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OWG000016 WCDMA-CS basic conception, principle and basic call flow introduction
ISSUE 2.0
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
HUAWEI Confidential
Upon completion this course, you will be able to : Master the basic conception of signaling and trunk network
Master the protocol function listed in the slide

Master the conception of mobility communication Master the basic call flow
HUAWEI Confidential
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Chapter 1 basic conception of signaling network
Chapter 2 basic conception of trunk network

Chapter 3 SS7 basic protocol introduction Chapter 4 mobility communication basic conception introduction Chapter 5 basic call flow introduction
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1.1 Whats signaling 1.2 signaling network 1.3 basic conception of signaling network
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Whats signaling
Signaling is the control signal transferred between communication devices( include user termination, switch devices, etc).
In the communication network, except the signal used to transfer services information, there is information transferred in the network , and such information is not for voice, images or characters about services, but the control signal between communication devices, such as occupancy, release, the busy or free state of devices, the called number, etc. that all are control signals
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Signaling classification-by signaling transfer mode

CAS (Channel Associated Signaling ):
Channel Associated Signaling is in-band signaling in which user call data and signaling are combined.
CCS (Common Channel Signaling ):
Common Channel Signaling is a signaling system used in telephone networks that separates signaling information from user data. Usually TS16 (Timeslot 16) on a E1 interface and TS1 (Timeslot 1) on a T1 interface, are exclusively designated to carry signaling relating to other traffic channels.
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Channel Associated Signaling
Switch A
Switch network
trunk
Switch B
Switch network
Common control
Signaling device
Signaling device
Common control
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Common Channel Signaling

Switch A
Switch network
trunk
Switch B
Switch network
Data link Common control Signaling device Signaling device Common control
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Signaling network
No.7 signaling network is a specific network which is used to transfer the No.7 signaling
It is composed of SP, STP and signaling link
Signaling network is a independent network form telephone network, in china the No7 signaling network has 3 layers
HSTP
LSTP SP
Between two SP (SP or STP) there is a signaling link
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The dual plane structure of signaling network
A
HSTP
HSTP
SP
LSTP
D B
B A
HSTP
D
LSTP
LSTP
SP
F
SP
C
LSTP LSTP
SP
C
LSTP SP
E
SP
B
HSTP
HSTP
HSTP
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SP and STP
SP: SP is a node of signaling network to send or receive the signaling message, and is a initiation or destination of the signaling message
OPC: it is a signaling point to generate the signaling message DPC: it is a signaling destination
STP
STP
STP: if some signaling point is neither OPC nor DPC, its function is only to transfer the signaling message from one signaling link to another signaling link, this SP is STP
SP
OPC
SP
DPC
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Signaling point
8
CIC SLS 4
OPC
DPC
24-bit signaling point combination
14-bit signaling point combination
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Signaling link and signaling link set
Signaling link:
signaling link is between 2 signaling points, and there are at most 16 signaling links between 2 signaling points which are connected to each other directly; If there more than 16 signaling links between 2 directly connected signaling points, the local or the peer end should add new signaling point
Signaling link set:

Signaling link set is a group of signaling links which have same property, and these signaling links are between 2 adjacent signaling points
Link set
Link 0
SPa
Link 1 Link n
SPb
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(SLC) Signaling link code and link number
SLC is the number of signaling link, SLC is unique between 2 adjacent signaling point, SLC has 4 bits, so SLC is from 0-15
Link number is a number to distinguish the link in local office, it is unique in local office
Link set
SPc
Link 2 Link 3 Link n slc2 slc1 slc0
SPa
Link 0 Link 0 slc0 slc1 slc2 Link 1 Link 1 Link n Link n
SPb
Link 2 Link 3 Link n
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Direct connection and similar direct connection
Direct connection
Similar direct connection
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SLS and SLSM

CIC
backup
SLS 4 8 4
OPC
DPC
24
24
SLS: SLS has 4 bits (000F), is used to select signaling link for
No.7
SLS is circularly changed, in order to grantee the symmetrical
burden of each link or link set
SLSMsignaling link (link set) selection mask, it is indicated by a 4 bit code
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Signaling link (set) selection setting principle
Setting principle , suppose there are 4 link or link set:
SLS SLSM
1 1
1 0
0 1
1 0
These bits will be ignored

This bit acts as lowest bit This bit acts as lower bit 1 0 0 1 0 % 4 0 Add 0 in the high bits to constitutes the 0010=0x2 The signaling link number which have the same priority
result
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Signaling route
Signaling route is a logical conception which is used to indicate a path the signaling message go through from OPC to DPC
Link set AB
SPB
SPA
Link set AB
SPB
Link set AB Link set AB Link set AB Link set AB Signaling RT AB Signaling RT AB
SPC
Signaling RTAC1 Signaling RT AC2
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Questions
What is CAS, CCS, and No.7 is owned to which type ? What is the difference of signaling link number and SLC, how many
signaling links can be configured between 2 signaling points, why?
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Trunk network
A province B province
TMSC1
TMSC1
TMSC2
TMSC2
TMSC2
TMSC2
VMSC
VMSC
VMSC
VMSC
VMSC
VMSC
VMSC
VMSC
A area
B area
A area
B area
trunk
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Relationship between signaling network and trunk network

A province B province
SP(INTS) TMSC1 HSTP

HSTP LSTP TMSC1 TMSC2
TMSC2
LSTP VMSC SP(TM)
trunk Signaling link
VMSC
SP(TM)
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Office direction

There is a office direction if there is direct trunk connection between 2 switch Attention: G9 has office direction to the direct connected office, but just MSOFTX3000 has office direction, UMG8900 has no office direction
SCP
HLR 0
GMSC
SMC
MSC
MSC2
3 BSC
2 RNC
TMSC2-A
VMSC-A TMSC2-B VMSC-B
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SRT and RT
SRT
If there is a direct voice channel between two offices, it is taken that there is a sub-route between them
RT
For an office direction, the set of all sub-routes to it is called a route, One route may contain multiple sub-routes, and different routes may contain the same sub-routes
SRT 1
A
SRT 2
C
SRT 3
D
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Trunk circuit and trunk group
Trunk circuit:
The trunk circuit is the component constituting a trunk group, and one trunk circuit corresponds to one timeslot in E1 line
Trunk group
The trunk group is the component building a sub-route, and it is a set

of trunk circuits with the same properties. It can be composed of one or multiple PCM systems. The trunk circuits to the same office direction are grouped into one trunk group The SS7 trunk group is generally bi-directional, and used to carry outgoing or incoming traffic.
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CIC (Circuit Identification Code)
The CIC is used to identify a circuit between two SPs. CIC fields only exist in the TUP and ISUP messages of circuit switched services. Because a CIC field is 12 bits long, there can be 4096 circuits between two SPs in maximum
7 bits
PCM system number CIC
0000001 00000 TS0 0000001 00001 TS1
5 bits
PCM timeslot number E1#0
TS0 TS1
CIC
E1#1
CIC
0000000 00000 0000000 00001
0000001 11111 TS31
TS31
0000000 11111
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CIC number principle

office direction 1
CIC=0, CIC=1,
SP
office direction 2
CIC=0, CIC=1, CIC=m2
. . . . . .
CIC=m1
. . . . . .
SLC=0, SLC=1, SLC=n1
SLC=0, SLC=1, SLC=n2
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Questions

Whats office direction, if MSOFTX3000/UMG8900 has the conception of office direction ? Whats the difference and relationship between RT and SRT ? In which range CIC is unique, and how many CIC can be configured between 2 signaling points ?
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Corresponding Relations of SS7 with OSI Seven-layer Architecture

HLR VLR OSI 7 layer model
INAP
OMAP
MAP
ISUP
TUP
Application Layer
TCAP
Presentation layer
Session Layer
SCCP
Transfer Layer
MT P
Message Transfer Part
MTP(3 ) MTP(2 ) MTP(1 )

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Signaling network layer (Network layer) Signaling Link Layer ( Data Link Layer) Signaling data link layer ( physical Layer)
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MTP123 protocol
Signaling network functions (MTP-3)
MTP3 implement the functions of the network layer of the OSI reference model, and is used to enable management message transmission between the signaling points for the purpose of ensuring a reliable transfer of the signaling messages over the signaling network in case that signaling links and signaling transfer points fail
Signaling link functions (MTP-2)
It is used to transfer signaling to a data link. The level 2 functions together with a level 1 signaling data link provide a signaling link for reliable signaling transfer between two directly associated signaling points; MTP2 can provide signal unit delimitation, signal unit alignment, error detection, error correction, initial alignment, processor outage, level 2 flow control and signaling link error monitoring
It is equivalent to the physical layer of the OSI reference model and is used to generate and receive the signals through the physical channels. It defines the physical, electrical and functional characteristics of a signaling data link and the means to access it.
Signaling data link (MTP-1)
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ISUP and TUP

ISUP (ISDN User Part ):
It defines the signaling messages, functions and procedures required to control voice and non-voice services (for example, circuit switched data communication). The ISUP can not only implement the functions of the Telephone User Part (TUP) and the Data User Part (DUP), but also achieve the ISDN services on a wide basis, thus having a spacious application scope
TUP (Telephone User Part ) The TUP function is similar to ISUP, but can not support data type applications
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SCCP protocol
SCCP protocol (Signaling Connection Control Part ):

SCCP is one of the user parts in the hierarchical architecture of the Signaling System No. 7, and resident at the functional level 4. The SCCP provides additional functions to the Message Transfer Part (MTP) to cater for both connectionless as well as connection-oriented network services to transfer circuit related and non-circuit related signaling information and other types of information between exchanges and specialized centers in telecommunication networks through a SS7 network
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MAP protocol
MAP protocol (Mobile Application Part ):
MAP defines how information is exchanged between mobile system communication network entities for the purpose of achieving Mobile Station (MS) roaming function . MAP can support location update, authentication, encryption, hand over functions for MS
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CAP protocol
CAP (CAMEL Application Part ):

CAP is from INAP, and it is used for the IN services CAP enables signaling interworking between GSM Service Switching Function (gsmSSF), GSM Specialized Resource Function (gsmSRF) and GSM Service Control Function (gsmSCF) of radio IN functional entities, for the purpose of supporting CAMEL services
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Questions
Whats the function of MTP123 ? Whats the function of SCCPTUP/ISUPMAPCAP protocol ?
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GSM area defination
PLMN
MSC area
Location area
Cell area
PLMN
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WCDMA area defination
PLMN
MSC area
Service area Location area
Cell area
PLMN
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IMSI number
IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)
NMSI
MCC
3 digits
MNC
2/3 digits Not more than 15 digits
MSIN
MCCMobile Country Code MNCMobile Network Code MSINMobile Station Identification Number NMSINational Mobile Station Identity
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IMSI number
IMSI number :
IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber Identity IMSI number is a unique identifier allocated to each mobile subscriber in a GSM and UMTS network Its code type is E.212 IMSI can be saved in SIM card, HLR and VLR, and be transferred through MAP interface and wireless interface IMSI has at most 15 digits(0-9), such as 460002289000168
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TMSI number
TMSI number :
TMSI: Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity In order to ensure subscriber identity confidentiality the VLR (Visitor Location Register) and SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) may allocate TMSI to visiting mobile subscribers
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IMEI number
IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
TAC
6 digits
FAC
2 digits 15 digits
SNR
6 digits
spare
1 digits
TACType Approval Code FACFinal Assembly Code SNRSerial Number sparestandby bit Example:490547403767335
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MSISDN number
CC NDC SN
National ( Significant ) Mobile Number
MSISDNMobile Station International ISDN number
CC Country Code, China country code is86 NDC National Destination Code SN Subscriber Number
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MSISDN number
MSISDN number :
Mobile Station International ISDN Number
The MSISDN Number is the standard international telephone number used to identify a given subscriber Its code type is E.164
MSISDN number can be saved in HLR and VLR, and can be transferred in MAP interface
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Device number
CC
MSC number
NDC
MSC Number
LSP
LSP (locally significant part)
CC
HLR number
NDC
H0H1 H2 H3 0000
HLR Number
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MSC/VLR Number and HLR Number

MSC/VLR number :
Its code type is E.164
HLR number
Its code type is E.164 Its structure is CC+NDC+H0H1H2H3+0000
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MSRN/HON
MSRN/HON number :
They are used to address the target MSC They are generated by VLR temporary, when a MS act as a called party, or the MS is being in the handover procedure
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LAI
LAC:A Location Area is a number of cells (defined by the mobile operator) throughout which a GSM / UMTS mobile will be paged LAI: Location Area Identity
MCC

MNC
Location Area Identity
LAC
MCCMobile Country Code
MNCMobile Network Code

LAC: Location Area Code
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SAI
SA: Service area
A Service Area consists of one or more cells within a given LA (Location Area) and may be used to assist in the delivery of location based services
SAI: Service Area Identity
MCC
MNC
LAC
SAC
Service Area Identity

MNCMobile Network Code

LAC: Location Area Code SAC: Service Area Code
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CGI
CGI: Cell Global Identity
MCC
MNC
LAC
CI
Cell Global Identity

MNCMobile Network Code LAC: Location Area Code CI: Cell Identifier
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Questions
Whats the relationship of PLMN, LA, MSC, Cell, SA ?
Whats the composition of IMSI, MSISDN, MSC/VLR number, HLR
number, MSRN/HON, LAISAIGCI ?
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Chapter 3 WCDMA basic call flow

3.1 normal location update flow 3.2 call flow between 2 MSC
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Location update conception

HLR: store MSC/VLR No.
SS7 VLR/MSC: store LAI VLR/MSC:store LAI
LAI2
LAI1 UE/USIM: store LAI, and detect the new LAI
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Normal location update

Um MS Locating updating request(IMSI) BSS BSSAP A MSC MAP B VLR MAP D HLR/AUC Locating updating request imsi/tmsi,old lai,current lai/gci request response
Update location area (IMSI) Authenticate Authentication response
Send parameters(IMSI) Authentication parameters (RAND/SRES/Kc,IMSI) Update location

PVLR
Authentication Authentication
cancel location cancel location ack. Subscriber data insertion ack. Inserte subscriber data Update location ack. (HLR?)
Set cyphering mode Forward new TMSI Update location area ack.
CYPHER MODE COMMAND CYPHER MODE COMPLETE Location updating accepte TMSI reallocation complete CLEAR COMMAND CLEAR COMPLETE
TMSI acknowledge
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Chapter 3 WCDMA basic call flow

3.1 normal location update flow 3.2 call flow between 2 MSC
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Call flow between MSCs

HLR
SS7
VLR/MSC1
LAI2
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LAI1
MS Call Another MS in same MSC

MSa RACH Um BSSa A MSC B VLR D HLR A channel request CM service req.) CM service req.) Send parameters (IMSI/TMSI) Authentication para. (IMSI,RAND/SRES/Kc) SDCCH CM service request (CKSN,IMSI/TMSI) BSSb Um MSb
Authentication request(RAND,CKSNn) Authentication response(SRES) CM service accept CIPHER MODE COMMAND(Kc) CIPHER MODE COMPLETE Setup ( MSISDN) Call proceeding ASSIGNMENT ASSIGNMENT REQUEST COMPLETE
Authenticate (RAND,CKSNn) Authen. res.(SRES) Set cyphering mode Access req. accepted (IMSI/MSISDN)
Send info. for o/g call setup Complete Call
Send routing info req. (MSISDN, supplyment service info ) Provide roaming number req(IMSI) Provide roaming number Ind Send Routing infomation acknowledge send info.for i/c call setup page MS(LAI) PAGING(LAI,IMSI) Page response(LAI,GCI) Page response
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MSa Um BSSa A MSC B VLR D HLR A BSSb Um MSb
Process access req.
Send para. (IMSI/TMSI)
Authen. para. Authenticate (IMSI,RAND/SRES/Kc) (RAND,CKSNn) Authentication request(RAND,CKSNn) Authentication(SRES) Authentication response(SRES) Set cyphering mode Access request accepted Complete call
CIPHER MODE COMMAND(Kc) CIPHER MODE COMPLETE Setup calling MSISDN Call confirmed ASSIGNMENT REQUEST ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE Alerting Connect
Alerting Connect
Connect acknowledge Connect acknowledge
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Um MSa BSSa A MSC B VLR D HLR A BSSb Disconnect Release Release complete
CLEAR COMMAND CLEAR COMPLETE
Um MSb
Disconnect Release
Release CLEAR CLEAR
complete COMMMAND COMPLETE
Disconnect Disconnect Release Release Release complete CLEAR COMMAND CLEAR COMMAND CLEAR COMPLETE LEAR COMPLETE Release complete
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Questions
Whats the function of MSRN ?
Please describe a normal location update and call flow
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Thank you!
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Security Level:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Master the protocol function listed in the slide

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Chapter 1 basic conception of signaling network

Chapter 2 basic conception of trunk network

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Chapter 1 basic conception of signaling network

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Signaling classification-by signaling transfer mode

CCS (Common Channel Signaling ):

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Channel Associated Signaling

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Common Channel Signaling

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Chapter 1 basic conception of signaling network

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Between two SP (SP or STP) there is a signaling link

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The dual plane structure of signaling network

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Chapter 1 basic conception of signaling network

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

24-bit signaling point combination

14-bit signaling point combination

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Signaling link and signaling link set

Signaling link set:

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(SLC) Signaling link code and link number

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Direct connection and similar direct connection

Similar direct connection

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SLS and SLSM

burden of each link or link set

SLSMsignaling link (link set) selection mask, it is indicated by a 4 bit code

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Signaling link (set) selection setting principle

Setting principle , suppose there are 4 link or link set:

These bits will be ignored

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Signaling RTAC1 Signaling RT AC2

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signaling links can be configured between 2 signaling points, why?

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Chapter 1 basic conception of signaling network

Chapter 2 basic conception of trunk network

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Relationship between signaling network and trunk network

SP(INTS) TMSC1 HSTP

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Trunk circuit and trunk group

The trunk group is the component building a sub-route, and it is a set