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JSPBasics

JSP

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JSPBasics

JSP

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Swapnil Bankar

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Java Server Pages (JSP) Basics

Disclaimer & Acknowledgments

Even though Sang Shin and Sameer Tyagi are full-time employees of Sun Microsystems, the contents here are created as their own personal endeavor and thus does not reflect any official stance of Sun Microsystems. Sun Microsystems is not responsible for any inaccuracies in the contents. Acknowledgments

arge portion of slides, speaker notes, and e!ample code of this presentation are created from "#S$% section of #ava &S'$ tutorial written by Stephanie (odoff of Sun Microsystems Many slides are borrowed from "Servlet)#S$% codecamp material authored by 'oris *hen of Sun Microsystems Some e!ample codes and contents are borrowed from "*ore Servlets and #avaServer $ages% book written by Marty +all
2

Revision History

,-)-.)-//-0 version , created by Sameer Tyagi /,),-)-//10 version - revised by Sang Shin with speaker notes /2),1)-//10 version 1 revised 3Sang Shin4

Sub-topics of JSP

Sub-topics of #S$

#S$ (asic #ava(eans for #S$ *ustom tags #S$ Standard Tag ibrary 3#ST 4

&e will deal with only the first two topics in this session

Advanced Topics of Servlet)#S$

M5* 3Model-5iew-*ontroller4 $attern Model - 6ramework Apache Struts #ava Server 6aces 3#S64 7ther frameworks

Agenda

#S$ in big picture of #ava EE 8ntroduction to #S$ ife-cycle of #S$ page Steps for developing #S$-based &eb application 'ynamic contents generation techni9ues in #S$ 8nvoking #ava code using #S$ scripting elements #ava(eans for #S$ Error handling 7

JSP in a Big Picture of Java EE

#S$ : Servlet in #ava EE Architecture

An e!tensible &eb technology that uses template data, custom elements, scripting languages, and server-side #ava ob;ects to return dynamic content to a client. Typically the template data is +TM or <M elements. The client is often a Web browser. Java Servlet A #ava program that e!tends the functionality of a &eb server, generating dynamic content and interacting with &eb clients using a request-response paradigm.

&hat do you mean by Static : 'ynamic *ontents=

Static contents

Typically static +TM page Same display for everyone *ontents is dynamically generated based on conditions *onditions could be

'ynamic contents

>ser identity Time of the day >ser entered values through forms and selections Etrade webpage customi?ed ;ust for you, my @ahoo
10

E!amples

JS & Servlet as Web !omponents

&hat is #S$ $age=

A te!t-based document capable of returning both static and dynamic content to a client browser Static content and dynamic content can be intermi!ed Static content

+TM , <M , Te!t #ava code 'isplaying properties of #ava(eans 8nvoking business logic defined in *ustom tags

'ynamic content

A Simple #S$ $age 3(lue0 static, Aed0 'ynamic contents4

<html> <body> Hello World! <br> Current time is <%= new java.util.Date() %> < body> < html>

"utput

#S$ Serv!ets
HTML code in Java B Not easy to aut or
B B

JSP
Java-!i"e code in HTML B #ery easy to aut or B $ode is co%pi!ed into a serv!et

#S$ (enefits

*ontent and display logic are separated Simplify web application development with #S$, #ava(eans and custom tags Supports software reuse through the use of components 3#ava(eans, *ustom tags4 Automatic deployment

Aecompile automatically when changes are made to #S$ pages

Easier to author web pages $latform-independent

&hy #S$ over Servlet=

Servlets can do a lot of things, but it is pain to0

>se those println34 statements to generate +TM page Maintain that +TM page

Co need for compiling, packaging,* ASS$AT+ setting

'o 8 have to >se #S$ over Servlet or vice-versa=

Co, you want to use both leveraging the strengths of each technology

ServletDs strength is "controlling and dispatching% #S$Ds strength is "displaying%

8n a typically production environment, both servlet and #S$ are used in a so-called M5* 3Model-5iew-*ontroller4 pattern

Servlet handles controller part #S$ handles view part

JS Arc#itecture
19

&eb Application 'esigns

Separate Ae9uest processing 6rom Servlet $resentation

Pure Servlet
Public class OrderServlet{ public void doGet(){ if(isOrderValid(req)){ saveOrder(req); out.println(<html !); out.println(<bod" !); private void isOrderValid(.){ # private void saveOrder(.){ # } Request processing Public class OrderServlet{ public void doGet(){ if(bean.isOrderValid(..)){ bean.saveOrder(.); for'ard(conf.(sp!); # }

JSP
presentation <html <bod" <ora$ loop name %order! .. <&ora$loop <bod" <&html

JavaBeans
isOrderValid( )
$usiness logic

saveOrder( )
21

JS Arc#itecture

%i&e-!ycle o& a JS age

How Does JS Work'

User Request Server File JSP Changed ?

Create Source Compile

Execute Servlet
24

age %i&ecycle #ases

Translation phase *ompile phase E!ecution phase

(ranslation)!ompilation #ase

#S$ files get translated into servlet source code, which is then compiled 'one by the container automatically The first time #S$ page is accessed after it is deployed 3or modified and redeployed4 6or #S$ page "pageCame%, the source code resides

EAppServerF+7MEG)work)Standard Engine)localhost)conte!tFroot)pageCameH;sp.;ava EAppServerF+7MEG)work)Standard Engine)localhost)date)inde!H;sp.;ava

(ranslation)!ompilation #ase

Static Template data is transformed into code that will emit data into the stream #S$ elements are treated differently

'irectives are used to control how &eb container translates and e!ecutes #S$ page Scripting elements are inserted into #S$ pageDs servlet class Elements of the form E;sp0!!! ...)G are converted into method calls to #ava(eans components

JS %i&ecycle *et#ods during +,ecution #ase

-nitiali.ation o& a JS

age

'eclare methods for performing the following tasks using #S$ declaration mechanism

Aead persistent configuration data 8nitiali?e resources $erform any other one-time activities by overriding ;sp8nit34 method of #sp$age interface

/inali.ation o& a JS

age

'eclare methods for performing the following tasks using #S$ declaration mechanism

Aead persistent configuration data Aelease resources $erform any other one-time cleanup activities by overriding ;sp'estroy34 method of #sp$age interface

+,ample0 initdestroy12sp
&'( page i%port)*database+,* '&'( page errorPage)*errorpage+.sp* '&'-- /ec!are initia!i0ation and fina!i0ation %et ods using JSP dec!aration -'&'1 private Boo"/B23 boo"/B234 pub!ic void .sp5nit() 6 77 retrieve database access ob.ect8 9 ic 9as set once per 9eb app!ication boo"/B23 ) (Boo"/B23)getServ!et$onte:t()+get2ttribute(*boo"/B*)4 if (boo"/B23 )) nu!!) Syste%+out+print!n(*$ou!dn;t get database+*)4 < pub!ic void .sp/estroy() 6 boo"/B23 ) nu!!4 <

Steps &or Developing JS -based Web Application

Web Application Development and Deployment Steps

,.&rite 3and compile4 the &eb component code 3Servlet or #S$4 and helper classes referenced by the web component code -.*reate any static resources 3for e!ample, images or +TM pages4 1.*reate deployment descriptor 3web.!ml4 ..(uild the &eb application 3I.war file or deployment-ready directory4 2.8nstall or deploy the web application into a &eb container

*lients 3(rowsers4 are now ready to access them via >A

31 Write and compile t#e Web component code

*reate development tree structure &rite either servlet code and)or #S$ pages along with related helper code *reate build.!ml for Ant-based build 3and other application life-cycle management4 process

Development (ree Structure

Jeep &eb application source separate from compiled files

facilitate iterative development build.!ml0 Ant build file conte!t.!ml0 7ptional application configuration file src0 #ava source of servlets and #ava(eans components web0 #S$ pages and +TM pages, images
35

Aoot directory

+,ample0 Hello3 +,ample (ree Structure 4be&ore 5ant build6 command7

hello, directory 3from #ava EE ,.. tutorial4 web directory duke.waving.gif inde!.;sp response.;sp &E(-8C6 directory web.!ml build.!ml 3it does not have src directory since this does not use any #ava classes as utility classes4
36

81 !reate any static resources

+TM pages

*ustom pages ogin pages Error pages

8mage files that are used by +TM pages or #S$ pages

E!ample0 duke.waving.gif

91 !reate deployment descriptor 4web1,ml7

'eployment descriptor contains deployment time runtime instructions to the &eb container

>AC that the client uses to access the web component

Every web application has to have it

web1,ml &or Hello3

<!"ml version=#$.%# en&odin'=#()*+,,-.+$#!> <!D*C/012 web+a33 1456(C 7+ )un 8i&rosystems9 (n&. D/D Web :33li&ation ;.< 2=7 7htt3> java.sun.&om dtd web+a33?;?<.dtd7> <web+a33> <dis3lay+name>Hello;< dis3lay+name> <des&ri3tion>no des&ri3tion< des&ri3tion> <servlet> <servlet+name>'reetin'< servlet+name> <dis3lay+name>'reetin'< dis3lay+name> <des&ri3tion>no des&ri3tion< des&ri3tion> <js3+@ile> 'reetin'.js3< js3+@ile> <!++ what 'ets &alled ++> < servlet> <servlet+ma33in'> <servlet+name>'reetin'< servlet+name> <url+3attern> 'reetin'< url+3attern> <!++ 4A6 @rom browser ++ > < servlet+ma33in'> < web+a33> 39

:1 $uild t#e Web application

Either I.&AA file or unpacked form of I.&AA file (uild process is made of

create build directory 3if it is not present4 and its subdirectories copy I.;sp files under build directory compile #ava code into build)&E(-8C6)classes directory copy web.!ml file into build)&E(-8C6 directory copy image files into build directory
40

+,ample0 Hello8 (ree Structure 4a&ter 5ant build6 command7

+ello web directory build.!ml build directory &E(-8C6 directory classes directory web.!ml duke.waving.gif greeting.;sp response.;sp
41

;1 -nstall or Deploy Web application

There are - different ways to install)deploy &eb application

(y asking Tomcat Manager via sending a command to it 3Tomcat Manager is ;ust another Servlet app that is always running4 ant install ant deploy (y manually copying files to TomcatDs webapps directory and then restarting Tomcat
42

;13 -nstall or Deploy Web application

5ia Tomcat manager

@ou need proper credential to perform this This is why you need build.properties file with proper userid and password, otherwise you will e!perience +TT$ ./, error ant install for temporary deployment ant deploy for permanent deployment *opying I.war file or unpacked directory to EtomcatinstallG)webapps) directory manually and then restart Tomcat
43

Manual Method

<1 er&orm !lient Access to Web Application

6rom a browser, go to >AC of the &eb application

http0))localhost0K/K/)hello-)greeting

#ttp0))local#ost0=>=>)#ello8)greeting

response12sp

!omparing Hello3 Servlet & Hello8 JS code

?reetingServlet12ava 437
im3ort im3ort im3ort im3ort im3ort java.io.BC java.util.BC java.sDl.BC java".servlet.BC java".servlet.htt3.BC

BB B /his is a sim3le e"am3le o@ an H//1 )ervlet. (t res3onds to the E2/ B method o@ the H//1 3roto&ol. B 3ubli& &lass Ereetin')ervlet e"tends Htt3)ervlet F 3ubli& void doEet (Htt3)ervletAeDuest reDuest9 Htt3)ervletAes3onse res3onse) throws )ervlet2"&e3tion9 (*2"&e3tion res3onse.setContent/y3e(#te"t html#)C res3onse.set5u@@er)iGe(,$.;)C 1rintWriter out = res3onse.'etWriter()C then write the data o@ the res3onse out.3rintln(#<html># H #<head><title>Hello< title>< head>#)C

?reetingServlet12ava 487
then write the data o@ the res3onse out.3rintln(#<body b'&olor=I#J@@@@@@I#># H #<im' sr&=I#duKe.wavin'.'i@I#># H #<h;>Hello9 my name is DuKe. What7s yours!< h;># H #<@orm method=I#'etI#># H #<in3ut ty3e=I#te"tI# name=I#usernameI# siGe=I#;-I#># H #<3>< 3># H #<in3ut ty3e=I#submitI# value=I#)ubmitI#># H #<in3ut ty3e=I#resetI# value=I#AesetI#># H #< @orm>#)C )trin' username = reDuest.'et1arameter(#username#)C dis3at&h to another web resour&e i@ ( username != null LL username.len'th() > % ) F AeDuestDis3at&her dis3at&her = 'et)ervletConte"t().'etAeDuestDis3at&her(# res3onse#)C i@ (dis3at&her != null) dis3at&her.in&lude(reDuest9 res3onse)C M out.3rintln(#< body>< html>#)C out.&lose()C

?reetingServlet12ava 497
3ubli& )trin' 'et)ervlet(n@o() F return #/he Hello servlet says hello.#C M M

greeting12sp
<html> <head><title>Hello< title>< head> <body b'&olor=#white#> <im' sr&=#duKe.wavin'.'i@#> <h;>8y name is DuKe. What is yours!< h;> <@orm method=#'et#> <in3ut ty3e=#te"t# name=#username# siGe=#;-#> <3>< 3> <in3ut ty3e=#submit# value=#)ubmit#> <in3ut ty3e=#reset# value=#Aeset#> < @orm> <% %> <% )trin' username = reDuest.'et1arameter(#username#)C i@ ( username != null LL username.len'th() > % ) F <%Nin&lude @ile=#res3onse.js3# %> M

%> < body> < html>

ResponseServlet12ava
im3ort im3ort im3ort im3ort im3ort java.io.BC java.util.BC java.sDl.BC java".servlet.BC java".servlet.htt3.BC

/his is a sim3le e"am3le o@ an H//1 )ervlet. (t res3onds to the E2/ method o@ the H//1 3roto&ol. 3ubli& &lass Aes3onse)ervlet e"tends Htt3)ervlet F 3ubli& void doEet (Htt3)ervletAeDuest reDuest9 Htt3)ervletAes3onse res3onse) throws )ervlet2"&e3tion9 (*2"&e3tionF 1rintWriter out = res3onse.'etWriter()C then write the data o@ the res3onse )trin' username = reDuest.'et1arameter(#username#)C i@ ( username != null LL username.len'th() > % ) out.3rintln(#<h;>Hello9 # H username H #!< h;>#)C

3ubli& )trin' 'et)ervlet(n@o() F return #/he Aes3onse servlet says hello.#C M

response12sp
<h;><@ont &olor=#bla&K#>Hello9 <%=username%>!< @ont>< h;>

JS 5is6 Servlet@
54

JS is 5Servlet6

#S$ pages get translated into servlet

Tomcat translates greeting.;sp into greetingH;sp.;ava

Scriptlet 3#ava code4 within #S$ page ends up being inserted into ;spService34 method of resulting servlet 8mplicit ob;ects for servlet are also available to #S$ page designers, #ava(eans developers, custom tag designers

greetingA2sp12ava 437
3a&Ka'e or'.a3a&he.js3C im3ort im3ort im3ort im3ort java".servlet.BC java".servlet.htt3.BC java".servlet.js3.BC or'.a3a&he.jas3er.runtime.BC

3ubli& &lass 'reetin'Ojs3 e"tends Htt3Ps35ase F stati& F M 3ubli& 'reetin'Ojs3( ) F M 3rivate stati& boolean ?js3"?inited = @alseC 3ubli& @inal void ?js3"?init() throws or'.a3a&he.jas3er.runtime.Ps32"&e3tion F M

greetingA2sp12ava 487
3ubli& void ?js3)ervi&e(Htt3)ervletAeDuest reDuest9 Htt3)ervletAes3onse res3onse) throws java.io.(*2"&e3tion9 )ervlet2"&e3tion F Ps3Qa&tory ?js3"Qa&tory = nullC 1a'eConte"t 3a'eConte"t = nullC Htt3)ession session = nullC )ervletConte"t a33li&ation = nullC )ervletCon@i' &on@i' = nullC Ps3Writer out = nullC *bje&t 3a'e = thisC )trin' ?value = nullC

greetingA2sp12ava 497
try F i@ (?js3"?inited == @alse) F syn&hroniGed (this) F i@ (?js3"?inited == @alse) F ?js3"?init()C ?js3"?inited = trueC M M M ?js3"Qa&tory = Ps3Qa&tory.'etDe@aultQa&tory()C res3onse.setContent/y3e(#te"t htmlC&harset=()*+,,-.+$#)C 3a'eConte"t = ?js3"Qa&tory.'et1a'eConte"t(this9 reDuest9 res3onse9##9 true9 ,$.;9 true)C a33li&ation = 3a'eConte"t.'et)ervletConte"t()C &on@i' = 3a'eConte"t.'et)ervletCon@i'()C session = 3a'eConte"t.'et)ession()C out = 3a'eConte"t.'et*ut()C
58

greetingA2sp12ava 4:7
H/86 be'in R@ile=# 'reetin'.js3#C@rom=(<,9S)Cto=(-<9%)T

out.write(#InIn<html>In<head><title>Hello< title>< head>In<body b'&olor=I#whiteI#>In<im' sr&=I#duKe.wavin'.'i@I#> In<h;>8y name is DuKe. What is yours!< h;>InIn<@orm method=I#'etI#>In<in3ut ty3e=I#te"tI# name=I#usernameI# siGe=I#;-I#>In<3>< 3>In<in3ut ty3e=I#submitI# value=I#)ubmitI#>In<in3ut ty3e=I#resetI# value=I#AesetI#>In< @orm>InIn#)C end be'in R@ile=# 'reetin'.js3#C@rom=(-<9;)Cto=(-U9%)T )trin' username = reDuest.'et1arameter(#username#)C i@ ( username != null LL username.len'th() > % ) F end H/86 be'in R@ile=# 'reetin'.js3#C@rom=(-U9;)Cto=(-V9S)T out.write(#In #)C end H/86 be'in R@ile=# res3onse.js3#C@rom=(<,9S)Cto=(S%9<$)T out.write(#InIn<h;><@ont &olor=I#bla&KI#>Hello9 #)C end be'in R@ile=# res3onse.js3#C@rom=(S%9<S)Cto=(S%9S;)T out.3rint(username)C 59

greetingA2sp12ava 4;7
H/86 be'in R@ile=# res3onse.js3#C@rom=(S%9SS)Cto=(--9%)T out.write(#!< @ont>< h;>InInInInInInInInInInInInInInIn#)C end H/86 be'in R@ile=# 'reetin'.js3#C@rom=(-V9<V)Cto=(-,9%)T out.write(#In#)C end be'in R@ile=# 'reetin'.js3#C@rom=(-,9;)Cto=(U%9%)T M end H/86 be'in R@ile=# 'reetin'.js3#C@rom=(U%9;)Cto=(U<9%)T out.write(#In< body>In< html>In#)C end M &at&h (/hrowable t) F i@ (out != null LL out.'et5u@@er)iGe() != %) out.&lear5u@@er()C i@ (3a'eConte"t != null) 3a'eConte"t.handle1a'e2"&e3tion(t)C M @inally F i@ (?js3"Qa&tory != null) ?js3"Qa&tory.release1a'eConte"t(3a'eConte"t)C M 60

Dynamic !ontent ?eneration (ec#niques in JS

Dynamic !ontents ?eneration (ec#niques wit# JS (ec#nology

5arious techni9ues can be chosen depending on the following factors

si?e and comple!ity of the pro;ect Ae9uirements on re usability of code, maintainability, degree of robustness

Simple to incrementally comple! techni9ues are available

Dynamic !ontents ?eneration (ec#niques wit# JS

a4 *all #ava code directly within #S$ b4 *all #ava code indirectly within #S$ c4 >se #ava(eans within #S$ d4 'evelop and use your own custom tags e4 everage 1rd-party custom tags or #ST 3#S$ Standard Tag ibrary4 f4 6ollow M5* design pattern g4 everage proven Model- frameworks
63

4a7 !all Java code directly

$lace all #ava code in #S$ page Suitable only for a very simple &eb application

hard to maintain hard to reuse code hard to understand for web page authors

Cot recommended for relatively sophisticated &eb applications

weak separation between contents and presentation

4b7 !all Java code indirectly

'evelop separate utility classes 8nsert into #S$ page only the #ava code needed to invoke the utility classes (etter separation of contents generation from presentation logic than the previous method (etter re usability and maintainability than the previous method Still weak separation between contents and presentation, however

4c7 Bse Java$eans

'evelop utility classes in the form of #ava(eans everage built-in #S$ facility of creating #ava(eans instances, getting and setting #ava(eans properties

>se #S$ element synta!

Easier to use for web page authors (etter re usability and maintainability than the previous method
66

4d7 Develop and Bse !ustom (ags

'evelop sophisticated components called custom tags

*ustom tags are specifically designed for #S$ More than ;ust getter and setter methods

More powerful than #ava(eans component

re usability, maintainability, robustness 'evelopment of custom tags are more difficult than creating #ava(eans, however
67

4e7 Bse 9rd-party !ustom tags or JS(%

There are many open source and commercial custom tags available

Apache Struts

#ST 3#S$ Standard Tag ibrary4 standardi?e the set of custom tags that should be available over #ava EE platform at a minimum

As a developer or deployer, you can be assured that a standard set of custom tags are already present in #ava EE compliant platform 3#-EE ,.1 and after4

4&7 Design)Bse *C! Design attern

6ollow M5* design pattern

Model using some model technologies 5iew using #S$ *ontroller using Servlet

*reating and maintaining your own M5* framework is highly discourage, however

4g7 Bse roven C! odel8 /rameworks

There are many to choose from

Apache Struts #avaServer 6aces 3#S64 7ther frameworks0 Echo, Tapestry, &eb&orks, &icket

-nvoking Java !ode wit# JS Scripting +lements

JS Scripting +lements

ets you insert #ava code into the servlet that will be generated from #S$ page Minimi?e the usage of #S$ scripting elements in your #S$ pages if possible There are three forms

E!pressions0 ELM E!pressions LG Scriptlets0 EL *ode LG 'eclarations0 ELN 'eclarations LG

+,pressions

'uring e!ecution phase

E!pression is evaluated and converted into a String The String is then 8nserted into the servletDs output stream directly Aesults in something like out.println3e!pression4 *an use predefined variables 3implicit ob;ects4 within e!pression

6ormat
ELM E!pression LG or E;sp0e!pressionGE!pressionE);sp0e!pressionG Semi-colons are not allowed for e!pressions
73

+,ample0 +,pressions

'isplay current time using 'ate class

*urrent time0 ELM new ;ava.util.'ate34 LG Aandom number0 ELM Math.random34 LG @our hostname0 ELM re9uest.getAemote+ost34 LG @our parameter0 ELM re9uest. get$arameter3"your$arameter%4 LG Server0 ELM application.getServer8nfo34 LG Session 8'0 ELM session.get8d34 LG
74

'isplay random number using Math class

>se implicit ob;ects

Scriptlets

>sed to insert arbitrary #ava code into servletDs ;spService34 method *an do things e!pressions alone cannot do

setting response headers and status codes writing to a server log updating database e!ecuting code that contains loops, conditionals

*an use predefined variables 3implicit ob;ects4 6ormat0

EL #ava code LG or E;sp0scriptletG #ava codeE);sp0scriptletG

+,ample0 Scriptlets

'isplay 9uery string

EL String 9uery'ata M re9uest.getOueryString34P out.println3"Attached QET data0 " R 9uery'ata4P LG

Settng response type

EL response.set*ontentType3"te!t)plain%4P LG

+,ample0 Scriptlet wit# %oop

DE -terator i F cart1get-tems471iterator47G w#ile 4i1#asHe,t477 I S#opping!art-tem item F 4S#opping!art-tem7i1ne,t47G $ookDetails bd F 4$ookDetails7item1get-tem47G EJ DtrJ Dtd alignFKrig#tK bgcolorFKL&&&&&&KJ DEFitem1getMuantity47EJ D)tdJ Dtd bgcolorFKL&&&&aaKJ DstrongJDa #re&FK DEFrequest1get!onte,t at#47EJ)bookdetails'book-dF DEFbd1get$ook-d47EJKJDEFbd1get(itle47EJD)aJD)strongJ D)tdJ 111 DE )) +nd o& w#ile N

+,ample0 Scriptlet Result

+,ample0 JS page &ragment

Suppose we have the following #S$ page fragment

E+-G sang+TM E)+-G ELM sangE!pression34 LG EL sangScriptlet*ode34P LG

+,ample0 Resulting Servlet !ode

public void F;spService3+ttpServletAe9uest re9uest, +ttpServletAesponse response4 throws ServletE!ception, 87E!ception S response.set*ontentType3"te!t)html%4P +ttpSession session M re9uest.getSession3true4P #S$&riter out M response.get&riter34P )) Static +TM fragment is sent to output stream in "as is% form out.println3"E+-Gsang+TM E)+-G%4P )) E!pression is converted into String and then sent to output out.println3sangE!pression344P )) Scriptlet is inserted as #ava code within F;spService34 sangScriptlet*ode34P ...

Declarations

>sed to define variables or methods that get inserted into the main body of servlet class

7utside of F;spSevice34 method 8mplicit ob;ects are not accessible to declarations

>sually used with E!pressions or Scriptlets 6or initiali?ation and cleanup in #S$ pages, use declarations to override ;sp8nit34 and ;sp'estroy34 methods 6ormat0

ELN method or variable declaration code LG E;sp0declarationG method or variable declaration code E);sp0declarationG

+,ample0 JS
E+,GSome headingE)+,G ELN

age &ragment

private String random+eading34 S return3"E+-G% R Math.random34 R "E)+-G%4P T LG ELM random+eading34 LG

+,ample0 Resulting Servlet !ode

public class ,,,, implements HttpJS age I private String randomHeading47 I return45DH8J6 O *at#1random47 O 5D)H8J67G N public void P2spService4HttpServletRequest requestQ HttpServletResponse response7 t#rows Servlet+,ceptionQ -"+,ception I response1set!ontent(ype45te,t)#tml67G HttpSession session F request1getSession4true7G JS Writer out F response1getWriter47G out1println45DH3JSome #eadingD)H3J67G out1println4randomHeading477G 111 N 111 N
83

+,ample0 Declaration
ELN private (ook'(A7 book'(A7P public void ;sp8nit34 S ... T public void ;sp'estroy34 S ... T LG

W#y R*% Synta,'

6rom #S$ ,.E!amples

E;sp0e!pressionGE!pressionE);sp0e!pressionG E;sp0scriptletG #ava codeE);sp0scriptletG E;sp0declarationG declaration code E);sp0declarationG <M validation 3via <M schema4 Many other <M tools editor transformer #ava A$8s
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@ou can leverage

-ncluding and /orwarding to "t#er Web Resource

-ncluding !ontents in a JS

age

Two mechanisms for including another &eb resource in a #S$ page

include directive ;sp0include element

-nclude Directive

8s processed when the #S$ page is translated into a servlet class Effect of the directive is to insert the te!t contained in another file-- either static content or another #S$ page--in the including #S$ page >sed to include banner content, copyright information, or any chunk of content that you might want to reuse in another page Synta! and E!ample

ELU include fileMVfilenameV LG ELU include fileMVbanner.;spV LG

2sp0include +lement

8s processed when a #S$ page is e!ecuted Allows you to include either a static or dynamic resource in a #S$ file

static0 its content is inserted into the calling #S$ file dynamic0 the re9uest is sent to the included resource, the included page is e!ecuted, and then the result is included in the response from the calling #S$ page E;sp0include pageMVincluded$ageV )G E;sp0include pageMVdate.;spV)G
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Synta! and e!ample

W#ic# "ne to Bse it'

>se include directive if the file changes rarely 8t is faster than ;sp0include >se ;sp0include for content that changes often >se ;sp0include if which page to include cannot be decided until the main page is re9uested

/orwarding to anot#er Web component

Same mechanism as in Servlet Synta!

E;sp0forward pageMV)main.;spV )G

7riginal re9uest ob;ect is provided to the target page via ;sp0parameter element
E;sp0forward pageMV...V G E;sp0param nameMVparam,V valueMVvalue,V)G E);sp0forwardG
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Directives
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Directives

'irectives are messages to the #S$ container in order to affect overall structure of the servlet 'o not produce output into the current output stream Synta!
ELU directive SattrMvalueTI LG

(#ree (ypes o& Directives

page0 *ommunicate page dependent attributes and communicate these to the #S$ container
ELU page importMV;ava.util.I LG

include0 >sed to include te!t and)or code at #S$ page translation-time

ELU include fileMVheader.htmlV LG

Taglib0 8ndicates a tag library that the #S$ container should interpret
ELU taglib uriMVmytagsV prefi!MVcodecampV LG
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age Directives

Qive high-level information about the servlet that results from the #S$ page. *ontrol
&hich classes are imported ELU page importMV;ava.util.I LG &hat M8ME type is generated ELU page contentTypeMVM8ME-TypeV LG +ow multithreading is handled ELU page isThreadSafeMVtrueV LG ELN--'efault -LG ELU page isThreadSafeMVfalseV LG &hat page handles une!pected errors ELU page error$ageMVerrorpage.;spV LG

-mplicit "b2ects

A #S$ page has access to certain implicit ob;ects that are always available, without being declared first *reated by container *orresponds to classes defined in Servlet

-mplicit "b2ects

re9uest 3+ttpServletAe9uest4 response 3+ttpServletAepsonse4 session 3+ttpSession4 application3Servlet*onte!t4 out 3of type #sp&riter4 config 3Servlet*onfig4 page*onte!t

Scope "b2ects
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'ifferent Scope

Session, Application Scope

!lient 3 )ession *+ , server

Session 3

!lient 8

)ession *+ -

Session 8

!lient 3

server

application
!lient 8

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Session, Ae9uest, $age Scope

client

request

response

request

response

age 3

&orward

age 8

age 9

&orward

age :

Page scope request scope

Page scope

request scope

Session scope

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JavaBeans $o%ponents for JSP

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W#at are Java$eans'

#ava classes that can be easily reused and composed together into an application Any #ava class that follows certain design conventions can be a #ava(eans component

properties of the class public methods to get and set properties

&ithin a #S$ page, you can create and initiali?e beans and get and set the values of their properties #ava(eans can contain business logic or data base access logic

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Java$eans Design !onventions

#ava(eans maintain internal properties A property can be

Aead)write, read-only, or write-only Simple or inde!ed

$roperties should be accessed and set via get<!! and set<!! methods

$ropertylass get$roperty34 S ... T $ropertylass set$roperty34 S ... T

#ava(eans must have a ?ero-argument 3empty4 constructor

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+,ample0 Java$eans
public class !urrency I private %ocale localeG private double amountG public !urrency47 I locale F nullG amount F >1>G N public void set%ocale4%ocale l7 I locale F lG N public void setAmount4double a7 I amount F aG N public String get/ormat47 I Humber/ormat n& F Humber/ormat1get!urrency-nstance4locale7G return n&1&ormat4amount7G N N

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&hy >se #ava(eans in #S$ $age=

A #S$ page can create and use any type of #ava programming language ob;ect within a declaration or scriptlet like following0
DE S#opping!art cart F 4S#opping!art7session1getAttribute4KcartK7G )) -& t#e user #as no cartQ create a new one i& 4cart FF null7 I cart F new S#opping!art47G session1setAttribute4KcartKQ cart7G N EJ
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&hy >se #ava(eans in #S$ $age=

#S$ pages can use #S$ elements to create and access the ob;ect that conforms to #ava(eans conventions
E;sp0use(ean idMVcartV classMVcart.Shopping*artV scopeMVsessionV)G *reate an instance of "Shopping*art% if none e!ists, stores it as an attribute of the session scope ob;ect, and makes the bean available throughout the session by the identifier "cart%

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*ompare the Two

DE S#opping!art cart F 4S#opping!art7session1getAttribute4KcartK7G )) -& t#e user #as no cart ob2ect as an attribute in Session scope )) ob2ectQ t#en create a new one1 "t#erwiseQ use t#e e,isting )) instance1 i& 4cart FF null7 I cart F new S#opping!art47G session1setAttribute4KcartKQ cart7G N EJ versus D2sp0use$ean idFKcartK classFKcart1S#opping!artK scopeFKsessionK)J

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&hy >se #ava(eans in #S$ $age=

Co need to learn #ava programming language for page designers Stronger separation between content and presentation +igher re usability of code Simpler ob;ect sharing through built-in sharing mechanism *onvenient matching between re9uest parameters and ob;ect properties
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!reating a Java$eans

'eclare that the page will use a bean that is stored within and accessible from the specified scope by ;sp0use(ean element
E;sp0use(ean idMVbeanCameV classMVfullyF9ualifiedFclassnameV scopeMVscopeV)G or E;sp0use(ean idMVbeanCameV classMVfullyF9ualifiedFclassnameV scopeMVscopeVG E;sp0set$roperty ...)G E);sp0use(eanG
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Setting #ava(eans $roperties

- ways to set a property of a bean 5ia scriptlet

EL beanCame.set$ropCame3value4P LG E;sp0set$roperty nameMVbeanCameV propertyMVpropCameV valueMVstring constantV)G "beanCame% must be the same as that specified for the id attribute in a use(ean element There must be a set$ropCame method in the bean
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5ia #S$0set$roperty

Setting #ava(eans $roperties

;sp0set$roperty synta! depends on the source of the property

E;sp0set$roperty nameMVbeanCameV propertyMVpropCameV valueMVstring constantV)G E;sp0set$roperty nameMVbeanCameV propertyMVpropCameV paramMVparamCameV)G E;sp0set$roperty nameMVbeanCameV propertyMVpropCameV)G E;sp0set$roperty nameMVbeanCameV propertyMVIV)G E;sp0set$roperty nameMVbeanCameV propertyMVpropCameV valueMVELM e!pression LGV)G 112

E!ample0 ;sp0set$roperty with Ae9uest parameter

D2sp0set roperty nameFKbookD$K propertyFKbook-dK)J is same as DE ))?et t#e identi&ier o& t#e book to display String book-d F request1get arameter4Kbook-dK7G bookD$1set$ook-d4book-d7G 111 EJ
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E!ample0 ;sp0set$roperty with E!pression

D2sp0use$ean idFKcurrencyK classFKutil1!urrencyK scopeFKsessionKJ D2sp0set roperty nameFKcurrencyK propertyFKlocaleK valueFKDEF request1get%ocale47 EJK)J D)2sp0use$eanJ D2sp0set roperty nameFKcurrencyK propertyFKamountK valueFKDEFcart1get(otal47EJK)J

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Qetting #ava(eans $roperties

- different ways to get a property of a bean

*onvert the value of the property into a String and insert the value into the current implicit "out% ob;ect Aetrieve the value of a property without converting it to a String and inserting it into the "out% ob;ect

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Qetting #ava(eans $roperties : and *onvert into String and insert into out

- ways via scriptlet

ELM beanCame.get$ropCame34 LG E;sp0get$roperty nameMVbeanCameV propertyMVpropCameV)G

via #S$0set$roperty

Ae9uirements

"beanCame% must be the same as that specified for the id attribute in a use(ean element There must be a "get$ropCame34% method in a bean

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Qetting #ava(eans $roperties without *onverting it to String

Must use a scriptlet 6ormat

EL 7b;ect o M beanCame.get$ropCame34P LG

E!ample
EL )) $rint a summary of the shopping cart int num M cart.getCumber7f8tems34P if 3num G /4 S LG
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Accessing 7b;ects from #S$ $age

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+rror Handling
119

*reating An E!ception Error $age

'etermine the e!ception thrown 8n each of your #S$, include the name of the error page
<LU page error$ageMVerrorpage.;spV LG

'evelop an error page, it should include

ELU page isError$ageMVtrueV LG 8n

the error page, use the e!ception reference to display e!ception information
ELM e!ception.toString34 LG
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+,ample0 initdestroy12sp
&'( page i%port)*database+,* '&'( page errorPage)*errorpage+.sp* '&'1 private Boo"/B23 boo"/B234 pub!ic void .sp5nit() 6 77 retrieve database access ob.ect8 9 ic 9as set once per 9eb app!ication boo"/B23 ) (Boo"/B23)getServ!et$onte:t()+get2ttribute(*boo"/B*)4 if (boo"/B23 )) nu!!) Syste%+out+print!n(*$ou!dn;t get database+*)4 < pub!ic void .sp/estroy() 6 boo"/B23 ) nu!!4 < '-

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+,ample0 errorpage12sp
&'( page isErrorPage)*true* '&'( page i%port)*.ava+uti!+,* '&' =esourceBund!e %essages ) (=esourceBund!e)session+get2ttribute(*%essages*)4 if (%essages )) nu!!) 6 Loca!e !oca!e)nu!!4 String !anguage ) re>uest+getPara%eter(*!anguage*)4 if (!anguage 1) nu!!) 6 if (!anguage+e>ua!s(*Eng!is *)) 6 !oca!e)ne9 Loca!e(*en*8 **)4 < e!se 6 !oca!e)ne9 Loca!e(*es*8 **)4 < < e!se !oca!e)ne9 Loca!e(*en*8 **)4 %essages ) =esourceBund!e+getBund!e(*Boo"StoreMessages*8 !oca!e)4 session+set2ttribute(*%essages*8 %essages)4 <

122

+,ample0 errorpage12sp
+++ (continued) & t%!& ead&tit!e-&')%essages+getString(*ServerError*)'-&7tit!e&7 ead&body bgco!or)*9 ite*& ?&')%essages+getString(*ServerError*)'&7 ?&p&') e:ception+getMessage() '&7body&7 t%!-

123

/ate E:a%p!e
124

'ate E!ample 7utput

125

'ate E!ample
DES page importFK2ava1util1TK EJ DES page importFK*y%ocalesK EJ DES page content(ypeFKte,t)#tmlG c#arsetF-S"-==;U-;K EJ D#tmlJ D#eadJDtitleJ%ocali.ed DatesD)titleJD)#eadJ Dbody bgcolorFKw#iteKJ D2sp0use$ean idFKlocalesK scopeFKapplicationK classFK*y%ocalesK)J D&orm nameFKlocale/ormK actionFKinde,12spK met#odFKpostKJ DbJ%ocale0D)bJ

126

'ate E!ample
Dselect nameFlocaleJ DE -terator i F locales1get%ocaleHames471iterator47G String selected%ocale F request1get arameter4KlocaleK7G w#ile 4i1#asHe,t477 I String locale F 4String7i1ne,t47G i& 4selected%ocale @F null && selected%ocale1equals4locale7 7 I EJ Doption selectedJDEFlocaleEJD)optionJ DE N else I EJ DoptionJDEFlocaleEJD)optionJ DE N N EJ D)selectJ Dinput typeFKsubmitK nameFKSubmitK valueFK?et DateKJ D)&ormJ
127

'ate E!ample
DpJ D2sp0include pageFKdate12spK &lus#FKtrueK )J D)bodyJ D)#tmlJ

128

assion@

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