Science 8 Release Questions

CA L I F O R N I A S TA N DA R D S T E S T
G R A D E
Released Test Questions
Science
Introduction - Grade 8 Science
The following released test questions are taken from the Grade 8 Science Standards Test. This test is one of the California Standards Tests administered as part of the Standardized Testing and Reporting (STAR) Program under policies set by the State Board of Education. All questions on the California Standards Tests are evaluated by committees of content experts, including teachers and administrators, to ensure their appropriateness for measuring the California academic content standards in Grade 8 Science. In addition to content, all items are reviewed and approved to ensure their adherence to the principles of fairness and to ensure no bias exists with respect to characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, and language. This document contains released test questions from the California Standards Test form in 2006, 2007, and 2008. First on the pages that follow are lists of the Grade 8 standards assessed on the Grade 8 Science Test. Next are released test questions. Following the questions is a table that gives the correct answer for each question, the content standard that each question is measuring, and the year each question appeared on the test. Reference sheets, provided for students taking the test, are also included as they are necessary in answering some of the questions. The following table lists each reporting cluster, the number of items that appear on the exam, and the number of released test questions that appear in this document.
1
This is a sample of California Standards Test questions. This is NOT an operational test form. Test scores cannot be projected based on performance on released test questions. Copyright 2009 California Department of Education.
G R A D E
Science

NUMBER OF QUESTIONS ON EXAM 6 NUMBER OF RELEASED TEST QUESTIONS 5
REPORTING CLUSTER
Investigation and Experimentation (Standards: 8PCIE9. a-g) Motion (Standards: 8PC1. a-f) Forces, Density and Buoyancy (Standards: 8PC2. a-g, 8PC8. a-d) Structure of Matter and Periodic Table (Standards: 8PC3. a-f, 8PC7. a-c) Earth in the Solar System (Standards: 8PC4. a-e) Reactions and the Chemistry of Living Systems (Standards: 8PC5. a-e, 8PC6. a-c) TOTAL
13
16
12
10 60
8 44
In selecting test questions for release, three criteria are used: (1) the questions adequately cover a selection of the academic content standards assessed on the Grade 8 Science Test; (2) the questions demonstrate a range of difficulty; and (3) the questions represent a variety of ways standards can be assessed. These released test questions do not reflect all of the ways the standards may be assessed. Released test questions will not appear on future tests. For more information about the California Standards Tests, visit the California Department of Educations Web site at http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/tg/sr/resources.asp.
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G R A D E
Science
THE INVESTIGATION AND EXPERIMENTATION REPORTING CLUSTER

The following seven California content standards are included in the Grade 8 Investigation and Experimentation reporting cluster and are represented in this booklet by five test questions. These questions represent only some ways in which these standards may be assessed on the California Grade 8 Science Standards Test. CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS IN THIS REPORTING CLUSTER
Investigation and Experimentation 8PCIE9. Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations. As a basis for understanding this concept and addressing the content in the other three strands, students should develop their own questions and perform investigations. Students will: Plan and conduct a scientific investigation to test a hypothesis. Evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of data. Distinguish between variable and controlled parameters in a test. Recognize the slope of the linear graph as the constant in the relationship y = kx and apply this principle in interpreting graphs constructed from data. Construct appropriate graphs from data and develop quantitative statements about the relationships between variables. Apply simple mathematic relationships to determine a missing quantity in a mathematic expression, given the two remaining terms (including speed = distance/time, density = mass/volume, force = pressure x area, volume = area x height). Distinguish between linear and nonlinear relationships on a graph of data.
8PCIE9.a. 8PCIE9.b. 8PCIE9.c. 8PCIE9.d. 8PCIE9.e. 8PCIE9.f.
8PCIE9.g.
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G R A D E
Science
THE MOTION REPORTING CLUSTER

The following six California content standards are included in the Grade 8 Motion reporting cluster and are represented in this booklet by six test questions. These questions represent only some ways in which these standards may be assessed on the California Grade 8 Science Standards Test. CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS IN THIS REPORTING CLUSTER
Motion 8PC1. 8PC1.a. 8PC1.b. 8PC1.c. 8PC1.d. 8PC1.e. 8PC1.f. The velocity of an object is the rate of change of its position. As a basis for understanding this concept: Students know position is defined in relation to some choice of a standard reference point and a set of reference directions. Students know that average speed is the total distance traveled divided by the total time elapsed and that the speed of an object along the path traveled can vary. Students know how to solve problems involving distance, time, and average speed. Students know the velocity of an object must be described by specifying both the direction and the speed of the object. Students know changes in velocity may be due to changes in speed, direction, or both. Students know how to interpret graphs of position versus time and graphs of speed versus time for motion in a single direction.
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G R A D E
Science
THE FORCES, DENSITY AND BUOYANCY REPORTING CLUSTER

The following 11 California content standards are included in the Grade 8 Forces, Density and Buoyancy reporting cluster and are represented in this booklet by eight test questions. These questions represent only some ways in which these standards may be assessed on the California Grade 8 Science Standards Test. CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS IN THIS REPORTING CLUSTER
Forces 8PC2. 8PC2.a. 8PC2.b. 8PC2.c. 8PC2.d. Unbalanced forces cause changes in velocity. As a basis for understanding this concept: Students know a force has both direction and magnitude. Students know when an object is subject to two or more forces at once, the result is the cumulative effect of all the forces. Students know when the forces on an object are balanced, the motion of the object does not change. Students know how to identify separately the two or more forces that are acting on a single static object, including gravity, elastic forces due to tension or compression in matter, and friction. Students know that when the forces on an object are unbalanced, the object will change its velocity (that is, it will speed up, slow down, or change direction). Students know the greater the mass of an object, the more force is needed to achieve the same rate of change in motion. Students know the role of gravity in forming and maintaining the shapes of planets, stars, and the solar system.
8PC2.e. 8PC2.f. 8PC2.g.
Density and Buoyancy 8PC8. 8PC8.a. 8PC8.b. 8PC8.c. 8PC8.d. All objects experience a buoyant force when immersed in a fluid. As a basis for understanding this concept: Students know density is mass per unit volume. Students know how to calculate the density of substances (regular and irregular solids and liquids) from measurements of mass and volume. Students know the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid the object has displaced. Students know how to predict whether an object will float or sink.
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G R A D E
Science
THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER AND PERIODIC TABLE REPORTING CLUSTER

The following nine California content standards are included in the Grade 8 Structure of Matter and Periodic Table reporting cluster and are represented in this booklet by 12 test questions. These questions represent only some ways in which these standards may be assessed on the California Grade 8 Science Standards Test. CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS IN THIS REPORTING CLUSTER
Structure of Matter 8PC3. Each of the more than 100 elements of matter has distinct properties and a distinct atomic structure. All forms of matter are composed of one or more of the elements. As a basis for understanding this concept: Students know the structure of the atom and know it is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Students know that compounds are formed by combining two or more different elements and that compounds have properties that are different from their constituent elements. Students know atoms and molecules form solids by building up repeating patterns, such as the crystal structure of NaCl or long-chain polymers. Students know the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) depend on molecular motion. Students know that in solids the atoms are closely locked in position and can only vibrate; in liquids the atoms and molecules are more loosely connected and can collide with and move past one another; and in gases the atoms and molecules are free to move independently, colliding frequently. Students know how to use the periodic table to identify elements in simple compounds.
8PC3.a. 8PC3.b. 8PC3.c. 8PC3.d. 8PC3.e.
8PC3.f.
Periodic Table 8PC7. 8PC7.a. 8PC7.b. The organization of the periodic table is based on the properties of the elements and reflects the structure of atoms. As a basis for understanding this concept: Students know how to identify regions corresponding to metals, nonmetals, and inert gases. Students know each element has a specific number of protons in the nucleus (the atomic number) and each isotope of the element has a different but specific number of neutrons in the nucleus. Students know substances can be classified by their properties, including their melting temperature, density, hardness, and thermal and electrical conductivity.
8PC7.c.
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G R A D E
Science
THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM SCIENCE REPORTING CLUSTER

The following five California content standards are included in the Grade 8 Earth in the Solar System reporting cluster and are represented in this booklet by five test questions. These questions represent only some ways in which these standards may be assessed on the California Grade 8 Science Standards Test. CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS IN THIS REPORTING CLUSTER
Earth in the Solar System 8PC4. 8PC4.a. 8PC4.b. 8PC4.c. 8PC4.d. 8PC4.e. The structure and composition of the universe can be learned from studying stars and galaxies and their evolution. As a basis for understanding this concept: Students know galaxies are clusters of billions of stars and may have different shapes. Students know that the Sun is one of many stars in the Milky Way galaxy and that stars may differ in size, temperature, and color. Students know how to use astronomical units and light years as measures of distances between the Sun, stars, and Earth. Students know that stars are the source of light for all bright objects in outer space and that the Moon and planets shine by reflected sunlight, not by their own light. Students know the appearance, general composition, relative position and size, and motion of objects in the solar system, including planets, planetary satellites, comets, and asteroids.
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Science
THE REACTIONS AND THE CHEMISTRY OF LIVING SYSTEMS REPORTING CLUSTER

The following eight California content standards are included in the Grade 8 Reactions and the Chemistry of Living Systems reporting cluster and are represented in this booklet by eight test questions. These questions represent only some ways in which these standards may be assessed on the California Grade 8 Science Standards Test. CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS IN THIS REPORTING CLUSTER
Reactions 8PC5. 8PC5.a. 8PC5.b. Chemical reactions are processes in which atoms are rearranged into different combinations of molecules. As a basis for understanding this concept: Students know reactant atoms and molecules interact to form products with different chemical properties. Students know the idea of atoms explains the conservation of matter: In chemical reactions the number of atoms stays the same no matter how they are arranged, so their total mass stays the same. Students know chemical reactions usually liberate heat or absorb heat. Students know physical processes include freezing and boiling, in which a material changes form with no chemical reaction. Students know how to determine whether a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral.
8PC5.c. 8PC5.d. 8PC5.e.
Chemistry of Living Systems 8PC6. 8PC6.a. 8PC6.b. 8PC6.c. Principles of chemistry underlie the functioning of biological systems. As a basis for understanding this concept: Students know that carbon, because of its ability to combine in many ways with itself and other elements, has a central role in the chemistry of living organisms. Students know that living organisms are made of molecules consisting largely of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Students know that living organisms have many different kinds of molecules, including small ones, such as water and salt, and very large ones, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and DNA.
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G R A D E
1 2
Science
The graph below shows the movement of an object at several points in time.
Data from an experiment are presented below. Experimental Data
Object Movement
55 50 45
Experimental Data
Distance 5 cm 15 cm 25 cm 35 cm Time 0.2 s 0.4 s 0.6 s 0.8 s Distance (cm)
40 30 20 10 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Distance (meters)
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (s)
The slope of the graph represents what characteristic of an object? A B C D

Time (minutes)
displacement
force
speed
inertia
CSZ20854
What is the average speed of the object? A B C D 0.5 meters minute 2 meters minute 25 meters minute
50 meters
minute
CSZ20716
A spring scale is pulled downward and readings are recorded. Data Table Distance Pulled 1.0 cm 1.5 cm 2.0 cm 2.5 cm Spring Scale Reading 4N 6N 8N 10 N
If the spring is pulled 3.5 cm, the spring scale should read A B C D 12 N. 13 N. 14 N. 15 N.
CSZ20855
9
G R A D E
8
4
Science
6
A student records the mass and volume of a lump of clay, x. Next, a second lump of clay, y, is added to lump x, and the combined ( x + y) mass and volume are recorded. Finally, a third lump of clay, z, is added to the combined ( x + y) mixture, and the final ( x + y + z) mass and volume are recorded, as shown below. Clay Transformation Graph
4
An athlete can run 9 kilometers in 1 hour. If the athlete runs at that same average speed for 30 minutes, how far will the athlete travel? A B C D 18 kilometers
9 kilometers
4.5 kilometers
3.3 kilometers
CSZ30338
Mass (g)
3 2 1
x+y+z x x+y
How much time is required for a bicycle to travel a distance of 100 m at an average speed m of 2 ? s A B C D 0.02 s
50 s
100 s
200 s
CSZ20740
Volume
(cm3)
What is the most logical conclusion about the clay used in this investigation? A B C D Lump z had the greatest mass.
Lump z had the lowest density.
Lump y had the lowest density.
Lump y had the greatest mass.
CSZ20713
Which of the following represents the velocity of a moving object? A B C D 40 40 m north 40 40 m s m north s
CSZ30494
Red-clay bricks have a density of approximately kg kg 2000 3 . Air has a density of 1 3 . m m Which of the following has the lowest mass? A B C D 2 m 3 of bricks 4 m3 of bricks 6000 m 3 of air 10, 000 m 3 of air
CSZ20870
10
G R A D E
9 11
Science
Which characteristic of motion could change without changing the velocity of an object? A B C D the speed
the position
the direction
The graph below shows the speed of a vehicle over time. The Speed of a Vehicle
14 12
Speed ( m ) s
the acceleration
CSZ20754
10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5
10
The graph below shows how the position of an object changes over time. Position vs. Time
18.0
Time (s)
Position (m)
How far did the vehicle travel during the first two seconds?
9.0
A B C
0.2 m 5m 10 m 20 m
CSZ20746
0 0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (s)
What is the speed of the object during the time interval from 4 seconds to 10 seconds? A B C D 2 3 8 m s m s m s m s
CSZ30195
16
11
G R A D E
8
12
Science
14
A ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. As the ball falls, the upward force of air resistance becomes equal to the downward pull of gravity. When these two forces become equal in magnitude, the ball will A B C flatten due to the forces.
fall at a constant speed.
continue to speed up.
slow to a stop.
CSZ30263
A force is acting on each of the objects below.
3N 3N 3N
What can be concluded about these forces? A They are the same because they point toward the objects. B They are the same because they have the same magnitude. C They are different because they have different magnitudes. D They are different because they have different directions.
CSZ30259
15
Four forces are acting on a box, as shown below. 40 N downward
20 N to the right
30 N to the left
13
Two students are pushing a cart, as shown below. 10 N upward This box will increase in speed A B C 200 N 150 N D downward and to the left.
downward and to the right.
upward and to the left.
upward and to the right.
CSZ30761
The cart will move as if it were acted on by a single force with a magnitude of A B C D 50 N. 150 N. 200 N. 350 N.
CSZ20725
12
G R A D E
16 18
Science
A force of 5 N is required to increase the speed of a box from a rate of 1.0 m m to 3.0 within s s 5 s along a level surface. What change would most likely require additional force to produce the same results? A B C D reduce the mass of the box increase the mass of the box make the surfaces of the box smooth make the surface of the floor smooth
CSZ30764
The following table shows properties of four different sample materials. One of these materials is cork, a type of wood that floats in water. Physical Properties Sample Number 1 2 3 4 Mass 89 g 26 g 24 g 160 g Volume 10 mL 10 mL 100 mL 100 mL g , which mL
17
What is the density of a 64-g iron cube that displaces 8 mL of water? A B C D 512 g mL
Given that the density of water is 1 of the samples is most likely cork? A B C D 1 2 3 4
g
32 mL
g
8 mL
4 g
mL
CSZ30348
CSZ20852
13
G R A D E
8
19
Science
21
The densities of four different woods are shown below. Wood Sample Densities Type of Wood African Teakwood Balsa Cedar Ironwood g ) Density ( cm3 0.98 0.14 0.55 1.23
Which of the following is found farthest from the center of an atom? A B C D nucleus
proton
neutron
electron
CSZ30564
22
Which wood will sink when placed in a fluid g ? with a density of 1.14 cm 3 A B C D African teakwood
balsa
cedar
ironwood
CSZ30119
When magnesium (Mg) metal is burned in the presence of oxygen (O2 ), magnesium oxide (MgO) is produced. The properties of magnesium oxide are different than the individual properties of magnesium and oxygen because magnesium oxide is A B C D a solution.
a mixture.
a compound.
an element.
CSZ20823
20
23
Which of the following best describes an atom? A protons and electrons grouped together in a random pattern B protons and electrons grouped together in an alternating pattern C a core of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons D a core of electrons and neutrons surrounded by protons
CSZ30661
Within a substance, atoms that collide frequently and move independently of one another are most likely in a A B C D liquid.
solid.
gas.
crystal.
CSZ20827
14
G R A D E
24
Acetic Acid (Vinegar) O CH3 C O H
1
Science
27
A diagram of the periodic table of the elements is shown below.

Periodic Table of the Elements 3
What is the name of the indicated atom in the acetic acid molecule shown above? A B C D carbon
calcium
chromium
copper
CSZ20659
In which region of the table would nonmetals be found? A B C D 1

2
3
4
CSZ20892
25
Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide? A B C D I and O
Ir and O
Fe and O
Pb and O
CSZ20770
28
The table below shows the atomic mass of four stable calcium (Ca) isotopes. Isotope Ca40 Ca42 Atomic Mass 40 42 43 44
26
What do the elements sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and bromine (Br) have in common? A B C D They are noble (inert) gases.
They are nonmetals.
They have the same thermal conductivity.
They have the same number of protons.
B
CSZ30499
Ca43 Ca44
What characteristic is different in each isotope? A the position in the periodic table of the elements the net charge of the nucleus the mass of the protons in the nucleus the number of neutrons in the nucleus
CSZ30673
C D
15
G R A D E
8
29
A B C D
Science
32
Which class of elements best conducts electricity? metals

nonmetals
semimetals
noble (inert) gases
CSZ20880
30
In a comparison of metals to nonmetals, metals tend to have A lower melting points and greater conductivity than nonmetals. B lower conductivity and lower density than nonmetals. C higher density and lower melting points than nonmetals. D greater conductivity and higher melting points than nonmetals.
CSZ30771
The galaxies pictured above would best be classified as A B C D barred galaxies.

spiral galaxies.
irregular galaxies.
symmetrical galaxies.
CSZ40051
33
A galaxy is best described as a cluster of A B C D hundreds of stars.

thousands of stars.
millions of stars.
billions of stars.
CSZ30179
31 A student divides several cubes into two groups,

based on whether or not each cube can float in water. What property is the student using to classify the cubes? A B C D weight
density
conductivity
mass
CSZ40385
34
To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the A B C D meter.
kilometer.
light-year.
astronomical unit.
CSZ20679
16
G R A D E
35 38
Science
Which of the following sets contains only objects that shine as a result of reflected light? A B C D moons, planets, and comets
moons, comets, and stars
planets, stars, and comets
planets, stars, and moons
CSZ30169
The following equations represent chemical reactions. Chemical Reactions 1 2 3 4 2Na + 2H2O H 2 + O2 Mg + Cl2 H2O MgCl2 NaCl + MgOH NaOH + H2
36
NaOH + MgCl2
An object composed mainly of ice is orbiting the Sun in an elliptical path. This object is most likely A B C D a planet.
an asteroid.
a meteor.
a comet.
CSZ20680
Which equation shows that the total mass during a chemical reaction stays the same? A B C D 1
2
3
4
CSZ30150
37
Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely A B C D different from copper or oxygen.
similar to both copper and oxygen.
similar only to copper.
similar only to oxygen.
CSZ30585
39
Which of the following forms of energy is released or absorbed in most chemical reactions? A B C D light energy
electrical energy
sound energy
heat energy
CSZ30457
40
As a sample of water turns to ice, A B C D new molecules are formed.

the mass of the sample is increased.
the arrangement of the molecules changes.
energy is absorbed by the molecules.
CSZ30112
17
G R A D E
8
41
Science
43
The table below shows the pH and reaction to litmus of four body fluids. pH 7.4 8.2 6.8 1.7 red litmus turns blue turns blue no change no change blue litmus no change no change turns red turns red
Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen (H) to form large molecules? A B C D sodium (Na)
lithium (Li)
sulfur (S)
carbon (C)
CSZ30768
Body Fluid Blood Bile Saliva Gastric Juice
These data indicate that gastric juice is A B C D very acidic.

very basic.
positively charged.
negatively charged.
CSZ20786
44
Which of the following compounds is most likely to be part of living organisms? A B C D C6 H12 O6
BF3
MoCl2
CsI
CSZ30651
42
What characteristic of carbon (C) makes it essential to living organisms? A B C D Carbon forms crystal structures under certain conditions. Carbon can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas. Carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains. Carbon exists in radioactive forms.
CSZ30696
18
G R A D E
Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Correct Answer B C C C A C B D B B D D A B A B C C D C D C C A C B C D A D B B D C A Standard 8PCIE9.D 8PCIE9.D 8PCIE9.E 8PCIE9.E 8PCIE9.F 8PC1.C 8PC1.C 8PC1.D 8PC1.E 8PC1.F 8PC1.F 8PC2.A 8PC2.B 8PC2.C 8PC2.E 8PC2.F 8PC8.B 8PC8.D 8PC8.D 8PC3.A 8PC3.A 8PC3.B 8PC3.E 8PC3.F 8PC3.F 8PC7.A 8PC7.A 8PC7.B 8PC7.C 8PC7.C 8PC7.C 8PC4.A 8PC4.A 8PC4.C 8PC4.D
Science
Year of Release 2007 2008 2006 2008 2007 2006 2008 2007 2006 2007 2008 2006 2008 2007 2007 2006 2008 2007 2008 2006 2006 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2008 2007 2006 2008 2006 2007 2006 2007
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G R A D E
Science
Question Number 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Correct Answer D A C D C A C D A Standard 8PC4.E 8PC5.A 8PC5.B 8PC5.C 8PC5.D 8PC5.E 8PC6.A 8PC6.A 8PC6.B

Year of Release 2008 2008 2006 2006 2007 2006 2006 2008 2007
20
Periodic Table of the Elements

18 8A 2
Grade 8 Science Reference Sheet

He
Helium
California Standards Test
1 1A 1
H Key
11 13 3A 5 14 4A 6 15 5A 7 16 6A 8
Hydrogen
1.01
4.00
2 2A 4
17 7A 9
10
Li Na
Boron Carbon Nitrogen Sodium
Be
22.99 10.81 12.01 14.01
B
13 10
Aluminum Silicon
C
14 15
N P
Phosphorus
O
Oxygen
F
Fluorine
Ne
Neon
Lithium
Beryllium
6.94
9.01
Atomic number Element symbol Element name Average atomic mass* 8

26.98 28.09
16.00
19.00
20.18
11
12
16
17
18
3
5 5B 23 26 28 31 32 6 6B 24 7 7B 25 9 8B 27 11 1B 29 12 2B 30
Na V
Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium
Mg Cr
52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72
Al Ga
49
Si Ge
Germanium
S
Sulfur
Cl
Chlorine
Ar
Argon
Sodium
Magnesium
22.99
24.31
30.97
32.07
35.45
39.95
19
20
3 3B 21
4 4B 22
33
34
35
36
4
50.94
K
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
Ca Nb Pd
Palladium Silver Cadmium Niobium
Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium
Sc Mo
Rhodium
Ti Tc
(98) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41
Mn Ru
76 77 78 79 80
Fe Rh Ir
Iridium Platinum
Co Ag Au
Gold
Ni Cd Hg
Mercury
Cu In
Indium
Zn
As
Arsenic
Se
Selenium
Br
Bromine
Kr
Krypton
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
39.10
40.08
44.96
47.87
72.61
74.92
78.96
79.90
83.80
37
38
39
40
50
51
52
53
54
5
92.91 95.94
Rb
73 74 75
Sr Ta
Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium
Y W
183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08
Zr Re
196.97
Sn
Tin
Sb
Antimony
Te
Tellurium
I
Iodine
Xe
Xenon
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
85.47
87.62
88.91
91.22
114.82
118.71
121.76
127.60
126.90
131.29
55
56
57
72
81
82
83
84
85
86
6
180.95
Cs
105 106 107 108 109
Ba Db
Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium
La Sg
(266) (264) (269) (268)
Hf Bh
60 61 62 63
Os Hs Mt
64
Pt
Tl
Thallium
Pb
Lead
Bi
Bismuth
Po
Polonium
At
Astatine
Rn
Radon
Cesium
Barium
Lanthanum
Hafnium
132.91
137.33
138.91
178.49
200.59
204.38
207.2
208.98
(209)
(210)
(222)
87
88
89
104
7
(262)
Fr
58 59
Ra
Ac
Rf
Francium
Radium
Actinium
Rutherfordium
(223)
(226)
(227)
(261)
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
Ce
Cerium
Praseodymium
Pr
140.91 144.24 (145)
Nd
92 93 94
Pm Np
Neptunium
Sm
150.36
Eu
Europium
Gd
Gadolinium
Tb
Terbium
Dy
Dysprosium
Ho
Holmium
Er
Erbium
Tm
Thulium
Yb
Ytterbium
Lu
Lutetium
* If this number is in parentheses, then

140.12
Neodymium Promethium Samarium
151.96
157.25
158.93
162.50
164.93
167.26
168.93
173.04
174.97
it refers to the atomic mass of the most stable isotope.
90
91
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Th
Thorium Protactinium Uranium
Pa
231.04 238.03
Pu
Plutonium
Am
Americium
Cm
Curium
Bk
(237) (244) (243) (247) (247)
Cf
(251)
Es
Berkelium Californium Einsteinium
Fm
Fermium
Md
Mendelevium
No
(252) (257) (258) (259)
Lr
Nobelium Lawrencium
232.04
(262)
Formulas and Conversions

Length: 1 m = 100 cm 1 km = 1000 m Mass: 1 kg = 1000 g Volume: 1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm3 Water at Room Temperature: 1 mL = 1 cm3 = 1 g
m Density: D = V
d Average Speed: v = t
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CA L I F O R N I A S TA N DA R D S T E S T

Released Test Questions

Introduction - Grade 8 Science

Released Test Questions

Released Test Questions

THE INVESTIGATION AND EXPERIMENTATION REPORTING CLUSTER

8PCIE9.a. 8PCIE9.b. 8PCIE9.c. 8PCIE9.d. 8PCIE9.e. 8PCIE9.f.

Released Test Questions

THE MOTION REPORTING CLUSTER

Released Test Questions

THE FORCES, DENSITY AND BUOYANCY REPORTING CLUSTER

8PC2.e. 8PC2.f. 8PC2.g.

Released Test Questions

THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER AND PERIODIC TABLE REPORTING CLUSTER

8PC3.a. 8PC3.b. 8PC3.c. 8PC3.d. 8PC3.e.

Released Test Questions

THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM SCIENCE REPORTING CLUSTER

Released Test Questions

THE REACTIONS AND THE CHEMISTRY OF LIVING SYSTEMS REPORTING CLUSTER

8PC5.c. 8PC5.d. 8PC5.e.

Released Test Questions

Data from an experiment are presented below. Experimental Data

40 30 20 10 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

The slope of the graph represents what characteristic of an object? A B C D

Released Test Questions

Released Test Questions

Released Test Questions

A force is acting on each of the objects below.

Four forces are acting on a box, as shown below. 40 N downward

Released Test Questions

Released Test Questions

Released Test Questions

A diagram of the periodic table of the elements is shown below.

In which region of the table would nonmetals be found? A B C D 1

Released Test Questions

Which class of elements best conducts electricity? metals

The galaxies pictured above would best be classified as A B C D barred galaxies.

A galaxy is best described as a cluster of A B C D hundreds of stars.

31 A student divides several cubes into two groups,

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As a sample of water turns to ice, A B C D new molecules are formed.

Released Test Questions

Body Fluid Blood Bile Saliva Gastric Juice

These data indicate that gastric juice is A B C D very acidic.

Released Test Questions

Released Test Questions

Periodic Table of the Elements

Grade 8 Science Reference Sheet

California Standards Test

Atomic number Element symbol Element name Average atomic mass* 8

* If this number is in parentheses, then

Neodymium Promethium Samarium

it refers to the atomic mass of the most stable isotope.

Formulas and Conversions

Copyright 2009 California Department of Education

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