PROBLEM 2.

119
A force P is applied as shown to a uniform cone which is supported by three cords, where the lines of action of the cords pass through the vertex A of the cone. Knowing that the cone weighs 2.4 lb and that P = 0, determine the tension in each cord.

SOLUTION
Note that because the line of action of each of the cords passes through the vertex A of the cone, the cords all have the same length, and the unit vectors lying along the cords are parallel to the unit vectors lying along the generators of the cone. Thus, for example, the unit vector along BE is identical to the unit vector along the generator AB. Hence:
AB = BE =

cos 45i + 8j sin 45k 65

It follows that:
cos 45i + 8 j sin 45k TBE = TBE BE = TBE 65 cos 30i + 8j + sin 30k TCF = TCF CF = TCF 65 cos15i + 8 j sin15k TDG = TDG DG = TDG 65

At A:

F = 0: TBE + TCF + TDG + W + P = 0

132

PROBLEM 2.119 CONTINUED

Then, isolating the factors if i, j, and k we obtain three algebraic equations:
i: TBE T T cos 45 + CF cos 30 DG cos15 = 0 65 65 65

or
j: TBE

TBE cos 45 + TCF cos 30 TDG cos15 = 0

8 8 8 + TCF + TDG W = 0 65 65 65

(1)

or
k:

TBE + TCF + TDG =

2.4 65 = 0.3 65 8

(2)

TBE T T sin 45 + CF sin 30 DG sin15 P = 0 65 65 65

or

TBE sin 45 + TCF sin 30 TDG sin15 = P 65

(3)

With P = 0, the tension in the cords can be found by solving the resulting Equations (1), (2), and (3) using conventional methods in Linear Algebra (elimination, matrix methods or iterationwith MATLAB or Maple, for example). We obtain TBE = 0.299 lb TCF = 1.002 lb TDG = 1.117 lb

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PROBLEM 2.120
A force P is applied as shown to a uniform cone which is supported by three cords, where the lines of action of the cords pass through the vertex A of the cone. Knowing that the cone weighs 2.4 lb and that P = 0.1 lb, determine the tension in each cord.

SOLUTION
See Problem 2.121 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3) below: TBE cos 45 + TCF cos 30 TDG cos15 = 0 TBE + TCF + TDG = 0.3 65 TBE sin 45 + TCF sin 30 TDG sin15 = P 65 (1) (2) (3)

With P = 0.1 lb, solving (1), (2), and (3), using conventional methods in Linear Algebra (elimination, matrix methods or iterationwith MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain TBE = 1.006 lb TCF = 0.357 lb TDG = 1.056 lb

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PROBLEM 2.121
Using two ropes and a roller chute, two workers are unloading a 200-kg cast-iron counterweight from a truck. Knowing that at the instant shown the counterweight is kept from moving and that the positions of points A, B, and C are, respectively, A(0, 0.5 m, 1 m), B(0.6 m, 0.8 m, 0), and C(0.7 m, 0.9 m, 0), and assuming that no friction exists between the counterweight and the chute, determine the tension in each rope. (Hint: Since there is no friction, the force exerted by the chute on the counterweight must be perpendicular to the chute.)

SOLUTION
From the geometry of the chute:
N= N ( 2 j + k ) = N ( 0.8944 j + 0.4472k ) 5

As in Problem 2.11, for example, the force in each rope can be written as the product of the magnitude of the force and the unit vector along the cable. Thus, with JJJ G AB = ( 0.6 m ) i + (1.3 m ) j + (1 m ) k AB =

( 0.6 m )2 + (1.3 m )2 + (1 m )2

= 1.764 m

TAB = T AB = TAB

JJJ G AB TAB ( 0.6 m ) i + (1.3 m ) j + (1 m ) k = AB 1.764 m

TAB = TAB ( 0.3436i + 0.7444 j + 0.5726k ) and AC = JJJG AC = ( 0.7 m ) i + (1.4 m ) j (1 m ) k

( 0.7 m )2 + (1.4 m )2 + ( 1 m )2

= 1.8574 m

TAC = T AC = TAC

JJJG AC TAC ( 0.7 m ) i + (1.4 m ) j (1 m ) k = AC 1.764 m

TAC = TAC ( 0.3769i + 0.7537 j 0.5384k ) Then:

F = 0: N + TAB + TAC + W = 0

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PROBLEM 2.121 CONTINUED

With W = ( 200 kg )( 9.81 m/s ) = 1962 N, and equating the factors of i, j, and k to zero, we obtain the linear algebraic equations: i : 0.3436TAB + 0.3769TAC = 0 j: 0.7444TAB + 0.7537TAC + 0.8944 N 1962 = 0 k : 0.5726TAB 0.5384TAC + 0.4472 N = 0 Using conventional methods for solving Linear Algebraic Equations (elimination, MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain (1) (2) (3)

N = 1311 N TAB = 551 N TAC = 503 N

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PROBLEM 2.122
Solve Problem 2.121 assuming that a third worker is exerting a force P = (180 N)i on the counterweight.
Problem 2.121: Using two ropes and a roller chute, two workers are unloading a 200-kg cast-iron counterweight from a truck. Knowing that at the instant shown the counterweight is kept from moving and that the positions of points A, B, and C are, respectively, A(0, 0.5 m, 1 m), B(0.6 m, 0.8 m, 0), and C(0.7 m, 0.9 m, 0), and assuming that no friction exists between the counterweight and the chute, determine the tension in each rope. (Hint: Since there is no friction, the force exerted by the chute on the counterweight must be perpendicular to the chute.)

SOLUTION
From the geometry of the chute:
N= N ( 2 j + k ) = N ( 0.8944 j + 0.4472k ) 5

As in Problem 2.11, for example, the force in each rope can be written as the product of the magnitude of the force and the unit vector along the cable. Thus, with JJJ G AB = ( 0.6 m ) i + (1.3 m ) j + (1 m ) k AB =

( 0.6 m )2 + (1.3 m )2 + (1 m )2

= 1.764 m

TAB = T AB = TAB

JJJ G AB TAB ( 0.6 m ) i + (1.3 m ) j + (1 m ) k = AB 1.764 m

TAB = TAB ( 0.3436i + 0.7444 j + 0.5726k )

and AC =

JJJG AC = ( 0.7 m ) i + (1.4 m ) j (1 m ) k

( 0.7 m )2 + (1.4 m )2 + ( 1 m )2

= 1.8574 m

TAC = T AC = TAC

JJJG AC TAC ( 0.7 m ) i + (1.4 m ) j (1 m ) k = AC 1.764 m

TAC = TAC ( 0.3769i + 0.7537 j 0.5384k )

Then:

F = 0: N + TAB + TAC + P + W = 0

137

PROBLEM 2.122 CONTINUED

Where and
P = (180 N ) i W = ( 200 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 j

= (1962 N ) j Equating the factors of i, j, and k to zero, we obtain the linear equations:
i : 0.3436TAB + 0.3769TAC 180 = 0 j: 0.8944 N + 0.7444TAB + 0.7537TAC 1962 = 0 k : 0.4472 N 0.5726TAB 0.5384TAC = 0

Using conventional methods for solving Linear Algebraic Equations (elimination, MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain N = 1302 N TAB = 306 N TAC = 756 N

138

PROBLEM 2.123
A piece of machinery of weight W is temporarily supported by cables AB, AC, and ADE. Cable ADE is attached to the ring at A, passes over the pulley at D and back through the ring, and is attached to the support at E. Knowing that W = 320 lb, determine the tension in each cable. (Hint: The tension is the same in all portions of cable ADE.)

SOLUTION
The (vector) force in each cable can be written as the product of the (scalar) force and the unit vector along the cable. That is, with JJJ G AB = ( 9 ft ) i + ( 8 ft ) j (12 ft ) k AB =

( 9 ft )2 + (8 ft )2 + ( 12 ft )2

= 17 ft

TAB = T AB = TAB

JJJ G AB T = AB ( 9 ft ) i + ( 8 ft ) j (12 ft ) k AB 17 ft

TAB = TAB ( 0.5294i + 0.4706 j 0.7059k )

and

JJJG AC = ( 0 ) i + ( 8 ft ) j + ( 6 ft ) k

AC =

( 0 ft )2 + (8 ft )2 + ( 6 ft )2

= 10 ft

TAC = T AC = TAC

JJJG AC T = AC ( 0 ft ) i + (8 ft ) j + ( 6 ft ) k AC 10 ft

TAC = TAC ( 0.8 j + 0.6k )

and

JJJG AD = ( 4 ft ) i + ( 8 ft ) j (1 ft ) k

AD =

( 4 ft )2 + (8 ft )2 + ( 1 ft )2

= 9 ft

TAD = T AD = TADE

JJJG AD TADE ( 4 ft ) i + ( 8 ft ) j (1 ft ) k = 9 ft AD

TAD = TADE ( 0.4444i + 0.8889 j 0.1111k )

139

PROBLEM 2.123 CONTINUED

Finally,
JJJ G AE = ( 8 ft ) i + ( 8 ft ) j + ( 4 ft ) k

AE =

( 8 ft )2 + (8 ft )2 + ( 4 ft )2

= 12 ft

TAE = T AE = TADE

JJJ G AE TADE ( 8 ft ) i + ( 8 ft ) j + ( 4 ft ) k = 12 ft AE

TAE = TADE ( 0.6667i + 0.6667 j + 0.3333k )

With the weight of the machinery, W = W j, at A, we have: F = 0: TAB + TAC + 2TAD Wj = 0 Equating the factors of i, j, and k to zero, we obtain the following linear algebraic equations: 0.5294TAB + 2 ( 0.4444TADE ) 0.6667TADE = 0 0.4706TAB + 0.8TAC + 2 ( 0.8889TADE ) + 0.6667TADE W = 0 0.7059TAB + 0.6TAC 2 ( 0.1111TADE ) + 0.3333TADE = 0 (1) (2) (3)

Knowing that W = 320 lb, we can solve Equations (1), (2) and (3) using conventional methods for solving Linear Algebraic Equations (elimination, matrix methods via MATLAB or Maple, for example) to obtain TAB = 46.5 lb TAC = 34.2 lb TADE = 110.8 lb

140

PROBLEM 2.124
A piece of machinery of weight W is temporarily supported by cables AB, AC, and ADE. Cable ADE is attached to the ring at A, passes over the pulley at D and back through the ring, and is attached to the support at E. Knowing that the tension in cable AB is 68 lb, determine (a) the tension in AC, (b) the tension in ADE, (c) the weight W. (Hint: The tension is the same in all portions of cable ADE.)

SOLUTION
See Problem 2.123 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3), below: 0.5294TAB + 2 ( 0.4444TADE ) 0.6667TADE = 0 0.4706TAB + 0.8TAC + 2 ( 0.8889TADE ) + 0.6667TADE W = 0 0.7059TAB + 0.6TAC 2 ( 0.1111TADE ) + 0.3333TADE = 0 (1) (2) (3)

Knowing that the tension in cable AB is 68 lb, we can solve Equations (1), (2) and (3) using conventional methods for solving Linear Algebraic Equations (elimination, matrix methods via MATLAB or Maple, for example) to obtain (a) TAC = 50.0 lb (b) TAE = 162.0 lb (c) W = 468 lb

141