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    Petroleum Engineering 406: Lesson 3 Well Control

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    daburto2
    This document provides an overview of lesson 3 on well control from Petroleum Engineering 406. It discusses key well control concepts like equivalent mud weight, casing seat tests, kick tolerance, different kick types, and the reaction of gas in the wellbore. The key points are: - Equivalent mud weight (EMW) is used to calculate downhole pressure from surface pressure and accounts for friction and mud weight. - Casing seat tests like leak-off tests (LOT) and pressure integrity tests (PIT) determine maximum pressure formations can withstand to prevent fracturing. - Kick tolerance limits include maximum casing pressure and maximum ppg of a kick before fracturing. - Different kick types (

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    Petroleum Engineering 406: Lesson 3 Well Control

    Uploaded by

    daburto2
    30 views30 pages
    This document provides an overview of lesson 3 on well control from Petroleum Engineering 406. It discusses key well control concepts like equivalent mud weight, casing seat tests, kick tolerance, different kick types, and the reaction of gas in the wellbore. The key points are: - Equivalent mud weight (EMW) is used to calculate downhole pressure from surface pressure and accounts for friction and mud weight. - Casing seat tests like leak-off tests (LOT) and pressure integrity tests (PIT) determine maximum pressure formations can withstand to prevent fracturing. - Kick tolerance limits include maximum casing pressure and maximum ppg of a kick before fracturing. - Different kick types (

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    well control 3

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    406 Lesson 3

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    This document provides an overview of lesson 3 on well control from Petroleum Engineering 406. It discusses key well control concepts like equivalent mud weight, casing seat tests, kick tolerance, different kick types, and the reaction of gas in the wellbore. The key points are: - Equivalent mud weight (EMW) is used to calculate downhole pressure from surface pressure and accounts for friction and mud weight. - Casing seat tests like leak-off tests (LOT) and pressure integrity tests (PIT) determine maximum pressure formations can withstand to prevent fracturing. - Kick tolerance limits include maximum casing pressure and maximum ppg of a kick before fracturing. - Different kick types (

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    30 views30 pages

    Petroleum Engineering 406: Lesson 3 Well Control

    Uploaded by

    daburto2
    This document provides an overview of lesson 3 on well control from Petroleum Engineering 406. It discusses key well control concepts like equivalent mud weight, casing seat tests, kick tolerance, different kick types, and the reaction of gas in the wellbore. The key points are: - Equivalent mud weight (EMW) is used to calculate downhole pressure from surface pressure and accounts for friction and mud weight. - Casing seat tests like leak-off tests (LOT) and pressure integrity tests (PIT) determine maximum pressure formations can withstand to prevent fracturing. - Kick tolerance limits include maximum casing pressure and maximum ppg of a kick before fracturing. - Different kick types (

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    Petroleum Engineering 406

    Lesson 3
    Well Control
    Read
    Well Control Manual
    Chapter 7-8
    Homework 2 Due Jan. 30, 2001
    Content
    Equivalent Mud Weights - EMW
    Casing Seat Tests
    Kick Tolerance
    Differences in Kick Types
    Reaction of Gas in the Wellbore
    Equivalent Mud Weight
    EMW - the total pressure exerted at a given
    depth expressed in ppg equivalent

    EMW = Surf. Press./(0.052*TVD
    int
    )+MW
    or
    EMW = Total Press. /(0.052*TVD
    int
    )
    Equivalent Mud Weight
    Examples:
    KWM
    ECD - Equivalent Circulating Density
    ECD = Ann. Fric./(0.052*TVD)+OWM
    Frac gradient
    Pore pressure, etc
    Casing Seat Tests
    We test casing seats to:
    Determine max pressure that formation can
    withstand
    Determine if we have a good cement job

    Casing Seat Tests
    LOT - Leak-Off Test
    Measure the fracture
    pressure at casing seat
    or, Maximum pressure
    the formation can
    withstand prior to
    fracture


    Volume pumped
    P
    r
    e
    s
    s
    u
    r
    e
    Leak-Off
    MW
    TVD
    essure LeakOff
    EMW
    shoe
    + =
    * 052 .
    Pr
    Fracture Initiation
    Fracture Extension
    Casing Test
    Casing Seat Tests
    PIT - Pressure Integrity Test (FIT)
    Determine if the casing seat can withstand a
    pre-determined pressure

    Test Pressure = (EMW-MW)*0.052*TVD
    casing seat

    Kick Tolerance
    Maximum Casing Pressure - MCP
    Maximum Allowable Annular Surface
    Pressure - MAASP, MASP
    Maximum Casing pressure that the
    formation can withstand prior to fracture
    = (EMW-MW)*0.052*TVD
    casing seat
    Kick Tolerance
    Maximum ppg kick - Maximum mud
    weight increase on a kick prior to formation
    fracture
    =(EMW-MW)*TVD
    shoe
    /TVD
    well

    Assumes zero pit gain
    Kick Tolerance
    Maximum Kick Volume


    Kick Types
    Gas Kicks
    Rapid expansion as gas circulated through
    choke
    Mud gas separators and flare lines used
    Gas migration problems
    Higher SICP than others
    Kick Types
    Gas Kicks, cont.
    Barite settling in OB mud
    Solubility of gas masks kick indicators
    Flammability of gas
    Slugging of gas at choke
    Kick Types
    Oil Kicks
    Flammable but not as explosive as gas
    Density greater than gas-lower SICP
    Very little expansion as kick reaches surface

    But, there is almost always some gas present
    Kick Types
    Water kicks
    not flammable
    very little expansion
    lower SICP than gas or oil

    But, there is still usually some gas present.
    Kick Types
    Prediction kick types
    Density of gas =1-2 ppg
    Density of oil = 6-8 ppg
    Density of salt water =8.6-9.0 ppg
    ( )
    f t bbl Cap Ann
    bbl PitGain
    height
    height
    SIDPP SICP
    MW y KickDensit
    / , .
    ,
    052 . 0
    =

    =
    Drillers Method
    Pressure at Top of Kick-P
    x
    ( )
    ( ) MW x D
    v
    v
    P P B
    Z T
    MW Z T P
    v
    V B B
    P
    X
    B
    FB B
    B B
    X X B
    x
    B
    x
    =

    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    +
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    + =
    052 . 0
    052 . 0
    4 2
    2 / 1
    2
    Drillers Method
    Surface Casing Pressure - CP
    CP=P
    x
    -0.052*MW*x
    Pressure at casing seat - P
    seat

    P
    seat
    =CP+0.052*MW*D
    seat

    where the bubble is below the casing seat
    P
    seat
    =P
    B
    -0.052*MW*(D-D
    seat
    )
    where the bubble is above the casing seat
    Wait & Weight Method
    Pressure at Top of Kick-P
    x
    ( )
    ( ) ( )
    1 1 1
    2 / 1
    1
    2
    1 1
    052 . 0 052 . 0 '
    052 . 0
    4 2
    MW x D MW MW D
    v
    v
    P P B
    Z T
    MW Z T P
    v
    V B B
    P
    X
    B
    FB B
    B B
    X X B
    x
    B
    x
    + =

    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    +
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    + =
    Wait & Weight Method
    Surface Casing Pressure - CP
    CP=P
    x
    -0.052*MW*x
    Pressure at casing seat - P
    seat

    P
    seat
    =CP+0.052*MW*D
    seat

    where the bubble is below the casing seat
    P
    seat
    =P
    B
    -(0.052*MW*D)
    -[0.052*MW
    1
    *(D-D-D
    SEAT
    )]
    where the bubble is above the casing seat

    Nomenclature
    Examples
    Surface Casing Pressure
    Ann. Press @ Various Depths
    Reaction of Gas in a Wellbore
    Boyles Law
    PV=constant
    Charles Law
    V/T=constant
    Avagadros Law
    PV=nRT
    Real Gas Law
    PV=ZnRT
    PV/ZT = nR

    P
    1
    *V
    1

    =
    P
    2
    *V
    2

    Z
    1
    *T
    1
    Z
    2
    *T
    2

    V
    2
    = P
    1
    *V
    1
    *Z
    2
    *T
    2


    P
    2
    *Z
    1
    *T
    1
    Reaction of Gas in a Wellbore
    Circulating gas from wellbore
    Given:
    Depth =16,000
    BHT =300
    o
    F
    BHP =12480 psi
    MW =15.0 ppg
    Surf. Temp =140
    o
    F
    Drilled up 1 cu.ft. of gas
    Reaction of Gas in Wellbore
    Reaction of Gas in Wellbore
    Gas Migration
    Gas Migration
    MASP

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