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    Meiosis MYP

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    cmillica1176
    Meiosis produces haploid cells through two cell divisions that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This is important for sexual reproduction as it generates gametes like eggs and sperm. During fertilization, the haploid cells from each parent unite to form a diploid zygote with the full chromosome number needed for development.

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    Meiosis MYP

    Uploaded by

    cmillica1176
    83 views14 pages
    Meiosis produces haploid cells through two cell divisions that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This is important for sexual reproduction as it generates gametes like eggs and sperm. During fertilization, the haploid cells from each parent unite to form a diploid zygote with the full chromosome number needed for development.

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    Meiosis and DNA structure

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    Meiosis produces haploid cells through two cell divisions that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This is important for sexual reproduction as it generates gametes like eggs and sperm. During fertilization, the haploid cells from each parent unite to form a diploid zygote with the full chromosome number needed for development.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    83 views14 pages

    Meiosis MYP

    Uploaded by

    cmillica1176
    Meiosis produces haploid cells through two cell divisions that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This is important for sexual reproduction as it generates gametes like eggs and sperm. During fertilization, the haploid cells from each parent unite to form a diploid zygote with the full chromosome number needed for development.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Meiosis

    The process of meiosis involves two cell divisions and produces cells that are different from the parent cell.
    Meiosis produces cells that have one-half the number of chromosomes as the parent cells. If meiosis did not take place, the fertilized egg would have double the amount of chromosomes it needs.

    Meiosis produces the cells that are needed for sexual reproduction (egg cells and sperm cells).

    Meiosis
    One-half the number of chromosomes is called the haploid, (or n) number.
    In humans, the haploid number (n) is 23.

    When the egg and sperm unite during fertilization, the species normal chromosome number called the diploid or (2n) number is restored (brought back).
    The diploid number in humans is 46. n (sperm) + n (egg) = 2n

    Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis


    Characteristic
    Number of daughter cells Number of cell division Daughter cells are diploid or haploid Daughter cells are identical or different Parent cell is diploid or haploid

    Mitosis
    2 1 Diploid
    Full set of chromosomes

    Meiosis
    4 2 Haploid
    Half the chromosomes

    Identical Diploid

    Different Diploid

    A Karyotype is an Arranged Picture of Chromosomes At Their Most Condensed State

    Note that almost all chromosomes come in homologous pairs.

    A normal human karyotype

    Boy or Girl? The Y Chromosome Decides

    DNA Structure
    DNA consists of two molecules that are

    arranged into a ladder-like structure called a Double Helix. A molecule of DNA is made up of millions of tiny subunits called Nucleotides. There are four types of nitrogenous bases.

    Nucleotides
    A T

    Adenine

    Thymine

    Cytosine

    Guanine

    Nucleotides
    Each base will only bond with one other

    specific base.
    Adenine (A)
    Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G)

    Form a base pair.

    Form a base pair.

    A C
    T C

    T
    G A G

    A
    G T

    T C
    A

    DNA Structure
    To crack the genetic code found in DNA we

    need to look at the sequence of bases.


    The bases are arranged in triplets called

    codons. AGG-CTC-AAG-TCC-TAG TCC-GAG-TTC-AGG-ATC

    DNA Structure
    A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a protein.
    Each unique gene has a unique sequence of

    bases.

    This unique sequence of bases will code for the

    production of a unique protein.

    It is these proteins and combination of proteins

    that give us a unique phenotype.

    DNA Gene
    Protein

    Trait

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