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7 Silicate Formation

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T in C

25
SiO2
quartz
Na2CO3 soda ash
CaCO3
limestone
CO2(g)
Na2OSiO2
Na2O2SiO2
2Na2OCaO3SiO2
reaction
Na2CO3 + SiO2
Na2CO3 + 2SiO2
2Na2CO3 + CaCO3 + 3SiO2

T in K

-H(T)
kJ/mol

S(T)
J/(molK)

-G(T)
kJ/mol

298
298
298
298
298
298
298

910.9
1129.7
1206.9
393.5
1563.1
2473.6
4763.0

41.5
135.0
92.7
213.7
113.8
164.4
309.6

923.3
1170.0
1234.5
457.2
1597.0
2522.6
4855.3

<===>
<===>
<===>

Na2OSiO2 + CO2
Na2O2SiO2 + CO2
2Na2OCaO3SiO2 +3CO2

dG Teq in C
39.0
25
36.7
25
117.3
25

cP(T)

44.6
111.3
81.9
37.2
111.8
156.5
319.5

cP1(T)

cP2(T)

cP3(T)

cP4(T)

cP5(T)

H1(T)

H2(T)

H3(T)

H4(T)

44.606
111.302
81.874
37.228
111.814
156.504
319.539

61.903
88.565
81.874
37.228
179.080
292.880
501.076

61.903
189.540
81.874
37.228
179.080
261.080
501.076

61.903
189.540
81.874
37.228
179.080
261.080
501.076

61.903
189.540
81.874
37.228
179.080
261.080
501.076

910.900
1129.700
1206.900
393.500
1563.100
2473.600
4763.024

911.480
1115.839
1206.900
393.500
1534.328
2523.994
4611.262

911.480
1125.475
1206.900
393.500
1534.328
2461.401
4611.262

911.480
1125.475
1206.900
393.500
1534.328
2461.401
4611.262

H5(T)

S1(T)

S2(T)

S3(T)

S4(T)

S5(T)

G1(T)

G2(T)

G3(T)

911.480
1125.475
1206.900
393.500
1534.328
2461.401
4611.262

41.500
135.000
92.700
213.700
113.800
164.400
309.616

37.712
161.623
92.700
213.700
106.345
64.575
316.045

37.712
109.469
92.700
213.700
106.345
138.457
316.045

37.712
109.469
92.700
213.700
106.345
138.457
316.045

37.712
109.469
92.700
213.700
106.345
138.457
316.045

923.273
1169.950
1234.539
457.215
1597.029
2522.616
4855.336

922.724
1164.027
1234.539
457.215
1566.035
2543.247
4705.491

922.724
1158.113
1234.539
457.215
1566.035
2502.682
4705.491

G4(T)

G5(T)

-H(298)

S(298)

T2

T3

T4

T5

Hm2

922.724
1158.113
1234.539
457.215
1566.035
2502.682
4705.491

922.724
1158.113
1234.539
457.215
1566.035
2502.682
4705.491

910.900
1129.700
1206.900
393.500
1563.100
2473.600
4763.024

41.500
135.000
92.700
213.700
113.800
164.400
309.616

847
723
3000
3000
1361
983
1483

3000
1130
3000
3000
3000
1147
1483

3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1483

3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1483

0.700
0.700
0.000
0.000
52.300
2.500
252.104

Hm3

Hm4

Hm5

A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

B1

0.000
29.700
0.000
0.000
0.000
35.600
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

43.930
11.000
104.520
44.140
130.290
185.690
370.117

58.910
50.080
104.520
44.140
179.080
292.880
501.076

58.910
189.540
104.520
44.140
179.080
261.080
501.076

58.910
189.540
104.520
44.140
179.080
261.080
501.076

58.910
189.540
104.520
44.140
179.080
261.080
501.076

38.830
244.050
21.920
9.040
40.170
70.540
67.948

B2

B3

B4

B5

C1

C2

C3

C4

C5

10.040
129.080
21.920
9.040
0.000
0.000
0.000

10.040
0.000
21.920
9.040
0.000
0.000
0.000

10.040
0.000
21.920
9.040
0.000
0.000
0.000

10.040
0.000
21.920
9.040
0.000
0.000
0.000

-9.690
24.480
-25.940
-8.540
-27.070
-44.640
-62.969

0.000
0.000
-25.940
-8.540
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
-25.940
-8.540
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
-25.940
-8.540
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
-25.940
-8.540
0.000
0.000
0.000

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

E1

E2

E3

E4

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

E5 hx hx hx

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

876.692
1067.263
834.673
236.542
1396.293
2325.916
4269.666

hx hx hx

hx hx hx

hx hx hx

hx hx hx

hx hx hx

hx hx hx

hx hx hx

874.712 707.581 707.581 707.581 707.581 707.581 707.581


1079.724 997.506 928.471 613.367 613.367 613.367 613.367
834.673 834.673 834.673 834.673 834.673 834.673 834.673
236.542 236.542 236.542 236.542 236.542 236.542 236.542
1320.465 1050.481 1050.481 1050.481 1050.481 1050.481 1050.481
2270.521 2275.383 2266.777 1756.002 1756.002 1756.002 1756.002
3917.220 4017.562 4017.562 4017.562 4017.562 4017.562 4017.562

sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx sx dh dh dh

103.904 109.345 200.848 200.848 200.848 200.848 200.848 200.848


259.856 235.169 335.724 440.445 547.073 547.073 547.073 547.073
378.791 378.791 378.791 378.791 378.791 378.791 378.791 378.791
335.278 335.278 335.278 335.278 335.278 335.278 335.278 335.278
339.829 424.139 519.800 519.800 519.800 519.800 519.800 519.800
411.441 516.353 459.174 447.367 741.230 741.230 741.230 741.230
949.888 1283.451 1119.884 1119.884 1119.884 1119.884 1119.884 1119.884

876.692
1067.263
834.673
236.542
1396.293
2325.916
4269.666

dh dh dh

875.412
1080.424
834.673
236.542
1372.765
2273.021
4169.324

dh dh dh

dh dh dh

dh dh dh

dh dh dh

dh dh dh

dh dh dh

707.000 707.000 707.000 707.000 707.000 707.000


1011.367 972.031 617.591 617.591 617.591 617.591
834.673 834.673 834.673 834.673 834.673 834.673
236.542 236.542 236.542 236.542 236.542 236.542
1079.253 1079.253 1079.253 1079.253 1079.253 1079.253
2224.989 2251.982 1768.201 1768.201 1768.201 1768.201
4169.324 4169.324 4169.324 4169.324 4169.324 4169.324

ds ds ds

ds ds ds

103.904 108.519
259.856 234.201
378.791 378.791
335.278 335.278
339.829 385.711
411.441 513.809
949.888 1113.455

ds ds ds

ds ds ds

ds ds ds

ds ds ds

ds ds ds

ds ds ds

204.636 204.636 204.636 204.636 204.636 204.636


309.101 387.539 572.604 572.604 572.604 572.604
378.791 378.791 378.791 378.791 378.791 378.791
335.278 335.278 335.278 335.278 335.278 335.278
527.255 527.255 527.255 527.255 527.255 527.255
559.000 516.155 767.174 767.174 767.174 767.174
1113.455 1113.455 1113.455 1113.455 1113.455 1113.455

-H1

-H2

-H3

910.900
1129.700
1206.900
393.500
1563.100
2473.600
4763.024

910.900
1129.700
1206.900
393.500
1563.100
2473.600
4763.024

910.900
1129.700
1206.900
393.500
1563.100
2473.600
4763.024

-H4

-H5

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

910.900
1129.700
1206.900
393.500
1563.100
2473.600
4763.024

910.900
1129.700
1206.900
393.500
1563.100
2473.600
4763.024

41.500
135.000
92.700
213.700
113.800
164.400
309.616

41.500
135.000
92.700
213.700
113.800
164.400
309.616

41.500
135.000
92.700
213.700
113.800
164.400
309.616

41.500
135.000
92.700
213.700
113.800
164.400
309.616

41.500
135.000
92.700
213.700
113.800
164.400
309.616

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