Lee, Jacobsen, Kaluna, Kaina, Spenser 1 Gabrielle Lee, Malaia Jacobsen, Julyen Kaluna, Hanna Kaina, Maile Spenser

National History Day February 2, 2014 Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Kamakaeha, Liliuokalani. "Queen Liliuokalani's Official Protest to the "Treaty of Annexation"" Queen Liliuokalani's Official Protest to the "Treaty of Annexation" N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Jan. 2014. Queen Lydia Liliu Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaeha was the last reigning monarch of the Hawaiian Islands. She was an esteemed queen to the Hawaiian people, however, in 1898, she was forced to give up her thrown. This source was written many years after the Bayonet Constitution, but adds to the Hawaiian perspective of the overthrow, annexation and the illegality of the American occupation of Hawaii. We used this source to give an input of the sudden overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, as well as a perspective of a close individual in the Hawaiian Kingdom. Thurston, Lorrin A. "Hawaiian Kingdom Constitution of 1887." Kingdom of Hawaii Constitution of 1887. N.p., 6 Jul. 1887. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. Lorrin A. Thurston was a lawyer and newspaper publisher. A son of American missionaries in Hawaii, he was one of many who opposed the monarchy and favored U.S. annexation of the islands. Thurston wrote the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. We used this document to explain to us, specifically, what rights the Bayonet Constitution would provide for the Hawaiian Kingdom. It also gave us an understanding of what the foreigners true intentions were when forcing this constitution on the Hawaiian Monarch, King Kalakaua. The words of the constitution confirmed the goals of the American businessmen, also known as the Hawaiian League, when they forced Kalakaua to sign it. Treaty of Reciprocity. 1875. Photograph. Carter Collection, Bishop Museum Library, Honolulu. This primary resource is a picture of the Treaty of Reciprocity in relation to the Hawaiian Kingdom. This document represents the beginning of the amount of pressure Kalakaua will face before having to sign the Bayonet Constitution. We also used the Carter Collection to provide photos of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Secondary Sources Allen, Helena G. Kalakaua: Renaissance King. Honolulu, HI: Mutual Pub., 1995. Print. Helena G. Allen is an author of many well-known books. We used this source to give us an abundance of background about Kalakaua and his ideals as a ruler. It gave us an insight into the perspective of the king. It was mostly unbiased, but gave us information prominently about the Hawaiian perspective of the Bayonet Constitution. It helped us see

Lee, Jacobsen, Kaluna, Kaina, Spenser 2 that the Hawaiian people were the utmost priority of the Kalakaua while ruling the Kingdom of Hawaii. Bailey, Paul. Hawaii's Royal Prime Minister: The Life & times of Walter Murray Gibson. New York, NY: Hastings House, 1980. Print. Paul Bailey is a British writer and critic, as well as a well-known author to many novels. This book informed us about the American perspective of Hawaii, as Walter Murray Gibson would see it. Walter Murray Gibson was a government minister in the Hawaiian Kingdom before the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. His American roots and close ties with Kalakaua made Gibson a prominent individual to understanding foreigners' motives. "Bayonet Constitution." HawaiiHistory.org -Hawaii History - Home. Hukilau Network, 2013. Web. 16 Jan. 2013. This site gave us some background information on the context of the Bayonet Constitution, along with some information about the parties involved, including Lorrin A. Thurston, the Reform Party (The Hawaiian League) and Kalakaua. We used information from this document to provide us a brief overview of the events that occurred during 1887. This report deciphers the motives of the American businessmen. Damitio, Vago. Royal Vagabond King David Kalakaua The Merrie Monarch. Vagobond. Vagobond Travel Media, LLC and Vago Damitio, 3 March 2014. Web. 18 Jan. 2014 Vago Damitio is a writer and traveler. This source was a biography of King David Kalakaua during his successful years in the Hawaiian Kingdom. We used information and a photograph of the Hawaiian League. The Hawaiian League was made up mostly of American businessmen and missionaries, who forcibly took control of the Hawaiian government and forced Kalakaua to sign the Bayonet Constitution. Damon, Ethel Moseley and Sanford Ballard. Dole. Sanford Ballard Dole and His Hawaii. Palo Alto: Pacific in Komm., 1957. Print. Sanford B. Dole was a lawyer and jurist in the Hawaiian Kingdom. This account gave the perspective of Sanford B. Dole, who opposed the monarchy, as did many of the American businessmen. He became the first president of the Republic of Hawaii and the first governor of the Territory of Hawaii, after being annexed by the U.S. We used this source as a way to understand what Dole thought about Hawaii and why he would support the Bayonet Constitution. Dole, Sanford B. and Andrew Farrell. Memoirs of the Hawaiian Revolution. Honolulu: Advertiser Publisher, 1936. Print. Sanford B. Dole was a lawyer and jurist in the Hawaiian Kingdom. This second source written by Sanford Dole helped us to understand the American perspective and motives

Lee, Jacobsen, Kaluna, Kaina, Spenser 3 of Hawaii in the 1880s. This source was biased to the Americans and defended all the actions of the Reform Party. "HawaiiHistory.org -Hawaii History - Home." HawaiiHistory.org -Hawaii History - Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Jan. 2013. This site gave us a lot of unbiased background information that we used to familiarize ourselves with the historical context and details of the Bayonet Constitution, Kalakaua and the Reform Party. (With the help of this resource, we were able to get a better understanding of what the Bayonet Constitution was and also what it symbolized for the Hawaiian people, the land, and the Hawaiian monarchy.) Jubilee, Silver. Twilight of Royal Hawaii. The Mad Monarchist. Blogger. 13 Jan. 2014. Web. 22 Jan. 2014. We used this source to provide us with an understanding of the situation after the American men had prevented Queen Liliuokalani from abrogating the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. The intentions of the Americans were to take control of the Hawaiian Islands. The Constitution restricted the Kings power and thereby restricted the rights of the Hawaiian people. Kuykendall, Ralph S. Constitutions of the Hawaiian Kingdom: A Brief Analysis. Honolulu: Printshop of Hawaii, 1940. Print. Written in 1940, Ralph S. Kuykendall provides us with an understanding of the Constitution of 1887. This source investigates the causes and ultimate goals of the articles in the constitution. It seems to have also taken a slight bias towards the Hawaiian perspective. Kuykendall, Ralph S. The Hawaiian Kingdom. the Kalakaua Dynasty. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1967. Print. Ralph S. Kuykendall is an American historian who seved as a secretary of the Hawaiian Historical Society from 1922 to 1932. He also served as a professor of history at the University of Hawaii. In the third volume of this series, we gleaned much information about Kalakaua and his reign. Kalakaua was a king of the people. The threats of American men forced him to take aim at his people. This book also contained some perspectives of key players in the Bayonet Constitution, including Lorrin A. Thurston. Liliuokalani. Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen. Honolulu, HI: Mutual Pub., 1990. Print. Queen Lydia Liliu Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaeha was the last reigning monarch of the Hawaiian Islands. In the queen's memoir, she touches upon the Bayonet Constitution because she wanted to create a new one when she became queen. She knew that her land was illegally taken from her and lover for her people helped her to gain the courage to stand up and fight the foreigners for her land back. This helped us understand

Lee, Jacobsen, Kaluna, Kaina, Spenser 4 the Hawaiian perspective because the queen knew that that constitution limited her power and she wanted to change these unwanted laws put upon her people. Osorio, Jonathan Kay Kamakawiwoole. Dismembering Lhui: A History of the Hawaiian Nation to 1887. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 2002. Print. Jonathan Kay Kamakawiwoole is a professor of Hawaiian Studies at the University of Hawaii at Mnoa and a historian of the Hawaiian Kingdom. This was a great source to showcase the Hawaiian perspective of the events from Kalakaua's election to his signing the Bayonet Constitution. The Hawaiian people became very upset with the limitations of their rights in the Hawaiian Kingdom. O'Shaughnessy, Donald Julius. The Relationship of the Bayonet Constitution of 1887 to the Hawaiian Revolution of 1893. N.p.: n.p., 1952. Print. Donald Julius OShaughnessy is a historian, as well as an esteemed author. We used this source to gain greater depth of knowledge on how the Bayonet Constitution contributed to the overthrow. The Bayonet Constitution became a stepping stone in prompting the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom and making soon into a territory of the United States. "Photograph Collection." Hawaii Photo Archives. Hawaii State Govt, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2013. Owned by the Hawaii State Government, this source provided us with many great photos of Hawaii in the 1870s-90s and Hawaiian figures from this website. This digital archive gave us a glimpse of what life was like in the late nineteenth century. Rayson, Ann, and Helen Bauer. Hawaii: The Pacific State. Honolulu: Bess Press, 1997. Print. Ann Rayson is a professor at the University of Hawaii at Mnoa. She has published many scholarly articles in journals such as African American Review and Ethnic Studies Review, and has published several books on Hawaiian history. We used this source to provide us with a glimpse in the lives of the monarchs, such as Queen Liliuokalani and King Kalakaua. Before Kalakaua died, he made a recording on the first phonograph machines saying, Tell my people Aloha! Tell them that I tried! Taylor, Albert Pierce, Curtis Piehu Iaukea, Thomas M. Spaulding, Emma Ahuena Davison Taylor, Francis R. Stoddard, Wendell Clark Bennett, and John F. G. Stokes. Papers of the Hawaiian Historical Society. [Honolulu]: Printed by the Printshop, 1930. Print. In 1892, the Hawaiian Historical Society was organized by a group of Honolulu citizens dedicated to preserving Hawaiian historical materials and publishing scholarly research. These papers were a collection of files of more than sixty-four newspapers. These papers date back from 1834 to the 1930s. This source contained excerpts from the Bayonet Constitution. The excerpt elaborated on the causes and effects of said constitution, from the refusal of the renewal of the Reciprocity Treaty with the naval base, to the worries of

Lee, Jacobsen, Kaluna, Kaina, Spenser 5 European traders paying tariffs on sugar cane. It was mainly factual evidence and unbiased statements. "Teachers' Domain - Digital Media for the Classroom and Professional Development." Teachers' Domain: The Bayonet Constitution. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. PBS Learning Media is a collection of public media designed to enhance the learning of students. From this website we got historical context information from a video about the Bayonet Constitution. The Bayonet Constitution was forced upon the Hawaiian monarchy was a way to weaken the Hawaiian government. "The Bayonet Constitution | Social Studies | Classroom Resources | PBS Learning Media." The Bayonet Constitution | Social Studies | Classroom Resources | PBS Learning Media. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. From this website, we retrieved information about the Bayonet Constitution through a great video that they had put up. It talked about the Hawaiian League and how they had forced the Bayonet Constitution upon King Kalakaua. This resource really helped us to focus our research on the different events involved before the creation of the Bayonet Constitution and also the negative effects it had on the Hawaiian Kingdom and its monarchy once the Bayonet Constitution was signed. Thurston, Lorrin A. A Hand-book on the Annexation of Hawaii. St. Joseph, MI: A.B. Morse, Printers, 1897. Print. Lorrin A. Thurston was a lawyer and businessman in the Kingdom of Hawaii. He played a prominent role in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy. Since it was written by one of the leading members of the Reform Party, this book was completely biased to the American businessmen (mostly sugar growers). This gave us support about the foreigners' perspective and justifications for weakening the Hawaiian monarch. This book completely revealed the accounts of some of the perspectives of American businessmen who took part in collapsing the Hawaiian Kingdom. Van Dyke, Jon M. Who Owns the Crown Lands of Hawaii? Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 2008. Print. Jon M. Van Dyke is a professor of law and has written six books and numerous articles focusing on issues related to the rights of Native Hawaiians. This book expands on the idea of right to lands and voting. We were able to understand the limitations of the Hawaiians in voting after the approval of the Bayonet Constitution. The Hawaiians were limited more than ever. Because many Hawaiians weren't able to vote under the Bayonet Constitution due to lack of land ownership, this book's information was very relevant. Wehrheim, John. Hawaiis Hydroelectric History. Pacific Hydro. Pacific Hydro, 24 Oct. 2012. Web. 15 Feb. 2014.

Lee, Jacobsen, Kaluna, Kaina, Spenser 6 Pacific Hydro is a hydroelectric system for utilities, homes, farms and power producers. It was founded by John Wehrheim in 1978. Pacific Hydro provides an overview of Hawaiian history, which is useful in giving us a perception of King Kalakaua and his disposition. Kalakaua helped begin the construction of a hydroelectric plant, which helped Hawaiis ecosystem. We also utilized some of the pictures provided by the site. Zambucka, Kristin. Kalakaua: Hawaii's Last King. Honolulu, HI: Mana Pub., 1983. Print. Kristin Zambucka is a well-known author to books relating to Hawaiian history. From this book we gleaned information about Kalakaua's responsibilities as King and his change in powers after the implementation of the Bayonet Constitution. It gave us a before and after picture of the Bayonet Constitution of 1887.