Essentialism
Essentialism
William Bagley
Philosophy
Essentialism is a uniquely American philosophy of education which began in the 1930s and 1940s as a reaction to what was seen as a overemphasis on a childcentered approach to education and a concern that students were not gaining appropriate knowledge in schools. The two origins of essentialism is from idealism and realism. Essentialist believe that there exist a critical core of information and skill that an educated person must have.
Philosopher
William Bagley introduced the philosophy of essentialism in education in the 1930s. Then essentialism was criticized as being too rigid to prepare students adequately for adult life.
Purpose of Schooling
Prepare students to be productive, contributing members of society. For essentialist, the aim of education is to teach the young the essentials they need to live well in the modern world.
Teachers Role
Teacher is expert of content knowledge. Teaches essential knowledge. Maintains task-oriented focus.
Teaching Strategies
Avoids methodological frills and soft pedagogy and concentrates on sound, proven instructional methods.
Curriculum
Strong emphasis on basic skills in elementary schools and on disciplined knowledge and scholastic achievement in secondary schools
Students Role
Metaphysics
What is relevant is what helps an individual live well and what benefits humanity.
Epistemology
Truth exists in the classics and modern science. Students must learn process and content. Knowledge is gained through the interaction of experiences and rational thought.
Axiology
Determined by the natural order of things. Values exist in the best of culture.
Logic