Chapter 04 - ABAP Data Declarations

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ABAP Data Declarations
ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Objectives
The participants will be able to :
List ABAP elementary data types
Declaring variables List user-defined data types Use arithmetic expressions List field-symbols
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ABAP Elementary Data Types

C: Character Text N: Numeric Text
I: Integer
D: Date
P: Packed #
T: Time
F: Floating Point #
X: Hexadecimal #
STRING
XSTRING
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ABAP Elementary Data Types (Contd.)

C: Character Text N: Numeric Text
I: Integer
D: Date
P: Packed #
T: Time
F: Floating Point #
X: Hexadecimal #
STRING
XSTRING
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Declaring Variables
DATA:
PLAYER(35) TYPE C, NICKNAME(35), POINTS TYPE I, GAMES TYPE I AVERAGE(5) TYPE P, STARTER, ACQUIRED TYPE D.
VALUE 10,
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Initial Values
C: (blank)
N: zeroes
I: zero
D: 00000000
P: zero
T: 000000
F: zeroes
X: 00
The CLEAR statement sets a field back to its initial value, not its default value.
6 ABAP Data Declarations | Dec-2008
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Assigning Default Values
DATA:
PLAYER(35) TYPE C, NICKNAME(35) POINTS TYPE I GAMES TYPE I AVERAGE(5) TYPE P STARTER ACQUIRED TYPE D
VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE
Dr. J, 255, 10, 25.5, Yes, 19760610.
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Declaring Like Fields
DATA:
PLAYER(35) TYPE C VALUE Julius Erving, NICKNAME(35), ACQUIRED TYPE D.
Use the LIKE addition to declare fields with the same format (i.e., data type and length)
DATA:
PLAYER(35) NICKNAME ACQUIRED
TYPE C VALUE Julius Erving, LIKE PLAYER, LIKE SY-DATUM.
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Declaring Constants
The VALUE addition is required.
CONSTANTS: TEAM1(20) TYPE C VALUE 76ers, TEAM2 TYPE TEAM1 VALUE Celtics, TOT_GAMES TYPE I VALUE 82.
If you attempt to change the value of a constant, a syntax error will occur.
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User-Defined Data Types
TYPES:
NAME(35) TEAMS(20) DATA: PLAYER NICKNAME CONSTANTS: TEAM1 TEAM2
TYPE C, TYPE C. TYPE NAME VALUE Troy Aikman, TYPE PLAYER. TYPE TEAMS VALUE Cowboys, TYPE TEAM1 VALUE Packers.
A user-defined data type created with the TYPES statement is used to specify a fields data type in the TYPE addition of the DATA or CONSTANTS statements.
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Output Characteristic for Data Types

Standard Length C = defined length I = 12 P = (2 * defined length) + 1 F = 22 Justification C = left-justified I = right-justified P = right-justified F = right-justified
N = defined length
D = 10 T =8 X = (2 * defined length)
N = left-justified
D = left-justified T = left-justified X = left-justified
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Output for Numeric Fields
DATA:
FLOAT PACK INT
TYPE F TYPE P TYPE I
VALUE 98.7654321E2, VALUE 12, VALUE 32.
WRITE: / FLOAT, / FLOAT EXPONENT 1 DECIMALS 3, / FLOAT EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2, / PACK, / PACK DECIMALS 1, / INT DECIMALS 2. 9.876543210000000E+03 987.654E+01 9876.54 12 12.0 32.00
These fields are not aligned because of the different standard output lengths of the numeric type fields.
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Demonstration
Declaring variables and constants.
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Practice
Declaring variables and constants.
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Assigning Values to Fields

MOVE <value> TO <field>. [COMPUTE] <field> = <value or expression>. ADD <value> TO SUBTRACT <value> FROM MULTIPLY <field> BY DIVIDE <field> BY <field>. <field>. <value>. <value>.
DATA:
TITLE(25), SALARY TYPE P, CNVSALARY TYPE SALARY,
MOVE President TO TITLE. COMPUTE SALARY = 5000000. CNVSALARY = SALARY * 3. ADD 1000 TO SALARY.
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Arithmetic Expressions
Operators + - * / ** DIV and MOD Functions SQRT, EXP, LOG, SIN, COS, STRLEN, . . .
COUNTER = COUNTER + 1. SALARY = BASE * BONUS_PERCENT. LENGTH = STRLEN( NAME ). ANSWER = ( 10 + SQRT( NUM1 ) ) / ( NUM2 - 10 ).
Spacing is very important when using arithmetic expressions!!!
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Sub-Fields in ABAP
DATA: CUSTOMER(10) TYPE C, INV_DATE TYPE SYDATUM.

CUSTOMER = 1234567890. INV_DATE = 19960626. Use an offset and length to display or change portions of a field.
WRITE: / CUSTOMER+8(2), xx, INV_DATE(4).

* Start of Month INV_DATE+6(2) = 01. CUSTOMER+6(4) = ABCD. WRITE: / CUSTOMER, ------, INV_DATE.
90 xx 1996 123456ABCD ----- 06/01/1996
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Date Calculations in ABAP
DATA: DAYSOLD TYPE P, DOB TYPE D, TODAY TYPE SYDATUM.

DOB TODAY = 19621230. = SY-DATUM. Date fields store values as YYYYMMDD.
DAYSOLD = TODAY - DOB. WRITE: You are, DAYSOLD, days old.
You are 12410 days old.
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Demonstration
Assigning values to the fields and doing calculations.
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Practice
Assigning values to the fields and doing calculations.
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Declaring Fields with PARAMETERS
PARAMETERS:
NUM TYPE I, NAME(20) DEFAULT AARON.
ADD 10 TO NUM. WRITE: / NUM, ----, NAME.
Selection Screen
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Selection Texts
These selection texts will be used on the selection screen instead of the parameter names.
Selection Screen With the parameter description

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Demonstration
Creation of a selection screen and displaying the value in the report.
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Practice
Creation of a selection screen and displaying the value in the report.
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Working with Field Symbols in ABAP

DATA: NUM TYPE I VALUE 12. FIELD-SYMBOLS: <F1>, <F2> TYPE I, <F3> TYPE NUM. ASSIGN: NUM TO <F1>, NUM TO <F2>, NUM TO <F3>. WRITE: / Line 1:, NUM, <F1>, <F2>, <F3>. <F1> = 32. WRITE: / Line 2:, NUM, <F1>, <F2>, <F3>. Line 1: 12 Line 2: 32 12 32 12 32 12 32
A field symbol is a pointer that assumes a fields address, not a fields value.
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Demonstration
Working with Field Symbols.
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Practice
Working with Field Symbols.
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Dynamic Assignment of Partial Strings

DATA: TEXT_LINE(30) VALUE ABCDEFGHIJK.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <FSYMBOL>. ASSIGN TEXT_LINE+2(5) TO <FSYMBOL>. * this assigns 5 characters of text_line starting at * position 3 to the field string. WRITE: / Text Line =, TEXT_LINE. ULINE. WRITE: / Field Symbol=, <FSYMBOL>. ULINE.
<FSYMBOL> = 1234567890.
WRITE: / Field Symbol =, <FSYMBOL>. ULINE. WRITE: / Text Line =, TEXT_LINE.
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Dynamic Field Assignment

PARAMETERS FIELD(8) DEFAULT SY-UZEIT. FIELD-SYMBOLS <FSYMBOL>. ASSIGN (FIELD) TO <FSYMBOL>. IF SY-SUBRC = 0. WRITE: / The contents of field, FIELD, <FSYMBOL>. ELSE. WRITE: / Failure assigning field, FIELD, to field symbol. ENDIF.
FIELD
SY-UZEIT
Selection Screen
The contents of field SY-UZEIT 12:32:06

List
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Demonstration
Dynamic assignment with the Field Symbol.
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Practice
Dynamic assignment with the Field Symbol.
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Summary
DATA statement is used to declare a variable (or field) in an ABAP program
"LIKE" and "TYPE" statements are used to declare fields with reference to other variables or fields
CONSTANTS statement is used to declare a constant Text elements can be used to maintain a programs title and column headings, selection texts, and text symbols. These text elements can be maintained in multiple languages A field symbol does not reserve space for the field, but points to the field ASSIGN statement associates a field to a field symbol at runtime The system carries out automatic type conversion if variables are not of the same type ABAP allows to display and change portions of a field by specifying an offset and length
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Questions
What are the different types of data types?
What is a field symbol ? What is the advantage of using it in the program?

How to create a selection screen with the selection screen text?
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Dec-2008

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IBM Global Services

ABAP Data Declarations

ABAP Data Declarations |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

ABAP Data Declarations |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

ABAP Elementary Data Types

ABAP Data Declarations |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

ABAP Elementary Data Types (Contd.)

ABAP Data Declarations |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

ABAP Data Declarations |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Assigning Default Values

VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE

Dr. J, 255, 10, 25.5, Yes, 19760610.

ABAP Data Declarations |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Declaring Like Fields

PLAYER(35) TYPE C VALUE Julius Erving, NICKNAME(35), ACQUIRED TYPE D.

PLAYER(35) NICKNAME ACQUIRED

TYPE C VALUE Julius Erving, LIKE PLAYER, LIKE SY-DATUM.

ABAP Data Declarations |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

The VALUE addition is required.

ABAP Data Declarations |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

User-Defined Data Types

NAME(35) TEAMS(20) DATA: PLAYER NICKNAME CONSTANTS: TEAM1 TEAM2

ABAP Data Declarations |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Output Characteristic for Data Types

ABAP Data Declarations |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Output for Numeric Fields

FLOAT PACK INT

TYPE F TYPE P TYPE I

VALUE 98.7654321E2, VALUE 12, VALUE 32.

ABAP Data Declarations |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

ABAP Data Declarations |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

ABAP Data Declarations |