Traffic Load Characterization

It involves the analysis of

traffic ________, traffic __________, and protocol ___________.

Its hard to characterize traffic load Traffic _______ estimation is critical in network design.
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Concept of Flow
An ______________ connection with
Constant addressing __________ requirements

Preliminary concept
Data ________ and _________ Flow ________s Flow ______________
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Flows
A set of application and protocol information that has some _________ attribute, such as
Source address Destination address Information type Options, ________, or Other end-to-end information

Flows are end-to-end transmitted during a single _________.

Can be directly linked to an application, host, or network, or associated with an end user.
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Flow Analysis
Is an integral part of the overall analysis process. Provide an _____________ perspective on requirements Show where requirements ______ and _______. Provide insight into the degrees of ________ and redundancy needed in the network design Provide information useful in choosing an ____________ strategy, such as switching, routing.
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Types of Flows
An __________ flow, A __________ flow, and A __________ flow

Individual Flow
The basic unit of traffic The flow for a _______ session of an application Flows derived directly from the ___________ spec., or __________ from our best knowledge about the applications and users. Considered either an individual flow or combined into a ______________ flow
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Composite Flow
Combination of individual (________ delivery) flows that share the same _____, link, or network. Used in the __________ planning for the network.

Individual and Composite Flows

Composite Flow Individual Flows ____________ Characteristics _______ characteristics

Network

Backbone Flow
Formed by composite flows when the network achieves a certain degree of ____________. Useful to indicate where in the network a ___________ planning is needed. Useful for developing _______ and addressing plans at a given network hierarchy.
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Backbone Flow
_________ flow Network Network _________ flow

Network

network

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An example of flows

Application A and B

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Data Sources and Sinks

Data source:
A device or group of devices that primarily produces _______ to network

Data sink
________ data from the network, acting as a data repository.

Indicate about where flows are consolidated and ________.

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Example of Flows

Primary storage

Primary storage

Backup storage Server

Backup storage

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Flow Models
Characterized by directionality and hierarchy
Directionality: traffic flow requirement in each _________ (symmetric or asymmetric) Hierarchy:
Degree of ____________ of flows Result of the logical ________ of users, hosts, network, names, addresses, and so on.
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Flow Model types

_______-to-peer _____________ Cooperative computing _________ computing
Loosely coupled Closely coupled

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Peer-to-Peer
Describe flows when all users in a group need __________ to each other for an application.
Example: video conferences

Both ends can act as a data ____ or _____. Most likely to be best-effort Specify _____ hierarchy or directionality
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Peer-to-peer Model
Flows

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Client-server Flow Model

Flows occur in both directions in the form of ________ and __________. __________ flow: Requests tend to be small relative to responses. __________ flows are from servers to clients.
A flow is critical if it is more important in determining where __________ flows are likely to be found.

Example: Web
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Client-Server Flow Model

Potential Data source Server

response request Client

Potential Data sink

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Cooperative-computing Model
Used when
Multiple ________ work together and share information to accomplish a task, or Multiple client-server applications are managed by a _________-level application.

Flows are between

clients and ____________ servers, and Between __________ and from servers to managers.

Critical flows depend on application behavior.

Server-to-server, in client/server case Server-to-server and server-to-_________ when applications are ___________
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Climate Modeling Problem

Atmospheric Systems

Earth Systems Earth Systems

Ocean Systems
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Cooperative-Computing Model for Scientific Visualization

Atmosphere Model
Ocean model

Data passing Between models scientist

Land Model

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Distributed Computing Model

Flows are between _________ and computing nodes or between computing nodes. Depends on __________ between task manager and computing nodes:
__________ coupled
Computing cluster

__________ coupled
Parallel Processing
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Distributed-Computing Flow Model

__________

Computing node

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Distributed-Computing Model for a Computing Cluster

Task manager 1) Finance 2) DB transaction 3) Weekly payroll
Computing Result files Task Initialization Files

Potential Data Sources

Computing node

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Parallel Processing
Task manager Tasks: Node 1 variables Node 2 variables .. Task Initialization Files

Computing node

Data exchanges Between iterations

Critical flow 26

Flow Boundary
________ between large portions of the system. Used to separate geographical _____ of the design environment between
LAN/WAN LAN/MAN ______________ Campus/Campus Building/building Floor/Floor
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Flow Boundary (cont)

Provide a logical separation of the design environment based on where user traffic are __________ or are likely to have __________ requirements. Separate between
___________, where several flows transit an area of the design environment. Flow ___________ points, where several flows converge to one area. WANs, where service providers are likely to be used. ____________ areas, those that have specific service 28 requirements.

Flow Distributions
Show when flows _____ in one region of the network, or ________ one or more regions of the network. Regions may be _______-, metropolitan-, WANs. Traditional flow distributions is the __________.
80% stays _______ a LAN 20% is _______ the WAN.

80/20 rule was a good rule of thumb for sizing ______ in relation to the numbers and sizes of the ________s in the network.
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80/20 Flow Distribution

LAN

Flow _______

WAN

LAN

LAN

_____% of traffic

____% of traffic
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80/20 Rule Modification

Distance-____________ computing or resource use may cause different distribution, e.g. Web. ___________ of physical and logical networks.
Provide an infrastructure for overall connectivity Grouping of users with resources as _______ network. Example: VLAN

Distribution may changes

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Flow Specification
__________ of the requirements for each flow Take one or three forms
____-part flowspec., used for _______ planning of best-effort flows when there are no specified flows. _____-part flowspec., containing both best-effort and ________ flows. Multipart flowspec., providing more detail on individual components of the specified flows.

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Flowspec Algorithm
Only capacity requirements are used in _________ calculations For _________ flows, use all characteristics in the calculation. When guaranteed delay and/or reliability requirements are indicated, use _________ in calculating the flowspec. Capacities generated by the unitary, two-part, and multipart flowspecs are ________ capacity, and do not reflect any performance modifiers.
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Unitary Flowspec

Capacity Best effort environment

SUM (Cbe)

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Two-Part Flowspec
Capacity and ________ planning

Specified environment Capacity

SUM (CDET)

Best effort environment

SUM (Cbe)

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Multipart Flowspec
Capacity and service planning

Guaranteed environment Specified environment

C, R, D

Capacity

SUM (CDET)

Best effort environment

SUM (Cbe)

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