PPL100 General Information

100 General Information
Abstract
The Pipeline Manual is a guide for the basic design and construction of pipeline systems. It focuses on design fundamentals, guidelines for practical installations, and specification and purchase of materials and services. It is applicable to small gathering pipelines, large transmission pipeline systems and offshore pipelines. Its guidelines encompass the experience of the Corporations Operating Companies. The manuals broad applicability makes it useful to both engineers and operating personnel. The Pipeline Manual is concerned only with pipelines. It does not provide design information for pump stations, compressor stations or tank terminals, even though these facilities may be covered by the pipeline design codes. The manual includes certain topics related to operations and maintenance, but not a comprehensive description of these functions. The Pipeline Manual organizes in one place much of the Companys information on pipelines, presented in guideline form. It includes Company specifications which are easily used by any Operating Company. Industry standards are also included. For some subjects it advises reference to the more complete discussions in other ETD manuals. Contents 110 120 130 140 150 Contents Code Compliance Legal Requirements Engineering Judgment Mandatory and Recommended Practice Page 100-2 100-2 100-3 100-4 100-4
Chevron Corporation
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Pipeline Manual
110 Contents
The Pipeline Manual is organized into two parts:
Part I - Engineering Guidelines

Section 100 provides a road map for the entire manual, and background information on engineering style. Section 200 describes how to select a pipeline route. Section 300 describes the selection of the physical parts of a pipeline: the pipe, components and coating. Section 400 explains pipeline design and the Companys preferred methods. Section 500 tells how to monitor your pipeline system by using SCADA systems. Section 600 discusses pipeline construction activities and contracting. Section 700 tells you how to ensure a good product through careful inspection and testing. Section 800 explains some operations and maintenance considerations that help produce practical designs. Section 900 covers the subject of offshore pipeline design and construction, discussing the differences and recapitulating the similarities between onshore and offshore pipelines.
Part II - Specifications
Section 2000 introduces the Specifications part of the manual and tells you how to use the documents contained there. The Company Specifications section contains model format specifications with comments and their corresponding data sheets. The Standard Forms and Drawings section contains forms and drawings that pertain to the pipeline guidelines in this manual. The Industry Codes and Practices section provides the industry specifications and practices that the Guidelines and Company Specifications reference. The Appendices provide references, conversion tables, sample specifications, sample guidelines, and background design calculations.
120 Code Compliance

The various pipeline codes (such as ANSI/ASME Codes B31.4 and B31.8 in the United States) contain practices necessary for safe pipeline systems, but are not intended to be complete specifications for all phases of design. The Company recognizes this fact, and the guidelines and specifications in this manual provide the
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supplemental requirements normally needed to obtain economical systems for basic fluid services. A few requirementswhere experience has shown them to be better choicesare more stringent than code minimums. Engineers responsible for design and construction of pipelines are expected to be familiar with and to comply with the appropriate codes even though some of their provisions may not be specifically included in this manual.
130 Legal Requirements

In general, pipelines which conform with ANSI/ASME Codes B31.4 and B31.8 will meet the legal requirements in the USA for gas and liquid pipelines and facilities such as pump stations and compressor stations. See Section 400 for elaboration. In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) is mandatory. Other countries have similar legislation. For general petroleum industry piping, the major effect of OSHA is on construction safety and to forbid the use of regular cast iron for flammable or combustible liquids having a flash temperature below 200F or a temperature within 30F of their flash temperature. Steel, ductile cast iron or malleable cast iron are required. The details of OSHA regulations are still changing, and the most recent revision should be reviewed where the economic effect of this requirement is considerable. Pipeline activities in Canada are governed by the CAN3-Z183 and CAN/CSA-Z184 pipeline codes, and the CAN3-Z245 line pipe code. Some states and localities in the United States have adopted some sections of ANSI/ASME Code B31; however, it is not a legal requirement in most states. OSHA regulations strongly encourage use of Code B31 by stating that compliance with Code B31 and specific OSHA rules is prime facie evidence of compliance with OSHA basic requirements. The United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 192 and Part 195 (49 CFR 192 and 195) cover interstate and continental shelf oil piping and essentially all gas transportation piping. They define the minimum design requirements for oil and gas pipelines. Pipelines regulated by 49 CFR 192 and 195 are the responsibility of the Department of Transportation (DOT). 49 CFR 192 does not incorporate Code B31.8 by reference, while 49 CFR 195 does incorporate Code B31.4 by reference. However, Codes B31.4 and B31.8 contain supplemental design information and their use is recommended. In case of conflict, the applicable part of 49 CFR will govern. The United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 30 Part 250 (30 CFR 250) covers oil, gas, and sulfur operators in the continental shelf. Pipelines regulated by 30 CFR 250 are the responsibility of the Department of the Interior (DOI). 30 CFR 250 covers flowlines, platforms, separation facilities, pumps, and compressors upstream of the first flange on the sales pipeline, which is usually a DOT responsibility pipeline. See Section 900 for explanation. Engineers responsible for design and construction of pipelines in the United States are expected to determine which codes are legally required and if there are any other federal, state, or local regulations governing such construction. The Company
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requires compliance with the most stringent practice. For installations outside the United States and Canada, the engineer responsible for piping design and construction should determine if there are national and local regulations pertaining to piping design. The ANSI/ASME codes remain good guidelines where no other regulations exist.
140 Engineering Judgment

The use of these Guidelines does not eliminate the need for sound engineering judgment. A few examples of special cases that are not covered by these guidelines and that should be given special consideration are: Extraordinary service conditions such as earthquake, high wind, other unusual dynamic loadings, or unusual superimposed dead loads Cold climates that may require special materials to avoid brittle fractures High H2S concentrations that may place restrictions on valve trim and weld hardness Consider upgrading of Class 150 flanges to Class 300 flanges where frequent blinding is required
It is necessary that the user of this manual realize that its use does not release him from his responsibility to use sound judgment in the selection of materials, fittings, valves, and other piping items to meet safety and economic considerations. No attempt has been made to provide for all the in-between or gray areas. Some examples of areas where variations could apply: Use of lighter wall pipe for low pressure systems Use of higher yield strength materials when economics dictate Variation in corrosion allowance or selection of material for handling of corrosive/erosive material
150 Mandatory and Recommended Practice

For the most part, this manual covers RECOMMENDED practice. However, certain codes govern some activities and require that the design and materials conform to a specific standard. These codes are therefore mandatory. MANDATORY in this context means that the engineer and/or operating personnel selecting equipment must conform to the selections as required by the governing code in order to meet minimum safety standards and government requirements. The following definitions also apply throughout this manual: SHALL and IS REQUIRED mean mandatory per code and/or Company requirements.
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SHOULD means advisory guidelines that are to be adhered to where no overriding objections are apparent. An advisory guideline represents a design which is applicable in most cases and represents the experience and expertise of the Company. PREFERRED and RECOMMENDED mean guide-lines which are generally and successfully used within the Company, but there are other choices and methods which are acceptable. MAY means acceptable or permitted options. The above definitions are the same as those used in the Companys Safety-inDesigns Manual.
Chevron Corporation
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November 1988

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100 General Information

100 General Information

Part I - Engineering Guidelines

120 Code Compliance

100 General Information

130 Legal Requirements

100 General Information

140 Engineering Judgment

150 Mandatory and Recommended Practice

100 General Information

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