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Computer Basic and Classification

The document discusses the evolution of early computing devices from ancient times to the development of the abacus. Sand tables, one of the earliest devices for computation, used pebbles arranged in grooves in sand to represent and perform simple addition and subtraction. As calculations became more complex, sand tables evolved into the abacus, which used movable beads on a tray or frame to efficiently perform arithmetic operations. This established the foundation for further advances in computing technology to meet the growing computational needs of commerce and society.

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madhusiva
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34 views

Computer Basic and Classification

The document discusses the evolution of early computing devices from ancient times to the development of the abacus. Sand tables, one of the earliest devices for computation, used pebbles arranged in grooves in sand to represent and perform simple addition and subtraction. As calculations became more complex, sand tables evolved into the abacus, which used movable beads on a tray or frame to efficiently perform arithmetic operations. This established the foundation for further advances in computing technology to meet the growing computational needs of commerce and society.

Uploaded by

madhusiva
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS (or) HISTORY OF COMPUTERS The need for a device to do calculations along with the growth in commerce and other human activities explain the evolution of computers. 1.2.1 Sand Tables In ancient times, people used fingers to perform the calculations such as addition and subtraction. Even today, simple calculations are done on fingers. Soon, mankind realized that it would be easier to do calculations with pebbles as compared to fingers. Consequently, pebbles were used to represent numbers, which led to the development of sand tables (see Figure 1.2). They are known to be the earliest device for computation. A sand table consists of three grooves in the sand with a maximum of 10 pebbles in each groove. To increase the count by one, a pebble has to be added in the right-hand groove. When 10 pebbles were collected in the right groove, they were removed and one pebble was added to the adjacent left groove. Afterwards, sand tables were modified extensively and these modifications resulted in a device known as Abacus.

Figure 1.2. A Sand Table Showing 125 (Ref: Computer fundamentals and programming in c by Anitha Goel & Ajay Mittal) 1.2.2 Abacus

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