that. 3. not suresure about that. I need to think about it a bit more. Im not 4. Thats exactly what I think. / I know I feel exactly the same way. what you mean. / Youve got a point. / Youre right.
1.
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6 a Good buy
exchange nag splurge tease

Adjectives
pay a debt pay a fortune pay attention pay someone a compliment pay someone a visit pay the bills pay the price
Phrasal Verbs
bargain belongings benefit bonfire brand consumerism debts discount gadget gear merchandise outlet pastime price tag receipt refund shopkeeper sweatshop stuff
Verbs
miserable overpriced price conscious ready-made

Collocations
come to give out pick out shop around snap up stock up on

Expressions
do business with do more harm than good do ones best do ones duty do someone a favour do the shopping make a deal make a living make a mistake make a statement make an effort make an excuse make friends
free of charge free trial get rid of go out of business on sale out of bounds
afford carry
1. a phrasal verb that means to compare prices
shop around
2. at least five words that have the same form as a noun and as a verb
bargain
benefit
discount
refund
nag
, tease, exchange
3. an expression that means not having to pay anything
free of charge
4. two adjectives that can be used to describe someone
miserable
, price conscious
3. Which of the following does NOT form a collocation with the word do?
well / homework / laundry / conversation / your share
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Unit 6
1. The shop is going out of business, so there are lots of great bargains.
La tienda est quebrando, as que hay muchas gangas estupendas.

2. I cant afford any of this stuff because its so overpriced.
No puedo permitirme ninguna de estas cosas porque son excesivamente caras.

3. Can you do me a favour and buy some ready-made food on the way home?
Puedes hacerme un favor y comprar algo de comida precocinada en el camino a casa?

4. She doesnt make friends easily because shes always miserable.
No hace amigos con facilidad porque siempre est triste.

5. I exchanged the camping gear and received a refund.
Cambi el equipo de acampada y recib un reembolso.
coMPound adJecTiveS
5. Match I to II to form as many compound adjectives as you can. Use a dictionary to help you. Some of the words in II can be used with more than one word in I.
I 1. over 2. ready 3. hard 4. part 5. world 6. self 7. open 8. price
II
3 7 5 6,8 6 1 1,4 2,6
a. working b. minded c. famous d. conscious e. centred f. priced g. time h. made
6. Complete the sentences with a suitable compound adjective from Exercise 5.
1. Hes a 2. 3. 4. 5.
self-made millionaire. He got no help from anyone. This is a part-time job. Perhaps we will be able to offer you more hours in the future. These clothes are overpriced . I wont spend that amount of money. We didnt have time to cook, so we bought ready-made food. Hes a self-centred man who never thinks about other people.
Functional language
7. Complete the sentences with a suitable expression below.
You wont be sorry. Do you take credit cards? Theyre top quality. Have you got anything cheaper? Im afraid weve run out of those. 1. Id like to pay. Do
you take credit cards? Im afraid weve run out Shall I look for another style? 2. of those. 3. Theyre top quality. Thats why theyre so expensive. 4. These shirts are too expensive. Have you got anything cheaper?
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exam Practice
1 Think Ecotourism 2 Where Have All the Grandparents Gone? 3 Sport for Peace and More 4 Coober Pedy White Mans Hole in the Ground 5 Presenting the Mockumentary 6 The Chooky Dancers 72 73 74 75 76 77
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1 exam Practice
Think Ecotourism
Tom was really excited at least for a short time. Last night, his parents came home and announced that the family was going on holiday to an island that is famous for its waves. Immediately, images of a luxurious hotel, with its own private beach, came to Toms mind. Sadly for him, this was not to be. Their accommodation was going to be in a homestay living together with a local family. Toms parents explained to him that tourism consumes massive amounts of energy and is a huge contributor to the destruction of our planet. For this reason, they will use transport and services that use less energy, thereby reducing environmental damage. They assured him that this was the only way to minimise their carbon footprint (the amount of carbon emissions each of us creates). Tom and his family are going to be ecotourists. Ecotourism means travelling to isolated areas where tourists can enjoy the scenery, wildlife and local culture, while at the same time improving the lives of the local people and helping conserve the environment. Tourists stay in environmentally-friendly accommodation or live with the locals in a homestay. There, they can choose to unwind and take in the local sites or go out into the fields to help harvest the crops. In this way, both the tourists and the locals exchange something more significant than just money. Interestingly, ecotourism has now become so popular that it is not uncommon to see luxury ecotourism packages advertised, promising all the luxuries of an expensive holiday with the added benefit of knowing that you are doing your bit to save the planet. So, if you want to travel like Tom and his family, reduce your carbon footprint, and still ensure that you are travelling both comfortably and responsibly, check out the destinations listed on the International Ecotourism Society website. And if that doesnt work for you, you can always ride your bike to the nearest national park and simply pitch your tent there.
3. Find words or expressions in the text that mean:
1.
If you stay in a homestay, you always ... . a. relax and take in the local sites b. work in the fields c. stay in the home of a local family
1. huge (paragraph 1) 2. relax (paragraph 2) 3. unusual (paragraph 3) 4. examine (paragraph 3)
2. he International Ecotourism Society website T has ... . a. a list of environmentally-friendly travel destinations b. information about Tom and his family c. luxury holiday packages advertised
2. Decide if the following sentences are T (True) or F (False). Find evidence in the text to justify your answers.
massive unwind uncommon check out
4. Complete the sentences using the information given in the text.
he 1. Tom must have been disappointed when
found out that he and his family were going . to be ecotourists 2. Carbon footprints are the result of the carbon emissions that each of us creates .
5. Write a composition of about 100-150 words in your notebook. Choose ONE option.
T 1. ur planet is being damaged by the tourist O

industry. tourism consumes massive amounts of energy and is a huge contributor to the destruction of our planet.
1. n opinion essay: What is your ideal holiday? A Give reasons. 2. for and against essay: The advantages and A disadvantages of an ecotourism holiday.
T 2. Local people benefit from ecotourism. Ecotourism means while at the same time improving the lives of the local people . F 3. cotourism means staying in simple E
accommodation.
ecotourism has now become so popular that it is not uncommon to see luxury ecotourism packages advertised, promising all the luxuries of an expensive holiday .
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2 exam Practice
Where Have All the Grandparents Gone?
Exam Practice
After their second freezing winter in Manchester, retired teacher Colin and his wife Angela made a life-changing decision. They would say goodbye to the UK, their family and friends, and start a new life in the sun. After checking out a few alternatives, a decision was made to move to a small village in the South of France. Colin explains, Once Id retired, I found it really expensive being at home all day. My heating bills soared and I felt trapped in the gloomy English climate. Colin and Angela are two British pensioners, out of more than three million, who have chosen somewhere else in Europe to live, mainly in Spain and the South of France. The rising cost of living and the bad climate in the UK are the main reasons for their leaving. With the emergence of the European Union, all European pensioners could move if they wanted to and still receive their pensions. However, it seems that this is a phenomenon typical of British pensioners. Consequently, estate agents in Spain and France actively target them, selling them the dream of a life in the sun. There are some towns on the Costa del Sol in Spain where it is hard to find a Spanish speaker, and fish and chip shops and golf courses are everywhere. British retirees are generally received with enthusiasm since much of the local economy is dependent on the newcomers money. British pensioners, who are looking for an authentic French village or a livelier town under the Spanish sun, can find one at a bargain price, while still receiving their British pensions. It seems that it is now up to the British travel agents to target the grandchildren Holidays in France and Spain at unbelievable prices, with a trip to visit Grandma and Grandpa thrown in, too!
1. olin and Angela decided to leave the UK C because ... . a. b. c. Colin wanted to teach in a small village in the South of France life in England was too expensive and cold they were retired
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T 1. ritish pensioners receive their pensions B

while living outside of England. With the emergence of the European Union, all European pensioners could move if they wanted to and still T 2. receive their pensions. H ousing in Spain and in the South of France British pensioners, who are looking for an authentic French village, or a livelier town under the Spanish sun, F 3. can find one at a bargain price. B ritish travel agents are offering holidays to Spain with a free trip to visit the grandparents. is more affordable than in the UK.
2. Three million British pensioners ... . a. live in Spain and the South of France b. left the UK because of the bad climate c. live elsewhere in Europe
2. Complete these sentences using the information given in the text.
1. All European pensioners have the right to live elsewhere in Europe while receiving their . 2. As this is a British phenomenon, real-estate agents in France and Spain are targeting .
pensions
It seems that it is now up to the British travel agents to target the grandchildren with a trip to visit Grandma and Grandpa thrown in, too.

British pensioners
3. Find words or expressions in the text that mean the opposite of:
1. decreased (paragraph 1) 2. bright (paragraph 1) 3. disappearance (paragraph 2)
soared gloomy emergence
1. dialogue: Write a dialogue between Colin A and Jack, a recent British retiree who is planning to move to the South of France. 2. n interview: Write an interview between an A estate agent and a British pensioner who wants to buy a house in the Costa del Sol.
4. Rewrite the sentence without changing its original meaning.
T he rising cost of living and the bad climate are the reasons for their leaving. They left because
of the rising cost of living and the bad climate
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3 exam Practice
Sport for Peace and More
The scene was a familiar one a basketball match. Like in any such event, the tension could be felt in the air. Everyone took a deep breath as Ruba stood ready to shoot. She stood, aimed and effortlessly shot the ball into the hoop. There was an enthusiastic cheer as the crowd expressed their joy. However, this was more than just another match. This was the realisation of a young Iraqi girls dream to be just like everyone else and to have the opportunity to play sport. Sports lessons, tournaments and camps are a part of a childs normal everyday life in the developed world. Whether a child chooses to participate or not, they have endless opportunities. Yet, in much of the developing world, where war is too often the norm, sport is not always part of a childs reality. Sport for Peace, run by UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), understands that sport can be a method for change in areas of conflict and hardship. They assert on their website that: Sport is a powerful tool to strengthen social ties and networks, and to promote ideals of peace, fraternity, solidarity, non-violence, tolerance and justice. In El Salvador, where tensions have long existed with neighbouring Honduras, a Sport for Peace programme was set up to encourage greater participation in physical education and sport, in order to put a stop to violence, drug use and hatred. And in Mozambique, a country where talking about AIDS is taboo, a sports programme was also set up to provide information about HIV and AIDS. The participants were provided with unique sporting opportunities and educational sessions about AIDS prevention and treatment. With numerous other such projects and organisations using sport to encourage cooperation, friendship and peace, it goes without saying that sport can do more than simply produce a healthy body and mind.
1. The crowd was very enthusiastic because ... . a. Ruba was their favourite basketball player b. Ruba was like everyone else c. ubas participation was the realisation of a R dream a. have many sporting opportunities b. have to go to camp c. dont like to belong to a sports team a. caused a war with Honduras b. sent players to Honduras c. imed to reduce violence and drug use a
3. Rewrite the sentences without changing their original meaning.
1. Sport for Peace programme was set up to A encourage greater participation in physical education and sport. Greater participation in
2. Children in the developed world ... .
2. In Mozambique, talking about AIDS is taboo. It is taboo
physical education and sport is the reason that a Sport for . Peace programme was set up to talk about AIDS in Mozambique
3. The Sport for Peace programme in El Salvador ... .

4. Find words in the text that mean:
1. without difficulty (paragraph 1) 3. to make stronger (paragraph 3)
2. go on and on (paragraph 2)
effortlessly endless strengthen set up
T 1. sports programme was established in A

Mozambique to promote AIDS awareness.
4. established (paragraph 4)
F 2. he writer believes that sport doesnt really T

contribute to promoting peace.
a sports programme was also set up 5. Write a composition of about 100-150 words in your notebook. Choose ONE option. to provide information about HIV and AIDS. 1. n opinion essay: Do you agree that sport can A using sport to encourage cooperation, friendship and peace, it goes without saying that sport can do more than simply produce a healthy body and mind.
bring about change in everybodys life? Explain the reasons for your answer. 2. n interview: Interview Ruba about her A experiences playing basketball and her trip to the USA.
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4 exam Practice
Coober Pedy White Mans Hole in the Ground
After a gruelling 850 km drive from Adelaide, with virtually nothing to look at but the Australian desert, or the Outback as the locals like to call it, you eventually reach Coober Pedy, the opal capital of the world.
Exam Practice
Following the discovery of massive quantities of precious opal gemstones by Willie Hutchinson in 1915, fortune seekers from all over the country came to this isolated area in search of the valuable, colourful stones that would make them rich. Armed with little more than a pick and shovel, these early miners began tunnelling underground. Word spread fast, and Coober Pedy, or White Mans Hole in the Ground, as the local Aborigines called it, was founded. At first glance, the town looks almost deserted, with nothing but a few shacks, the occasional bush and a small number of trees. Scattered over the landscape are tall pipes that operate as ventilation spouts, providing oxygen to the people living and working underground. With temperatures of over 40 degrees in summer and as low as 6 degrees in winter, the weather conditions can make life above ground unbearable. As a result, the early settlers decided that they would stay underground 24 hours a day, where temperatures remained comfortable all year. Over time, abandoned mines were converted into homes, known as dugouts, which is where most of the locals live to this day. The opal capital of the world is not a pretty place, yet it is well worth a visit. So, if you want to experience life in an underground town, and pick up a few opals while you are there, I strongly recommend a stay in Coober Pedy, in the middle of the Australian nowhere.
1. 2.
The Outback refers to ... . a. Coober Pedy b. the Australian desert c. the road from Adelaide to Coober Pedy Willie Hutchinson ... . a. was an Aborigine b. was discovered in 1915 c. uncovered large deposits of opals in the area
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F 1. White Mans Hole in the Ground was Word spread fast, and Coober Pedy, or White Mans Hole in the Ground, as the local Aborigines called it .
the name given to the town by Willie Hutchinson.
T 2. he tall pipes are essential for life T

underground.
3. hich of the following is essential to the people W of Coober Pedy? a. trees b. ventilation spouts c. shacks
4. Answer the question.
Scattered all over the landscape are tall pipes that operate as ventilation spouts, providing oxygen to the people living and working underground.
W hy is the isolated town of Coober Pedy still attractive to visitors?
gruelling 2. a solitary place (paragraph 2) isolated area deserted 3. abandoned (paragraph 3)

1. exhausting (paragraph 1) 4. severe and physically uncomfortable unbearable (paragraph 4)
Because in Coober Pedy you can experience life underground and pick up a few opals.
1. for and against essay: The advantages and A disadvantages of living underground. 2. description: Describe a town or city that you A have visited.
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5 exam Practice
Presenting the Mockumentary
It was 8 pm on Sunday, 30th October 1938, and millions of Americans were sitting around their wirelesses listening to a radio show, when it appeared to be interrupted by a news broadcast. Listeners were told that a huge flaming object had fallen from the sky onto a farm in New Jersey, and aliens from another planet were exiting what appeared to be a spaceship. The nation panicked. The broadcast was so lifelike that it seemed to actually be happening. In fact, the broadcast was a radio play, adapted from H.G. Wells 1898 novel, The War of the Worlds. The location had been changed, but the story was still that of a Martian invasion of Earth. Orson Welles, the creator, was accused of purposely causing nationwide panic. However, what he was really aiming to do was to produce a new style of entertainment which would blur the line between reality and fiction. This genre would later become known as the mockumentary. Mockumentaries appear to be documentaries relating real-life events interspersed with interviews. Initially, the audience may think that what they are witnessing is real, but the often outrageous content ultimately makes it clear that it is, in fact, a fictional representation. One of the best examples of this genre is the British TV series The Office, which portrays the daily running of a paper company in an ordinary English town. At first glance, the manager, David Brent, is seemingly professional, but the viewer soon realises that hes completely unprofessional, and his staff is unmotivated and ordinary. The scenarios that arise in the workplace are both embarrassing and hilarious. The genius of this show, and other successful mockumentaries, is the combination of clever scriptwriting along with improvisations by talented actors, and the use of seemingly hidden cameras that record events as they unfold. This is achieved through the use of satire, while pushing the traditional boundaries of film making. However, if the audience misses the opening credits, they may mistakenly believe that they are watching the news, which could once again result in panic.
1.
Wirelesses (line 1) refer to ... . a. computers without wires b. huge flaming objects c. radios
3. Complete the sentences using the information given in the text.
1. An English paper company is the
2. n Sunday, 30th October 1938, many people O thought they were listening to ... . a. a mockumentary b. a news broadcast c. a weather forecast 3. Many people panicked because ... . a. they were convinced aliens had landed b. aliens were about to land c. aliens had landed
setting for the British TV series The Office . 2. Unless the audience sees the opening credits, they may mistakenly believe . they are watching the news
1. realistic (paragraph 1) 2. make unclear (paragraph 2) 3. shocking (paragraph 3) 4. limits (paragraph 5)
lifelike blur outrageous boundaries
F 1. The War of the Worlds was originally a radio In fact, the broadcast was a radio play, adapted from H.G. Wells 1898 T 2. novel, War of the Worlds. M ockumentaries appear to be
play.
1. n opinion essay: In your opinion, are A mockumentaries a good form of entertainment? Explain why or why not. 2. for and against essay: What are the A advantages and disadvantages of watching a mockumentary?
F 3. The Office is not a good example of a

mockumentary.
Mockumentaries appear to be documentaries ... that it is, in fact, a fictional representation.
documentaries, but are in fact fictional.
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One of the best examples of this genre is the British TV series The Office ... .
6 exam Practice
The Chooky Dancers
Exam Practice
Ten young Aboriginal men, covered in white facial paint and dressed in traditional clothes, are on stage. The crowd is quiet and respectful as they wait for the men to begin a traditional Aboriginal dance depicting a tale from the Dreamtime the Aboriginal story of creation. A techno version of the theme song from the 1964 film Zorba the Greek begins to play, surprising the audience. They go wild, watching the dancers moving to the music. This fusion of Aboriginal and Greek cultures is both innovative and hilarious. Unknown to everyone, this is the start of something big for the Chooky Dancers of Elcho Island, located off the coast of Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory of Australia. Dance, used for telling stories about Dreamtime, has always been an important aspect of Aboriginal culture. For Aborigines, Dreamtime was when the world was created by massive creatures that looked like animals, plants and insects. As the creatures roamed the world in search of food and water, they created the mountains, valleys and plains. These mythical creatures then passed on their wisdom to the Aborigines, who protected their heritage and traditional way of life through various ceremonies, songs and dances still practised to this day. For young people growing up in remote parts of Australia, such as Elcho Island, their heritage is very important. However, they are not cut off from other cultures. Modern technologies, such as the Internet, with its ability to reach the most remote places on the planet, have exposed the Aborigines to other cultures and vice versa. In 2007, the world was introduced to the Chooky Dancers, who uploaded their version of Zorba the Greek onto YouTube. Their success was instantaneous These boys came from nowhere, and after 12 months they are celebrities themselves, explained their manager, Frank Djirrimbilpilwuy. The magic of the Chooky Dancers is their ability to combine traditional Aboriginal dance with music and dance styles from other cultures. They are also very funny to watch. The Chooky Dancers success has given young Aboriginal teenagers throughout Australia a sense of pride and enthusiasm.
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1.
The audience is going wild because . a. they love techno music b. they love the film Zorba the Greek c. he performance is both unexpected and t humorous
3. Complete the sentence using the information given in the text.
the Chooky Dancers became an instant success .

By uploading their video onto YouTube,
4. Answer the question.
2. The dancers . a. expected to become famous b. idnt know that they were about to become d famous c. were famous in Greece
According to the writer, the Chooky Dancers greatest success is giving young Aboriginal teenagers throughout Australia a sense of pride and enthusiasm.
A ccording to the writer, what is the Chooky Dancers greatest success?
1. combination (paragraph 1) 2. funny (paragraph 1) 3. travelled (paragraph 2) 4. isolated (paragraph 3)
F 1. borigines believe that massive creatures A

Dreamtime was when the world was created by massive creatures ...

created the Dreamtime.
fusion hilarious roamed remote
T 2. ythical creatures gave their knowledge to M

F 3. eople on Elcho Island are not exposed to P

These mythical creatures then passed on their wisdom to the Aborigines, .

other cultures.
the Aborigines.
However, they are not cut off from other cultures
1. n informal letter: Write a letter to a friend A describing an unusual performance that you have seen recently. 2. An opinion essay: Do you prefer live performances or listening to music CDs? Explain your answer.

77
translation Exercises
Unit 1
1. is padres siempre se han enorgullecido de m. M 2. Cundo te diste cuenta de que te haban engaado? 4 . im nunca llega tarde. Su coche ha debido de T averiarse. 5. ebido al efecto invernadero, la temperatura del D planeta puede subir mucho. 6. s vale que no tomes parte en la protesta: M podra volverse violenta.
My parents have always taken pride in me. When did you realise that they had fooled you?
Tims never late. His car must have broken down.
Because of the greenhouse effect, the temperature of the planet may rise a lot.
3. Nunca me ha interesado cotillear sobre famosos. 4. a impresionante carrera de Almodvar lo ha L convertido en un icono cultural para nuestro pas.
Ive never been interested in gossiping about celebrities.
7. l gobierno debera haber gastado ms dinero E en energas renovables.
Youd better not take part in the protest it might turn violent. The government should have spent more money on renewable energies.
5. a polica llevaba treinta minutos persiguiendo al L sospechoso cuando finalmente lo cogi.
Almodvars impressive career has made him a cultural icon for our country.
The police had been pursuing the suspect for thirty minutes when they eventually caught him. 6. aris Hilton estaba disgustada porque un P

8. er mejor que paremos la explotacin forestal S ilegal porque est destruyendo nuestros bosques.
Wed better stop illegal logging because it is destroying our forests.
7. levamos quejndonos de la escandalosa L conducta de nuestros nuevos vecinos desde que se mudaron.
Paris Hilton was upset because a tabloid had published that she had been taking drugs since she was a teenager.
peridico sensacionalista haba publicado que llevaba tomando drogas desde que era una adolescente.
Unit 3
1. as pginas web de redes sociales son utilizadas L por millones de personas en todo el mundo. 2. lgunos mviles viejos tienen que cargarse A todos los das. 3. Sandra le entregaron su nuevo porttil esta A maana. 4. a mayora de las pginas de Internet son L consideradas bastante seguras.
Social networking sites are used by millions of people worldwide.
Weve been complaining about our new neighbours outrageous behaviour since they moved in. 8. ameron Diaz estaba abrumada por el nmero C

Some old mobile phones have to be charged every day.
Unit 2
Cameron Diaz was overwhelmed by the number of fans who had been waiting for hours to see her.
de admiradores que llevaban horas esperando para verla.
Sandra had her new laptop delivered this morning.
1. ebemos empezar a reciclar nuestra basura para D salvar nuestro planeta. 2. ebes hacer cambios en tu vida diaria para D reducir tu huella de carbono.
We must start recycling our trash to save our planet.
5. os artculos de la Wikipedia pueden ser escritos L por cualquiera con acceso a Internet. 6. e estn arreglando la valla porque result M daada en la tormenta la semana pasada.
Most Internet sites are considered to be quite safe.
Wikipedia articles can be written by anyone with Internet access.
3. o deberan construir el nuevo vertedero cerca N de nuestro barrio.
You must make changes in your everyday life to reduce your carbon footprint. They shouldnt build the new landfill near our neighbourhood.
7. todos los usuarios se les va a enviar una nueva A contrasea tan pronto como sea posible.
Im having my fence repaired because it was damaged in the storm last week.
All users are going to be sent a new password as soon as possible.
82
Translation Exercises 8. Cmo puedo hacer que borren mis fotos de Google? 5. ohn, cuyos padres son verdaderamente J estrictos, nunca consigue hacer lo que quiere. 6. unca olvidar el da en que mi marido y yo nos N prometimos. 7. oy la mayora de las parejas estn criando a un H solo hijo en Espaa, donde la gente est soltera hasta los treinta. 8. ary, que es bastante egocntrica, rompi con M su novio la semana pasada.
How can I get my pictures removed from Google?
John, whose parents are really strict, never gets to do what he wants. Ill never forget the day when my husband and I got engaged.
Unit 4
1. lgunos alumnos afirmaron que haba sido un A examen bastante difcil.
2. e preguntaba cmo una foto poda provocar M unas emociones tan fuertes. 3. uperdrug neg que se aprovechara de clientes S inocentes para hacerles gastar dinero. 4. ap se quej de que no poda soportar ese P ruido ensordecedor.
Some students claimed that it had been a pretty tough exam. I wondered how a photo could trigger such strong emotions.
Today most couples are raising only one child in Spain, where people are single until their 30s. Mary, who is quite self-centred, broke up with her boyfriend last week.
Superdrug denied taking advantage of innocent customers to make them spend money.
Unit 6
1. o me hara artista si fuera posible ganarse la Y vida con el arte. 2. an pronto como haya un descuento en estas T chaquetas, se agotarn. 3. o, en tu lugar, no derrochara tanto dinero en Y ropa de diseo. 4. jal hubiramos prestado ms atencin a la O explicacin. 5. jal pudiera permitirme viajar a las prximas O olimpiadas. 6. Me haras un favor y me prestaras dinero si quisiera un coche nuevo?
Dad complained that he couldnt stand that deafening sound.
5. ueran saber cunto tiempo haba estado Q trabajando Sarah para una compaa financiera en Londres. 6. ustin accedi a quedarse despus de la fiesta J para recoger. 7. e preguntaron al seor Andersen si hara algn L sabor raro de helado en el futuro. 8. om me advirti que no acariciara a su perro T porque poda morderme.
I would become an artist if it were possible to make a living from art.
They wanted to know how long Sarah had been working for a financial firm in London.
As soon as there is a discount on these jackets, they will be snapped up. If I were you, I wouldnt splurge so much money on designer clothes.
Justin agreed to remain after the party to tidy up. They asked Mr Andersen if he would make any weird ice-cream flavours in the future. warned me not to stroke his dog because it could bite me.
If only we had paid more attention to the explanation.
Tom
I wish I could afford to travel to the next Olympics. Would you do me a favour and lend me money if I wanted a new car?
Unit 5
1. os perros, que pueden incluso notar el miedo L en las personas, son unos animales muy inteligentes. 2. immy se ha conformado con un trabajo en J un pequeo pueblo del que nunca haba odo hablar. 3. ally, que necesita tomarse un descanso en el S trabajo, est buscando un apartamento en la costa. 4. i primo Jason siempre se lleva bien con la M gente con la que trabaja.
Dogs, which can even sense fear in people, are very clever animals.
7. o habran encontrado una ganga tan buena N si no hubieran estado de tienda en tienda comparando precios durante horas.
They wouldnt have found such a good bargain if they hadnt been shopping 8. around for hours. A Mike no le harn un reembolso a no ser que

appen dices
Jimmy has settled for a job in a small town that he had never heard of.
Mike wont get a refund unless he finds the receipt that he was given.
encuentre el recibo que le dieron.
Sally, who needs to take a break from work, is looking for a flat on the coast. My cousin Jason always gets along with the people he works with.
83

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Grammar Review

Present Simple and Present Continuous

Past Simple and Past Continuous

1. our brother / watch TV / when / you / get home / ? y

Was your brother watching TV when you got home?

Did you finish the English homework yesterday?

I didnt eat sushi when I was in Japan last year.

(set) in the west.

2. lease dont disturb me. I P (study). 3. still I

4. (go) to the cinema on Friday nights?

Present Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Simple

Present Perfect Simple and Past Simple

1. herry doesnt know how to ride a bicycle. (never) S

2. A: Do you want to borrow this book?

already read it twice.

5. A: How long have you had your dog?

in 2004 , when he was a

Future Simple, be going to and Present Continuous with Future Meaning

Future Perfect Simple and Future Continuous

is doing / is going to do (do)? 2. really miss Sue. I know I I will

A: ho 5. is going to bring (bring) food to the W picnic on Saturday?

(bring) fizzy drinks.

B: ood. Do you think we G (need) anything else? A: I dont think so.

1. hose are beautiful earrings. T (Mum / love / them)

2. A: Im sorry, but theres no more milk.

Mum will love them.

will B: n that case, I I tea instead of coffee.

2. cant wait to move to New York! I (I / move / there / in a few months)

Im going to move there in a few months.

4. A: Do you have plans for tonight?

5. A: Is that the Golden Gate Bridge?

Youre going to spill the coffee!

isnt going to come

at three in the morning ? always 3. he S goes to the yoga class

2. hy was your dog barking W

have you known Rita?

the film ended?

never 8. ve I journal. Its private.

let anyone read my

1. Is this your first time in San Francisco? (before)

2. Complete the puzzle using the clues below.

before the university . Hes an assistant

2. ake is part of the film J electrician.

7. often print lies and rumours about celebrities.

breath blind for granted eye wild by surprise

T 3. When you fool someone, you trick them.

take good health for granted until we become ill.

T 4. Fans of someone worship that person.

F 5. passer-by is someone who sells things at A

A passer-by is someone who passes / walks by on the street.

going 5. acks dog is J wont be able to see.

blind and soon

6. never expected to win the contest. It really I took me by surprise .

1. om is in the T and lives in a

entertainment (entertain) industry,

Accept all logical and grammatically . correct answers

1. Is this your first visit to a film set? (ever)

4. finished most of my homework. Then I went I out. (after)

3. hey havent released a new CD for three years. (ago) T

Madonna has been performing since 1977.