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CF D Tutorial

CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) uses computers to model physical and chemical processes in furnaces. CFD can be used to improve understanding of furnace behavior, evaluate performance of furnaces and new technologies, provide conceptual designs, and identify potential operational problems. It is more cost-effective than physical testing and provides more complete information, helping engineers make more informed decisions. CFD models represent the furnace geometry and operating conditions and solve equations modeling combustion processes to analyze factors like temperatures, emissions and particle deposition.

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ochenapothik2012
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views

CF D Tutorial

CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) uses computers to model physical and chemical processes in furnaces. CFD can be used to improve understanding of furnace behavior, evaluate performance of furnaces and new technologies, provide conceptual designs, and identify potential operational problems. It is more cost-effective than physical testing and provides more complete information, helping engineers make more informed decisions. CFD models represent the furnace geometry and operating conditions and solve equations modeling combustion processes to analyze factors like temperatures, emissions and particle deposition.

Uploaded by

ochenapothik2012
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for Combustion

www.reaction-eng.com (801) 364-6925

What is CFD?

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CFD stands for Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD uses computers to represent (or model) the physical and chemical processes occurring in a furnace

Why Use CFD?


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CFD can be used to:


Improve understanding of furnace behavior & interactions Evaluate furnace or new technology performance Provide conceptual designs Identify potential operational problems Guide experiments

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CFD is more cost-effective than physical testing CFD provides more complete information than testing CFD does NOT make decisions for engineers, but does help them be more informed

How Does CFD Work?


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The CFD model represents the furnace:


Geometry (furnace walls, burners, air ports, cooling tubes, etc) Operating conditions (fuel flow, air flow, surface conditions, etc) Combustion processes
Flow patterns Turbulent mixing Gas-phase chemical reactions Heterogeneous particle reactions Particle dispersion and deposition Radiative and convective heat transfer

Pollutant formation and destruction (NOx, SOx, CO, etc)


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The CFD model solves equations which represent the combustion processes

How Accurate is CFD Modeling?


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CFD model accuracy depends on


Accuracy of the furnace inputs
Geometry Operating conditions Fuel, air and surface properties

Accuracy of the numerical methods used to solve the equations Accurate representation of physical and chemical processes
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Model accuracy is usually limited by the accuracy to which furnace operating conditions and properties are known Validation of CFD models for full-scale furnaces is difficult due to a paucity of reliable measured data

CFD Modeling Approach

Specify geometry & operating inputs Solve equations for combustion processes
Adjust model inputs as needed

Analyze/review results

Specifying Geometry & Inputs


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Required geometry information includes


Furnace dimensions Burner dimensions and locations Air and/or flue gas port dimensions and locations Cooling/process tube dimensions and locations

Required operating information includes


Surface properties Fuel composition, temperature, flow rate and distribution Air composition, temperature, flow rate and distribution Other gas composition, temperature, flow rate and distribution

Computations
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CFD computations can be performed on a variety of computers ranging from desktop PCs to supercomputers Computational times range from several hours to several days depending on the size and complexity of the model
Greater accuracy generally requires longer computing times

There are a variety of CFD software packages available for different types of applications
General purpose CFD software is available from several commercial vendors, but buyers must make sure the software is capable of accurately modeling the problem of interest Specialized, in-house CFD software is sometimes used by R&D or consulting companies to solve specific types of complex problems (such as coal combustion or jet engine combustion)

CFD Results
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Results available from CFD models include:


Gas flow patterns, velocities and pressure drops Fuel and air mixing patterns Gas temperature profiles Species concentrations (e.g., CO, CO2, H 2O, NOx, O2, SO2) Particle trajectories and deposition patterns Particle temperatures and compositions Surface temperatures and heat flux profiles Surface corrosion rates and slagging

The tremendous amount of 3-D information to be analyzed requires graphical viewing

Conclusion
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When used correctly, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a cost-effective method for evaluating furnace performance, operational impacts & emissions
CFD remains an expert-user tool both the CFD software and modeling engineer must be qualified to solve the problem of interest CFD results should be used in conjunction with furnace observations, measurements (where reliable), experience and engineering judgment to provide optimal solutions

For more information regarding CFD methodology or to determine if CFD is right for your problem, contact REI at info@reaction-eng.com or (801) 364-6925

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