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    To DWDM: Friday, May 10, 2013 Alttc / Tx-1 / WDM D N Sahay 1

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    Rohit Sharma
    This document provides an introduction to dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology. It explains that DWDM was developed to address the problem of fiber exhaustion by allowing multiple optical signals to be transmitted simultaneously over a single fiber. The key components of a DWDM system include optical transmitters and receivers, wavelength multiplexers and demultiplexers, optical amplifiers, and optical add-drop multiplexers. The document also discusses standard wavelength grids, network management challenges, and new applications enabled by DWDM systems.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    To DWDM: Friday, May 10, 2013 Alttc / Tx-1 / WDM D N Sahay 1

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Sharma
    101 views36 pages
    This document provides an introduction to dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology. It explains that DWDM was developed to address the problem of fiber exhaustion by allowing multiple optical signals to be transmitted simultaneously over a single fiber. The key components of a DWDM system include optical transmitters and receivers, wavelength multiplexers and demultiplexers, optical amplifiers, and optical add-drop multiplexers. The document also discusses standard wavelength grids, network management challenges, and new applications enabled by DWDM systems.

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    a introduction about DWDM

    Original Title

    Dwdm Introduction

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document provides an introduction to dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology. It explains that DWDM was developed to address the problem of fiber exhaustion by allowing multiple optical signals to be transmitted simultaneously over a single fiber. The key components of a DWDM system include optical transmitters and receivers, wavelength multiplexers and demultiplexers, optical amplifiers, and optical add-drop multiplexers. The document also discusses standard wavelength grids, network management challenges, and new applications enabled by DWDM systems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    101 views36 pages

    To DWDM: Friday, May 10, 2013 Alttc / Tx-1 / WDM D N Sahay 1

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Sharma
    This document provides an introduction to dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology. It explains that DWDM was developed to address the problem of fiber exhaustion by allowing multiple optical signals to be transmitted simultaneously over a single fiber. The key components of a DWDM system include optical transmitters and receivers, wavelength multiplexers and demultiplexers, optical amplifiers, and optical add-drop multiplexers. The document also discusses standard wavelength grids, network management challenges, and new applications enabled by DWDM systems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 36

    INTRODUCTION TO DWDM

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    (D)WDM : CONTENTS
    THE NEED FOR DWDM : FIBRE EXHAUST- ALTERNATIVES THE CHALLENGE: TAPPING THE UNLIMITED FIBRE BANDWIDTH ACHIEVING THE NETWORKING FUNCTIONS IN THE OPTICAL DOMAIN WDM APPROACH TO FIBRE EXHAUST WDM FUNCTIONAL BLOCK SCHEMATIC DIFFERENCES FROM CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM: THE AMPLIFIER FEATURES : AD(DISAD)VANTAGES DWDM SYSTEMS AT PRESENT OPTICAL AMPLITIERS DWDM COMPONENTS NMS OPTICAL BANDS STANDARD WAVELENGTHS: ITU GRID DWDM APPLICATIONS :
    BENEFIT TO OPERATORS NEW ISSUES BEFOR PLANNERS ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 2

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    FIBRE EXHAUST

    2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s transmitter

    2.5-Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s

    2.5 Gbit/s reciever

    LAY NEW FIBRE AND PUT NEW SYSTEMS

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    FIBRE EXHAUST
    2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s transmitter

    2.5-Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s reciever

    10-Gbit/s transmitter

    10-Gbit/s regenerator

    10-Gbit/s reciever

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    INSTAL HIGHER BITRATE TDM EXPENSIVE, NEW FIBRE NEEDED


    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    FIBRE EXHAUST
    10-Gbit/s transmitter 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s transmitter 10-Gbit/s regenerator 10-Gbit/s reciever 2.5-Gbit/s 2.5Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s reciever

    2.5-Gbitt/s transmitter 2.5-Gbitt/s transmitter 2.5-Gbitt/s transmitter 2.5-Gbitt/s transmitter

    1
    2 3 4

    M U X

    D E M U X

    2 3 4

    2.5- Gbit/s reciever 2.5- Gbit/s reciever 2.5- Gbit/s reciever 2.5- Gbit/s reciever

    DEPLOY DWDM
    Friday, May 10, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 5

    EVOLUTION OF DWDM
    Late 1990s Mid 1990s 64-160 channels 25-50 GHZ spacing 16-40 channels 100-200 GHz spacing Dense WDM, integrated systems with Network Management, add-drop functions. 2-8 channels passive WDM 200-400 GHz spacing WDM components/parts 2 channels Wideband WDM 1310 nm, 1550 nm

    Early 1990s Late 1980s

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    ACHIEVING HIGHER BANDWIDTH


    THREE POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

    INSTAL NEW FIBRE


    INVEST IN NEW TDM TECHNOLOGIES TO ACHIEVE HIGHER BANDWIDTH. DEPLOY DWDM
    Friday, May 10, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    EXPENSIVE
    VERY EXPENSIVE REQUIRE NEW TYPE FIBRE

    ECONOMICA L
    7

    THE CHALLENGE:Continuous growth in traffic


    CALLS FOR TAPPING THE UNUTILIZED BANDWIDTH OF THE MEDIA ACHIEVE NETWORKING FUNCTIONS (ROUTING etc) IN OPTICAL DOMAIN

    JUST LIKE WIDENING OF ROAD USING AVAILAB.E LAND TO MEET INCREASED TRAFFIC
    Friday, May 10, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 8

    DWDM BASICS

    SINGLE FIBRE

    SDH OPTICAL SIGNALS

    NEW REQUIREMENTS:
    Friday, May 10, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 9

    BLOCK SCHEMATIC
    OPTICAL SIGNALS. STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 ATM IP

    Tx

    1 2
    . . . .

    MUX
    W D M

    DEMUX

    Rx

    OFA

    16

    W D M

    TRANSPONDERS
    Friday, May 10, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 10

    Wayside Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer


    1 2 15 TM TM

    WDM MUX
    O A

    WDM DEMU X O
    A

    16

    1-4

    5-8

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    11

    Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing


    Terminal Equipt In-Line Amplifier Terminal Equipt

    fixed OADM: 2

    1 2

    2 2 1 1

    2 1

    Configurable OADM : 1 or 2

    1 2
    OADM : Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

    2 2
    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    2 1
    12

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    OADM Connectivity
    Omnibus
    29 express ch 32 ch WDM

    From terminal to OADM, or from OADM to OADM

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    13

    DIFFERENCES FROM OLD SYSTEM


    REGs FIBRES REQUIREMENT LASERS TYPES OF COMPONENTS CAPACITY FIBRE TRANSMISSION BEHAVIOUR

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    14

    ADVANTAGES OF DWDM

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    15

    Why Optical (DWDM) Networking?


    Fibre Exhaust : Unlimited bandwidth on a fibre pair Bit Rate Transparency Format/Protocol Transparency : IP, ATM etc. Efficient use and rearrangement of embedded optical capacity as per demand. Minimal Capital Expenditure : Capacity Expansions Demand Simpler Operations : Embedded DCC ---> Limited Nes --> Alarm Storm
    Friday, May 10, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 16

    Economics of WDM
    Saving of regeneration costs: one optical amplifier for many channels regeneration cost per channel drastically reduced Saving of fibres/fibre shortage Cost effective compared to laying new fibres

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    17

    DWDM Components
    Transmit Receive Repeater Add Drop Distribution: Cross connects

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    18

    OPTICAL NETWORK ELEMENTS

    TP

    OA

    OADM

    OXC

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    ODEMUX
    19

    TP

    OMUX

    OPTIONAL REGENERATOR

    O/E

    Electrical REGENERATION

    E/O

    TRANSPONDER / TRANSLATOR / WAVELENGTH CONVERTOR


    Friday, May 10, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 20

    Optical Multiplexers & Filters


    W\L FILTER
    W\L MULTIPLEXER

    W\L ROUTER
    Friday, May 10, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 21

    OPTICAL ADD DROP MUX

    COUPLER
    CIRCULATOR

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    22

    OPTICAL CROSSCONNECT T T T T T T T T

    INPUT FIBRE LINKS

    SWITCH MATRIX

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    WAVELENGTH TRIBUTARY ADAPTATION ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM LINKS D N Sahay

    23

    OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS

    Isolator

    Coupler

    Coupler

    Isolator

    Pump laser

    Erbium-doped Fiber-(10-50 m)

    Pump laser

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    24

    NMS FOR DWDM SYSTEMS


    NMS IN CONVENTIONAL SDH SYSTEMS:
    DCC: TIME SLOTS

    DWDM NO TIME SLOTS


    WAVELENGTH SLOTS ONE WAVELENGTH IS DEDICATED FOR N.M.S.
    OPTICAL SUPERVISORY CHANNEL

    OSC needs to be accessed at all points in the network

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    25

    Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)


    Line Terminal Equipment
    1 2 3 4

    In-line Amplifier

    Line Terminal Equipment


    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

    Tx 1 Tx 2 Tx 3 Tx 4

    Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx

    DATA IN

    Tx 5
    Tx 6 Tx 7 Tx 8

    5
    6 7 8 Tx sup

    + supervisory

    Rx

    Tx

    Rx sup

    System Control Processor

    OSC

    System Control Processor

    Friday, May 10, 2013 Network Management ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    Network Management

    26

    OPTICAL BANDS
    EXTENSIVE USE OF WAVELENGTHS
    DIFFERENT VENDORS:INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES NEED FOR STANDARD WAVELENGTH VALUES

    ITU Classification of bands Standard values : ITU Grid


    Center frequency: 193.10THz (1552.52 nm) Standard spacings of 200, 100, 50 GHz for different applications

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    27

    ITU-T BAND ALLOCATION


    Optical Supervisory channel

    C BAND
    BLUE BAND RED BAND
    1560

    L BAND

    1500

    1520

    1530

    1542 1547

    1620

    C BAND PRODUCTS ARE COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE. ERBIUM DOPED FIBRE AMPLIFIERS SUITABLE FOR
    C BAND. GAIN IN RED BAND FLATTEST FOR EDFA. SOME MANUFACTURERS PROVIDE 16 CHANNELS IN RED BAND ONLY. OTHERS USE BOTH RED & BLUE BANDS.
    Friday, May 10, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    28

    ITU T G.692 Frequency Grid


    Nominal Central (THz) 196.1 196.0 195.9 195.8 195.7 195.6 195.5 Central (nm) Nominal Central (THz) 194.7 194.6 194.5 194.4 194.3 194.2 194.1 Central (nm) Nominal Central (THz) 193.3 193.2 193.1 193.0 192.9 192.8 192.7 Central (nm)

    1528.77 1529.55 1530.33 1531.12 1531.90 1532.68 1533.47

    1539.77 1540.56 1541.35 1542.14 1542.92 1543.73 1544.53

    1550.92 1551.72 1552.52 1553.33 1554.13 1554.94 1555.75

    195.4
    195.3 195.2 195.1

    1534.25
    1535.04 1535.82 1536.61

    194.0
    193.9 193.8 193.7

    1545.32
    1546.12 1546.92 1547.72

    192.6
    192.5 192.4 192.3

    1556.55
    1557.36 1558.17 1558.98

    195.0
    194.9

    1537.40
    1538.19

    193.6
    193.5

    1548.51
    1549.32
    D N Sahay

    192.2
    192.1

    1559.79
    1560.61
    29

    194.8 1539.77 Friday, May 10, 2013

    193.4 ALTTC / TX-1 1550.12 / WDM

    LIMITATIONS
    DWDM TRANSMISSION IS ANALOG.
    THE IN LINE AMPLIFIERS ARE ALSO ANALOG. THIS IMPLIES THAT THE SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO WORSENS WITH DISTANCE. TO KEEP THE BER WITHIN LIMITS, THE SIGNALS ARE REQUIRED TO BE 3R PROCESSED IN ELECTRICAL DOMAIN. FIBRE DISPERSION IS ANOTHER LIMITATION.
    Friday, May 10, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 30

    LIMITATIONS
    THE MAXIMUM DISTANCE IS 640 Kms MADE OF 8 SPANS OF 80 Kms. THE ASSUMPTIONS ARE: * FIBRE ATT INCLUDING SPLICE LOSS IS 0.28 dB/km * SPAN LOSS OF 22 dB. * TOTAL DISPERSION IS LESS THAN 12800 ps/nm.
    Friday, May 10, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 31

    New Applications with DWDM


    Long Distance
    Longer Regenerator spacing: Hundreds to Thousands of Kilometers Saving of Regenerators Very Low Bandwidth Cost Scalability Very Fast Commissioning of Optical Paths: Within a week as compared to several months/ year with old technologies Advanced Networking Capabilities
    Friday, May 10, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 32

    New Applications with DWDM


    Metropolitan Area Network
    Unlimited Bandwidth, bit rate and format transparency Efficient Bandwidth use and Management

    Friday, May 10, 2013

    ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay

    33

    New Applications with DWDM


    High speed parallel Data Transport
    Certain Computer Applications Require that Computer Centres be interconnected with multiple high speed channels that have capacity and availability requirements, as well as interlink delay restrictions that can not be met by TDM Transport Systems. In General, DWDM Optical Transport Benefits all Delay Sensitive Applications
    Friday, May 10, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 34

    New Applications with DWDM


    Wavelength Leasing
    Network Customers are beginning to demand high capacity Network Transport that affords high reliability and security, as well as segmentations from the providers Network A spare Wavelength (Leased ) is used to provide clear-channel transport to a customer The Customers Bandwidth requirements are cleanly separated from the providers core Network Needs.
    Friday, May 10, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 35

    Thank You
    Friday, May 10, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 36

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