Ansys No. 1
Ansys No. 1
Ansys No. 1
0: Tutorials
Notice
This ANSYS software product and program documentation are confidential and proprietary products of ANSYS, Inc., its subsidiaries, or licensors. The software products and documentation are furnished by ANSYS, Inc., its subsidiaries, or affiliates under a software license agreement that contains provisions concerning non-disclosure, copying, length and nature of use, warranties, disclaimers, limitations of liability, and remedies, and other provisions. The software products and documentation may be used, disclosed, transferred, or copied only in accordance with the terms and conditions of that software license agreement. All product names mentioned in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Unauthorised use, distribution, or duplication is prohibited. 2005 ANSYS Europe Ltd. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use, distribution, or duplication is prohibited. ANSYS, ANSYS Workbench, CFX, AUTODYN, and any and all ANSYS, Inc. product and service names are registered trademarks or trademarks of ANSYS, Inc. or its subsidiaries located in the United States or other countries. ICEM CFD is a trademark licensed by ANSYS, Inc. CFX is a trademark of Sony Corporation in Japan. Contains U.S. Patent No. 6,055,541 and pending patent 10/152,543. All other trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. ANSYS, Inc. and ANSYS Europe, Ltd. are registered ISO 9001: 2000 companies. ANSYS Canada Ltd. 554 Parkside Drive Waterloo, Ontario Canada N2L 5Z4 Website: http://www.ansys.com/cfx Any inquiries regarding copyright should be directed to: ANSYS, Inc. Legal/Contracts Dept. 275 Technology Drive Canonsburg, PA 15317 or by email to cfx-info-na@ansys.com.
Table of Contents
Tutorial Feature List Tutorial Feature Index Introduction to the ANSYS CFX Tutorials
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Working Directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Tutorial Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Mesh Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Helpful Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
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Defining a Simulation in CFX-Pre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243 Obtaining a Solution using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248
Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303 Obtaining a Solution using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308 Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309 Laminar Flamelet and Discrete Transfer Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311 Further Postprocessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316
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Other
Tutorial 2:
Other
Tutorial 3:
CEL (CFX Expression Language) Timestep CFX-Post Plots Physical Timescale default Locators Outline Plot (Wireframe) Slice Plane Streamline Changing the Colour Range Expression Editor Legend Viewing the Mesh
ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials
Other
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Tutorial 4:
Timestep Transient Results File CFX-Solver Manager CFX-Post Power Syntax Plots Other
Animation Isosurface Auto Annotation MPEG Generation Printing Timestep Selection Title/Text Transient Animation
Tutorial 5:
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CFX-Post
Plots
Default Locators Outline Plot (Wireframe) Sampling Plane Streamline Vector Volume Changing the Colour Range Instancing Transformation Lighting Adjustment Symmetry Viewing the Mesh
Other
Tutorial 6:
Output Control Timestep Transient Results File CFX-Post Plots Other Default Locators Timestep Selection Transient Animation Transient Example
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Tutorial 7:
CEL (CFX Expression Language) Mesh Adaption Timestep CFX-Post Plots Physical Timescale Default Locators Isosurface Polyline Sampling Plane Vector Volume Chart Creation Title/Text Viewing the Mesh
Other
Tutorial 8:
Domain Interfaces
ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials
Change) Timestep CFX-Post Plots Auto Timescale Contour Default Locators Vector Variable Editor
Other
Tutorial 9:
CEL (CFX Expression Language) User Fortran Timestep CFX-Solver Manager CFX-Post Power-Syntax Plots Animation Default Locators Particle Track Point Slice Plane Changing the Colour Range MPEG Generation Particle Track Animation Quantitative Calculation Symmetry Auto Timescale
Other
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Other
CEL (CFX Expression Language) Timestep CFX-Post Plots Auto Timescale Sampling Plane Slice Plane Vector
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Domain Interfaces
Timestep Transient Results File CFX-Solver Manager Restart Parallel Processing CFX-Post Plots
Turbo Post Other Changing the Colour Range Chart Creation Instancing Transformation MPEG Generation Quantitative Calculation Timestep Selection Transient Animation
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ture Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Particle Tracking Boundary Conditions Single Domain k-Epsilon Thermal Energy Component Source Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Subsonic) Symmetry Plane Wall: Adiabatic
Additional Variables CEL (CFX Expression Language) Timestep CFX-Post Plots Other Physical Timescale Isosurface Slice Plane Changing the Colour Range
CEL (CFX Expression Language) Timestep CFX-Post Plots Physical Timescale Cylinder Default Locators Isosurface Changing the Colour Range Data Export Expression Editor Lighting Adjustment Variable Editor
Other
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Turbulence Model
Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Degassing) Wall: Thin Surface Wall: (Slip Depends on Volume Fraction) Frozen Rotor Periodic
Other
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lence Model k-Epsilon Heat Transfer Buoyant Flow Multiphase Boundary Conditions Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Degassing Symmetry Plane Wall: Thin Surface Wall: (Slip Depends on Volume Fraction) Physical Timescale Default Locators Vector Changing the Colour Range Symmetry None
Output Control CEL (CFX Expression Language) User Fortran Timestep Transient Results File Transient Example
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CFX-Post
Plots
Animation Isosurface Point Slice Plane Auto Annotation Changing the Colour Range Legend MPEG Generation Timestep Selection Title/Text Transient Animation
Other
Other
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Contour Line Locator Polyline Slice Plane Streamline Vector Chart Creation Data Export Printing Title/Text Variable Editor
Other
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Animation Point Slice Plane Vector Opening Symmetry Plane Wall: No Slip Wall: Moving
Other
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G General Fluid Tutorial 7, Tutorial 8, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 10, Tutorial 12, Tutorial 13, Tutorial 15, Tutorial 17, Tutorial 20, Tutorial 21, Tutorial 22, Tutorial 23, Tutorial 25, Tutorial 26 General Mode Tutorial 8, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 10, Tutorial 12, Tutorial 13, Tutorial 15, Tutorial 17, Tutorial 19, Tutorial 20, Tutorial 21, Tutorial 23, Tutorial 24, Tutorial 25, Tutorial 26 H Heat Transfer Tutorial 26 I Ideal Gas Tutorial 14, Tutorial 18 Inlet (Profile) Tutorial 9, Tutorial 15, Tutorial 23 Inlet (Subsonic) Tutorial 7, Tutorial 8, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 10, Tutorial 13, Tutorial 15, Tutorial 18, Tutorial 19, Tutorial 20, Tutorial 21, Tutorial 22, Tutorial 24, Tutorial 25, Tutorial 26 Inlet (Supersonic) Tutorial 14 Instancing Transformation Tutorial 11, Tutorial 18 Isosurface Tutorial 10, Tutorial 13, Tutorial 18, Tutorial 19, Tutorial 20, Tutorial 21, Tutorial 23 Isothermal Tutorial 25 K k-Epsilon Tutorial 7, Tutorial 8, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 10, Tutorial 13, Tutorial 15, Tutorial 18, Tutorial 19, Tutorial 20, Tutorial 21, Tutorial 22, Tutorial 23, Tutorial 24, Tutorial 25, Tutorial 26 L Laminar Tutorial 12, Tutorial 17 Legend Tutorial 7, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 23, Tutorial 24 Lighting Adjustment Tutorial 11, Tutorial 20 Line Locator Tutorial 25 M MPEG Generation Tutorial 7, Tutorial 10, Tutorial 15, Tutorial 18, Tutorial 23 Multiple Domain Tutorial 18, Tutorial 20, Tutorial 21 N None Tutorial 13, Tutorial 15, Tutorial 17, Tutorial 21, Tutorial 22 O Object Drag and Drop Tutorial 7 Opening Tutorial 10, Tutorial 20, Tutorial 26 Outlet (Degassing Tutorial 22 Outlet (Degassing) Tutorial 21 Outlet (Subsonic) Tutorial 7, Tutorial 8, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 12, Tutorial 13, Tutorial 15, Tutorial 18, Tutorial 19, Tutorial 23, Tutorial 24, Tutorial 25, Tutorial 26 Outlet (Supersonic) Tutorial 14 Outline Plot (Wireframe) Tutorial 7, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 11, Tutorial 16, Tutorial 24 Output Control Tutorial 23, Tutorial 26
P Particle Track Tutorial 15 Particle Track Animation Tutorial 15 Periodic Tutorial 18, Tutorial 21 Physical Timescale Tutorial 7, Tutorial 8, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 13, Tutorial 18, Tutorial 19, Tutorial 20, Tutorial 21, Tutorial 22, Tutorial 24, Tutorial 25 Planevolume Tutorial 8 Point Tutorial 7, Tutorial 15, Tutorial 23, Tutorial 26 Polyline Tutorial 13, Tutorial 16, Tutorial 25 Power Syntax Tutorial 10 Printing Tutorial 10, Tutorial 25 Q Quantitative Calculation Tutorial 15, Tutorial 18, Tutorial 21, Tutorial 24 Quick Setup Wizard Tutorial 7, Tutorial 14, Tutorial 22 R Radiation Tutorial 23, Tutorial 24 Reacting Mixture Tutorial 24 Rotating Frame of Reference Tutorial 18, Tutorial 21 S Sampling Plane Tutorial 11, Tutorial 13, Tutorial 17, Tutorial 24 Shear Stress Transport Tutorial 14 Single Domain Tutorial 7, Tutorial 8, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 10, Tutorial 12, Tutorial 13, Tutorial 14, Tutorial 15, Tutorial 17, Tutorial 19, Tutorial 22, Tutorial 23, Tutorial 24, Tutorial 25, Tutorial 26 Slice Plane Tutorial 7, Tutorial 8, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 15, Tutorial 16, Tutorial 17, Tutorial 19, Tutorial 21, Tutorial 23, Tutorial 24, Tutorial 25, Tutorial 26 Spherevolume Tutorial 8 Steady State Tutorial 7, Tutorial 8, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 10, Tutorial 13, Tutorial 14, Tutorial 15, Tutorial 17, Tutorial 18, Tutorial 19, Tutorial 20, Tutorial 21, Tutorial 22, Tutorial 24, Tutorial 25 Streamline Tutorial 7, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 11, Tutorial 25 Surface Group Tutorial 18 Symmetry Tutorial 11, Tutorial 15, Tutorial 22 Symmetry Plane Tutorial 12, Tutorial 13, Tutorial 14, Tutorial 15, Tutorial 17, Tutorial 19, Tutorial 22, Tutorial 25, Tutorial 26 T Thermal Energy Tutorial 7, Tutorial 8, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 12, Tutorial 19, Tutorial 20, Tutorial 23, Tutorial 24 Timestep Selection Tutorial 10, Tutorial 12, Tutorial 18, Tutorial 23 Title/Text Tutorial 10, Tutorial 13, Tutorial 16, Tutorial 23, Tutorial 25 Total Energy Tutorial 14, Tutorial 18 Transient Tutorial 10, Tutorial 12, Tutorial 18, Tutorial 23, Tutorial 26 Transient Animation Tutorial 10, Tutorial 12, Tutorial 18, Tutorial 23 Transient Example Tutorial 10, Tutorial 12, Tutorial 18, Tutorial 23 Transient Results File Tutorial 10, Tutorial 23, Tutorial 26 Transient Rotor Stator Tutorial 18 Turbo Wizard Tutorial 18 U User Fortran Tutorial 23, Tutorial 26
V Variable Composition Mixture Tutorial 19 Variable Editor Tutorial 14, Tutorial 20, Tutorial 25 Vector Tutorial 11, Tutorial 13, Tutorial 14, Tutorial 16, Tutorial 17, Tutorial 22, Tutorial 24, Tutorial 25, Tutorial 26 Viewing the Mesh Tutorial 8, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 11, Tutorial 13, Tutorial 16 Volume Tutorial 11, Tutorial 13 W Wall (Slip Depends on Volume Fraction) Tutorial 21 (Slip depends on Volume Fraction) Tutorial 22 Adiabatic Tutorial 7, Tutorial 8, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 12, Tutorial 14, Tutorial 18, Tutorial 19, Tutorial 20, Tutorial 23, Tutorial 24, Tutorial 26 Fixed Temperature Tutorial 12, Tutorial 23 Free-Slip Tutorial 13, Tutorial 14, Tutorial 25 Moving Tutorial 17, Tutorial 26 No Slip Tutorial 26 No-Slip Tutorial 7, Tutorial 8, Tutorial 9, Tutorial 10, Tutorial 12, Tutorial 13, Tutorial 14, Tutorial 15, Tutorial 17, Tutorial 18, Tutorial 20, Tutorial 23, Tutorial 24, Tutorial 25, Tutorial 26 Rough Tutorial 15 Thin Surface Tutorial 21, Tutorial 22, Tutorial 24
Earlier tutorials introduce general principles used in ANSYS CFX, including setting up the physical models, running ANSYS CFX-Solver and visualising the results. They are designed to allow for your increasing experience. As you work through each tutorial, you will find the procedural details decrease. Note: It is recommended that the following tutorials be completed if you are new to the software or not familiar with using any of the major components. Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer (p. 17 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh) (p. 53 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial 3: Flow in a Process Injection Mixing Pipe (p. 75 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
The remaining tutorials highlight specific functionality within ANSYS CFX, including methods to import the mesh from other packages and running CFD problems in parallel. They assume familiarity with the software gained by working through the introductory tutorials. We recommend reviewing all tutorials. Files required to complete the tutorials are located in the subdirectory named examples, which is in the <CFXROOT> directory where ANSYS CFX was installed.
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Working Directory
One of the first things you must do when using ANSYS CFX is to set a working directory. The working directory is the default location that files used by a project are stored in. This directory is also the default location that is referenced when first launching a project. Additionally, you can set up a Tutorials Folder and copy all your files there. 1. Your working directory depends on your use of ANSYS CFX in either Workbench or Standalone Mode. Workbench: Set the working directory for ANSYS CFX in Workbench by saving an empty project file. For details, see Project Page: Working Directory (p. 41 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Introduction"). Standalone: The location is displayed in the ANSYS CFX Launcher.
Tutorial Files
Tutorial files are located in <CFXROOT>/examples. Before starting any of the tutorials, copy the required files into your working directory. The required files are listed in the introduction to each tutorial.
Mesh Generation
The tutorials begin by importing meshes, all of which are supplied with ANSYS CFX. Most meshes can be created using ANSYS CFX-Mesh, a geometry and meshing tool.
Helpful Tips
Numerous tips are provided below. They should be reviewed before tutorials are attempted. These can make using ANSYS CFX much easier. File Housekeeping Defining a Simulation Running a Definition File in ANSYS CFX-Solver Analysing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post Working Through the Tutorials Online Printing the Tutorials Changing the Background Colour
File Housekeeping
We recommend that you run a new problem in a new directory. All the files created by ANSYS CFX-Pre, ANSYS CFX-Solver and ANSYS CFX-Post are written to the working/project directory.
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Defining a Simulation
The following is a brief overview of a typical problem setup in ANSYS CFX-Pre. Mesh Import Simulation Type (steady state or transient) Domains (setting of physics options) Boundary Conditions Interface specification Initialisation Mesh Adaption Parameters Solver Control Output Control Writing a Definition File for the ANSYS CFX-Solver
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 18 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: StaticMixerMesh.gtm StaticMixer.pre
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Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Boundary Conditions
Details Quick Setup Wizard Steady State General Fluid Single Domain k-Epsilon Thermal Energy Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Subsonic) Wall: No-Slip Wall: Adiabatic
Physical Timescale Animation Contour Outline Plot (Wireframe) Point Slice Plane Streamline
Other
In this tutorial you will learn about: Problem setup using Quick Setup Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre. Modifying the outline plot in ANSYS CFX-Post. Using streamlines in ANSYS CFX-Post to trace the flowfield from a point. Viewing temperature using coloured planes and contours in ANSYS CFX-Post. Creating an animation and saving it to an MPEG file. Using camera objects to save and load views in ANSYS CFX-Post.
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2 m/s 315 K
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Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer: Defining a Simulation using Quick Setup Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Synopsis
Quick Setup Mode provides a simple wizardlike interface for setting up simple cases. This is useful for getting familiar with the basic elements of a CFD problem setup. This section describes using Quick Setup to develop a simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre.
Workflow Overview
Do not perform any of the following tasks now. For review purposes only, this section provides a brief summary of the topics to follow as a general workflow: 1. Creating a New Simulation (p. 21 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 2. Setting Physics Definition (p. 22 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 3. Importing a Mesh (p. 22 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 4. Zooming in and out (p. 23 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 5. Rotating the geometry (p. 23 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 6. Defining Model Data (p. 24 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 7. Defining Solver Parameters (p. 24 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 8. Defining Boundaries (p. 25 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 9. Setting Boundary Data (p. 26 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 10. Setting Flow Specification (p. 26 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 11. Setting Temperature Specification (p. 27 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 12. Reviewing the Boundary Condition Definitions (p. 27 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Page 20 ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials
Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer: Defining a Simulation using Quick Setup Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
13. Creating the Second Inlet Boundary Definition (p. 28 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 14. Creating the Outlet Boundary Definition (p. 28 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 15. Moving to General Mode (p. 28 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 16. Writing the Solver (.def) File (p. 29 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Note: You can also review Playing the Session File (p. 29 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") as an alternative to these steps. To begin this tutorial and create a new simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre, continue from Creating a New Simulation (p. 21 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). Tip: If you are already familiar with ANSYS CFX-Pre, or if you simply want to skip the manual process of creating a flow physics simulation, you can play a session file to complete the ANSYS CFX-Pre part of the tutorial. For details, see Playing the Session File (p. 29 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials").
7. Proceed to Setting Physics Definition (p. 22 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). Procedure in Workbench 1. If required, launch Workbench. 2. Click Empty Project.
The Project Page will appear displaying an unsaved project.
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Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer: Defining a Simulation using Quick Setup Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
3. Select File > Save or click Save. 4. If required, set the path location to a different folder.
The default location is your working directory. However, if you have a specific folder that you want to use to store files created during this tutorial, change the path.
5. Under Filename, type StaticMixer. 6. Click Save. 7. Click Start ANSYS CFX-Pre under Advanced CFD on the left hand Task Bar. 8. Select File > New Simulation. 9. Select Quick Setup in the New Simulation File window.
10. If required, set the path location to a different folder. 11. Under File name, type StaticMixer. 12. Click Save.
The User Mode tab displays.
Procedure
Importing a Mesh
At least one mesh must be imported before physics are applied.
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Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer: Defining a Simulation using Quick Setup Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Synopsis Procedure
An assembly is a group of mesh regions that are topologically connected. 1. In Physics Definition, under Mesh File, click Browse
Physics Definition Domain Name Mesh File Mesh Volumes Fluid Water StaticMixer
2. Under File Type, select CFX Mesh (gtm) (*gtm). 3. From your working directory, select StaticMixerMesh.gtm. 4. Click Open.
The mesh loads.
A description of the icons is available. For details, see Viewer (p. 53 in "ANSYS CFX-Pre, Release 10.0"). Procedure 1. Click Zoom Box 2. Click and drag a rectangular selection over the geometry. 3. Release the mouse button to zoom in on the selection.
The geometry zoom changes to display the selection at a greater resolution.
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Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer: Defining a Simulation using Quick Setup Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Synopsis
The view of a geometry can be modified in a number of ways. To manipulate the display in the Viewer, the Viewing Tools toolbar is used.
Procedure
2. Click and drag within the geometry repeatedly to test the rotation of the geometry.
The geometry rotates based on the direction of movement.
You can view the geometry from one of the Cartesian axis directions or from an isometric angle by using the drop-down menu.
. .
5. In the Viewing Tools toolbar, click the Isometric View 6. Select Isometric View (Z up)
A clearer view of the mesh is displayed.
Procedure
Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer: Defining a Simulation using Quick Setup Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Synopsis
While an upwind advection scheme is less accurate than other advection schemes, it is also more robust. This advection scheme is suitable for obtaining an initial set of results, but in general should not be used to obtain final accurate results. For details, see Advection Scheme Selection (p. 336 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling"). The Physical Timescale option will be used so that the timescale can be set manually. In this case, the value you will use causes faster convergence of the solution than the Auto Timescale option. Guidelines for choosing a timescale are available. For details, see Physical Timestep (p. 329 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
Procedure
1. Ensure Solver Parameters is displayed. Tip: If required, click the + or the next to a setting to expand or collapse the setting.
CFX Pre File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
Solver Parameters
2. Set Advection Scheme to Upwind. 3. Set Convergence Control to Physical Timescale. 4. Set Physical Timescale to 2 [s]. 5. Click Next.
Boundary Definition is displayed.
Defining Boundaries
The CFD model requires the definition of conditions on the boundaries of the domain. Synopsis Based on Figure 1 we know there are two inlet boundaries and one outlet boundary that need to be defined. 1. Ensure Boundary Definition is displayed.
CFX Pre File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
Procedure
.
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Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer: Defining a Simulation using Quick Setup Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Procedure
Flow Specification
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Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer: Defining a Simulation using Quick Setup Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Temperature
Set the following Boundary Type Location Option Normal Speed Static Temperature
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Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer: Defining a Simulation using Quick Setup Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Procedure
Set the following Boundary Type Location Option Normal Speed Static Temperature
3. Click Next.
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Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer: Defining a Simulation using Quick Setup Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Procedure
Procedure
2. If required, type StaticMixer.def under File name. 3. If required, set Operation to Start Solver Manager. 4. If using ANSYS CFX-Pre in Standalone Mode, select Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre.
This forces Standalone ANSYS CFX-Pre to close after the Definition file has been written. This option is not required in Workbench.
5. Click OK. 6. If you are notified the file already exists, click Overwrite.
This file is provided in the tutorial directory and may exist in your tutorial folder if you have copied it there.
8. Proceed to Obtaining a Solution Using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager (p. 30 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials").
Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer: Obtaining a Solution Using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
5. Select File > Quit. 6. Click Quit. 7. Click the ANSYS CFX-Solver icon on the ANSYS CFX Launcher. 8. Select File > Define Run. 9. Under Definition File, click Browse .
10. Select StaticMixer.def, located in the working directory. 11. Proceed to Obtaining a Solution Using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager (p. 30 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). Procedure in Workbench 1. If required, launch Workbench. 2. Click Empty Project. 3. Select File > Save or click Save. 4. If required, set the path location to the tutorial folder. 5. Under Filename, type StaticMixer. 6. Click Save. 7. Click Start ANSYS CFX-Pre. 8. Select Session > Play Session. 9. Select StaticMixer.pre, located in the tutorial directory. 10. Click Open.
A status bar appears in the bottom right of the screen while a Definition file is written.
11. Click the ANSYS CFX-Solver tab. 12. Select File > Define Run. 13. Under Definition File, click Browse .
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Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer: Obtaining a Solution Using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
Synopsis
Two windows are displayed when ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager runs. There is an adjustable split between the windows, which is oriented either horizontally or vertically depending on the aspect ratio of the entire ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager window (also adjustable).
One window shows the convergence history plots and the other displays text output from ANSYS CFX-Solver. The text lists physical properties, boundary conditions and various other parameters used or calculated in creating the model. All the text is written to the Output File automatically (in this case StaticMixer_001.out). Additional information on the contents of the Output File is available. For details, see ANSYS CFX Output File (p. 28 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager, Release 10.0").
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Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer: Obtaining a Solution Using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
ANSYS CFX-Solver launches and a split screen appears. The left, or top, pane displays the results of the run graphically and the right, or bottom, pane displays the information as text. The panes continue to build as ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager operates.
Note: Once the second iteration appears, data begins to plot. Plotting may take a long time depending on the amount of data to process. Do not shut down the process. 3. Click OK when ANSYS CFX-Solver is finished.
Procedure
2. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager.
This forces Standalone ANSYS CFX-Solver to close after the Definition file has been written. This option is not required in Workbench.
3. Click OK.
After a short pause, ANSYS CFX-Post starts and ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager closes.
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3D Viewer: Displays an outline of the geometry and other graphic objects. In addition to the mouse, you can use icons from the Viewing Tools toolbar (along the top of the viewer) to manipulate the view. Objects Workspace: Consists of the Object Selector and Object Editor. This is accessed by clicking the Objects tab in the ANSYS CFX-Post Workspace. For details, see ANSYS CFX-Post Workspace (p. 15 in "ANSYS CFX-Post, Release 10.0").
Workflow Overview
Do not perform any of the following tasks now. For review purposes only this section provides a brief summary of the topics to follow as a general workflow: 1. Setting the Edge Angle for a Wireframe Object (p. 34 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 2. Creating a Point for the Origin of the Streamline (p. 35 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 3. Creating a Streamline Originating from a Point (p. 36 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 4. Rearranging the Point (p. 38 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 5. Configuring a Default Legend (p. 39 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 6. Creating a Slice Plane (p. 41 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 7. Defining Slice Plane Geometry (p. 41 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 8. Configuring Slice Plane Views (p. 42 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 9. Rendering Slice Planes (p. 42 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 10. Colouring the Slice Plane (p. 43 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 11. Moving the Slice Plane (p. 44 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials Page 33
Tip: While it is not necessary to change the view to set the angle, we do so to explore the practical uses of this feature. 2. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select Isometric View (Z Up) 3. In Wireframe, under Definition, click the Edge Angle field.
An embedded slider is displayed.
4. Type a value of 10 [degree]. 5. Click Apply to update the object with the new setting.
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6. Drag the embedded slider to set the Edge Angle value to approximately 45 [degree]. 7. Click Apply to update the object with the new setting.
Less of the outline of the geometry is displayed.
8. Type a value of 15 [degree]. 9. Click Apply to update the object with the new setting. 10. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select View Towards -X .
2. Click OK.
This accepts the default name.
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Objects
Point 1
4. Under Definition, ensure that Method is set to XYZ. 5. Under Point, enter the following coordinates: -1, -1, 1.
This is a point near the first inlet.
6. Click Apply.
The point appears as a symbol in the 3D Viewer as a crosshair symbol.
2. Click OK.
This accepts the default name.
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Objects
Streamline 1
4. Under Definition, in Start From, ensure that Point 1 is set. Tip: To create streamlines originating from more than one location, click the ellipsis icon to the right of the Start From box. This displays the Location Selector, where <Ctrl> and <Shift> keys can be used to pick multiple locators. 5. Click the Colour tab.
Streamline 1 Geometry Colour Symbol Limits Render View
6. Set Mode to Variable. 7. Set Variable to Total Temperature. 8. Set Range to Local. 9. Click Apply.
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While in this mode, the normal behaviour of the left mouse button is disabled.
5. In the 3D Viewer, drag Point 1(appears as a yellow plus sign) to a new location within the mixer.
The point position is updated in the Object Editor and the streamline is redrawn at the new location. The point moves normal in relation to the viewing direction.
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Tip: You can also click in the viewer area, and press space bar to toggle between Select and Viewing Mode. A way to pick objects from Viewing Mode, is to hold down <Ctrl> + <Shift> while clicking on an object with the left mouse button. 7. Under Point, reset these coordinates: -1, -1, 1. 8. Click Apply.
The point appears at its original location.
Since there are many settings that can be customized for the legend, this module allows you the freedom to experiment with them. The last steps set up a legend, based on the default legend, with a minor modification to the position. Tip: When editing values, you can click Reset or Default at any time before clicking Apply to reset original values. This is useful if you make many changes, but have not applied them and want to reset all values to where they started before your edits. Procedure 1. Under Objects, expand View Control.
CFX Post File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
Objects + File Contents + User Locations & Plots View Control Default Transform Default Legend
1. An exception occurs when one or more bands in a contour plot represent values beyond the legends range. In this case, such bands are coloured using a colour that is extrapolated slightly past the range of colours shown in the legend. This can happen only when a user-specified range is used for the legend. ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials Page 39
4. Click Apply.
The appearance and position of the legend changes based on the settings specified.
5. Modify various settings in Definition and click Apply after each change. 6. Select Appearance.
Default Legend Definition Appearance
7. Modify a variety of settings in the Appearance and click Apply after each change. 8. Click Defaults. 9. Click Apply. 10. Under Objects, in User Locations and Plots, clear the check box for Point 1 and Streamline 1.
CFX Post File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
Objects + File Contents User Locations & Plots Point 1 Steamline 1 + View Control
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The plane you create passes through the point (0,0,1) and its orientation is normal to the Z axis. Procedure 1. Select Create > Location > Plane or click Location > Create Plane 2. In the New Plane window, type Slice. 3. Click OK.
The Geometry, Colour, Render and View tabs let you switch between settings.
Procedure
3. Click and drag a rectangular selection over the geometry. 4. Release the mouse button to zoom in on the selection. 5. Select Viewer > Rotate or click Rotate on the Viewing Tools toolbar.
6. Click and drag the mouse pointer down slightly to rotate the geometry towards you. 7. Select Isometric View (Z Up) .
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Procedure
1. If required, under Slice, select Render. 2. Clear Draw Faces. 3. Select Draw Lines. 4. Under Draw Lines change Colour Mode to User Specified. 5. Click the current colour in Line Colour to change to a different colour.
For a greater selection of colours, click the ellipsis to use the Select colour dialog box.
The onscreen image is used for the purpose of comparison with Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh) (p. 53 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). It is displayed below.
Procedure
Procedure
4. Click and drag the plane to a new location that intersects the domain.
When you release the mouse button, the Object Editor and Viewer update automatically. Note that Point updates with new settings.
5. Set Point settings to 0,0,1. 6. Click Apply. 7. Select Viewer > Rotate or click Rotate 8. Turn off visibility for Slice.
Slice Geometry Colour Render View
Visibility
9. Click Apply.
Adding Contours
Contours connect all points of equal value for a scalar variable (for example, Temperature) and help to visualise variable values and gradients. Synopsis Coloured bands fill the spaces between contour lines. Each band is coloured by the average colour of its two bounding contour lines (even if the latter are not displayed). Important: The colours of 3D graphics object faces are slightly altered when lighting is on. To view colours with highest accuracy, turn off Lighting in the Draw Faces frame on the Render panel (in the Object Editor for the object). Procedure 1. Select Create > Contour or click Create contour plot
The New Contour dialog box is displayed.
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2. Set Name to Slice Contour. 3. Click OK. 4. Under Geometry, set Locations to Slice.
Slice Contour Geometry Domains Locations Variable Range Slice Labels Render View
5. Set Variable to Temperature. 6. Click the Render tab. 7. Turn off Draw Faces. 8. Click Apply.
The contour plot is created.
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Procedure
The current view becomes the new default for the selected camera and is displayed in the toolbar. This defaults to Camera1.
2. Reposition, rotate or zoom the geometry in the viewer. 3. Select Viewer > New Camera or click New Camera 4. Click OK.
The default name is used for the new view.
The New View dialog box is displayed and the default name, Camera 5, is displayed.
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6. Select Camera 1.
The original view is restored.
7. Using the Camera Selector, switch the view back to Camera 5. 8. Select Viewer > Delete Camera or click Delete Camera
When deleting a camera view the 3D viewer displays a default view.
Procedure
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2. Under User Locations and Plots, clear the visibility of Slice Contour and select the visibility of Slice.
CFX Post File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
Objects + File Contents User Locations & Plots Slice Contour Slice Point 1 Steamline 1
A new keyframe named KeyframeNo1 is created. This represents the current image displayed in the 3D Viewer.
Procedure
6. Set # of Frames (located near the bottom of the Animation Editor) to 20.
This is the number of intermediate frames used when going from KeyframeNo1 to KeyframeNo2. This number is displayed in the Frames column next to KeyframeNo1.
7. Press <Enter>.
The Frame # column shows the frame in which each keyframe appears. KeyframeNo1 appears at frame #1 since it defines the start of the animation. KeyframeNo2 is at Frame # 22 since you have 20 intermediate frames (frames 2 to 21) in between KeyframeNo1 and KeyframeNo2.
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2. Click Apply.
The slice plane moves to the top of the static mixer.
Note: Do not double click in the next step. 3. In the Animation Editor, single click (do not double-click) KeyframeNo1 to select it.
If you had double-clicked KeyFrameNo1, the plane and viewer states would have been redefined according to the stored settings for KeyFrameNo1. If this happens, click Undo
The image in the Viewer replaces the one previously associated with KeyframeNo1.
5. Double-click KeyframeNo2.
The object properties for the slice plane are updated according to the settings in KeyFrameNo2.
7. Click Apply.
Page 50 ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials
8. In the Animation Editor, click KeyframeNo2. 9. Click Set Keyframe to save the new settings to KeyframeNo2.
Saving to MPEG
By defining the geometry and then saving to MPEG, the results can be shared in a video format. Procedure 1. Click More Animation Options to expand additional options.
Animation Keyframe Animation # 1 2 | Keyframe | ? Quick Animation Frames 20 10 |
Frame # | 1 22
KeyframeNo1 KeyframeNo2
# of Frames K F F
20 F K K
Under More Animation Options, the Looping option determines what happens when the animation reaches the last keyframe. When it is set to Loop, the animation repeats itself the number of times defined by Repeat. When Looping is set to Bounce, every other cycle is played in reverse order, starting with the second.
10. Click the Options button at the bottom of the Animation Editor. In Advanced, you can see that a Frame Rate of 24 frames per second was used to create the animation. The animation you produced contains a total of 22 frames, so it takes just under 1 second to play in a media player. Additional information on the Animation Editor is available. For details, see Animation Editor: Options Dialog Box (p. 113 in "ANSYS CFX-Post, Release 10.0").
12. Close the Animation Editor by clicking the X icon in the upperright corner. 13. Review the animation in thirdparty software as required.
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 54 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: StaticMixerRefMesh.gtm StaticMixerRef.pre StaticMixer.def StaticMixer_001.res
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Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Features explored in this tutorial
Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Boundary Conditions
Details General Mode Steady State General Fluid Single Domain k-Epsilon Thermal Energy Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Subsonic) Wall: No-Slip Wall: Adiabatic
Other
In this tutorial you will learn about: Using the General Mode of ANSYS CFX-Pre (This mode is used for more complex cases). Rerunning a problem with a refined mesh. Importing CCL to copy the definition of a different simulation into the current simulation. Viewing the mesh with a Sphere volume locator and a Surface Plot. Using a Plane Volume locator and the Mesh Calculator to analyse mesh quality.
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Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Overview of the problem to solve
Synopsis
This section describes the step-by-step definition of the flow physics in ANSYS CFX-Pre. As an alternative, you can play a session file to complete the ANSYS CFX-Pre part of the tutorial.
Workflow Overview
Do not perform any of the following tasks now. For review purposes only, this section provides a brief summary of the topics to follow as a general workflow: 1. Creating a New Simulation (p. 55 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 2. Importing a Mesh (p. 57 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 3. Importing CCL (p. 58 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 4. Viewing Domain Settings (p. 59 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 5. Viewing the Boundary Condition Setting (p. 60 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 6. Defining Solver Parameters (p. 60 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 7. Writing the Solver (.def) File (p. 61 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 8. As an alternative to these steps, you can also review Playing the Session File (p. 61 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") To begin this tutorial and create a new simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre, continue from Creating a New Simulation (p. 55 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials").
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Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Defining a Simulation using General Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Synopsis
Note: Two procedures are documented. Depending on your installation of ANSYS CFX, follow either the Standalone procedure or the Workbench procedure. For details, see ANSYS CFX in Workbench (p. 39 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Introduction"). 1. If required, launch ANSYS CFX-Pre. 2. Select File > New Simulation. 3. Click General in the New Simulation File window.
Procedure in Standalone
4. If required, set the path location to your working folder. 5. Under File name, type StaticMixerRef. 6. Click Save.
The Mesh tab is displayed.
CFX Pre File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
Mesh
7. Proceed to Importing a Mesh (p. 57 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). Procedure in Workbench 1. If required, launch Workbench. 2. Click Empty Project.
The Project Page will appear displaying an unsaved project.
3. Select File > Save or click Save. 4. If required, set the path location to your working folder. 5. Under Filename, type StaticMixerRef. 6. Click Save. 7. Click Start ANSYS CFX-Pre under Advanced CFD on the left hand Task Bar. 8. Select File > New Simulation. 9. Click General in the New Simulation File window.
10. Under File name , type StaticMixerRef. 11. If required, set the path location to your working folder. 12. Click Save.
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Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Defining a Simulation using General Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
The Mesh tab is displayed.
CFX Pre File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
Mesh
Importing a Mesh
At least one mesh must be imported before physics are applied. Synopsis An assembly is a group of mesh regions that are topologically connected. Each assembly can contain only one mesh, but multiple assemblies are permitted. The Mesh tab shows the regions in Assembly in a tree structure. The level below Assembly displays 3D regions and the level below each 3D region shows the 2D regions associated with it. The check box next to each item in the Mesh tree indicates the visibility status of the object in the viewer; you can click these to toggle visibility. 1. Select File > Import Mesh or click Import Mesh on the Mesh tab. .
Procedure
2. In the bottom left of the screen, under Definition, in File, click Browse
CFX Pre File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
Mesh
Definition
Advanced Options
Assembly Prefix
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Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Defining a Simulation using General Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Importing CCL
Since the physics for this simulation is very similar to that for Tutorial 7, you can save time by importing the settings used there. Synopsis The CCL contains settings that reference mesh regions. For example, the outlet boundary condition references the mesh region named out. In this tutorial, the name of the mesh regions are the same as in Tutorial 7, so you can import the CCL without error. The physics for a simulation can be saved to a CCL (CFX Command Language) file at any time by selecting File > Export CCL. However, a number of other files can also be used as sources to import CCL including: Simulation files (*.cfx) Results files (*.res) Definition (*.def)
Note: If you import CCL that references non-existent mesh regions you will get errors. Procedure 1. Select File > Import CCL.
Import CCL appears.
3. Under File type, select CFX-Solver Files (*def *res). 4. Select StaticMixer.def created in tutorial 1. If you did not work through tutorial 1, you can copy this file from the examples directory. 5. Click Open. 6. Select the Physics tab. Tip: To select Physics you may need to click the navigation icons next to the tabs to move forward or backward through the various tabs.
CFX Pre File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
Physics
Mesh
The Physics Selector displays a summary of the current simulation in a tree structure. Some items may be recognized from Tutorial 7for example the boundary condition objects in1, in2 and out. For details, see Physics Selector (p. 20 in "ANSYS CFX-Pre, Release 10.0").
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Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Defining a Simulation using General Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
General Options General Options specify the location of the domain, coordinate frame settings and the fluids/solids that are present in the domain. You also reference Pressure, Buoyancy and whether the domain is Stationary or Rotating. Mesh motion can also be set. Fluid Models Fluid Models set models that apply to the fluid(s) in the domain, such as heat transfer, turbulence, combustion and radiation models. An option absent in Tutorial 7 is Turbulent Wall Functions, which is set to Scalable. Wall functions model the flow in the near-wall region. For the k-epsilon turbulence model, you should always use scalable wall functions. For details, see Modelling Flow Near the Wall (p. 99 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Theory"). Initialisation Initialisation sets the initial conditions for the current domain only. This is generally used when multiple domains exist to allow setting different initial conditions in each domain, but can also be used to initialise single-domain simulations such as this case. Global Initialisation allows all domains to be initialised simultaneously. You will use this in many of the later tutorials. Procedure 1. Under Physics, under Flow, double-click StaticMixer.
CFX Pre File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
2. Click General Options and review, but do not change, the current settings. 3. Click Fluid Models and review, but do not change, the current settings. 4. Click Initialisation and review, but do not change, the current settings. 5. Click Close.
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Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Defining a Simulation using General Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Procedure
2. Click Boundary Details and review, but do not change, the current settings. 3. Click Close.
If your solution does not meet the convergence criteria after this number of timesteps, CFX-Solver will stop.
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Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Defining a Simulation using General Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
3. . 4. Click Apply. 5. Click the Advanced Options tab. 6. Ensure that Global Dynamic Model Control is selected.
For details, see Dynamic Model Control (p. 338 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
7. Click OK.
Procedure
2. If required, set the path location to the tutorial folder. 3. Apply the following settings:
Set the following Filename Operation Quit CFXPre* *. To this value StaticMixerRef.def Start Solver Manager Selected
4. Click OK. 5. If you are notified that the file already exists, click Overwrite. 6. If prompted, click Yes or Save & Quit to save StaticMixerRef.cfx.
The definition file (StaticMixerRef.def) and the simulation file (StaticMixerRef.cfx) are created. ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager automatically starts and the definition file is set in the Definition File box of Define Run.
7. Proceed to Obtaining a Solution Using Interpolation with ANSYS CFX-Solver (p. 62 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials").
Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Obtaining a Solution Using Interpolation with ANSYS CFX-Solver
Synopsis
Two procedures are documented. Depending on your installation of ANSYS CFX follow either the Standalone procedure or the Workbench procedure. 1. If required, launch ANSYS CFX-Pre. 2. Select Session > Play Session. 3. Select StaticMixerRef.pre, located in the examples directory. 4. Click Open.
A Definition file is written.
Procedure in Standalone
5. Proceed to Obtaining a Solution Using Interpolation with ANSYS CFX-Solver (p. 62 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). Procedure in Workbench 1. If required, launch Workbench. 2. Click Empty Project. 3. Select File > Save or click Save. 4. Under Filename, type StaticMixerRef. 5. If required, set the path location to a different folder. 6. Click Save. 7. Click Start ANSYS CFX-Pre. 8. Select Session > Play Session. 9. Select StaticMixerRef.pre, located in the examples directory. 10. Click Open.
A Definition file is written.
11. Click the ANSYS CFX-Solver tab. 12. Select File > Define Run. 13. Under Definition File, click Browse .
Workflow Overview
Do not perform any of the following tasks now. For review purposes only this section provides a brief summary of the topics to follow as a general workflow: 1. Interpolating the Results and Starting the Run (p. 63 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 2. Confirming Results (p. 63 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 3. Moving from ANSYS CFX-Solver to ANSYS CFX-Post (p. 64 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
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Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Obtaining a Solution Using Interpolation with ANSYS CFX-Solver
3. Click Open. 4. Select Interpolate Initial Values onto Def File Mesh. 5. Click Start Run. Note: The message Finished interpolation successfully appears relatively quickly; however, the convergence information is not yet plotted. Once the second iteration appears, data begins to plot. Plotting may take a long time depending on the amount of data to process. Do not shut down the process.
Confirming Results
When interpolation is successful specific information appears in the text screen of ANSYS CFX-Solver. Synopsis To confirm that the interpolation was successful, look in the text pane in ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager. The following text appears before the convergence history begins:
+---------------------------------------------------------+ | Initial Conditions Supplied by Fields in the Input Files +---------------------------------------------------------+
This lists the variables that were interpolated from the results file. After the final iteration, a message similar to the following content appears:
CFD Solver finished: Tue Oct 19 08:06:45 2004 CFD Solver wall clock seconds: 1.7100E+02 Execution terminating: all RMS residual AND global imbalance are below their target criteria
This indicates that ANSYS CFX-Solver has successfully calculated the solution for the problem to the specified accuracy or has run out of coefficient loops. Procedure 1. Click OK when ANSYS CFX-Solver is finished.
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Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
Procedure
2. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager.
This forces Standalone ANSYS CFX-Solver to close when finished. This option is not required in Workbench.
3. Click OK.
After a short pause, ANSYS CFX-Post starts.
Synopsis
When ANSYS CFX-Post starts, the 3D Viewer and Objects Workspace display by default.
Workflow Overview
Do not perform any of the following tasks now. For review purposes only, this section provides a brief summary of the topics to follow as a general workflow: 1. Creating a Slice Plane (p. 64 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 2. Colouring the Slice Plane (p. 66 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 3. Viewing the Surface Mesh (p. 67 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 4. Looking at the Inflated Elements in Three Dimensions (p. 67 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 5. Creating a Second Volume Object (p. 69 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 6. Viewing the Surface Mesh on the Mixer Body (p. 69 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 7. Viewing the Layers of Inflated Elements (p. 70 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 8. Using the Mesh Calculator (p. 70 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 9. Viewing the Mesh Elements with Largest Face Angle Using a Volume (p. 71 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 10. Viewing the Mesh Elements with Largest Face Angle Using a Point (p. 72 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
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Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
Around the edges of the mixer geometry there are several layers of narrow rectangles. This is the region where the mesh contains prismatic elements (which are created as inflation layers). The bulk of the geometry contains tetrahedral elements. There are more lines on the Plane than there were in Tutorial 7. This is because the slice plane intersects with more mesh elements. The curves of the mixer are smoother than in Tutorial 7 because the finer mesh better represents the true geometry. . .
Procedure
1. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select Isometric View (Z Up) 2. Select Create > Location > Plane or under Location, click Plane
CFX Post File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
6. Click Apply. 7. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select View towards -Z 8. Click Zoom Box .
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Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
Compare the onscreen image with the equivalent picture from Rendering Slice Planes (p. 42 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). Notice the differences between the two slice planes that are mentioned in the synopsis, above.
10. From the drop-down menu on the Viewing Tools toolbar, select Isometric View (Z Up) .
You can specify the variable (in this case, Temperature) used to colour the object. Constant allows you to colour the Plane with a fixed colour.
2. Click Apply. 3. In the bottom left of the Object Selector, deselect Visibility.
Since the Slice Plane is not required in the next module, it will be hidden.
4. Click Apply.
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Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
4. In the Object Editor, Select Visibility. 5. Click Apply. 6. Apply the following settings
Modify Render Set the following Draw Faces Draw Lines Colour Mode Line Colour To this value Clear Select User Specified (Select any light colour)
8. Zoom in on the geometry to view out in greater detail. 9. Select Viewer > Rotate or click Rotate on the Viewing Tools toolbar.
10. Rotate the image as required to clearly see the mesh. 11. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select Isometric View (Z Up) .
Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
Leave the surface mesh on the outlet visible to help see how surface and volume meshes are related. A volume object consists of all the mesh elements that are entirely contained in a defined volume (Inclusive turned off), or all the mesh elements whose geometric centres are contained in a defined volume (Inclusive turned on). You will use a carefully placed Sphere volume to view a single mesh element by containing the centre of the element in the volume.
When done, a red tetrahedral mesh element is displayed near the centre of the outlet.
Procedure
1. Select Create > Location > Volume or, under Location click Volume
CFX Post File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
2. In the New Volume window, type Tet Volume. 3. Click OK. 4. Apply the following settings
Modify Geometry > Definition Set the following Method Point Radius Mode Inclusive Colour Render Colour Transparency Draw Lines Line Width Color Mode > User Specified *. . To this value Sphere 0.08, 0, -2* 0.14 [m] Below Intersection Clear Red 0.3 Select 5.0 Grey
The z sliders minimum value corresponds to the minimum z value of the entire geometry, which, in this case, occurs at the outlet. Only elements that are entirely contained within the sphere volume will be included
7. Zoom in on the geometry to view out in greater detail. 8. Select Viewer > Rotate or click Rotate on the Viewing Tools toolbar.
Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
10. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select Isometric View (Z Up)
8. Zoom in on the geometry to view out in greater detail. 9. Select Viewer > Rotate or click Rotate on the Viewing Tools toolbar.
10. Rotate the image as required to clearly see the mesh. 11. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select Isometric View (Z Up) .
Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
Modify Render
5. Click Apply. 6. Turn off the visibility of all objects except Slice2. 7. To see the plane clearly, select View Towards -X from the Viewing Tools toolbar.
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Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh): Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
Procedure
Tools
Mesh Calculator
Calculate
2. Under Function, select Maximum Face Angle. 3. Click Calculate to see a summary of the mesh quality metrics.
Mesh Calculator Function Maximum Face Angle Min: 68.2155 [degree] Max: 148.95 [degree] New Variable Maximum Face Angle has been generated. Calculate Maximum Face Angle
A new variable, Maximum Face Angle, is created and will be used for further analysis in this tutorial.
Viewing the Mesh Elements with Largest Face Angle Using a Volume
In the previous section, you used the Mesh Calculator to calculate the maximum face angles of mesh elements. As a result, a new variable, Maximum Face Angle, was created and stored at every node. Here, you will visualise the elements that contain at least one node having a maximal value of Maximum Face Angle by creating an Isovolume locator based on this variable. This technique can be used to visualise problem areas of a mesh, and can be used with other variables that are created by running the Mesh Calculator. In the viewer, the mesh elements that meet the criteria will appear as part of the Isovolume object. Procedure 1. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select Isometric View (Z Up) . .
2. Select Create > Location > Volume or under Location, click Volume 3. In the New Volume dialog box, type Max Face Angle Volume.
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This includes any elements that have at least ONE node with a variable value greater than or equal to the given value. For details, see Above/Below/Between/At Value and the Inclusive toggle (p. 65 in "ANSYS CFX-Post, Release 10.0").
6. Click Apply.
You now see a small volume near the entrances of one of the inlets.
Viewing the Mesh Elements with Largest Face Angle Using a Point
Next, we will create a Point Object to show the node(s) having the maximum value of Maximum Face Angle. The Point Object will be represented by a 3-d yellow crosshair symbol. In order to avoid obscuring the Point Object with the Isovolume Object, you may want to turn off the visibility of the latter. Procedure 1. Select Create > Location > Point or under Location, click Point 2. Click OK to use the default name. 3. Apply the following settings
Modify Geometry > Definition Set the following Method Location Variable Symbol Symbol Size To this value Variable Maximum Static Mixer Maximum Face Angle 2
4. Click Apply.
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 76 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: InjectMixer.pre InjectMixer_velocity_profile.csv InjectMixerMesh.gtm
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Tutorial 3: Flow in a Process Injection Mixing Pipe: Features explored in this tutorial
Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Boundary Conditions
Details General Mode Steady State General Fluid Single Domain k-Epsilon Thermal Energy Boundary Profile visualisation Inlet (Profile) Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Subsonic) Wall: No-Slip Wall: Adiabatic
CEL (CFX Expression Language) Timestep CFX-Post Plots Physical Timescale default Locators Outline Plot (Wireframe) Slice Plane Streamline Other Changing the Colour Range Expression Editor Legend Viewing the Mesh
In this tutorial you will learn about: Applying a Profile Boundary Condition using data stored in a file. Visualising the velocity on a boundary in CFX-Pre. Using the CFX Expression Language (CEL) to describe temperature dependent fluid properties in CFX-Pre. Using the k-epsilon turbulence model. Using streamlines in CFX-Post to track flow through the domain.
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Tutorial 3: Flow in a Process Injection Mixing Pipe: Overview of the problem to solve
=1.0 m
=0.3 m
Synopsis
This section describes the step-by-step definition of the flow physics in ANSYS CFX-Pre. As an alternative, you can play a session file to complete the ANSYS CFX-Pre part of the tutorial.
Workflow Overview
Do not perform any of the following tasks now. For review purposes, only this section provides a brief summary of the topics to follow as a general workflow: 1. Creating a New Simulation (p. 78 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 2. Importing a Mesh (p. 79 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
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3. Setting Temperature-Dependent Material Properties (p. 80 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 4. Plotting an Expression (p. 81 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 5. Evaluating an Expression (p. 82 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 6. Modify Material Properties (p. 82 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 7. Creating the Domain (p. 83 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 8. Creating the Side Inlet Boundary Conditions (p. 84 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 9. Creating the Main Inlet Boundary Conditions (p. 84 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 10. Creating the Main Outlet Boundary Condition (p. 85 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 11. Setting Initial Values (p. 86 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 12. Setting Solver Control (p. 86 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 13. Writing the Solver (.def) File (p. 87 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Note: You can also review Playing the Session File (p. 87 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") as an alternative to these steps. To begin this tutorial and create a new simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre, continue from Creating a New Simulation (p. 78 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). Tip: If you are already familiar with ANSYS CFX-Pre, or if you simply want to skip the manual process of creating a flow physics simulation, you can play a session file to complete the ANSYS CFX-Pre part of the tutorial. For details, see Playing the Session File (p. 87 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials").
Procedure in Standalone
Mesh
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6. Proceed to Importing a Mesh (p. 79 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). Procedure in Workbench 1. If required, launch Workbench. 2. Click Empty Project.
The Project Page will appear displaying an unsaved project.
3. Select File > Save or click Save. 4. If required, set the path location to the tutorial folder. 5. Under Filename, type InjectMixer. 6. Click Save. 7. Click Start ANSYS CFX-Pre under Advanced CFD on the left hand Task Bar. 8. Select File > New Simulation. 9. Under File name, type InjectMixer. 10. If required, set the path location to a different folder. 11. Click Save.
The Mesh tab is displayed.
Importing a Mesh
An assembly is a group of mesh regions that are topologically connected. Each assembly can contain only one mesh, but multiple assemblies are permitted. Procedure 1. Select File > Import Mesh or click Import Mesh . .
Mesh
Definition
Advanced Options
Assembly Prefix
3. From your tutorial directory, select InjectMixerMesh.gtm. 4. Click Open. 5. Click OK, at the bottom left of the Object Editor.
The mesh is opened.
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The variable T (Temperature) is a ANSYS CFX System Variable recognised by ANSYS CFX-Pre, denoting Static Temperature. All variables, expressions, locators, functions and constants can be viewed by right clicking in the Definition panel of the Expressions Editor. All expressions must have consistent units. You should be careful if using temperature in an expression with units other than [K]. For details, see Use of Offset Temperature (p. 64 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Reference Guide"). The Expressions Workspace lets you define, modify, evaluate, plot, copy, delete and browse through expressions used within ANSYS CFX-Pre. Procedure 1. Click the Expressions tab or select Create > Library Objects > Expression.
CFX Pre File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
5. Under Definition, type 325 [K]. 6. Click Apply to create the expression.
The expression is added to the list of existing expressions.
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7. In the Expressions Workspace, click New 9. Click OK. 10. Under Definition, type 275 [K]. 11. Click Apply to create the expression.
12. Create Expressions for Visupper, Vislower and VisT using the following values.
Plotting an Expression
Procedure 1. Select the expression VisT in the Expression Selector, and then click Edit
The Expression Editor for VisT displays below the Expression Selector.
CFX Pre File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
Tip: Alternatively, double-clicking the expression also opens the Expression Editor.
VisT
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Evaluating an Expression
Procedure 1. Click the Evaluate tab.
CFX Pre File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
VisT
Materials
2. Select Water (within the Water Data material group), and then click Edit click Water from the Materials selector to display the Basic Settings.
or double
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Material Water
4. Expand Transport Properties. 5. Select Dynamic Viscosity. 6. Under Dynamic Viscosity, click in Dynamic Viscosity.
The default value of 0.0008899 [kg m^-1 s^-1] is selected.
Basic Settings Option Thermodynamic Properties Transport Properties Dynamic Viscosity Value Option Dynamic Viscosity Value 0.0008899 [kg m^-1 s^-1] + + + Material Properties
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7. Click OK.
5. Click OK.
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Tutorial 3: Flow in a Process Injection Mixing Pipe: Defining a Simulation using General Mode in ANSYS CFX-Pre
You will create a plot showing the velocity profile data, marked by higher velocities near the centre of the inlet, and lower velocities near the inlet walls. Procedure 1. Select Tools > Initialise Profile Data. 2. Under Data File, click Browse 4. Click Open. 5. Click OK.
The profile data is read into memory.
6. Select Create > Flow Objects > Boundary Condition or click Boundary Condition . 7. In the Name window, type main inlet. 8. Click OK. 9. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location Use Profile Data Profile Name To this value Inlet main inlet Select main inlet
12. Click OK. 13. Zoom into the main inlet to view the inlet velocity contour.
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Procedure
1. Select Create > Flow Objects > Boundary Condition or click Boundary Condition . 2. In the Name window, type outlet. 3. Click OK. 4. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Flow Regime > Option Mass and Momentum > Option Relative Pressure To this value Outlet outlet Subsonic Average Static Pressure 0 [Pa]
5. Click OK.
More information about setting a Specified Blend Factor is available. For details, see Specify Blend (p. 337 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling"). An RMS value of at least 1.E-5 is usually required for adequate convergence, but the default value is sufficient for demonstration purposes. For details, see Judging Convergence (p. 341 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
3. Click OK.
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3. Click OK. 4. If you are notified the file already exists, click Overwrite.
This file is provided in the tutorial directory and may exist in your working folder if you have copied it there.
6. Proceed to Obtaining a Solution Using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager (p. 88 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials").
Procedure in Standalone
5. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre. 6. Click the ANSYS CFX-Solver icon on the ANSYS CFX Launcher. 7. Select File > Define Run. 8. Under Definition File, click Browse .
9. Select InjectMixer.def, located in the examples directory. 10. Proceed to Obtaining a Solution Using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager (p. 88 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). Procedure in Workbench 1. If required, launch Workbench. 2. Click Empty Project.
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The Project Page will appear displaying an unsaved project.
3. Select File > Save or click Save. 4. Under Filename, type InjectMixer. 5. If required, set the path location to a different folder. 6. Click Save. 7. Select Session > Play Session. 8. Select InjectMixer.pre, located in the examples directory. 9. Click Open.
A Definition file is written.
10. Go to Project Page 11. Click Start ANSYS CFX-Solver under Advanced CFD on the left hand Task Bar. 12. Select File > Define Run. 13. Under Definition File, click Browse .
14. Select InjectMixer.def, created in the working directory. Tip: Steps 12 - 14 can also be achieved by going to the Project Page and double clicking on InjectMixer.def.
2. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager.
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Workflow Overview
Do not perform any of the following tasks now. For review purposes only, this section provides a brief summary of the topics to follow as a general workflow: 1. Modifying the Outline of the Geometry (p. 89 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 2. Creating and Modifying Streamlines (p. 89 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 3. Modifying Streamline Colour Ranges (p. 90 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 4. Colouring Streamlines with a Constant Colour (p. 90 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 5. Duplicating and Modifying a Streamline Object (p. 90 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") 6. Examining Turbulent Kinetic Energy (p. 91 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
5. Click Apply. 6. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select Isometric View (Y up)
The pipe is displayed with the main inlet in the bottom right of the viewer.
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2. Click Apply.
The colour map is fitted to the range of velocities found along the streamlines. The streamlines therefore collectively contain every colour in the colour map.
Note: Portions of streamlines that have values outside the range shown in the legend are coloured according to the colour at the nearest end of the legend. When using tubes or symbols (which contain faces), more accurate colours are obtained with lighting turned off. 4. Click Apply.
The streamlines are coloured using the specified range of velocity values.
Colour can be set to green by selecting it from the colour pallet, or by repeatedly clicking on the colour box until it cycles through to the default green colour.
2. Click Apply.
Tutorial 3: Flow in a Process Injection Mixing Pipe: Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
7. Click Apply.
Red streamlines appear, starting from the side inlet.
a. Select Create > Location > Plane b. Click OK. 3. Colour the plane using the variable Turbulence Kinetic Energy, to show regions of high turbulence.
To do so, apply the settings below. If you are comfortable with the product and do not need to use them, proceed directly to step 4.
Modify Colour
4. Experiment with other variables to colour this plane (for example, Temperature to show the temperature mixing of the two streams).
Commonly used variables are in the drop-down menu. A full list of available variables can be viewed by clicking
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1. When you are finished, select File > Quit to exit ANSYS CFX-Post. 2. Click Quit if prompted to save. 1. Before quitting it is advised to return to the Project Page and save the current project. 2. When you are finished, select File > Close to close the current file. 3. Click Quit if prompted to save.
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 94 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: CircVent.pre CircVentIni.pre CircVentIni_001.res CircVentMesh.gtm
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Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Boundary Conditions
Details General Mode Steady State Transient General Fluid Single Domain k-Epsilon Inlet (Subsonic) Opening Wall: No-Slip
Timestep Transient Results File CFX-Solver Manager CFX-Post Power Syntax Plots Other
Animation Isosurface Auto Annotation MPEG Generation Printing Timestep Selection Title/Text Transient Animation
In this tutorial you will learn about: Setting up a transient problem in ANSYS CFX-Pre. Using an opening type boundary condition in ANSYS CFX-Pre. Modelling smoke using Additional Variables in ANSYS CFX-Pre. Visualising a smoke plume using an Isosurface in ANSYS CFX-Post. Creating an image for printing, and generating an MPEG file in ANSYS CFX-Post.
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Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer (p. 17 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh) (p. 53 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial 3: Flow in a Process Injection Mixing Pipe (p. 75 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
r=10 m
Tutorial 4: Flow from a Circular Vent: Defining a Steady-State Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
4. If required, set the path location to the tutorial folder. 5. Under File name, type CircVentIni. 6. Click Save.
2. In the bottom left of the screen, under File, click Browse 3. From your examples directory, select CircVentMesh.gtm. 4. Click Open. 5. Click OK to import the mesh.
6. Click OK.
5. Click OK.
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6. Click OK.
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Opening Boundary
1. Select Create > Flow Objects > Boundary Condition or click Boundary Condition . 2. Under Name, type Atmosphere. 3. Under Domain, select CircVent. 4. Click OK. 5. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Option To this value Opening Atmosphere Opening Pres. and Dirn* Normal to Boundary Condition Intensity and Length Scale 0.05 .25 [m] Value 0 [kg m^-3]
Mass and Momentum > Relative Pressure 0 [Pa] Flow Direction > Option Turbulence > Option Turbulence > value Turbulence > Eddy Len. Scale Additional Variables > smoke > Option Additional Variables > smoke > Value *.
For details, see Mass and Momentum (p. 59 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
6. Click OK. Inlet for the Vent 1. Select Create > Flow Objects > Boundary Condition or click Boundary Condition . 2. Under Name, type Vent. 3. Under Domain, select CircVent. 4. Click OK. 5. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Normal Speed Turbulence > Option Additional Variables > smoke > Option Additional Variables > smoke > Value To this value Inlet Vent 0.01 [m s^-1] Intensity and Eddy Viscosity Ratio Value 0 [kg m^-3]
6. Click OK.
.
ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials
Tutorial 4: Flow from a Circular Vent: Defining a Steady-State Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
For details, see Setting the Initial Conditions (p. 86 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK. 4. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file. 5. Proceed to Obtaining a Solution to the Steady-State Problem (p. 100 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials").
3. Select CircVentIni.pre located in the tutorial directory, and then click Open.
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Tutorial 4: Flow from a Circular Vent: Obtaining a Solution to the Steady-State Problem
You can now continue with this tutorial from Obtaining a Solution to the Steady-State Problem (p. 100 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials").
Tutorial 4: Flow from a Circular Vent: Defining a Transient Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Do NOT click the Expression icon. The list specifies 4 timesteps of 0.25 [s], then 2 timesteps of 0.5 [s], etc.
3. Click OK.
Physics Flow Simulation Type CircVent Atmosphere CircVent Default Vent Boundary Conditions
We will divert temporarily from the boundary editor, but it should be left open for now.
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Expressions
You are going to create an expression for smoke concentration. The concentration is zero for time t=0 and builds up to a maximum of 1 kg m^-3.
8. Click Apply to create the expression. 9. Create the following expressions with specific settings, remembering to click Apply after each is defined.
Expression Name FinalConcentration ExpFunction *. Set the following To this value Definition Definition* 1 [kg m^-3] FinalConcentration*abs(1-exp(-t/TimeConstant))
When entering this function, you can select most of the required items by right-clicking in the Definition window in the Expression Editor instead of typing them. The names of the existing expressions are under the Expressions > menu. The exp and abs functions are under Functions > CEL. The variable t is under Variables.
Note: The abs function takes the modulus (or magnitude) of its argument. Even though the expression (1- exp (-t/TimeConstant)) can never be less than zero, the abs function is included to ensure that the numerical error in evaluating it near to zero will never make the expression evaluate to a negative number. Next you will visualise how the expressions have scheduled the concentration of smoke issued from the vent. 1. Double-click ExpFunction in the Expression Selector. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Plot Set the following t Start of Range End of Range Page 102 To this value Select 0 [s] 30 [s] ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials
Tutorial 4: Flow from a Circular Vent: Defining a Transient Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
As can be seen, the smoke concentration rises exponentially, and reaches 90% of its final value at around 7 seconds.
Physics
Edit Boundary: Vent in Domain: CircVent is displayed. In the next step, you will apply the expression ExpFunction to the Additional Variable smoke as it applies to the boundary Vent.
6. Click OK.
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Initialisation Values
The steady state solution that you have finished calculating is used to supply the initial values to the ANSYS CFX-Solver. You can leave all of the Initialisation data set to Automatic and the initial values will be read automatically from the initial values file. Therefore, there is no need to revisit the initialisation panel.
2. Set Max. Coeff. Loops to 3. 3. Leave the other settings at their default values. 4. Click OK to set the solver control parameters.
Output Control
To allow results to be viewed at different time steps, it is necessary to create transient results files at specified times. The transient results files do not have to contain all solution data. In this step, you will create minimal transient results files. To Create Minimal Transient Results Files 1. Select Create > Flow Objects > Output Control. 2. Click the Trn Results tab. 3. Click Add New Item and then click OK to accept the default name for the object.
This creates a new transient results object. Each object can result in the production of many transient results files.
Click the ellipsis icon to select variables if they do not appear in the drop-down box. Use the <Ctrl> key to select multiple variables.
5. Create a second item with the default name Transient Results 2 and apply the following settings
Modify Transient Results Set the following Transient Results 2 > Option Transient Results 2 > Output Variables List Transient Results 2 > Time Interval Time Interval* To this value Selected Variables Pressure, Velocity, smoke Select 4 [s]
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Tutorial 4: Flow from a Circular Vent: Obtaining a Solution to the Transient Problem *. A transient results file will be produced every 4 s (including 0 s) and at 1 s, 2 s and 3 s. The files will contain no mesh and data for only the three selected variables. This reduces the size of the minimal results files. A full results file is always written at the end of the run.
6. Click OK.
3. Click OK. 4. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion. 5. Proceed to Obtaining a Solution to the Transient Problem (p. 105 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials").
2. Select CircVentIni_001.res, which is the results file of the steady-state problem with no smoke issuing from the chimney. 3. Click Open.
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4. Click Start Run. 5. When ANSYS CFX-Solver has finished, click OK. 6. Select Tools > PostProcess Results or click PostProcess Results 8. Click OK. .
7. When Start ANSYS CFX-Post appears, select Shut down Solver Manager.
Creating an Isosurface
An isosurface is a surface of constant value of a variable. For instance, it could be a surface consisting of all points where the velocity is 1 m s^-1. In this case, you are going to create an isosurface of smoke density (smoke is the additional variable that you specified earlier). 1. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select Isometric View (Z up) .
This ensures that the view is set to a position that is best suited to display the results.
2. Select Create > Location > Isosurface or under Location, click Isosurface 3. Click OK. 4. Apply the following settings
Modify Geometry Set the following Variable Value Visibility
5. Click Apply.
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A bumpy surface will be displayed, showing the smoke starting to emerge from the vent. The surface is rough because the mesh is coarse. For a smoother surface, you would re-run the problem with a smaller mesh length scale. The surface will be a constant colour as the default settings on the Colour panel were used. When Colour Mode is set to either Constant or Use Plot Variable for an Isosurface, it appears as one colour. You should not use the Local Range setting for an isosurface since the Local Range is zero.
6. In Geometry, experiment by changing the Value so that you can see the shape of the plume more clearly.
Zoom in and rotate the geometry, as required.
7. When you have finished, set the Value to 0.002 [kg m^-3]. 8. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select Isometric View (Z up) .
6. Click Apply to create the title. 7. Click the Location tab to modify the position of the title.
The default settings for text objects centre text at the top of the screen. To experiment with the position of the text, change the settings on the Location panel.
8. Under Appearance, change Colour Mode to User Specified and select a new colour. 9. Click Apply. JPEG output ANSYS CFX-Post can produce hard-copy output in several different forms. In the next section we will print in JPEG format. Many other formats are also supported. For details, see Print (p. 53 in "ANSYS CFX-Post, Release 10.0"). 1. Select File > Print, or click Print to file 2. Under Format select JPEG. 3. Click Browse next to the File data box. .
4. Browse to the directory where you want the file saved. 5. Enter a name for the JPEG file.
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You have now looked at the results at time 1 s and produced a JPEG file showing some of these results. Now you are going to have a look at the results for another time value. 1. Select Tools > Timestep Selector, or click Show Timestep Selector .
2. Load the results for Time Value 2 s, as you did for the previous results, by double-clicking the appropriate row in the Timestep Selector.
After a short pause, you will see the 3D Viewer update with the results for the new time value. You should be able to see that the smoke has now started to spread out a little more.
4. Double-click some more time values to see how the smoke plume grows with time. 5. Finish by loading Time Value 0 s. 6. Click the Objects tab and clear the visibility of the text object to hide it. To Generate an MPEG File You can generate an MPEG file to show the transient flow of the plume of smoke. To generate a MPEG file, you use the Animation Editor in the same way as in Tutorial 1. However, to animate the plume of smoke, you need to animate over several time steps. Note: On the Advanced panel of Animation Options, there is a check box option called Save frames as image files. By turning on this option, the JPEG or PPM files used to encode each frame of the MPEG will persist after MPEG creation; otherwise, they are deleted. Setting Keyframes 1. Click Show Animation Editor .
2. Ensure that Keyframe Animation is selected. 3. Position the geometry so that you will be able to see the plume of smoke. 4. In the Animation Editor, click New to create KeyFrameNo1.
5. Load Time Value 28 s using the Timestep Selector. 6. Click New in the Animation Editor to create KeyframeNo2.
Defining additional options During the production of a transient animation, various time steps will be loaded and all objects will be updated to use the results from that time step. Each frame of the animation must use one of the available time steps. In Animation, Timestep can be set to Timestep Interpolation, TimeValue Interpolation or Sequential Interpolation. This option determines the method used to decide which time step is loaded for each frame.
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Frame # | 1 22
KeyframeNo1 KeyframeNo2
# of Frames K F F
20 F K K
This causes each frame to use the transient file having the closest time value. You can also choose other types of interpolation. For details, see Animation (p. 110 in "ANSYS CFX-Post, Release 10.0").
9. If required, set the path location to a different folder. 10. Click Save.
The MPEG file name (including path) is set. At this point, the animation has not yet been produced.
. .
The MPEG will be created as the animation proceeds. This will be slow, since a time step must be loaded and objects must be created for each frame. To view the MPEG file, you need to use a viewer that supports the MPEG format.
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 113 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: BluntBody.pre BluntBodyDist.cse BluntBodyMesh.gtm
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Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Boundary Conditions
Details General Mode Steady State Ideal Gas Single Domain Shear Stress Transport Isothermal Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Subsonic) Symmetry Plane Wall: No-Slip Wall: Free-Slip
Physical Timescale Default Locators Outline Plot (Wireframe) Sampling Plane Streamline Vector Volume
Other
Changing the Colour Range Instancing Transformation Lighting Adjustment Symmetry Viewing the Mesh
In this tutorial you will learn about: Solving and post-processing a case where the geometry has been omitted on one side of a symmetry plane. Using free slip wall boundaries on the sides of and above the domain as a compromise between accurate flow modelling and computational grid size. Accurately modelling the near-wall flow using Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model. Running the ANSYS CFX-Solver in parallel (optional). Creating vector plots in ANSYS CFX-Post with uniform spacing between the vectors. Creating a macro using power syntax in ANSYS CFX-Post.
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1.44 m
5.2 m
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3. Click OK.
This tutorial uses an ideal gas as the fluid whereas previous tutorials have used a General Fluid. When modelling a compressible flow using the ideal gas approximation to calculate density variations, it is important to set a realistic Reference Pressure. This is because some fluid properties depend on the absolute fluid pressure (calculated as the static pressure plus the reference pressure). 1. Click Create a Domain .
4. Click OK.
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4. : 5. In the Region List, hold down the <Ctrl> key and select Free1 and Free2. 6. Click OK.
4. : 5. Click OK. Outlet Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named Outlet. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Option To this value Outlet Outlet Static Pressure
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3. : 4. Click OK. Free Slip Wall Boundary The top and side surfaces of the rectangular region will use free slip wall boundary conditions. On Free Slip Walls the shear stress is set to zero so that the fluid is not retarded. The velocity normal to the Wall is also set to zero. The velocity parallel to the Wall is calculated during the solution.
This is not an ideal boundary condition for this situation since the flow around the body will be affected by the close proximity to the walls. If this case was modelling a wind tunnel experiment, the domain should model the size and shape of the wind tunnel and use no-slip walls. If this case was modelling a blunt body open to the atmosphere, a much larger domain should be used to minimise the effect of the walls. You will apply a single boundary condition to both walls by using the composite region defined earlier. 1. Create a new boundary condition named FreeWalls. 2. Apply the following settings:
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Wall Influence On Flow > Option To this value Wall FreeWalls Free Slip
3. Click OK. Symmetry Plane 1. Create a new boundary condition named SymP. Boundary 2. Apply the following settings:
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location To this value Symmetry SymP
3. Click OK. Wall Boundary on the Blunt Body Surface 1. Create a new boundary condition named Body. 2. Apply the following settings:
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Wall Influence On Flow > Option To this value Wall Body No Slip
3. Click OK.
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The remaining 2D regions (in this case, just the low Z face) will be assigned the default boundary condition which is an adiabatic, no-slip wall condition. In this case, the name of the default boundary condition is BluntBody Default. Although the boundary conditions Body and BluntBody Default are identical (except for their locations), the Body boundary condition was created so that, during post-processing, its location can by conveniently distinguished from the other adiabatic, no-slip Wall surfaces.
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK.
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Tutorial 5: Flow Around a Blunt Body: Obtaining a Solution Using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
3. Click OK. 4. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
5. When Start ANSYS CFX-Post appears, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
Continue with this tutorial from Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post (p. 122 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials").
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Tutorial 5: Flow Around a Blunt Body: Obtaining a Solution Using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
The ANSYS CFX-Solver runs separately on each of the partitions on the selected machine(s). The results that one ANSYS CFX-Solver process calculates affects the other ANSYS CFX-Solver processes at the interface between the different sections of the mesh. All of the ANSYS CFX-Solver processes are required to communicate with each other and this is handled by the master process. The master process always runs on the machine that you are logged into when the parallel run starts. The other ANSYS CFX-Solver processes are slave processes. After the problem has been solved, a single Results File is written. It will be identical to a Results File from the same problem run as a serial process, with one exception: an extra variable Real partition number will be available for the parallel run. This will be described later in the tutorial.
Windows If you are working on Windows, no set up is required if your system administrator has followed the parallel setup instructions during installation. You can move straight to To Define a Parallel Run (p. 120 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). UNIX Follow the procedure below prior to running in parallel for the first time on UNIX systems. Note: The following procedure may not be needed for all systems. Your system administrator will inform you if you need to create a .rhosts file to run in parallel. You need to know the hostname of the machine that you are currently logged into. It will be used for the master process. 1. Type cfx5info -host in a UNIX terminal window.
The output should be used as the hostname.
Where <master> is the hostname found in step 1 above and <user> is your current user name. For example, your user name is smith, and you are logged onto a machine with the hostname of machine1. Then your .rhosts file would contain the following line of text:
machine1 smith
4. You now need to make this file readable by you only. This can be done by typing the following in a UNIX terminal window:
chmod 600 ~/.rhosts
If you have a different home directory on a machine you want to use for a slave process, you will have to create a .rhosts file on it in the same way, using exactly the same text (for example, use the same hostname, not the machines own hostname, for <master>). Note: If you do not have the same user name, you will be unable to run in parallel on this machine.
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Tutorial 5: Flow Around a Blunt Body: Obtaining a Solution Using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
In ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager, Define Run should already be open. 1. Set Definition File to BluntBody.def.
If you had wanted to run the problem as a serial run (as you have done in previous tutorials) you could have clicked Start Run. However, you are going to run the problem in parallel instead.
The Select Parallel Hosts panel is displayed. This is where you choose additional machines to run your processes. Your system administrator should have set up a hosts file containing a list of the machines that are available to run the parallel CFX-5 Solver. The Host Name column displays names of available hosts. The second column shows the number of processors on that machine. The third shows the relative processor speed: a processor on a machine with a relative speed of 1 would typically be twice as fast as a machine with a relative speed of 0.5. The last column displays operating system information. This information is read from the hosts file; if any information is missing or incorrect your system administrator should correct the hosts file.
Note: The # Processors, Rel. Speed and System information does not have to be specified to be able to run on a host. 5. Select the name of another machine in the Host Name list.
Select a machine that you can log into.
6. Click Add.
The name of the machine is added to the Host Name column.
Note: Ensure that the machine that you are currently logged into is in the Hosts Name list in the Define Run dialog box. 7. Close the Select Parallel Hosts window. 8. Enable Show Advanced Controls. 9. Click the Partitioner tab at the top of the panel. 10. Use the default MeTiS partitioner.
Your model will be divided into two sections, with each section running in its own ANSYS CFX-Solver process. The default is the MeTiS partitioner because it produces more efficient partitions than either Recursive Coordinate Bisection or User Specified Direction. Additional information is available. For details, see Parallel Run (p. 20 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager, Release 10.0").
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Tutorial 5: Flow Around a Blunt Body: Obtaining a Solution Using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
The Text Output Area will display information about the partitioning job as below:
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Job Information | +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ Run mode: Host computer: Job started: partitioning run fastmachine1 Wed Nov 28 15:18:40 2005
This tells you that the information following is concerned with the partitioning. After the partitioning job has finished, you will find:
CPU-Time requirements: - Preparations - Low-level mesh partitioning - Global partitioning information - Vertex, element and face partitioning information - Element and face set partitioning information - Summed CPU-time for mesh partitioning 1.460E+00 1.000E-01 3.100E-01 1.600E-01 5.000E-02 2.080E+00 seconds seconds seconds seconds seconds seconds
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Job Information | +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ Host computer: fastmachine1 Job finished: Wed Nov 28 15:19:16 2005 Total CPU time: 1.143E+01 seconds or: ( 0: 0: ( Days: Hours:
0: Minutes:
11.428 ) Seconds )
This marks the end of the partitioning job. The CFX-5 Solver now begins to solve your parallel run:
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Job Information | +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ Run mode: Host computer: Par. Process: Job started: Host computer: Par. Process: Job started: parallel run (PVM) fastmachine1 Master running on mesh partition: Thu Nov 28 15:19:20 2005 slowermachine Slave running on mesh partition: Thu Nov 28 15:24:55 2005
The machine that you are logged into runs the master process, and controls the overall simulation. The second machine selected will run the slave process. If you had more than two processes, each additional process is run as a slave process. The master process in this example is running on the mesh partition number 1 and the slave is running on partition number 2. You can find out which nodes and elements are in each partition by using ANSYS CFX-Post later on in the tutorial.
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2.517 ) Seconds )
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The results from this run of the CFX-5 solver have been written to | | z:\temp\BluntBody_001.res | +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ This run of the CFX-5 Solver has finished.
You may need to scroll up through the output file to view the region shown above. More details on the contents of the Output File is available. For details, see ANSYS CFX Output File (p. 28 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager, Release 10.0"). The ANSYS CFX-Solver displays a pop-up message at the end of the run, with words like:
BluntBody_001 has completed normally. Results are in z:\temp\BluntBody_001.res. Run concluded at: Thu Nov 28 16:44:01 2005
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is helpful to use the full blunt body. ANSYS CFX-Post is able to recreate the full data set from the half that was originally calculated. This is done by creating an Instance Transform object. Manipulating the Geometry You need to manipulate the geometry so that you will be able to see what happens when you use the symmetry plane. The ANSYS CFX-Post features that you have used in earlier tutorials will not be described in detail. New features will be described in detail. 1. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select View Towards +X Creating an Instance Transform .
Instance Transforms are used to visualise a full geometry representation in cases where the simulation took advantage of symmetry to solve for only part of the geometry. There are three types of transforms that you can use: Rotation, Translation, Reflection. In this tutorial, you will create a Reflection transform located on a plane. 1. Click Location > Plane .
2. In the New Plane window, type Reflection Plane. 3. Apply the following settings:
Modify Geometry Set the following Definition > Method Visibility To this value ZX Plane Clear
4. Click Apply.
This creates a Plane in the same location as the symmetry plane defined in ANSYS CFX-Pre. Now the instance transform can be created using this Plane:
5. Select Create > Instance Transform or click Create instancing transformation and accept the default name. 6. Apply the following settings:
Modify Definition Set the following Instancing Info From Domain Apply Rotation Apply Reflection > Plane To this value Clear Clear Reflection Plane
7. Click Apply. Using the Reflection Transform You can use the transform when creating or editing graphics objects. For example, you can modify the Wireframe view to use it as follows: 1. Under the Objects tab, in File Contents > Regions, apply the following settings to Wireframe:
Modify View Set the following Apply Instancing Transform > Transform To this value Instance Transform 1
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Creating Vectors
You are now going to create a vector plot to show velocity vectors behind the blunt body. You need to first create an object to act as a locator, which, in this case, will be a Sampling Plane. Then, create the vector plot itself. Creating the Sampling Plane A sampling plane is a plane with evenly spaced sampling points on it. 1. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select View Towards +Y
This ensures that the changes can be seen.
6. Click Apply.
You can zoom in on the sampling plane to see the location of the sampling points (where lines intersect). There are a total of 400 (20 * 20) sampling points on the plane. A vector can be created at each sampling point.
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1. Select Create > Vector or click Create Vector Plot default name. 2. Apply the following settings:
Modify Geometry Symbol Set the following Definition > Locations Definition > Sampling Symbol Size
3. Click Apply. 4. Zoom until the Vector plot is roughly the same size as the 3D Viewer.
You should be able to see a region of recirculation behind the blunt body.
5. Ignore the vertices on the sampling plane and increase the density of the vectors by applying the following settings:
Modify Geometry Geometry Set the following Definition > Sampling Definition > # of Points To this value Equally Spaced 1000
6. Click Apply. 7. Change the location of the Vector plot by applying the following setting:
Modify Geometry Set the following Definition > Locations To this value SymP
8. Click Apply. Creating a Pressure Plot 1. Under the Objects tab, in File Contents > BluntBody apply the following settings to the boundary condition named Body:
Modify Colour View Set the following Mode Variable Apply Instancing Transform > Transform To this value Variable Pressure Instance Transform 1
3. : 4. Click Apply.
The plane appears just upstream of the blunt body.
6. Select Create > Streamline or click Create streamline 7. Click OK to accept the default name. 8. Apply the following settings:
Modify Geometry Set the following Type Definition > Surfaces Definition > Start From Definition > Locations Definition > Max Points
9. Click Apply.
The surface streamlines appear on the surface of the blunt body. They start near the upstream end because the starting points were formed by projecting nodes from the plane to the blunt body.
One indicator of the closeness of the first node to the wall is the dimensionless wall distance y+. It is good practice to examine the values of y+ at the end of your simulation. At the lower limit, a value of y+ less than or equal to 11 indicates that the first node is within the laminar sublayer of the boundary flow. Values larger than this indicate that an assumed logarithmic shape of the velocity profile is being used to model the boundary layer portion between the wall and the first node. Ideally you should confirm that there are several nodes (3 or more) resolving the boundary layer profile. If this is not observed, it is highly recommended that more nodes be added near the wall surfaces in order to improve simulation accuracy. In this tutorial, a coarse mesh is used to reduce the run time. Thus, the grid is far too coarse to resolve any of the boundary layer profile, and the solution is not highly accurate. Additional related information is available, including the difference between the solution Yplus and Solver Yplus. For details, see Modelling Flow Near the Wall (p. 99 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Theory"). Surface Plot of y+ A surface plot is one which colours a surface according to the values of a variable: in this case, y+. A surface plot of y+ can be obtained as follows: 1. Clear Visibility for all previous plots.
CFX Post File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
Objects + File Contents User Locations and Plots Reflection Plane Sample Starter Streamline 1 Vector 1 + View Control
2. Select Viewer > Perspective to enable a perspective view. 3. Under the Objects tab, in File Contents > BluntBody apply the following settings to BluntBodyDefault:
Modify Colour Set the following Mode Variable View *. Apply Instancing Transform > Transform To this value Variable Yplus* Instance Transform 1
Click the ellipsis icon to the right of the Variable dropdown menu to view a full list of variables, including Yplus.
4. Select Visibility. 5. Click Apply. 6. Under the Objects tab, in File Contents > BluntBody apply the following settings to Body:
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Modify Colour
View *.
Click the ellipsis icon to the right of the Variable dropdown menu to view a full list of variables, including Yplus.
Synopsis
A macro containing CCL and power syntax will be loaded by playing a session file. This macro will be executed by entering a line of power syntax in the Command Editor. The macro tells ANSYS CFX-Post to create slice planes, normal to the X axis, at 20 evenly-spaced locations from the beginning to the end of the BluntBody domain. On each plane, it measures and prints the minimum, maximum, and average values for a specified variable (using Conservative values). The planes are coloured using the specified variable. Note: The ANSYS CFX-Post engine can respond to CCL commands issued directly, or to commands issued using the graphical user interface. The Command Editor can be used to enter any valid CCL command directly. For details, see Command Editor (p. 124 in "ANSYS CFX-Post, Release 10.0").
Procedure
1. Play the session file named BluntBodyDist.cse. 2. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select View Towards -X 3. Select Tools > Command Editor. 4. Type the following line into the Command Editor (the quotation marks and the semi-colon are required):
!BluntBodyDist("Velocity u");
5. Click Process.
The Minimum, Maximum and Average values of the variable at each X location are written to the file BluntBody.txt. The results can be viewed by opening the file in a text editor.
You can also run the macro with a different variable. To view the content of the session file (which contains explanatory comments), open the session file in a text editor. It contains all of the CCL and power syntax commands and will provide a better understanding of how the macro works.
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 132 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: Buoyancy2D.geo Buoyancy2D.pre
Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Buoyant Flow Boundary Conditions
Details General Mode Transient General Fluid Single Domain Laminar Thermal Energy Symmetry Plane Outlet (Subsonic) Wall: No-Slip Wall: Adiabatic Wall: Fixed Temperature
Output Control Timestep Transient Results File CFX-Post Plots Other Default Locators Timestep Selection Transient Animation Transient Example
In this tutorial you will learn about: Using CFX-4 Mesh Import. Setting up a time dependent (transient) simulation. Modelling buoyant flow.
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5C
air
75C
The mesh for the cavity was created in CFX-4 and has been provided.
Modify Definition
*.
Note: Additional information on importing CFX-4 meshes and how to use the options in Advanced is available. For details, see CFX-4 (p. 69 in "ANSYS CFX-Pre, Release 10.0"). 3. Click OK.
Simulation Type
The default units and coordinate frame settings are suitable for this tutorial, but the simulation type needs to be set to transient. You will notice Physics error messages in the Physics Editor as the case is set to Transient. These errors will be fixed in the later part of the tutorial. 1. Select Create > Flow Objects > Simulation Type. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Option Time Duration > Total Time* Time Steps > Timesteps Initial Time > Time *. . To this value Transient 2 [s] 0.1 [s] 0 [s]
This is the total duration, in real time, for the simulation This is the interval from one step, in real time, to the next. The simulation will continue, moving forward in time by 0.1 s, until the total time has been reached
3. Click OK.
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The Full Buoyancy model may be needed if the density were to change significantly. For details, see Buoyancy (p. 23 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
gsin30 30 gcos30 g
y x 30
In addition to modelling buoyant flow, you will model the cavity as if it were tilted at an angle of 30. You can do this by specifying horizontal and vertical components of the gravity vector, which are aligned with the default coordinate axes, as shown in the diagram above. To Create a New Domain 1. Create a new domain named Buoyancy2D. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify General Options Set the following Basic Settings > Fluid Lists Domain Models > Pressure > Reference Pressure Domain Models > Buoyancy > Option Domain Models > Buoyancy > Gravity X Dirn. Domain Models > Buoyancy > Gravity Y Dirn. Domain Models > Buoyancy > Gravity Z Dirn. Domain Models > Buoyancy > Buoy. Ref. Temp. Fluid Models Heat Transfer Model > Option Turbulence Model > Option *. . To this value Air at 25 C 0 [Pa] Buoyant -4.905 [m s^-2] -8.49571 [m s^-2] 0.0 [m s^-2]* 40 [C] Thermal Energy None (Laminar)
This produces a gravity vector which simulates the tilt of the cavity Do not forget to change the units. This is just an approximate representative domain temperature.
Initialisation will be set up using the Global Initialisation Editor, so there is no need to visit the Initialisation tab.
3. Click OK.
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3. Click OK. 4. Create a new boundary condition named cold. 5. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Heat Transfer > Option Heat Transfer > Fixed Temperature To this value Wall WALLCOLD Temperature 5 [C]
6. Click OK. Symmetry Plane A single symmetry plane boundary condition can be used for the front and back of the Boundary cavity. 1. Create a new boundary condition named SymP. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location *. To this value Symmetry SYMMET1 and SYMMETT2*
3. Click OK.
The default adiabatic wall boundary condition will automatically be applied to the remaining boundaries.
Set the following Cartesian Velocity Components > U Cartesian Velocity Components > V Cartesian Velocity Components > W Static Pressure > Relative Pressure Initial Conditions > Temperature > Temperature
3. Click OK.
5. Click OK.
An RMS value of at least 1.E-5 is usually required for adequate convergence, but the default value of 1.E-4 is sufficient for demonstration purposes. For details, see Judging Convergence (p. 341 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
3. Click OK.
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Tutorial 6: Buoyant Flow in a Partitioned Cavity: Obtaining a Solution using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
3. Click OK. 4. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
5. When Start ANSYS CFX-Post appears, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
Use the animation feature to generate plots showing the transient rise in temperature and the motion of the fluid due to heating from the bottom surface. The animation feature was used in Tutorial 4: Flow from a Circular Vent (p. 93 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). When you have finished, quit ANSYS CFX-Post.
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 141 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: Bump2D.pre Bump2DExpressions.ccl Bump2Dpatran.out
Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Features explored in this tutorial
Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Buoyant Flow Multiphase Boundary Conditions
Details General Mode Steady State General Fluid Single Domain k-Epsilon None
Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Subsonic) Symmetry Plane Wall: No-Slip Wall: Free-Slip
CEL (CFX Expression Language) Mesh Adaption Timestep CFX-Post Plots Physical Timescale Default Locators Isosurface Polyline Sampling Plane Vector Volume Other Chart Creation Title/Text Viewing the Mesh
In this tutorial you will learn about: Mesh import in PATRAN Neutral format. Setting up a 2D problem. Setting up appropriate boundary conditions for a free surface simulation. (Free Surface simulations are more sensitive to incorrect boundary and initial guess settings than other more basic models.) Mesh adaption to refine the mesh where the volume fraction gradient is greatest. (This aids in the development of a sharp interface between the liquid and gas.)
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Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Before beginning this tutorial
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Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Modify Definition
*.
3. Click OK. 4. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select View Towards -Z Viewing the Region Labels 1. Click Label and Marker Visibility 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Label Options Set the following Show Labels Show Labels > Show Primitive3D Labels Show Labels > Show Primitive2D Labels To this value Select Select Select
3. Click OK.
Either create expressions using the Expression Editor or import expressions from a file. Creating Expressions
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Creating Expressions (p. 142 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Reading Expressions From a File (p. 143 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
1. Select Create > Library Object > Expression. 2. Create a new expression named UpH.
ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials
Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
3. Set Definition to 0.069 [m], and then click Apply. 4. Use the same method to create the expressions listed in the table below. These are expressions for the downstream free surface height, the density of the fluid, the upstream volume fractions of air and water, the upstream pressure distribution, the downstream volume fractions of air and water, and the downstream pressure distribution.
Set the following DownH DenH UpVFAir UpVFWater UpPres DownVFAir DownVFWater DownPres To this value 0.022 [m] 998 [kg m^-3] step((y-UpH)/1[m]) 1-UpVFAir DenH*g*UpVFWater*(UpH-y) step((y-DownH)/1[m]) 1-DownVFAir DenH*g*DownVFWater*(DownH-y)
5. Proceed to Creating the Domain (p. 143 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). Reading Expressions From a File 1. Copy the file Bump2DExpressions.ccl to your working directory from the ANSYS CFX examples directory. 2. Select File > Import CCL. 3. When Import CCL appears, ensure that Append is selected.
For details, see Append or Replace (p. 34 in "ANSYS CFX-Pre, Release 10.0").
4. Select Bump2DExpressions.ccl. 5. Click Open. 6. After the file has been imported, use the Expression Editor to view the expressions that have been created.
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Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Set the following Basic Settings > Fluids List Domain Models > Pressure > Reference Pressure Domain Models > Buoyancy > Option Domain Models > Buoyancy > Gravity X Dirn. Domain Models > Buoyancy > Gravity Y Dirn. Domain Models > Buoyancy > Gravity Z Dirn. Domain Models > Buoyancy > Buoyancy Reference Density Domain Models > Buoyancy > Ref Location
To this value Air at 25 C, Water 0 [Pa] Buoyant 0 [m s^-2] -g* 0 [m s^-2] 1.185 [kg m^-3] Automatic Select Standard
Fluid Models
Multiphase Options > Homogeneous Model Free Surface Model > Option
*. .
You need to click the Enter Expression icon beside the field first. Always set Buoyancy Reference Density to the density of the least dense fluid in free surface calculations. For details, see Buoyancy (p. 23 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling"). The homogeneous model solves for a single solution field. This is only appropriate in some simulations. For details, see Free Surface Flow (p. 169 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Theory").
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK. Outlet Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named outflow. 2. Apply the following settings
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Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Set the following Boundary Type Location Flow Regime> Option Mass and Momentum > Option Mass and Momentum > Relative Pressure
3. Click OK. Symmetry Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named front. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location To this value Symmetry FRONT
3. Click OK. 4. Create a new boundary condition named back. 5. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location To this value Symmetry BACK
6. Click OK. Wall Boundary Using a wall boundary condition for the top of the domain helps to constrain the flow and improve convergence. As the water level drops downstream of the bump, air tries to flow in through the outlet to maintain conservation of mass. An outlet type boundary condition does not allow fluid to flow into the domain, so the ANSYS CFX-Solver erects a temporary Wall on the affected faces to prevent inflow through the outlet during the solver run. This does not influence the flow of water, but changes the air flow above the water. If you want to model the air flow above the water, then you could use different boundary conditions for the TOP or OUTFLOW boundaries. An opening boundary condition for region TOP lets air flow into the domain when the water level drops. An opening for region OUTFLOW prevents temporary walls and lets air flow in through this boundary. When both the TOP and OUTFLOW regions are openings, the true air flow field is modelled, but this is the least robust option. 1. Create a new boundary condition named top. 2. Apply the following settings
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Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Set the following Boundary Type Location Wall Influence on Flow > Option
3. Click OK. 4. Create a new boundary condition named bottom. 5. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Wall Influence on Flow > Option Wall Roughness > Option To this value Wall BOTTOM1, BOTTOM2, BOTTOM3 No Slip Smooth Wall
6. Click OK.
Air at 25 C > Initial Conditions > Volume Fraction > Automatic with Value Option Air at 25 C > Initial Conditions > Volume Fraction > UpVFAir Volume Fraction Fluid Settings Fluid Specific Initialisation > Water Fluid Specific Initialisation > Water > Initial Conditions > Volume Fraction > Option Fluid Specific Initialisation > Water > Initial Conditions > Volume Fraction > Volume Fraction Select Automatic with Value UpVFWater
3. Click OK.
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Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
For details, see Max. Num. Steps (p. 204 in "ANSYS CFX-Pre, Release 10.0"). For details, see Option (p. 204 in "ANSYS CFX-Pre, Release 10.0"). For details, see Advanced Mesh Adaption Parameters (p. 206 in "ANSYS CFX-Pre, Release 10.0").
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK.
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Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Obtaining a Solution using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
Set the following Filename Operation Quit CFXPre* *. If using ANSYS CFX-Pre in Standalone Mode.
3. Click OK. 4. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
The reason for these messages is the choice of boundary conditions for the OUTFLOW and TOP regions, as discussed in the section Creating the Boundary Conditions (p. 144 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). You can eliminate these messages by using an Opening boundary. After 70 iterations, the first adaption step will be performed. Information will be written to the OUT file, containing the number of elements refined and the size of the new mesh. After mesh refinement, there will be a jump in the residual levels. This is because the solution from the old mesh is interpolated on to the new mesh. A new residual plot will also appear for the W-Mom-Bulk equation. Hexahedral mesh elements are refined orthogonally, so the mesh is no longer 2D (it is more than 1 element thick in the z-direction).
Convergence to the target residual level has been achieved. It is common for convergence in a residual sense to be difficult to obtain in a free surface simulation. This is due to the presence of small waves at the surface preventing the residuals from dropping to the target
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Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Viewing the Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
level. This is more frequently a problem in the subcritical flow regime, as the waves can travel upstream. In the supercritical regime, the waves tend to get carried downstream and out the domain. To satisfy convergence in these cases, monitor the value of a global quantity, (for example, drag for flow around a ships hull) to see when a steady state value is reached. Where there is no obvious global quantity to monitor, you should view the results to see where the solution is changing. You can do this by running transient for a few timesteps, starting from a results file that you think is converged, or by writing some backup results files at different timesteps. In both cases look to see where the results are changing (this could be due to the presence of small transient waves). Also confirm that the value of quantities that you are interested in (for example, downstream fluid height for this case) has reached a steady state value. 1. Click Start Run. 2. Click OK, to acknowledge the completion message. 3. Close ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager. 4. Click Post-Process Results .
5. When Start ANSYS CFX-Post appears, turn on Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
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Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Viewing the Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
Modify Geometry
Set the following Definition > Method Plane Bounds > Type Plane Bounds > X Size Plane Bounds > Y Size Plane Bounds > X Angle Plane Type X Samples Y Samples
To this value XY Plane Rectangular 1.25 [m] 0.3 [m] 0 [degree] Sample 160 40 Clear Select
Render
3. Click Apply. 4. Clear Visibility. 5. Click Apply. 6. Create a new vector plot named Vector 1. 7. Apply the following settings
Modify Geometry Set the following Definition > Locations Definition > Variable Symbol *. Symbol Size To this value Plane 1 Water.Velocity* 0.5
Since fluids in a free-surface calculation share the same velocity field, only the velocity of the first non-vapour fluid is available. The other allowed velocities are superficial velocities. For details, see Further Post-processing (p. 154 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials").
8. Click Apply.
During the solution stage, you received warning messages about a wall placed at portions of the outlet. As the water level drops, the volume of air above the water must increase, so air tries to flow in through the outlet to maintain conservation of mass. To prevent inflow through an outlet, a wall is placed at portions of the outlet. This results in a clear recirculation zone of air near the outlet, as will be seen in the next vector plot.
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Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Viewing the Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
5. Click Apply. The mesh has been refined near the free surface. In the transition region between different levels of refinement, tetrahedral and pyramidal elements are used since it is not possible to recreate hexahedral elements in ANSYS CFX. Near the inlet, the aspect ratio of these elements increases. Avoid performing mesh refinement on high-aspect-ratio hex meshes, as this will produce high aspect ratio tetrahedral-elements, resulting in poor mesh quality.
Mesh around the bump
Figure 1
6. Create a new volume named first refinement elements. 7. Apply the following settings
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Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Viewing the Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
Modify Geometry
Set the following Definition > Method Definition > Variable Definition > Mode Definition > Value
To this value Isovolume Refinement Level At Value 1 Clear Select 2 User Specified Green
Render
Draw Faces Draw Lines Draw Lines > Line Width Draw Lines > Colour Mode Draw Lines > Line Colour
8. Click Apply.
You will see a band of green which indicates the elements that include nodes added during the first mesh adaption.
9. Create a new volume named second refinement elements. 10. Apply the following settings
Modify Geometry Set the following Definition > Method Definition > Variable Definition >Mode Definition > Value Colour Render Colour Draw Faces Draw Lines Draw Lines > Line Width Draw Lines > Colour Mode Draw Lines > Line Colour To this value Isovolume Refinement Level At Value 2 White Select Select 4 User Specified Black
13. Create a new vector named Vector 2. 14. Apply the following settings
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Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Viewing the Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
Modify Geometry
To this value Bump2D Select Any* Variable Refinement Level Cube 0.02 Select
Colour Symbol
*.
The variables magnitude and direction do not matter since we will change the vector symbol to a cube with a normalised size.
15. Click Apply. Blue nodes (Refinement Level 0 according to the colour legend) are part of the original mesh. Green nodes (Refinement Level 1) were added during the first adaption step. Red nodes (Refinement Level 2) were added during the second adaption step. Note that some elements contain combinations of blue, green, and red nodes. Note: Additional information on how the volume objects were created, taking into account that some elements involved more than one refinement level via their constituent nodes, is available. For details, see Volume (p. 64 in "ANSYS CFX-Post, Release 10.0").
Creating a Chart
Next, you will create a Chart to show how the height of the free surface varies along the length of the channel. To do this, you will need a Polyline which follows the free surface. You can create the Polyline from the intersecting line between one of the Symmetry planes and an Isosurface which shows the free surface. First you must create the Isosurface. 1. Clear Visibility for all of the objects except Wireframe. 2. Create a new isosurface named Isosurface 1. 3. Apply the following settings
Modify Geometry Set the following Definition > Variable Definition > Value To this value Water.Volume Fraction 0.5
4. Click Apply. 5. From the Viewing Tools toolbar, select Isometric View (Y Up) .
Creating Isosurfaces using this method is a good way to visualise a free surface in a 3D simulation.
These steps explain creating a Polyline which follows the free surface: 1. Clear Visibility for Isosurface 1. 2. Create a new polyline named Polyline 1. 3. Apply the following settings
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Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Viewing the Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
Modify Geometry
4. Click Apply.
A green line is displayed that follows the high-Z edge of the Isosurface.
Creating a Chart 1. Create a new chart named Chart 1. to Show the The Chart Viewer tab is selected. Height of the 2. Apply the following settings Surface
Modify Chart Line 1 Set the following Line Name Location X Axis > Variable Y Axis > Variable Appearance > Symbols Chart Title To this value free surface height Polyline 1 X Y Rectangle Free Surface Height for Flow over a Bump
3. Click Apply. As discussed in Creating Expressions for Initial and Boundary Conditions (p. 142 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"), an approximate outlet elevation is imposed as part of the boundary condition, even though the flow is supercritical. The chart illustrates the effect of this, in that the water level rises just before the exit plane. It is evident from this plot that imposing the elevation does not affect the upstream flow. The chart shows a wiggle in the elevation of the free surface interface at the inlet. This is related to an overspecification of conditions at the inlet, since both the inlet velocity and elevation were specified. For a subcritical inlet, only the velocity or the total energy should be specified. The wiggle is due to a small inconsistency between the specified elevation and the elevation computed by the solver to obtain critical conditions at the bump. The wiggle is analogous to one found if pressure and velocity were both specified at a subsonic inlet, in a converging-diverging nozzle with choked flow at the throat.
Further Post-processing
You may wish to create some plots using the <Fluid>.Superficial Velocity variables. This is the fluid volume fraction multiplied by the fluid velocity and is sometimes called the volume flux. It is useful to use this variable for vector plots in separated multiphase flow, as you will only see a vector where a significant amount of that phase exists.
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Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Using a Supercritical Outlet Condition
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Tutorial 7: Free Surface Flow Over a Bump: Using a Supercritical Outlet Condition
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 158 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: WingSPS.pre WingSPSMesh.out
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Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Boundary Conditions
Details Quick Setup Wizard Steady State Ideal Gas Single Domain Shear Stress Transport Total Energy Inlet (Supersonic) Outlet (Supersonic) Symmetry Plane Wall: No-Slip Wall: Adiabatic Wall: Free-Slip
Fluid-Fluid (No Frame Change) Auto Timescale Contour Default Locators Vector
Other
Variable Editor
In this tutorial you will learn about: Setting up a supersonic flow simulation. Using the Shear Stress Transport turbulence model to accurately resolve flow around the wing surface. Defining custom vector variables for use in visualising pressure distribution.
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1.25 [m]
outlet 30 [m]
wing surface
70 [m]
3. Click OK.
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Fluid Models
When using an Ideal Gas, it is important to set an appropriate reference pressure since some properties depend on the absolute pressure level. For details, see Setting a Reference Pressure (p. 22 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling"). The Total Energy model is appropriate for high speed flows since it includes kinetic energy effects.
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK. Outlet Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named Outlet. 2. Apply the following settings
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Set the following Boundary Type Location Flow Regime > Option
3. Click OK. Symmetry Plane 1. Create a new boundary condition named SymP1. Boundary 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location To this value Symmetry SIDE1
3. Click OK. 4. Create a new boundary condition named SymP2. 5. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location To this value Symmetry SIDE2
6. Click OK. 7. Create a new boundary condition named Bottom. 8. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location To this value Symmetry BOTTOM
9. Click OK. Free Slip Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named Top. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Wall Influence on Flow > Option To this value Wall TOP Free Slip
3. Click OK. Wall Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named WingSurface. 2. Apply the following settings
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3. Click OK.
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK.
Tutorial 8: Supersonic Flow Over a Wing: Obtaining a Solution using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
70 [m] / 600 [m s^-1] = 0.117 [s] In the next step, you will start with a conservative timescale that gradually increases towards the fluid residence time as the residuals decrease. A user specified maximum timescale can be combined with an Auto Timescale in ANSYS CFX-Pre. 1. Click Solver Control .
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK. 4. Once ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager launches, return to ANSYS CFX-Pre.
The Information dialog box is displayed. This displays information related to the summary of interface connections.
5. In ANSYS CFX-Pre, click OK. 6. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
2. Click OK, to acknowledge the completion message. 3. Close ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager. 4. Click Post-Process Results .
5. When Start ANSYS CFX-Post appears, turn on Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
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Modify Geometry
3. Click Apply. 4. Create a new vector named Vector 1. 5. Apply the following settings
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6. Click Apply.
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 169 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: PipeValve.pre PipeValve_inlet.F PipeValveMesh.gtm PipeValveUserF.pre
Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Particle Tracking Boundary Conditions
Details General Mode Steady State General Fluid Single Domain k-Epsilon None Inlet (Profile) Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Subsonic) Symmetry Plane Wall: No-Slip Wall: Rough
CEL (CFX Expression Language) User Fortran Timestep CFX-Solver Manager CFX-Post Power-Syntax Plots Animation Default Locators Particle Track Point Slice Plane Other Changing the Colour Range MPEG Generation Particle Track Animation Quantitative Calculation Symmetry Auto Timescale
In this tutorial you will learn about: using a rough wall boundary condition in ANSYS CFX-Pre to simulate the pipe wall creating a fully developed inlet velocity profile using either the CFX Expression Language or a User CEL Function setting up a Particle Tracking simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre to trace sand particles animating particle tracks in ANSYS CFX-Post to trace sand particles through the domain quantitative calculation of average static pressure in ANSYS CFX-Post on the outlet boundary
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r = 20 mm
Valve Plate
Flows can also contain particulates that affect the flow and cause erosion to pipe and valve components. The particle tracking capability of ANSYS CFX can be used to simulate these effects.
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In this example, water flows through a 20 mm radius pipe with a rough internal surface. The equivalent sand grain roughness is 0.2 mm. The flow is controlled by a butterfly valve, which is set at an angle of 55 to the vertical axis. The velocity profile is assumed to be fully developed at the pipe inlet. The flow contains sand particles ranging in size from 50 to 500 microns.
3. Click OK.
When you create the domain, choose either full coupling or one-way coupling between the particle and continuous phase. Full coupling is needed to predict the effect of the particles on the continuous phase flow field but has a higher CPU cost than one-way coupling. One-way coupling simply predicts the particle paths during post-processing based on the flow field, but without affecting the flow field. To optimise CPU usage, you can create two sets of identical particles. The first set will be fully coupled and between 100 and 1000 particles will be used. This allows the particles to influence the flow field. The second set will use one-way coupling but a much higher number of particles will be used. This provides a more accurate calculation of the particle volume fraction and local forces on walls. 1. Select the Materials tab.
CFX Pre File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
Materials
2. Create a new material named Sand Fully Coupled. 3. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Material Properties Set the following Material Group Thermodynamic State Equation of State > Density Specific Heat Capacity > Specific Heat Capacity *. To this value Particle Solids Select 2300 [kg m^-3] 0 [J kg^-1 K^-1]*
This value is only entered as a value is required. The heat capacity is not used in this tutorial.
4. Click OK. 5. In the Material Selector, under Particle Solids, select Sand Fully Coupled. 6. Click Duplicate Selected Object 8. Click OK.
Sand One Way Coupled is created with properties identical to Sand Fully Coupled.
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Set the following Basic Settings > Location Basic Settings > Fluids List Basic Settings > Particle Tracking
Basic Settings > Particle Tracking > Particles List Sand Fully Coupled, Sand One Way Coupled Domain Models > Pressure > Reference Pressure 0 [atm] Fluid Models Heat Transfer Model > Option Turbulence Model > Option Fluid Details Fluid Details Sand Fully Coupled > Morphology > Option Sand Fully Coupled > Morphology > Particle Diameter Distribution Sand Fully Coupled > Morphology > Particle Diameter Distribution > Option Sand Fully Coupled > Morphology > Particle Diameter Distribution > Minimum Diameter Sand Fully Coupled > Morphology > Particle Diameter Distribution > Maximum Diameter Sand Fully Coupled > Morphology > Particle Diameter Distribution > Mean Diameter Sand Fully Coupled > Morphology > Particle Diameter Distribution > Std. Deviation *. None k-Epsilon* Sand Fully Coupled Solid Particles Select Normal in Diameter by Mass 50e-6 [m] 500e-6 [m] 250e-6 [m]** 70e-6 [m]
The turbulence model only applies to the continuous phase and not the particle phases. . Click on this option to display its properties. . 50 microns **. 500 microns
Sand One Way Coupled > Morphology > Option Solid Particles Sand One Way Coupled > Morphology > Particle Select Diameter Distribution Sand One Way Coupled > Morphology > Particle Normal in Diameter by Diameter Distribution > Option Mass Sand One Way Coupled > Morphology > Particle 5e-5 [m] Diameter Distribution > Minimum Diameter Sand One Way Coupled > Morphology > Particle 500e-6 [m] Diameter Distribution > Maximum Diameter Sand One Way Coupled > Morphology > Particle 250e-6 [m] Diameter Distribution > Mean Diameter Sand One Way Coupled > Morphology > Particle 7e-5 [m] Diameter Distribution > Std. Deviation
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Tutorial 9: Flow Through a Butterfly Valve: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre Fluid Details Fluid Pairs Fluid Details Water > Morphology > Option Fluid Pairs > Water | Sand Fully Coupled Fluid Pairs > Water | Sand Fully Coupled > Particle Coupling Fluid Pairs > Water | Sand Fully Coupled > Momentum Transfer > Drag Force > Option Fluid Pairs Fluid Pairs > Water | Sand One Way Coupled Fluid Pairs > Water | Sand One Way Coupled > Particle Coupling Fluid Pairs > Water | Sand One Way Coupled > Momentum Transfer > Drag Force > Option *. Water Continuous Fluid Select Fully Coupled Schiller Naumann* Select One-way Coupling Schiller Naumann
For details, see Sparsely Distributed Solid Particles: Schiller Naumann Drag Model (p. 159 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
4. Click OK.
(Eqn. 1)
where Wmax is the pipe centreline velocity, Rmax is the pipe radius, and r is the distance from the pipe centreline. A non uniform (profile) boundary condition can be created by: Creating an Expression using CEL that describes the inlet profile.
OR
Creating a User CEL Function which uses a user subroutine (linked to the ANSYS CFX-Solver during execution) to describe the inlet profile.
OR
Profiles created from data files are not used in this tutorial, but are used in the tutorial Tutorial 3: Flow in a Process Injection Mixing Pipe (p. 75 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). For details, see Profile Boundary Conditions (p. 80 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
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In this tutorial, you use one of the first two methods listed above to define the velocity profile for the inlet boundary condition. The results from each method will be identical. Using a CEL expression is the easiest way to create the profile. The User CEL Function method is more complex but is provided as an example of how to use this feature. For more complex profiles, it may be necessary to use a User CEL Function or a BC profile file. To use the User CEL Function method, continue with this tutorial from User CEL Function Method for the Inlet Velocity Profile (p. 174 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). Note that you will need access to a FORTRAN compiler to be able to complete the tutorial by the User CEL Function method. To use the Expression method, continue with the tutorial from this point. Expression Method for the Inlet Velocity Profile 1. Click the Expressions tab.
CFX Pre File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
Expressions
In the definition of Wprof, the variable r (radius) is a ANSYS CFX System Variable defined as: 2 2
r =
x +y
(Eqn. 2)
In this equation, x and y are defined as Directions 1 and 2 (X and Y for Cartesian Coordinate Frames) respectively, in the selected Reference Coordinate Frame. For details, see Coordinate Frames (p. 34 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
You should now continue with the tutorial from Creating the Boundary Conditions (p. 177 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). User CEL Function Method for the Inlet Velocity Profile The FORTRAN subroutine has already been written for this tutorial. Compiling the Subroutine 1. Copy the subroutine PipeValve_inlet.F to your working directory. It is located in the <CFXROOT>/examples/ directory. 2. Examine the contents of this file in any text editor to gain a better understanding of this subroutine.
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Important: To use the cfx5mkext command make sure that the FORTRAN compiler is in your path. A list of commands that should execute the compiler on each platform is available. For details, see Default FORTRAN Compilers (p. 397 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling"). 3. From the Main menu, select Tools > Command Editor. 4. Type the following in the Command Editor (make sure you do not miss the semi-colon at the end of the line):
! system ("cfx5mkext PipeValve_inlet.F") == 0 or die;
The ! indicates that the following line is to be interpreted as power syntax and not CCL. Everything after the ! symbol is processed as Perl commands. system is a Perl function to execute a system command. The == 0 or die will cause an error message to be returned if, for some reason, there is an error in processing the command.
Note: You can use the -double option (i.e. cfx5mkext -double PipeValve_inlet.F) to compile the subroutine for use with double precision.
A subdirectory will have been created in your working directory whose name is system dependent (e.g. on IRIX it is named irix). This sub directory contains the shared object library.
Note: If you are running problems in parallel over multiple platforms then you will need to create these subdirectories using the cfx5mkext command for each different platform. You can view more details about the cfx5mkext command by running
cfx5mkext -help
You can set a Library Name and Library Path using the -name and -dest options respectively. If these are not specified, the default Library Name is that of your FORTRAN file and the default Library Path is your current working directory.
6. Close the Command Editor. Creating the Input Arguments Next, you will create some values that will be used as input arguments when the subroutine is called. 1. Click Expression .
2. Right-click in the Expression Selector, and then select New. 3. Set Name to Wmax, and then click OK. 4. Type 5 [m s^-1] into the Definition box, and then click Apply.
The expression will be listed in the Expression Selector.
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5. Use the same method to create an expression named Rmax defined to be 20 [mm]. Creating the User CEL Function Two steps are required to define a User CEL Function that uses the compiled FORTRAN subroutine. First, a User Routine that points to the FORTRAN subroutine will be created. Then a User CEL Function that points to the User Routine will be created. 1. From the Main toolbar, click User Routine 2. Set Name to Wprof, and then click OK.
User Routine appears.
3. Set Option to User CEL Function. 4. Set Calling Name to inlet_velocity. This is the name of the subroutine within the FORTRAN file. Always use lower case letters for the Calling Name, even if the subroutine name in the FORTRAN file is in upper case. This is the name passed to the cfx5mkext command by the -name option. If the -name option is not specified, a default is used. The default is the FORTRAN file name without the .F extension.
6. Set Library Path to the directory where the cfx5mkext command was executed (usually the current working directory). For example: UNIX: /home/user/cfx/tutorials/PipeValve. Windows: c:\user\cfx\tutorials\PipeValve.
This can be accomplished quickly by clicking Browse
(next to Library Path), browsing to the appropriate folder in Select Directory (not necessary if selecting the working directory), and clicking OK (in Select Directory).
7. Click OK to complete the definition of the User Routine. 8. Click User Function
Function appears.
9. Set Name to Wprof, and then click OK. 10. Set Option to User Function. 11. Set User Routine Name to Wprof.
Here, the same name was used for the function and the routine. This is not a requirement, which is why the User Routine Name field (that you just set) is provided.
12. Set Argument Units to [m s^-1, m, m]. These are the units for the three input arguments: Wmax, r, and Rmax. Set Result Units to [m s^-1], since the result will be a velocity for the inlet. 1. Click OK to complete the User Function specification.
You can now use the User Function (Wprof) in place of a velocity value by entering the expression Wprof(Wmax, r, Rmax) (although it only makes sense for the W component of the inlet velocity in this tutorial).
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r =
x +y
(Eqn. 3)
In this equation, x and y are defined as Directions 1 and 2 (X and Y for Cartesian Coordinate Frames) respectively, in the selected Reference Coordinate Frame. For details, see Coordinate Frames (p. 34 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
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Tutorial 9: Flow Through a Butterfly Valve: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre Modify Fluid Values Set the following Boundary Conditions Sand One Way Coupled > Particle Behaviour > Define Particle Behaviour Sand One Way Coupled > Mass and Momentum > Option To this value Sand One Way Coupled Select Cart. Vel. Components
Sand One Way Coupled > Mass And Momentum > 0 [m s^-1] U Sand One Way Coupled > Mass And Momentum > 0 [m s^-1] V Sand One Way Coupled > Mass And Momentum > Wprof -ORW Wprof(Wmax, r, Rmax)*** Sand One Way Coupled > Particle Position > Option Sand One Way Coupled > Particle Position > Number of Positions > Option Sand One Way Coupled > Particle Position > Number of Positions > Number Sand One Way Coupled > Particle Position > Particle Mass Flow Rate > Mass Flow Rate *. Uniform Injection Direct Specification 5000 0.01 [kg s^-1]
If the pipe was not aligned with an existing coordinate frame, then you would have to define a new coordinate system to apply the inlet velocity profile correctly. In this case, the pipe is already aligned with the default coordinate system, Coord 0. Leaving Coord Frame clear is equivalent to selecting Coord Frame and setting Coord Frame to Coord 0. Use the Expression Editor to enter Wprof if using the Expression method; enter Wprof(Wmax, r, Rmax) is using the User CEL Function method. Do NOT turn on Particle Diameter Distribution. The diameter distribution was defined when creating the domain; this option would override those settings for this boundary only. Instead of manually specifying the same velocity profile as the fluid, you can also select the Zero Slip Velocity option. as you did on the Boundary Details tab Instead of manually specifying the same velocity profile as the fluid, you can also select the Zero Slip Velocity option. as you did on the Boundary Details tab
. .
**. . . ***.
3. Click OK. One-way coupled particles are tracked as a function of the fluid flow field. The latter is not influenced by the one-way coupled particles. The fluid flow will therefore be influenced by the 0.01 [kg s^-1] flow of two-way coupled particles, but not by the 0.01 [kg s^-1] flow of one-way coupled particles. Outlet Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named outlet. 2. Apply the following settings
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Set the following Boundary Type Location Flow Regime > Option Mass and Momentum > Option Mass and Momentum > Relative Pressure
3. Click OK. Symmetry Plane 1. Create a new boundary condition named SymP. Boundary 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location To this value Symmetry symP
3. Click OK. Pipe Wall Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named pipe wall. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Fluid Values Set the following Boundary Type Location Wall Roughness > Option Roughness Height Boundary Conditions To this value Wall pipe wall Rough Wall 0.2 [mm]* Sand Fully Coupled
Boundary Conditions > Sand Fully Coupled > Velocity > Restitution Coefficient Option Boundary Conditions > Sand Fully Coupled > Velocity > 0.8 Perpendicular Coeff. Boundary Conditions > Sand Fully Coupled > Velocity > 1 Parallel Coeff.
Fluid Values
Boundary Conditions Boundary Conditions > Sand One Way Coupled > Velocity > Option Boundary Conditions > Sand One Way Coupled > Velocity > Perpendicular Coeff. Boundary Conditions > Sand One Way Coupled > Velocity > Parallel Coeff.
*.
Make sure that you change the units to millimetres. The thickness of the first element should be of the same order as the roughness height. For details, see Wall Roughness (p. 75 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
3. Click OK.
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1. Edit the boundary condition named PipeValve Default. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Fluid Values Set the following Boundary Conditions > Sand Fully Coupled > Velocity > Perpendicular Coeff. To this value 0.9
Boundary Conditions > Sand One Way Coupled > Velocity > 0.9 Perpendicular Coeff.
3. Click OK.
Cartesian Velocity Components > Option > W Wprof -ORWprof(Wmax, r, Rmax)* Turbulence Eddy Dissipation *. Use Enter Expression Select
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK.
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Tutorial 9: Flow Through a Butterfly Valve: Obtaining a Solution using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
3. Click OK. 4. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
5. When Start ANSYS CFX-Post appears, turn on Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
Modify Colour
To this value Variable Sand One Way Coupled.Wall Stress* User Specified 0 [Pa] 50 [Pa]
*. .
This is statistically better than the Sand Fully Coupled.Wall Stress variable since many more particles were calculated for Sand One Way Coupled. This range is used to gain a better resolution of the wall shear stress values around the edge of the valve surfaces.
Particle Tracks
Default particle track objects are created at the start of the session. One particle track is created for each set of particles in the simulation. You are going to make use of the default object for Sand Fully Coupled. The default object draws 10 tracks as lines from the inlet to outlet. Info shows information about the total number of tracks, index range and the track numbers which are drawn. 1. Edit the object named Res PT for Sand Fully Coupled. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Geometry Set the following Max Tracks To this value 20
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Modify Colour
To this value Variable Sand One Way Coupled.Wall Stress User Specified 0 [Pa] 10 [Pa]
Symbols will only appear at the beginning of the particle tracks. This will form the first Keyframe of the animation. You will change this value to create the final Keyframe. This has no effect until the Max Time value is changed. It is set now so that it will have the same value in the first Keyframe as it will for the second Keyframe.
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3. Return to the Symbol panel for the Particle Track object in the Object Editor. Change the following settings: 4. Max Time to 0.065 [s].
This is high enough to allow most of the particles to pass completely though the domain.
6. Click Apply to update the Particle Track. 7. In the Animation Editor, click New to create a second Keyframe.
8. Highlight KeyframeNo1 and increase the # of Frames to 90. 9. Click To Beginning to set the animation to the first frame.
10. Click the down arrow in the lower-right corner of the Animation Editor to access more animation options. 11. Select Save MPEG. 12. Click Browse and enter tracks.mpg as the file name. .
Note: You should use Conservative variable values when performing calculations and Hybrid values for visualisation purposes. Conservative values are set by default in ANSYS CFX-Post but you can manually change the setting for each variable in the Variables Workspace, or the settings for all variables by using the Function Calculator. For details, see Hybrid and Conservative Variable Values (p. 30 in "ANSYS CFX-Post, Release 10.0"). 2. Set Function to maxVal. 3. Set Location to outlet. 4. Set Variable to Pressure. 5. Click Calculate.
The result is the maximum value of pressure at the outlet.
6. Perform the calculation again using minVal to obtain the minimum pressure at the outlet. 7. Select areaAve, and then click Calculate. This calculates the area weighted average of Pressure. The average pressure is approximately zero, as specified by the boundary condition.
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Other Features
The geometry was created using a symmetry plane. You can display the other half of the geometry by creating a YZ Plane at X = 0 and then editing the Default Transform object to use this plane as a Reflection plane. 1. When you have finished viewing the results, quit ANSYS CFX-Post.
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 188 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: CatConv.pre CatConvHousing.hex CatConvMesh.gtm
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Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Subdomains Boundary Conditions
Details General Mode Steady State Ideal Gas k-Epsilon Isothermal Resistance Source Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Subsonic) Wall: No-Slip
Fluid-Fluid (No Frame Change) Physical Timescale Contour Default Locators Outline Plot (Wireframe) Polyline Slice Plane Vector
Other
In this tutorial you will learn about: Using multiple meshes in ANSYS CFX-Pre. Joining meshes together using static fluid-fluid domain interfaces between the inlet/outlet flanges and the central catalyst body. Applying a source of resistance using a directional loss model. Creating a chart to show pressure drop through the domain in ANSYS CFX-Post. Exporting data from a line locator to a file.
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Tutorial 3: Flow in a Process Injection Mixing Pipe (p. 75 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
flange
20 cm
In this tutorial, a catalytic converter is modelled without chemical reactions in order to determine the pressure drop. The inlet flange (joining the pipe to the catalyst) is designed to distribute exhaust gas evenly across the catalyst material. A hexahedral mesh for the housing, which was created in ICEM-Hexa, is provided. The different meshes are connected together in ANSYS CFX-Pre. You will import each mesh then create a domain, which spans all of them. Within the converter, a subdomain is added to model a honeycomb structure using a directional loss model. Physics is then specified in the same way as for other tutorials.
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Next you will import a generic inlet/outlet section and the catalyst housing from provided files. Housing Section The second mesh that you will import is the hexahedral mesh for the catalyst housing, created in ICEM-Hexa, named CatConvHousing.hex. This mesh was created using units of centimetres; however, the units are not stored with the mesh file for this type of mesh. You must set the mesh import units to cm when importing the mesh into ANSYS CFX-Pre so that the mesh remains the intended size. The imported mesh has a width in the x-direction of 21 cm and a length in the z-direction of 20 cm. 1. Click Import Mesh .
3. Click Apply. Pipe and Flange Section This mesh was created in units of centimetres. When importing GTM files, ANSYS CFX-Pre uses the units used in the mesh file. 1. Click Import Mesh .
3. Click OK.
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Applying a Transform
The pipe and flange are located at the outlet end of the housing. You will be copying and rotating the flange through 180 degrees in the next step to create the inlet side pipe and flange. The rotation is about an axis that points in the y-direction and is located at the centre of the housing. 1. Select Assembly 2. 2. Click Transform Mesh Assembly 3. Apply the following settings
Modify Definition Set the following Apply Rotation > Rotation Option Apply Rotation > From Apply Rotation > To Apply Rotation > Rotation Angle Multiple Copies Multiple Copies > # of Copies *. To this value Rotation Axis 0, 0, 0.16 0, 1, 0.16* 180 Select 1
This specifies an axis located at the centre of the housing parallel to the y-axis.
4. Click OK.
Regions
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4. Click OK.
4. Click OK.
p ----- = KQ U Ui x i
(Eqn. 1)
where KQ is the quadratic resistance coefficient, Ui is the local velocity in the i direction, and
p ----x i
For details, see Directional Loss Model (p. 38 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling"). 1. Create a new subdomain named catalyst. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify General Options Sources Set the following Basic Settings > Location Sources Sources > Momentum Source/Porous Loss Model Sources > Momentum Source/Porous Loss Model > Directional Loss Model *. . To this value LIVE* Select Select Select
This is the entire housing section. Used to set sources of momentum, resistance and mass for the subdomain (Other sources are available for different problem physics).
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Set the following Streamwise Direction > Unit Vector X Component Streamwise Direction > Unit VectorY Component Streamwise Direction > Unit Vector Z Component Streamwise Loss > Option Streamwise Loss > Quadratic Resistance Coefficient Streamwise Loss > Quadratic Resistance Coefficient > Quadratic Coefficient
To this value 0 0 1 Linear and Quadratic Coefs Select 650 [kg m^-4]
4. Click OK.
3. Click OK. Outlet Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named Outlet. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Option Mass and Momentum > Relative Pressure To this value Outlet PipeEnd Static Pressure 0 [Pa]
3. Click OK.
The remaining surfaces are automatically grouped into the default no slip wall boundary condition.
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Two Interfaces are required, one to connect the inlet flange to the catalyst housing and one to connect the outlet flange to the catalyst housing. Inlet Pipe / Housing Interface 1. Create a new domain interface named InletSide. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Interface Side 1 > Region List Interface Side 2 > Region List To this value FlangeEnd2 INLET
3. Click OK. Outlet Pipe / Housing Interface 1. Create a new domain interface named OutletSide. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Interface Side 1 > Region List Interface Side 2 > Region List To this value FlangeEnd OUTLET
3. Click OK.
Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity Automatic with Value Components > Option Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity 0 [m s^-1] Components > U Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity 0 [m s^-1] Components > V Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity -2 [m s^-1] Components > W Initial Conditions > Turbulence Eddy Dissipation Select
3. Click OK.
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Tutorial 10: Flow in a Catalytic Converter: Obtaining a Solution using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK. 4. Once ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager launches, return to ANSYS CFX-Pre.
The Information dialog box is displayed. This displays information related to the summary of interface connections.
5. Click OK. 6. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
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5. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
4. Click Apply. 5. In Objects under File Contents, in CatConv, edit InletSide Side 2. 6. Apply the following settings
Modify Render Set the following Draw Faces Draw Lines Draw Lines > Colour Mode Draw Lines > Line Colour Visibility To this value Clear Select User Specified Green Select
7. Click Apply. 8. In Objects under File Contents, in Regions, clear Wireframe to hide it. 9. Click View Towards -Z .
You should now have a clear view of the tetrahedral / prism and hexahedral mesh on each side of the interface. The General Grid Interface (GGI) capability of ANSYS CFX was used to produce a connection between these two dissimilar meshes before the solution was
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calculated. Notice that there are more tetrahedral / prism elements than hexahedral elements and that the extent of the two meshes is not quite the same (this is most noticeable on the curved edges). The extent of each side of the interface does not have to match to allow a GGI connection to be made.
3. Click Apply. 4. Click View Towards -Y 5. Clear Visibility. 6. Click Apply. and observe the pressure field.
3. Click Apply.
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3. Click Apply. Notice the flow separates from the walls, where the inlet pipe expands into the flange, setting up a recirculation zone. The flow is uniform through the catalyst housing. Suppose for now that you want to see if the pressure drop is linear by plotting a line graph of pressure against the z-coordinate. In this case you will use ANSYS CFX-Post to produce the graph, but you could also export the data, then read it into any standard plotting package. For details, see Export (p. 49 in "ANSYS CFX-Post, Release 10.0"). Graphs are produced using the chart object, but before you can create the chart you must define the points at which you require the data. To define a set of points in a line, you can use the polyline object.
Creating a Polyline
The Method used to create the polyline can be From File, Boundary Intersection or From Contour. If you select From File you must specify a file containing point definitions in the required format. For details, see POLYLINE Data Format (p. 52 in "ANSYS CFX-Post, Release 10.0"). In this tutorial, you will use the Boundary Intersection method. This creates a polyline from the intersecting line between a boundary object and a location (e.g between a wall and a plane). The points on the polyline are where the intersecting line cuts through a surface mesh edge. You will be able to see the polyline following the intersecting line between the wall, inlet and outlet boundaries and the slice plane. 1. In Objects under User Locations and Plots, clear Contour 1 and Vector 1. 2. Create a new polyline named Polyline 1. 3. Apply the following settings
Modify Geometry Set the following Method Boundary List Intersect With Colour Render *. Colour Line Width To this value Boundary Intersection CatConv Default, Inlet, Outlet* Plane 1 Yellow 3
Click the ellipsis icon to select multiple values using the <Ctrl> key.
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Creating a Chart
Now that a polyline has been defined, a chart can be created. Charts are defined by creating Chart Line objects. A Chart Line is listed in the Object Selector beneath the chart object to which it belongs. 1. Create a new chart named Chart 1. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Chart Chart Line 1 Set the following Title Line Name Location X Axis > Variable Y Axis > Variable Appearance > Symbols Appearance *. . Sizes > Line To this value Pressure Drop through a Catalytic Converter Pressure Drop Polyline 1 Z* Pressure Rectangle 3
This plots the z-coordinate values along the x axis of the graph. This plots Pressure values along the y axis of the graph
3. Click Apply.
Through the main body of the catalytic converter you can see that the pressure drop is linear. This is in the region from approximately Z=0.05 to Z=0.25. The two lines show the pressure on each side of the wall. You can see a noticeable difference in pressure between the two walls on the inlet side of the housing (at around Z=0.25).
3D Viewer
5. If required, in Objects under User Locations and Plots, select Contour 1 , Polyline 1 and Vector 1. 6. Select View Towards +Y .
You should now see that the flow enters the housing from the inlet pipe at a slight angle, producing a higher pressure on the high X wall of the housing.
7. If required, in Objects under User Locations and Plots, select Chart 1 , and edit Chart Line 1. 8. Apply the following settings
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This is the data point number (e.g. 1,2,3,4...), it does NOT represent the distance between each point along the polyline.
9. Click Apply.
Exporting Data
1. From the Main menu, select File > Export. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Options Set the following Locations Export Geometry Information Select Variables Formatting *. Precision To this value Polyline 1 Select* Pressure 3
3. Click Save.
The file export.csv will be written to the current working directory. This file can be opened in any text editor. You can use the exported data file to plot charts in other software.
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 202 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: NonNewton.pre NonNewtonMesh.gtm
Tutorial 11: Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in an Annulus: Before beginning this tutorial
Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Boundary Conditions
Details General Mode Steady State General Fluid Single Domain Laminar None Symmetry Plane Wall: No-Slip Wall: Moving
CEL (CFX Expression Language) Timestep CFX-Post Plots Auto Timescale Sampling Plane Slice Plane Vector
In this tutorial you will learn about: Using CFX Expression Language (CEL) to define the properties of a shear-thickening fluid. For details, see Non-Newtonian Flow (p. 33 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling"). Using the Moving Wall feature to apply a rotation to the fluid at a wall boundary. Examining the pressure distribution on either side of the region of smallest radius.
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Tutorial 11: Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in an Annulus: Overview of the problem to solve
3. Click OK.
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Tutorial 11: Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in an Annulus: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
= K
n1
(Eqn. 1) where is the shear strain rate and K and n are constants. For your fluid, n=1.5 and this results in shear-thickening behaviour of the fluid, i.e. the viscosity increases with increasing shear strain rate. The shear strain rate is available as a ANSYS CFX-Pre System Variable (sstrnr). In order to describe this relationship using CEL, the dimensions must be consistent on both sides of the equation. Clearly this means that K must have dimensions and requires units to satisfy the equation. If the units of viscosity are kg m^-1 s^-1, and those of are s^-1, then the expression is consistent if the units of K are kg m^-1 s^(-0.5). 1. Click the Expressions tab.
CFX Pre File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
Expressions
2. Create the following expressions with specific settings, remembering to click Apply after each is defined.
Expression Name K n Set the following To this value Definition Definition 10.0 [kg m^-1 s^-0.5] 1.5
We recommended that you bound the viscosity to ensure that it remains physically meaningful. To do so we will create two additional parameters that will be used to guarantee the value of the shear strain rate.
Set the following To this value Definition Definition Definition 100 [s^-1] 1.0E-3 [s^-1] K*(min(UpperS,max(sstrnr,LowerS))^(n-1))
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Tutorial 11: Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in an Annulus: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Materials
This is not the correct Molar Mass value, but this material property will not be used by the ANSYS CFX-Solver for this case. In other cases it will be used. Additional information on when the Molar Mass needs to be set is available. For details, see Molar Mass (p. 52 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling"). This is not the correct value for specific heat, but this property will not be used in the ANSYS CFX-Solver.
4. Click OK. Creating a New Domain 1. Click the Physics tab. 2. Create a new domain named NonNewton. 3. Apply the following settings
Modify General Options Fluid Models Set the following Basic Settings > Fluids List Turbulence Model > Option To this value myfluid None (Laminar)
4. Click OK.
Tutorial 11: Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in an Annulus: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
3. Click OK. Symmetry Plane 1. Create a new boundary condition named SymP1. Boundary 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location To this value Symmetry SymP1
3. Click OK. 4. Create a new boundary condition named SymP2. 5. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location To this value Symmetry SymP2
6. Click OK.
The outer annulus surfaces will default to the no-slip stationary wall boundary condition.
Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity Components > Option Automatic with Value Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity Components > U Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity Components > V Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity Components > W 0 [m s^-1] 0 [m s^-1] 0 [m s^-1]
3. Click OK.
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Tutorial 11: Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in an Annulus: Obtaining a Solution using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK. 4. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
5. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then OK.
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Tutorial 11: Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in an Annulus: Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
4. Click Apply. 5. Create a new plane named Plane 2. 6. Apply the following settings
Modify Geometry Set the following Definition > Method Definition > Point Definition > Normal Plane Bounds > Type Plane Bounds > Radius Plane Type Plane Type > R Samples Plane Type > Theta Samples Visibility To this value Point and Normal 0, 0, 0.02 0, 0, 1 Circular 0.3 [m] Sample 32 24 Clear
7. Click Apply. 8. Creating a new vector named Vector 1. 9. Apply the following settings.
Modify Geometry Symbol Set the following Definition > Locations Symbol Size To this value Plane 2 3
10. Click Apply. 11. Try creating some Plots of your own, including one that shows the variation of Dynamic viscosity. 12. When you have finished, quit ANSYS CFX-Post.
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 211 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include:
ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials Page 209
Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Boundary Conditions
Details Turbo Wizard Steady State Transient Ideal Gas Multiple Domain Rotating Frame of Reference k-Epsilon Total Energy Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Subsonic) Wall: No-Slip Wall: Adiabatic
Domain Interfaces
Timestep Transient Results File CFX-Solver Manager CFX-Post Restart Parallel Processing Plots
Turbo Post Other Changing the Colour Range Chart Creation Instancing Transformation MPEG Generation Quantitative Calculation Timestep Selection Transient Animation
In this tutorial you will learn about: Using the Turbo Wizard in ANSYS CFX-Pre to quickly specify a turbomachinery application.
ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials
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Multiple Frames of Reference and Generalised Grid Interface. Using a Frozen Rotor interface between the rotor and stator domains. Modifying an existing simulation. Setting up a transient calculation. Using a Transient Rotor-Stator interface condition to replace a Frozen Rotor interface. Creating a transient animation showing domain movement in ANSYS CFX-Post.
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The geometry to be modelled consists of a single stator blade passage and two rotor blade passages. The rotor rotates about the Z axis while the stator is stationary. Periodic boundaries are used to allow only a small section of the full geometry to be modelled.
Figure 1 Geometry subsection
Outflow Shroud
Stator Blade
Rotor Blade
Hub
Inflow
At the change in reference frame between the rotor and stator, two different interface models are considered. First a solution is obtained using a Frozen Rotor model. After viewing the results from this simulation, the latter is modified to use a Transient Rotor-Stator interface model. The Frozen Rotor solution is used as an initial guess for the Transient Rotor-Stator simulation.
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The full geometry contains 60 stator blades and 113 rotor blades. To help you visualise how the modelled geometry fits into the full geometry, the following figure shows approximately half of the full geometry. The Inflow and Outflow labels show the location of the modelled section in Figure 1.
Outflow
Inflow
Axis of Rotation
As previously indicated, the modelled geometry contains two rotor blades and one stator blade. This is an approximation to the full geometry since the ratio of rotor blades to stator blades is close to, but not exactly, 2:1. In the stator blade passage a 6 section is being modelled (360/60 blades), while in the rotor blade passage a 6.372 section is being modelled (2*360/113 blades). This produces a pitch ratio at the interface between the stator and rotor of 0.942. As the flow crosses the interface it is scaled to allow this type of geometry to be modelled. This results in an approximation of the inflow to the rotor passage. Furthermore, the flow across the interface will not appear continuous due to the scaling applied. The periodic boundary conditions will introduce an additional approximation since they cannot be periodic when a pitch change occurs. You should always try to obtain a pitch ratio as close to 1 as possible in your model to minimise approximations, but this must be weighed against computational resources. A full machine analysis can be performed (modelling all rotor and stator blades) which will always eliminate any pitch change, but will require significant computational time. For this rotor/stator geometry, a 1/4 machine section (28 rotor blades, 15 stator blades) would produce a pitch change of 1.009, but this would require a model about 15 times larger than in this tutorial example.
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Tutorial 12: Flow in an Axial Rotor/Stator: If you have already completed the Frozen Rotor simulation
Basic Settings
The default basic settings for axes can be accepted without change in this tutorial. 1. Click Next.
Component Definition
Two new components are required. As they are created, meshes are imported. 1. Create a new component of type Stationary, named S1. 2. Apply the following setting
Set the following Mesh File > File *. To this value stator.gtm*
You may have to select the CFX Mesh option under File Type.
3. Create a new component of type Rotating, named R1. 4. Apply the following settings
Set the following Rotation Rate > Value Mesh File > File To this value 523.6 [radian s^-1] rotor.grd*
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Tutorial 12: Flow in an Axial Rotor/Stator: Defining a Frozen Rotor Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre *. You may have to select the CFX-TASCflow option under File Type.
The region names under Region Information are already set appropriately. It is a good idea to review them at this point. ANSYS CFX-Pre will use these assignments to help set up boundary conditions and interfaces. The upper case Turbo Regions that are selected (e.g. HUB) correspond to the region names in the CFX-TASCflow grd file. CFX-TASCflow turbomachinery meshes use these names consistently. Note that boundary conditions can be changed if required after exiting the Turbo Wizard.
5. Click Next.
Physics Definition
1. Apply the following settings
Modify Physics Definition Set the following Fluid Model Data > Reference Pressure Model Data > Turbulence Boundary Templates > P-Total Inlet Mass Flow Outlet Boundary Templates > P-Total Boundary Templates > T-Total Boundary Templates > Mass Flow Rate Interface > Default Type Solver Parameters > Convergence Control Solver Parameters > Physical Timescale *. To this value Air Ideal Gas 0.25 [bar] k epsilon Select 0 [atm] 340 [K] 0.06 [kg s^-1] Frozen Rotor Physical Timescale 0.002 [s]*
This timescale is approximately equal to 1 / , which is often appropriate for rotating machinery applications.
2. Click Next.
Interface Definition
Here, you will check the periodic interfaces on the rotor and stator. They are required since you are only modelling a small section of the true geometry. An interface is also required to connect the two meshes together across the frame change. For details, see Domain Interfaces (p. 187 in "ANSYS CFX-Pre, Release 10.0"). ANSYS CFX-Pre will try to create appropriate interfaces using the Turbo Region names shown earlier. In this case, ANSYS CFX-Pre has displayed the definition of the interfaces. 1. Review the various interfaces but do not change them.
They have been automatically configured.
2. Click Next.
Boundary Definition
ANSYS CFX-Pre will try to create appropriate boundary conditions using the Turbo Region names shown earlier. Boundary Definition shows a list of boundary conditions. These were automatically created, and can be viewed, edited and deleted in the same way as the interface connections that were set up earlier. 1. Review the various boundary definitions but do not change them.
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Tutorial 12: Flow in an Axial Rotor/Stator: Obtaining a Solution to the Frozen Rotor Model
They have been automatically configured.
2. Click Next.
You can solve this example using Serial, Local Parallel or Distributed Parallel as there is guidance provided for all. Running the Solver in Serial Mode (p. 216 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Running the Solver in Local Parallel Mode (p. 217 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Running the Solver in Distributed Parallel Mode (p. 217 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
4. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK. When you are finished, continue with Viewing the Frozen Rotor Results in ANSYS CFX-Post (p. 217).
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Tutorial 12: Flow in an Axial Rotor/Stator: Viewing the Frozen Rotor Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
5. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK. When you are finished, continue with Viewing the Frozen Rotor Results in ANSYS CFX-Post (p. 217).
3. In Select Parallel Hosts, select another Host Name (this should be a machine that you can log into using the same user name). For details, see Distributed Parallel Setup (p. 21 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager, Release 10.0"). 4. Click Add, and then Close.
The names of the two selected machines should be listed in the Host Name column of the Define Run form.
7. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
Initialising Turbo-Post
To initialise Turbo-Post, the properties of each component must be entered. This includes entering information about the inlet, outlet, hub, shroud, blade and periodic regions.
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Tutorial 12: Flow in an Axial Rotor/Stator: Viewing the Frozen Rotor Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
Turbo
The Turbo Initialisation dialog box is displayed, and asks you whether you want to auto-initialize all components.
2. Click Yes.
The Turbo Selector shows the two components in domains R1 and S1. In this case, the initialisation works without problems. If there was a problem initializing a component, this would be indicated in the tree view.
Note: If you do not see the Turbo Initialisation dialog box, or as an alternative to using that dialog box, you can initialize all components by clicking the Initialise All Components button which is visible after double-clicking the Initialisation object in the Turbo Selector.
4. Click Apply. 5. Click the Turbo tab. 6. Open Plots > 3D View for editing. 7. Apply the following settings
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Modify 3D View
To this value R1 3
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Since 10 timesteps are used over this interval each timestep should be 2.124e-5 s. 1. Click Next twice so that Physics Definition is displayed. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Simulation Type Set the following Type Time Step Total Time Interface > Default Type *. . To this value Transient 2.124e-5 [s]* 2.124e-4 [s] Transient Rotor Stator
This timestep will be used until the total time is reached This gives 10 timesteps of 2.124e-5 s
Note: A transient rotor-stator calculation often runs through more than one pitch. In these cases, it may be useful to look at variable data averaged over the time interval required to complete 1 pitch. You can then compare data for each pitch rotation to see if a steady state has been achieved, or if the flow is still developing. Information on how to get time averaged variable data is available. For details, see Using Statistics with Transient Rotor-Stator Cases (p. 228 in "ANSYS CFX-Pre, Release 10.0"). 3. Click Next.
Interface Definition is displayed.
4. Click Next.
Boundary Definition is displayed.
5. Click Next.
Final Operations is displayed.
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Tutorial 12: Flow in an Axial Rotor/Stator: Obtaining a Solution to the Transient Rotor-Stator Model
Set the following Option Output Variables List* Time Interval > Time Interval
To this value Selected Variables Pressure, Velocity, Velocity in Stn Frame 2.124e-5 [s]
*.
5. Click OK.
3. Click OK. A Warning will appear, due to a lack of initial values. 4. Click Yes.
Initial values are required, but will be supplied later using a results file.
5. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
Serial Solution
If you do not have a license, or do not want to run ANSYS CFX in parallel, you can run it in serial. Solution time in serial is similar to the first part of this tutorial. 1. Under Initial Values File, click Browse 2. Select AxialIni_001.res. 3. Click Open. 4. Click Start Run. 5. When ANSYS CFX-Solver has finished, click OK. 6. Click Post-Process Results . .
7. When Start ANSYS CFX-Post appears, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
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When you are finished, continue with Monitoring the Run (p. 222).
Parallel Solution
You can solve this example using either Local Parallel or Distributed Parallel, in the same way as in the first part of this tutorial. For details, see Obtaining a Solution to the Frozen Rotor Model (p. 216 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials").
Initialising Turbo-Post
1. Click the Turbo tab.
The Turbo Initialisation dialog is displayed.
2. Click Yes.
If you do not click Yes, you can also click the Initialise All Components button that is available initially by default, and can be made available at any time by double-clicking the Initialisation object in the Turbo Selector. Both components (domains) are now being initialized based on the automatically selected turbo regions. When the process is complete, a green turbine icon appears next to each component entry in the list. Also, 3D Viewer displays a green background mesh for each initialized component.
3. Double click on Component 1 and review the automatically selected turbo regions.
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. .
8. Use the Timestep Selector to load the final timestep. 9. In the Animation Editor, click New to create KeyframeNo2.
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11. Click the small down-arrow to get more animation options, and set Timestep to TimeValue Interpolation.
You will be able to see from the animation, and from the plots created previously, that the flow is not continuous across the interface. This is because a pitch change occurs. The relatively coarse mesh and the small number of timesteps used in the transient simulation also contribute to this. The movie was created with a narrow pressure range compared to the global range which exaggerates the differences across the interface.
Further Postprocessing
You can use the Turbo Calculator to produce a report on the performance of the turbine. 1. Select Gas Turbine Performance macro in the Turbo Workspacer. 2. Set Ref Radius to 0.4575 and leave other settings at their default values. 3. Click Calculate. 4. Click View Report.
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 226 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: Reactor.pre ReactorExpressions.ccl ReactorMesh.gtm
Tutorial 13: Reacting Flow in a Mixing Tube: Before beginning this tutorial
Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Particle Tracking Boundary Conditions
Details General Mode Steady State Variable Composition Mixture Single Domain k-Epsilon Thermal Energy Component Source Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Subsonic) Symmetry Plane Wall: Adiabatic
Additional Variables CEL (CFX Expression Language) Timestep CFX-Post Plots Other Physical Timescale Isosurface Slice Plane Changing the Colour Range
In this tutorial you will learn about: Creating and using a multicomponent fluid in ANSYS CFX-Pre. Using CEL to model a reaction in ANSYS CFX-Pre. Using an algebraic Additional Variable to model a scalar distribution. Using a subdomain as the basis for component sources.
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Tutorial 13: Reacting Flow in a Mixing Tube: Overview of the problem to solve
H 2 SO 4 + 2 NaOH Na 2 SO 4 + 2 H 2 O
The tube is modelled as an axisymmetric section.
(Eqn. 1)
The reaction between acid and alkali is represented as a single step irreversible liquid-phase reaction
A+BC
(Eqn. 2) Reagent A (dilute sulphuric acid) is injected through a ring of holes near the start of the tube. As it flows along the tube it reacts with Reagent B (dilute sodium hydroxide) which is injected through a further two rings of holes downstream. The product, C, remains in solution. The composition and pH of the mixture within the tube are principal quantities of interest to be predicted by the model. The flow is assumed to be fully turbulent and turbulence is assumed to have a significant effect on the process. The process is also exothermic.
.
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Materials
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To this value Pure Substance Select 19.52 [kg kmol^-1]* 1080 [kg m^-3] Select 1 [atm] 25 [C] Select 0.001 [kg m^-1 s^-1] Select 0.6 [W m^-1 K^-1]
Thermodynamic State > Thermodynamic State Liquid Material Properties Equation of State > Molar Mass Equation of State > Density Specific Heat Capacity Specific Heat Capacity > Reference Pressure Specific Heat Capacity > Ref. Temperature Transport Properties > Dynamic Viscosity Transport Properties > Dynamic Viscosity > Dynamic Viscosity Transport Properties > Thermal Conductivity Transport Properties > Thermal Conductivity > Thermal Conductivity *.
Specific Heat Capacity > Specific Heat Capacity 4190 [J kg^-1 K^-1]
For details, see Molar Mass (p. 52 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
4. Click OK. Alkali properties 1. Create a new material named alkali. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Option Thermodynamic State Material Properties Equation of State > Molar Mass Equation of State > Density Specific Heat Capacity Specific Heat Capacity > Reference Pressure Specific Heat Capacity > Ref. Temperature Transport Properties > Dynamic Viscosity Transport Properties > Dynamic Viscosity > Dynamic Viscosity Transport Properties > Thermal Conductivity Transport Properties > Thermal Conductivity > Themal Conductivity *. To this value Pure Substance Select 20.42 [kg kmol^-1]* 1130 [kg m^-3] Select 1 [atm] 25 [C] Select 0.001 [kg m^-1 s^-1] Select 0.6 [W m^-1 K^-1]
Specific Heat Capacity > Specific Heat Capacity 4190 [J kg^-1 K^-1]
For details, see Molar Mass (p. 52 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
3. Click OK.
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Specific Heat Capacity > Specific Heat Capacity 4190 [J kg^-1 K^-1]
For details, see Molar Mass (p. 52 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
3. Click OK. Fluid properties 1. Create a new material named mixture. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Option Material Group Materials List Thermodynamic State Thermodynamic State To this value Variable Composition Mixture User, Water Data Water, acid, alkali, product Select Liquid
3. Click OK.
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Set the following Basic Settings > Domain Type Basic Settings > Fluids List Domain Models > Pressure > Reference Pressure Heat Transfer Model > Option Component Details Component Details > acid > Option Component Details > acid > Kinematic Diffusivity Component Details > acid > Kinematic Diffusivity > Kinematic Diffusivity
To this value Fluid Domain mixture 1 [atm] Thermal Energy acid Transport Equation Select 0.001 [m^2 s^ -1]
Fluid Models
4. Use the same Option and Kinematic Diffusivity settings for alkali and product as you have just set for acid. 5. For Water, set Option to Constraint.
Modify Fluid Models Set the following Heat Transfer Model > Option Component Details Component Details > Water > Option To this value Thermal Energy water Constraint
One component must always use Constraint. This is the component used to balance the mass fraction equation; the sum of the mass fractions of all components of a fluid must equal unity.
6. Click OK.
(Eqn. 3)
stoichiometric ratio. The right hand side represents the source term applied to the transport equation for the mass fraction of acid. The left hand side consists of the transient, advection and diffusion terms. For acid-alkali reactions, the stoichiometric ratio is usually based on volume fractions. To correctly model the reaction using an eddy break up formulation based on mass fractions, we must calculate the stoichiometric ratio based on mass fractions.
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In this tutorial the reaction is modelled by introducing source terms for the acid, alkali and product components. You can now also model this type of flow more easily using a reacting mixture as your fluid. We have also provided a tutorial example using a reacting mixture. For details, see Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor (p. 299 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials"). Technical Note (Reference Only) In ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0, a source is fully specified by an expression for its value S. A source coefficient C is optional, but can be specified to provide convergence enhancement or stability for strongly-varying sources. The value of C may affect the rate of convergence but should not affect the converged results. If no suitable value is available for C, the solution timescale or timestep can still be reduced to help improve convergence of difficult source terms. Important: C must never be positive. An optimal value for C when solving an individual equation for a positive variable with a source S whose strength decreases with increasing is
C = S
Where this derivative cannot be computed easily:
(Eqn. 4)
S C = -
may be sufficient to ensure convergence. Another useful recipe for C is
(Eqn. 5)
C = -
(Eqn. 6) where is a local estimate for the source timescale. Provided that the source timescale is not excessively short compared to flow or mixing timescales, this may be a useful approach for controlling sources with positive feedback ( S > 0 ) or sources that do not depend directly on the solved variable .
Calculating pH
The pH (or acidity) of the mixture is a function of the mass fraction of acid, alkali and product. For the purposes of this calculation, acid is assumed to be dilute and fully dissociated into its respective ions (H+ and X-); alkali is assumed to be dilute and fully dissociated into its respective ions (Y+ and OH-); product is assumed to be a salt solution including further H+ and OH- ions in a stoichiometric ratio.
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The concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions can be calculated from the mass fractions of the components using the following expressions:
i+i
[H
mf prod ii -------------] acid = mf acid + 1 + i = [ X ] imf prod i+i ] alkali = mf alkali + ---------------= [Y ] 1+i
(Eqn. 7)
[ OH
ii
(Eqn. 8)
where and are the X- ion and Y+ ion concentrations in the acid and alkali respectively. For this problem, is set to 1.0E-05 kmole X- per kg of acid, and =/i. Applying charge conservation and equilibrium conditions,
[H
i+i
] + [Y
i+i
] = [X
ii
] + [ OH
ii
[H
i+i
] [ OH
ii
] = KW
gives the following quadratic equation for free hydrogen ion concentration:
[H [H
i+i
]([H
i+i
] + [Y
i+i
] [ X
ii
] ) = KW ] KW = 0
(Eqn. 11)
i+i 2
] + ([Y
i+i
] [X
i+i
ii
])[H
i+i
(Eqn. 12)
pH = log 10 [ H
(Eqn. 13)
where Kw is the equilibrium constant (1.0 x 10E-14 kmoles2 m-6). The quadratic equation can be solved for [ H+ ] using the equation [ H+ ] = (-b + sqrt(b2 - 4ac)) / 2a where a = 1, b = [ Y + ] - [ X - ] and c = -KW Creating expressions to model the reaction You can create the expressions required to model the reaction sources and pH by either reading them in from a file or by defining them in the Expression Editor. Note that the expressions used here do not refer to a particular fluid since there is only a single fluid. In a multiphase simulation you must prefix variables with a fluid name, for example Mixture.acid.mf instead of acid.mf. In this tutorial the expressions can be imported from a file to avoid typing them. Reading expressions from a file 1. Select File > Import CCL. 2. Ensure that Import Method is set to Append. 3. Browse to ANSYS CFX /examples/ and select ReactorExpressions.ccl. 4. Click Open. 5. Click the Expressions tab.
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Note that the expressions have been loaded.
3. Click OK. This Additional Variable is now available for use when you create or modify a domain.
4. Click OK.
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Modify Sources
Set the following Sources Sources > Equation Sources > acid.mf Sources > Equation Sources > acid.mf > Source Sources > Equation Sources > acid.mf > Source Coefficient Sources > Equation Sources > acid.mf > Source Coefficient > Source Coefficient Sources > Equation Sources > alkali.mf Sources > Equation Sources > alkali.mf > Source Sources > Equation Sources > alkali.mf > Source Coefficient Sources > Equation Sources > alkali.mf > Source Coefficient > Source Coefficient Sources > Equation Sources > Energy Sources > Equation Sources > Energy > Source Sources > Equation Sources > product.mf Sources > Equation Sources > product.mf > Source
To this value Select Select AcidSource Select AcidSourceCoeff Select AlkaliSource Select AlkaliSourceCoeff Select HeatSource Select ProductSource
Sources > Equation Sources > product.mf > Source Coefficient Select Sources > Equation Sources > product.mf > Source Coefficient 0 [kg m^-3 s^-1] > Source Coefficient
3. Click OK.
3. Leave mass fractions for all components set to zero. Since Water is the constraint fluid, it will be automatically given a mass fraction of 1 on this inlet. 4. Click OK. Acid Inlet Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named InAcid. 2. Apply the following settings
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Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Normal Speed Heat Transfer > Option Heat Transfer > Static Temperature Component Details > acid Component Details > acid > Mass Fraction Component Details > alkali Component Details > alkali > Mass Fraction Component Details > product Component Details > product > Mass Fraction
To this value Inlet InAcid 2 [m s^-1] Static Temperature 300 [K] Select 1.0 [kg kg^-1] Select 0 [kg kg^-1] Select 0 [kg kg^-1]
3. Click OK. Alkali Inlet Boundary The inlet area for the alkali is twice that of the acid and it also enters at a higher velocity. The result is an acid-to-alkali volume inflow ratio of 1:2.667. Recall that a stoichiometric ratio of 2.7905 was specified based on mass fractions. When the density of the acid (1080 [kg m3]) and alkali (1130 [kg m3]) are considered, the acid-to-alkali mass flow ratio can be calculated as 1:2.7905. We are therefore providing enough acid and alkali to produce a neutral solution if they react together completely. 1. Create a new boundary condition named InAlkali. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Normal Speed Heat Transfer > Option Heat Transfer > Static Temperature Component Details > acid Component Details > acid > Mass Fraction Component Details > alkali Component Details > alkali > Mass Fraction Component Details > product Component Details > product > Mass Fraction To this value Inlet InAlkali 2.667 [m s^-1] Static Temperature 300 [K] Select 0 [kg kg^-1] Select 1 [kg kg^-1] Select 0 [kg kg^-1]
3. Click OK. Outlet Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named out. 2. Apply the following settings
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Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Option Mass and Momentum > Relative Pressure
3. Click OK. Symmetry Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named sym1. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location To this value Symmetry sym1
3. Click OK. 4. Create a new boundary condition named sym2. 5. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location To this value Symmetry sym2
6. Click OK.
The default adiabatic wall boundary condition will automatically be applied to the remaining unspecified boundary.
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Tutorial 13: Reacting Flow in a Mixing Tube: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre Modify Set the following Initial Conditions > Component Details > acid > Mass Fraction Initial Conditions > Component Details > alkali Initial Conditions > Component Details > alkali > Option Initial Conditions > Component Details > alkali > Mass Fraction Initial Conditions > Component Details > product Initial Conditions > Component Details > product > Option To this value 0 Select Automatic with Value 0 Select Automatic with Value
Initial Conditions > Component Details > product > Mass 0 Fraction
3. Click OK.
The length of mixing tube is 0.06 [m] and inlet velocity is 2 [m s^-1]. An estimate of the dynamic timescale is 0.03 [s]. An appropriate timestep would be 1/4 to 1/2 of this value. See For details, see Timestep Selection (p. 327 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK. 4. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
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Tutorial 13: Reacting Flow in a Mixing Tube: Obtaining a Solution using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
5. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
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Page 240
Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 242 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: HeatingCoil.pre HeatingCoil_001.res HeatingCoilMesh.gtm
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Tutorial 14: Conjugate Heat Transfer in a Heating Coil: Features explored in this tutorial
Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Conjugate Heat Transfer Subdomains Boundary Conditions
Details General Mode Steady State General Fluid Multiple Domain k-Epsilon Thermal Energy Energy Source Inlet (Subsonic) Opening Wall: No-Slip Wall: Adiabatic
CEL (CFX Expression Language) Timestep CFX-Post Plots Physical Timescale Cylinder Default Locators Isosurface Other Changing the Colour Range Expression Editor Lighting Adjustment Variable Editor
In this tutorial you will learn about: Creating and using a solid domain as a heater coil in ANSYS CFX-Pre. Modelling Conjugate Heat Transfer in ANSYS CFX-Pre. Specifying a subdomain to specify a heat source. Creating a cylinder locator using CEL in ANSYS CFX-Post. Examining the temperature distribution which is affected by heat transfer from the coil to the fluid.
Tutorial 14: Conjugate Heat Transfer in a Heating Coil: Overview of the problem to solve
Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer (p. 17 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh) (p. 53 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial 3: Flow in a Process Injection Mixing Pipe (p. 75 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Solid Heater
Inflow
This tutorial also includes an optional step that demonstrates the use of the CFX to ANSYS Data Transfer Tool to export thermal and mechanical stress data for analysis in ANSYS. A results file is provided in case you wish to skip the model creation and solution steps within ANSYS CFX.
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This region name may be different depending on how the mesh was created. You should pick the region that forms the exterior surface of the volume surrounding the coil. For details, see Automatic (p. 86 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
3. Click OK. Creating a Solid Domain Since you know that the copper heating element will be much hotter than the fluid, you can initialise the temperature to a reasonable value. The initialisation option that is set when creating a domain applies only to that domain. 1. Create a new domain named SolidZone. 2. Apply the following settings
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Tutorial 14: Conjugate Heat Transfer in a Heating Coil: Defining a Simulation in CFX-Pre
Set the following Basic Settings > Location Basic Settings > Domain Type Basic Settings > Solids List Domain Initialisation Domain Initialisation > Initial Conditions Domain Initialisation > Initial Conditions > Temperature > Option Domain Initialisation > Initial Conditions > Temperature > Temperature
To this value B2.P3 Solid Domain Copper Select Select Automatic with Value 550 [K]
Initialisation
3. Click OK.
This is the same location as for the domain SolidZone, because we want the source term to apply to the entire solid domain.
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK.
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Tutorial 14: Conjugate Heat Transfer in a Heating Coil: Defining a Simulation in CFX-Pre
Opening boundary
The opening boundary condition type is used in this case because we expect, at some stage during the solution, that the coiled heating element will cause some recirculation at the exit. At an opening boundary you need to set the temperature of fluid that enters through the boundary. In this case it is useful to base this temperature on the fluid temperature at the outlet, since we expect the fluid to be flowing mostly out through this opening. 1. Create a new boundary condition named outflow in the FluidZone. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location To this value Opening outflow
Expressions
You can right-click in the Definition window to access the function (Functions > Integrated Quantities > areaAve) and variable (Variables > T). The locator outflow will not be available until you have created the boundary condition, so you will have to type this part of the expression.
Physics
The boundary condition editor for the opening will reappear in its last state.
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9. Click OK.
The default adiabatic wall boundary condition will automatically be applied to the remaining unspecified external boundaries of the fluid domain. The default Fluid-Solid Interface boundary condition (flux conserved) will be applied to the surfaces between the solid domain and the fluid domain.
For the Convergence Criteria, an RMS value of at least 1e-05 is usually required for adequate convergence, but the default value is sufficient for demonstration purposes. For details, see Judging Convergence (p. 341 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK. 4. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
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5. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
3. Click Apply. variable 1. Create a new variable named radius. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify radius (scalar) Set the following Expression To this value expradius
3. Click Apply.
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Tutorial 14: Conjugate Heat Transfer in a Heating Coil: Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
Isosurface of the 1. Create a new isosurface named Isosurface 1. variable 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Geometry Set the following Definition > Variable Definition > Value Colour Mode Variable Range Min Max *. To this value radius 0.8 [m]* Variable Temperature User Specified 300 [K] 302 [K]
3. Click Apply.
An easy way to create cylinders with regular point distribution is described. For details, see Surface of Revolution (p. 67 in "ANSYS CFX-Post, Release 10.0").
Specular Lighting
Specular lighting is on by default. Specular lighting allows glaring bright spots on the surface of an object, depending on the orientation of the surface and the position of the light. 1. Apply the following settings
Modify Render Set the following Specular To this value Clear
2. Click Apply.
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Page 250
Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 253 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: MixerImpellerMesh.gtm MixerTank.geo MultiphaseMixer.pre
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Tutorial 15: Multiphase Flow in Mixing Vessel: Features explored in this tutorial
Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model
Details General Mode Steady State General Fluid Multiple Domain Rotating Frame of Reference Dispersed Phase Zero Equation Fluid-Dependant Turbulence Model k-Epsilon
None
Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Degassing) Wall: Thin Surface Wall: (Slip Depends on Volume Fraction)
Frozen Rotor Periodic Physical Timescale Default Locators Isosurface Slice Plane
Other
Quantitative Calculation
In this tutorial you will learn about: Importing meshes that have CFX-4 and ANSYS CFX Def/Res file formats. Setting up a simulation using multiple frames of reference. Connecting two domains (one for the impeller and one for the tank) via Frozen Rotor interfaces. Modelling rotational periodicity using periodic boundary conditions. Using periodic GGI interfaces where the mesh does not map exactly. Using Thin Surfaces for the blade and baffle surfaces. Setting up a multiphase flow problem.
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Tutorial 15: Multiphase Flow in Mixing Vessel: Before beginning this tutorial
Shaft
Baffles
Mixing Tank
Air Inlet
Impeller
The figure above shows the full geometry, with part of the tank walls and one baffle cut away. The symmetry of the vessel allows a 1/4 section of the full geometry to be modelled.
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3. Click Apply. Importing the Impeller Mesh 1. Apply the following settings
Modify Definition Set the following Mesh Format File To this value CFX Mesh (gtm) MixerImpellerMesh.gtm
2. Click OK. 3. Select Isometric View (X up) Transforming the Impeller Mesh
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In the next step you will move the impeller mesh to its correct position. 1. Select Assembly2.
Tutorial 15: Multiphase Flow in Mixing Vessel: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Tip: You can also right click Assembly2 and select Transform.
Set the following Transformation Apply Translation > Method Apply Translation > Dx, Dy, Dz
4. Click OK. Viewing the Mesh at the Tank Periodic Boundary 1. Select Viewer > Label and Marker Visibility or click Label and Marker Visibility 2. Apply the following setting
modify label options Set the following Show Labels To this value clear
3. Click OK. 4. In the Mesh tab, expand Assembly and Assembly 3D to view associated 2D primitives. 5. Click the primitive region BLKBDY TANK PER2. You can now see the mesh on one of the periodic regions of the tank. To reduce the solution time for this tutorial, the mesh used is very coarse. This is not a suitable mesh to obtain accurate results, but it is sufficient for demonstration purposes. Note: If you do not see the surface mesh, highlighting may be turned off. If highlighting is disabled, toggle Highlight . The default highlight type will show the surface mesh for any selected regions. If you see a different highlighting type, you can alter it by selecting Edit > Options and browsing to Pre > Viewer.
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Set the following Basic Settings > Location Fluids List Domain Models > Pressure > Reference Pressure Domain Models > Buoyancy > Option Domain Models > Buoyancy > Gravity X Dirn. Domain Models > Buoyancy > Gravity Y Dirn. Domain Models > Buoyancy > Gravity Z Dirn. Domain Models > Buoyancy > Buoy. Ref. Density* Domain Models > Domain Motion > Option Domain Models > Domain Motion > Angular Velocity Domain Models > Domain Motion > Axis Definition > Rotation Axis
To this value Assembly 2 Air at 25 C, Water 0 [atm] Buoyant -9.81 [m s^-2] 0 [m s^-2] 0 [m s^-2] 997 [kg m^-3] Rotating 84 [rev min-1] Global X Select Dispersed Fluid 3 [mm] Select 0.073 [N m^-1] Grace Select 4** Lopez de Bertodano 0.1 Seto Enhanced Eddy Viscosity
Fluid Details
Air at 25 C Air at 25 C > Morphology > Option Air at 25 C > Morphology > Mean Diameter Air at 25 C | Water > Surface Tension Coefficient Air at 25 C | Water > Surface Tension Coefficient > Surf. Tension Coeff. Air at 25 C | Water > Momentum Transfer > Drag Force > Option Air at 25 C | Water > Momentum Transfer > Drag Force > Volume Fraction Correction Exponent Air at 25 C | Water > Momentum Transfer > Drag Force > Volume Fraction Correction Exponent > Value Air at 25 C | Water > Momentum Transfer > Non-drag Forces > Turbulent Dispersion Force > Option Air at 25 C | Water > Momentum Transfer > Non-drag Forces > Turbulent Dispersion Force > Dispersion Coeff. Air at 25 C | Water > Momentum Transfer > Non-drag Forces > Turbulence Transfer > Option
Fluid Pairs
*.
For dilute dispersed multiphase flow, always set the buoyancy reference density to that for continuous fluid. For details, see Buoyancy (p. 23 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling"). . Note the unit. . This must be set to allow the Grace drag model to be used. **. For details, see Sparsely Distributed Fluid Particles: Grace Drag Model (p. 160 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
3. Click OK. Stationary Domain for the Main Tank Next, you will create a stationary domain for the main tank by copying the properties of the existing fluid domain. 1. Create a duplicate of impeller named tank. 2. Apply the following settings
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Set the following Basic Settings > Location Domain Motion > Option
3. Click OK.
The Physics Error Summary window will now show an error. The impeller Default boundary object was copied from the impeller domain when the tank domain was created. It is necessary to delete this object.
4. Delete the impeller Default boundary condition. Tip: This can be done by right-clicking the boundary condition.
Periodic domain interfaces can either be one-to-one or GGI interfaces. One-to-one transformations occur for topologically similar meshes whose nodes match within a given tolerance. One-to-one periodic interfaces are more accurate and reduce CPU and memory requirements. When the default wall boundary condition is generated, the internal 2D Regions of an imported mesh are ignored, while the regions that form domain boundaries are included. Air Inlet Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition in the domain tank named Airin. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Fluid Values Set the following Boundary Type Location Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C To this value Inlet INLET DIPTUBE Select
Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C > Velocity 5 [m s^-1] > Normal Speed Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C > Volume 1 Fraction > Volume Fraction Boundary Conditions > Water Boundary Conditions > Water > Velocity > Normal Speed Boundary Conditions > Water > Volume Fraction > Volume Fraction Select 5 [m s^-1] 0
3. Click OK.
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1. Create a new boundary condition in the domain tank named LiquidSurface. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Option To this value Outlet WALL LIQUID SURFACE Degassing Condition
3. Click OK. Thin Surface for the Baffle In ANSYS CFX-Pre, thin surfaces can be created by specifying wall boundary conditions on both sides of internal 2D regions. Both sides of the baffle regions will be specified as walls in this case. 1. Create a new boundary condition in the domain tank named Baffle. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location Fluid Values Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C > Wall Influence on Flow > Option Boundary Conditions > Water Boundary Conditions > Water > Wall Influence on Flow > Option *. To this value Wall WALL BAFFLES* Select Free Slip Select No Slip
The WALL BAFFLES region includes the surfaces on both sides of the baffle (you can confirm this by examining WALL BAFFLES in the Region Selector). Therefore, you do not need to use the Create Thin Surface Partner option. The Free Slip condition can be used for the gas phase since the contact area with the walls is near zero for low gas phase volume fractions.
3. Click OK. Wall Boundary Condition for the Shaft The next stage involves setting up a boundary condition for the shaft, which exists in the tank (stationary domain). These regions are connected to the shaft in the impeller domain. Since the tank domain is not rotating, you need to specify a moving wall to account for the rotation of the shaft. Part of the shaft is located directly above the air inlet, so the volume fraction of air in this location will be high and the assumption of zero contact area for the gas phase is not physically correct. In this case, a no slip boundary condition is more appropriate than a Free Slip condition for the Air phase. When the volume fraction of air in contact with a wall is low, a Free Slip condition is more appropriate for the air phase.
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In cases where it is important to correctly model the dispersed phase slip properties at walls for all volume fractions, you can declare both fluids as no slip, but set up an expression for the dispersed phase wall area fraction. The expression should result in an area fraction of zero for dispersed phase volume fractions from 0 to 0.3, for example, and then linearly increase to an area fraction of 1 as the volume fraction increases to 1. 1. Create a new boundary condition in the domain tank named TankShaft. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location Fluid Values Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C > Wall Influence on Flow > Option Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C > Wall Influence on Flow > Wall Velocity Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C > Wall Influence on Flow > Wall Velocity > Option To this value Wall WALL SHAFT, WALL SHAFT CENTER Select No Slip Select Rotating Wall
Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C > Wall 84 [rev min-1]* Influence on Flow > Wall Velocity > Angular Velocity Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C > Wall Influence on Flow > Wall Velocity > Axis Definition > Rotation Axis *. Note the unit. Global X
3. Select Water and set the same values as for Air at 25 C. 4. Click OK. Required Boundary Conditions in the Impeller Domain 1. Create a new boundary condition in the domain impeller named Blade. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location Create Thin Surface Partner Fluid Values Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C > Wall Influence on Flow > Option Boundary Conditions > Water Boundary Conditions > Water > Wall Influence on Flow > Option *. To this value Wall Blade Select* Select Free Slip Select No Slip
The Blade region only includes the surface from one side of the blade (you can confirm this by examining Blade in the Region Selector). Therefore, you can turn on Create Thin Surface Partner to include the surfaces from the other side of the blade.
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3. Click OK.
You will see in the Physics Selector that a boundary named Blade Other Side has automatically been created.
4. Create a new boundary condition in the domain impeller named HubShaft. 5. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Fluid Values Set the following Boundary Type Location Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C > Wall Influence on Flow > Option Boundary Conditions > Water Boundary Conditions > Water > Wall Influence on Flow > Option To this value Wall Hub, Shaft Select Free Slip Select No Slip
6. Click OK. Modifying the Default Wall Boundary Condition 1. In the Physics tab, under Flow, in tank, edit tankDefault. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Fluid Values Set the following Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C > Wall Influence on Flow > Option Boundary Conditions > Water Boundary Conditions > Water > Wall Influence on Flow > Option To this value Select Free Slip Select No Slip
3. Click OK.
It is not necessary to set the default boundary in the impeller domain since the remaining surfaces will be assigned interface conditions in the next section.
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3. Click OK. Tank Domain 1. Create a new domain interface named TankPeriodic. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Interface Type Interface Side 1 > Domain (Filter) Interface Side 1 > Region List Interface Side 2 > Domain (Filter) Interface Side 2 > Region List Periodicity > Periodic Type Periodicity > Axis Defition > Rotation Axis To this value Periodic tank BLKBDY TANK PER1 tank BLKBDY TANK PER2 Rotational Global X
3. Click OK. Frozen Rotor Interface Next, you will create three Frozen Rotor interfaces for the regions connecting the two domains. In this case three separate interfaces are created. You should not try to create a single domain interface for multiple surfaces that lie in different planes. 1. Create a new domain interface named Top. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Interface Type Interface Side 1 > Domain (Filter) Interface Side 1 > Region List Interface Side 2 > Domain (Filter) Interface Side 2 > Region List To this value Fluid Fluid impeller Top tank BLKBDY TANK TOP
3. Click OK. 4. Create a new domain interface named Bottom. 5. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Interface Type Interface Side 1 > Domain (Filter) Interface Side 1 > Region List Interface Side 2 > Domain (Filter) Interface Side 2 > Region List To this value Fluid Fluid impeller Bottom tank BLKBDY TANK BOT
6. Click OK. 7. Create a new domain interface named Outer. 8. Apply the following settings
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Set the following Interface Type Interface Side 1 > Domain (Filter) Interface Side 1 > Region List Interface Side 2 > Domain (Filter) Interface Side 2 > Region List
To this value Fluid Fluid impeller Outer tank BLKBDY TANK OUTER
9. Click OK.
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Air at 25 C > Initial Conditions > Volume Fraction > Automatic with Value Option Air at 25 C > Initial Conditions > Volume Fraction > 0 Volume Fraction Water Water > Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity Components > Velocity Scale Water > Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity Components > Velocity Scale > Value Water > Initial Conditions > Turbulence Eddy Dissipation Select Select 0 [m s^-1] Select
3. Click OK.
and then monitor the value of TotalAirHoldUp. For details, see Monitor tab (p. 219 in "ANSYS CFX-Pre, Release 10.0"). 1. Click Solver Control .
3. Click OK.
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3. Click OK.
3. Click OK. 4. If you are notified the file already exists, click Overwrite. 5. Once ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager launches return to ANSYS CFX-Pre.
The Information dialog box is displayed. This displays information related to the summary of interface connections.
6. Click OK. 7. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
3. Click OK.
After a run has finished, examine some of the information printed at the end of the OUT file.
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A common quantity of interest is the mass balance; this compares the amount of fluid leaving the domain to the amount entering.
You usually want the Global Imbalance, in %: to be less than 0.1 % in a converged solution. For a single phase calculation, the mass balance is the P-Mass equation. For a multiphase calculation, examine the information given for the P-Vol equation. This is not the volumetric flow balance information, but is the summation of the phasic continuity mass balance information. .
5. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
3. Click Apply. 4. Observe the plane, then apply the following settings:
Modify Colour Set the following Variable Range Min Max To this value Air at 25 C.Shear Strain Rate User Specified 0 [s^-1] 15 [s^-1]
5. Click Apply.
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Areas of high shear strain rate or shear stress are typically also areas where the highest mixing occurs.
7. Click Apply.
Note that the hydrostatic contribution to pressure is excluded due to the use of an appropriate buoyancy reference density. For details, see Buoyancy and Pressure (p. 25 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling"). If you plot the variable called Absolute Pressure, you will see the true pressure including the hydrostatic contribution.
Creating a vector
Using this variable, instead of Water.Velocity, results in the velocity vectors appearing to be continuous at the interface between the rotating and stationary domains. Velocity variables that do not include a frame specification always use the local reference frame.
3. Change the variable to Air at 25 C.Velocity in Stn Frame. 4. Modify the tank Default object. 5. Apply the following settings:
Modify Colour Set the following Mode Variable Range Visibility
The legend for this plot shows the range of wall shear values. The global maximum wall shear is much higher than the maximum value on the default walls. The global maximum values occur on the TankShaft boundary directly above the inlet. Although these values are very high, the shear force exerted on this boundary will be small since the contact area fraction of water here is very small.
1. Select Tools > Function Calculator from the main menu or click Show Function Calculator from the main toolbar. 2. Apply the following settings:
Tutorial 15: Multiphase Flow in Mixing Vessel: Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
3. Click Calculate to find the torque required to rotate Blade about the X axis. 4. Repeat the calculation setting Location to Blade Other Side. The sum of these two results is the torque required by the single impeller blade, approximately 70 [N m]. This must be multiplied by the number of blades in the full geometry to obtain the total torque required by the impeller; the result is a value of approximately 282 [N m]. You could also include the results from the locations HubShaft and TankShaft; however in this case their contributions are negligible. The power requirement is simply the required torque multiplied by the rotational speed (8.8 rad/s): Power = 282*8.8 = 2482 [W]. Remember that this value is the power requirement for the work done on the fluid only, it does not account for any mechanical losses, efficiencies etc. Also note that the accuracy of these results is significantly affected by the coarseness of the mesh. You should not use a mesh of this length scale to obtain accurate quantitative results.
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 270 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: BubbleColumn.pre BubbleColumnMesh.gtm
Tutorial 16: Gas-Liquid Flow in an Airlift Reactor: Before beginning this tutorial
Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model
Details Quick Setup Wizard Steady State General Fluid Single Domain Dispersed Phase Zero Equation Fluid-Dependent Turbulence Model k-Epsilon
None
Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Degassing Symmetry Plane Wall: Thin Surface Wall: (Slip Depends on Volume Fraction)
Physical Timescale Default Locators Vector Changing the Colour Range Symmetry
In this tutorial you will learn about: Setting up a multiphase flow involving air and water Using a fluid dependent turbulence model to set different turbulence options for each fluid. Specifying buoyant flow. Specifying a degassing outlet boundary condition to allow air, but not water, to escape from the boundary.
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Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh) (p. 53 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial 3: Flow in a Process Injection Mixing Pipe (p. 75 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
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3. Click OK.
Fluid Pairs > Air at 25 C | Water > Surface Tension Coefficient Select Fluid Pairs > Air at 25 C | Water > Surface Tension Coefficient 0.072 [N m^-1] > Surf. Tension Coeff. Fluid Pairs > Air at 25 C | Water > Momentum Transfer > Drag Grace Force > Option Fluid Pairs > Air at 25 C | Water > Momentum Transfer > Drag Select Force > Volume Fraction Correction Exponent Fluid Pairs > Air at 25 C | Water > Momentum Transfer > Drag 2 Force > Volume Fraction Correction Exponent > Value Fluid Pairs > Air at 25 C | Water > Momentum Transfer > Non-drag Forces > Turbulent Dispersion Force > Option Fluid Pairs > Air at 25 C | Water > Momentum Transfer > Non-drag Forces > Turbulent Dispersion Force > Dispersion Coeff. Fluid Pairs > Air at 25 C | Water > Turbulence Transfer > Option Lopez de Bertodano 0.3
*.
For dilute dispersed multiphase flow, always set the buoyancy reference density to that for continuous fluid. For details, see Buoyancy (p. 23 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling"). ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials
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Tutorial 16: Gas-Liquid Flow in an Airlift Reactor: Defining a Simulation in CFX-Pre . . This must be set to allow the Grace drag model to be used. For details, see Sparsely Distributed Fluid Particles: Grace Drag Model (p. 160 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
3. Click OK.
There are an infinite number of inlet velocity/volume fraction combinations that will produce the same mass inflow of air. The combination chosen gives an air inlet velocity close to the terminal rise velocity. Since the water inlet velocity is zero, you can adjust its volume fraction until the required mass flow rate of air is obtained for a given air inlet velocity. 1. Create a new boundary condition named Sparger. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Fluid Values Set the following Boundary Type Location Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C To this value Inlet Sparger Select
Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C > Velocity 0.3 [m s^-1] > Normal Speed Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C > Volume 0.25 Fraction > Volume Fraction Boundary Conditions > Water Boundary Conditions > Water > Velocity > Normal Speed Boundary Conditions > Water > Volume Fraction > Volume Fraction Select 0 [m s^-1] 0.75
3. Click OK. Outlet Boundary The top of the reactor will be a degassing boundary, which is classified as an outlet boundary. 1. Create a new boundary condition named Top. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Option To this value Outlet Top Degassing Condition* Page 273
Tutorial 16: Gas-Liquid Flow in an Airlift Reactor: Defining a Simulation in CFX-Pre *. For details, see Degassing Condition (multiphase only) (p. 69 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
3. Click OK. Thin Surface Draft Tube Boundary Thin surfaces are created by specifying a wall boundary condition on both sides of an internal region. If only one side has a boundary condition then the ANSYS CFX-Solver will fail. To assist with this, you can select only one side of a thin surface and then enable the Create Thin Surface Partner toggle. ANSYS CFX-Pre will then try to automatically create another boundary condition for the other side. 1. Create a new boundary condition named DraftTube. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location Create Thin Surface Partner Fluid Values Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C > Wall Influence On Flow > Option Boundary Conditions > Water Boundary Conditions > Water > Wall Influence On Flow > Option To this value Wall Draft Tube Select Select Free Slip Select No Slip
3. Click OK. A boundary condition named DraftTube Other Side will now be created automatically. Symmetry Plane In this step you will create symmetry plane boundary conditions on the Symmetry1 and Boundary Symmetry2 locators, one for each of the two vertical cross sections of the reactor sector. 1. Create a new boundary condition named SymP1. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location To this value Symmetry Symmetry1
3. Click OK. 4. Create a new boundary condition named SymP2. 5. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location To this value Symmetry Symmetry2
6. Click OK.
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The remaining external regions are assigned to the default wall boundary condition. This needs to be modified to set the Air phase to Free Slip. 1. In the Physics tab, under Flow, in BubbleColumn, edit BubbleColumn Default. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Fluid Values Set the following Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C Boundary Conditions > Air at 25 C > Wall Influence on Flow > Option To this value Select Free Slip
Since a single pressure field exists for a multiphase calculation you do not set pressure values on a per fluid basis.
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Set the following Fluid Specific Initialisation > Air at 25 C Fluid Specific Initialisation > Air at 25 C > Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity Components > Option Fluid Specific Initialisation > Air at 25 C > Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity Components > U Fluid Specific Initialisation > Air at 25 C > Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity Components > V Fluid Specific Initialisation > Air at 25 C > Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity Components > W Fluid Specific Initialisation > Water Fluid Specific Initialisation > Water > Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity Components > Option Fluid Specific Initialisation > Water > Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity Components > U Fluid Specific Initialisation > Water > Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity Components > V Fluid Specific Initialisation > Water > Initial Conditions > Cartesian Velocity Components > W Fluid Specific Initialisation > Water > Initial Conditions > Turbulence Kinetic Energy > Option Fluid Specific Initialisation > Water > Initial Conditions > Turbulence Eddy Dissipation Fluid Specific Initialisation > Water > Initial Conditions > Turbulence Eddy Dissipation > Option Fluid Specific Initialisation > Water > Initial Conditions > Volume Fraction > Option Fluid Specific Initialisation > Water > Initial Conditions > Volume Fraction > Volume Fraction
*. .
Since there is no water entering or leaving the domain, a stationary initial guess is recommended. The Volume Fractions must sum to unity over all fluids. Since a value has been set for Water, the Volume Fraction of Air will be calculated as the remaining difference, in this case, 0.
3. Click OK.
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Set the following Convergence Control > Timescale Control Convergence Control > Physical Timescale
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK. 4. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
5. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
Tutorial 16: Gas-Liquid Flow in an Airlift Reactor: Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
Displaying the Entire Airlift Reactor Geometry (p. 280 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Fine Mesh Results (p. 280 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
5. Click Apply. 6. Turn off the visibility of SymP1. 7. Create a new vector named Vector 1. 8. Apply the following settings
Modify Geometry Symbol Set the following Definition > Locations Definition > Variable Symbol Size To this value SymP1 Water.Velocity 0.3
9. Click Apply. 10. Create a new vector named Vector 2. 11. Apply the following settings
Modify Geometry Symbol Set the following Definition > Locations Definition > Variable Symbol Size To this value SymP1 Air at 25 C.Velocity 0.3
12. Click Apply. 13. Compare the vector fields by toggling the visibility of each and zooming in as needed.
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In creating the geometry for the airlift reactor, a thin surface was used to model the draft tube. You will next plot the volume fraction of air on the thin surface. 1. Select Isometric View (Y up) 2. Zoom in as required. 3. Turn on the visibility of DraftTube. 4. Modify DraftTube by applying the following settings
Modify Colour Set the following Mode Variable Range Min Max To this value Variable Air at 25 C.Volume Fraction User Specified 0 0.02
5. Click Apply. This boundary represents one side of the thin surface. When viewing plots on thin surfaces, you must ensure that you are viewing the correct side of the thin surface. The plot just created is displaying the volume fraction for air in the downcomer region of the airlift reactor. If you rotate the geometry you will see that the same plot is visible from both sides of the thin surface. You will make use of the face culling feature whichs turns off the visibility of the plot on one side of the thin surface. In this case, we need to turn off the front faces. For details, see Face Culling (p. 22 in "ANSYS CFX-Post, Release 10.0").
7. Click Apply. 8. Rotate the image in the viewer to see the effect of face culling on DraftTube. You should see that the colour appears only on one side: the downcomer side. 9. Turn on the visibility of DraftTube Other Side. 10. Colour the DraftTube Other Side object using the same Colour settings as for DraftTube.
Modify Colour Set the following Mode Variable Range Min Max To this value Variable Air at 25 C.Volume Fraction User Specified 0 0.02
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Modify Render
This will create a plot of air volume fraction on the riser side of the bubble column.
Rotating the geometry will now show correct plots of the air volume fraction on each side of the draft tube. To see why face culling was needed to prevent interference between the plots on each side of the draft tube, try turning off face culling for DraftTube and watch the effect on the riser side (Results may vary, which is why face culling was used to prevent interference.).
3. Click Apply.
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work transferred from gas to liquid due to isothermal expansion of the bubbles. The simulation therefore tends to under-predict both the superficial gas velocity in the riser, and the liquid velocity in the downcomer for gas holdup values greater than 0.03. Note: Multiphase results files contain the vector variable Fluid.Superficial Velocity defined as Fluid.Volume Fraction multiplied by Fluid.Velocity. This is sometimes also referred to as the fluid volume flux. The components of this vector variable are available as scalar variables (e.g. Fluid.Superficial Velocity X). Many reference texts on bubble columns cite the Hughmark [73] correlation as a standard for gas hold up and superficial gas velocity in bubble columns. However, the Hughmark correlation should not be used when liquid flow is concurrent with gas at velocities exceeding 0.1 m s-1. In the airlift reactor described in this tutorial, the liquid velocity in the riser clearly exceeds 0.2 m s-1 and the Hughmark correlation is therefore not applicable.
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 285 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: HVAC.pre HVAC_expressions.ccl HVACMesh.gtm TStat_Control.F
Note: Unless you have a Fortran compiler installed on your system, this tutorial should not be attempted.
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Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Radiation Buoyant Flow Boundary Conditions
Details General Mode Transient General Fluid Single Domain k-Epsilon Thermal Energy
Boundary Profile Visualisation Inlet (Profile) Outlet (Subsonic) Wall: No-Slip Wall: Adiabatic Wall: Fixed Temperature
Output Control CEL (CFX Expression Language) User Fortran Timestep Transient Results File CFX-Post Plots Animation Isosurface Point Slice Plane Other Auto Annotation Changing the Colour Range Legend MPEG Generation Timestep Selection Title/Text Transient Animation Transient Example
In this tutorial you will learn about: Using the Monte Carlo Radiation Model with a directional source of radiation. Setting a monitor point to observe the temperature at a prescribed location.
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Outlet
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Creating Expressions
This tutorial requires some CEL expressions. In this tutorial, a transient simulation will be performed over 3 minutes 45 seconds with 3 second timesteps for a total of 75 timesteps. Expressions will be used to enter these values. The expressions are also used to calculate the inlet temperature of air under different conditions. As the air conditioner will remove a specified amount of heat, the inlet vent temperature is a function of the outlet vent temperature. A CEL function is used to find the outlet temperature. For details, see CEL Variables, Functions and Constants (p. 54 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Reference Guide"). A User CEL Function is used to simulate behaviour of a thermostat that turns on cold air when the temperature (measured at a particular location) is above 22 C (295.15 K) and turns off the cold air when the temperature falls below 20 C (293.15 K). Note: The expression for TSensor requires a monitor point named Thermometer to provide room temperature feedback to the thermostat. This will be set up later. Importing the Expressions 1. Select File > Import CCL. 2. Select the file HVAC_expressions.ccl. 3. Click Open.
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Expressions are used to simulate guiding vanes at the inlet, as the following diagram shows:
Figure 1 Intended airflow direction from the roof inlet vent
Roof Inlet Vent
x=0.15
x=0.05
Wall x
The two x locations indicated on the diagram correspond to the x values across the width of the inlet vent. When x is 0.05, the z component of velocity will be -1 and the x component will be zero. When x is 0.15, the x component of velocity will be 0.5 and the z component will be -0.5. The x component of velocity varies linearly with x. The following expression can be used to calculate the x component of velocity:
(Eqn. 1)
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3. Select Tools > Command Editor. 4. Type the following command in the Command Editor (make sure you do not miss the semi-colon at the end of the line):
! system (cfx5mkext TStat_Control.F) == 0 or die cfx5mkext failed;
The ! indicates that the following line is to be interpreted as power syntax and not CCL. Everything after the ! symbol is processed as Perl commands. system is a Perl function to execute a system command. The == 0 or die will cause an error message to be returned if, for some reason, there is an error in processing the command.
5. Click Process to compile the subroutine. Note: You can use the -double option (i.e. cfx5mkext -double TStat_Control.F) to compile the subroutine for use with double precision ANSYS CFX-Solver executables. A subdirectory will have been created in your working directory whose name is system dependent (e.g. on IRIX it is named irix). This sub directory contains the shared object library. Note: If you are running problems in parallel over multiple platforms then you will need to create these subdirectories using the cfx5mkext command for each different platform. You can view more details about the cfx5mkext command by running
cfx5mkext -help.
You can set a Library Name and Library Path using the -name and -dest options respectively. If these are not specified, the default Library Name is that of your FORTRAN file and the default Library Path is your current working directory.
1. Close the Command Editor. Creating the User CEL Function A User CEL Function is required to link the subroutine into ANSYS CFX. The complete definition for the function is defined in two steps. First, a User Routine that contains the Calling Name, Library Name and Library Path is created. Then, a User Function that points to the User Routine, and also contains the Argument and Result Units is defined. The first step defines the location of the required files: 1. Select Create > Library Objects > User Routine or click User Routine 2. Create a new user routine named Thermostat Routine. 3. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Option Calling Name Library Name Library Path To this value User CEL Function ac_on* TStat_Control Working Directory
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Tutorial 17: Air Conditioning Simulation: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre *. This is the name of the subroutine within the FORTRAN file. Always use lower case letters for the Calling Name, even if the subroutine name in the FORTRAN file is in upper case. This is the name passed to the cfx5mkext command by the -name option. If the -name option is not specified, a default is used. The default is the FORTRAN file name without the .F extension. Set this to your working directory.
4. Click OK.
The next step defines the routine name and arguments.
5. Create a new user function named Thermostat Function. 6. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Option Argument Units Result Units *. . To this value User Function [K], [K], [K], []* []
These are the units for the four input arguments: TSensor, TSet, TTol, and aitern. The result will be a dimensionless integer flag
7. Click OK.
The function you have just prepared is called during the evaluation of the expression for ACOn (that you imported earlier). The expression is: Thermostat Function(TSensor,TSet,TTol,aitern) It evaluates to 1 or 0, depending on whether the air conditioner should be on (1) or off (0).
3. Click OK.
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Set the following Basic Settings > Location Fluids List Domain Models > Pressure > Reference Pressure Domain Models > Buoyancy > Option Domain Models > Buoyancy > Gravity X Dirn. Domain Models > Buoyancy > Gravity Y Dirn. Domain Models > Buoyancy > Gravity Z Dirn. Domain Models > Buoyancy > Buoy. Ref. Temp
To this value Assembly Air at 25 C 1 [atm] Buoyant 0 [m s^-2] 0 [m s^-2] -g 298 [K] Thermal Energy Monte Carlo
Fluid Models
Heat Transfer Model > Option Thermal Radiation Model > Option
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK. Note: Ignore the physics errors that appear. They will be fixed by setting up the rest of the simulation. The error you see is due to a reference to Thermometer which has not been set up yet. This will be done as part of the Output Control. Outlet Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named VentOut. 2. Apply the following settings
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Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Relative Pressure
3. Click OK. Window Boundary To model incoming radiation at the window boundaries, a directional radiation source will be created. The windows will also contribute heat to the room via a fixed temperature of 26 [C]. 1. Create a new boundary condition named Windows. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Boundary Type Location To this value Wall Window1, Window2 Temperature 26 [C]
Boundary Heat Transfer > Option Details Heat Transfer > Fixed Temperature
4. Create a new Radiation Source item by clicking 5. Apply the following settings
Modify Set the following
To this value Select Directional Radiation Flux 600 [W m^-2] Cartesian Components 0.33 0.33 -0.33
Radiation Radiation Source 1 Source Radiation Source 1 > Option Radiation Source 1 > Radiation Flux Radiation Source 1 > Direction > Option Radiation Source 1 > Direction > X Component Radiation Source 1 > Direction > Y Component Radiation Source 1 > Direction > Z Component
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Figure 2
Window2
7. Click OK.
The directional source of radiation is displayed, and should agree with Figure 2.
The default boundary condition for any undefined surface in ANSYS CFX-Pre is a no-slip, smooth, adiabatic wall. For radiation purposes, the default wall is assumed to be a perfectly absorbing and emitting surface (emissivity = 1), and this will be preserved when setting up the boundary condition. In this tutorial, a fixed temperature of 26 C will be assumed to exist at the wall during the simulation. A more detailed analysis would model heat transfer through the walls, but as this tutorial is designed only for demonstration purposes, a fixed temperature wall is more simple. 1. Modify the boundary condition named Room Default. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Set the following To this value Temperature 26 [C]
Boundary Heat Transfer > Option Details Heat Transfer > Fixed Temperature
3. Click OK.
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This setting will include the Door region, which will be modelled as a wall (closed door) for simplicity. Since the region is part of the entire default boundary, it will not appear in the wireframe when the results file is opened in ANSYS CFX-Post (but can still be viewed in the Regions list).
Turbulence Eddy Dissipation > Eddy Length Scale Select Turbulence Eddy Dissipation > Eddy Length Scale 0.25 [m] > Eddy Length Scale Radiation Intensity > Blackbody Temperature Radiation Intensity > Blackbody Temperature > Blackbody Temperature Select 22 [C]
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK.
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Transient Results 1 > Time Interval > Time Interval tStep Transient Results 1 > Output Variable Operators > All* Output Var. Operators *. This causes the gradients of the selected variables to be written to the transient files, along with other information. For details, see Output Variable Operators check box (p. 226 in "ANSYS CFX-Pre, Release 10.0").
6. Create a new Monitor Points and Expressions item named Temp at Inlet. 7. Apply the following settings
Modify Temp at Inlet Set the following Option Expression Value To this value Expression TIn
8. Create a new Monitor Points and Expressions item named Thermometer. 9. Apply the following settings
Modify Set the following To this value Temperature 2.95, 1.5, 1.25
10. Create a new Monitor Points and Expressions item named Temp at VentOut. 11. Apply the following settings
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Tutorial 17: Air Conditioning Simulation: Obtaining a Solution using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
12. Create a new Monitor Points and Expressions item named ACOnStatus. 13. Apply the following settings
Modify Set the following To this value Expression ACOn
4. When Start ANSYS CFX-Post appears, turn on Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
Plane Locators
1. Load the res file (HVAC_001.res) if you did not elect to load the results directly from the Solver Manager. 2. Select Isometric View (Z up) .
3. Create a ZX Plane named Plane 1 with Y=1.5 [m]. Colour it by Temperature using a User Specified Range from 19 [C] to 23 [C], and turn off Lighting. 4. Create an XY Plane named Plane 2 with Z=0.35 [m]. Colour it using the same settings as for the first plane, and turn off Lighting. Isosurface Locator 1. Create an isosurface named Cold Plume which is a surface of Temperature=19 [C]. Use conservative values for Temperature. 2. Colour the isosurface by Temperature and use the same range as for the planes. Although the colour of the isosurface will not show variation (by definition), it will be consistent with the other graphic objects. 3. On the Render panel for the isosurface, set Transparency to 0.5, and turn off Lighting. 4. Click Apply. Note: The isosurface will not be visible in some timesteps, but you will be able to see it when playing the animation (a step carried out later). Adjusting the Legend The Legend title should not name the locator of any particular object since all objects are coloured by the same variable and use the same range. 1. In the Object Selector, expand View Control, then double-click Default Legend. 2. In the Object Editor, change Title Mode to Variable.
This removes the locator name from the Legend.
3. Click the Appearance tab, then: a. Change Precision to 2, Fixed. b. Change Text Height to 0.03. 4. Click Apply. A label will be used to show the simulation time and the temperature of the thermometer which controls the thermostat. This will be especially useful for the animation which is created later in this tutorial. Before creating the label, you will need to support the expression for TSensor by creating a point called Thermometer at the location of the sensor thermometer. This point will replace the monitor point called Thermometer which was used during the solver run, but no longer exists. Note: The actual thermometer data generated during the run was stored in the results file, but is not easily accessible, and cannot currently be used in an auto-annotation label. Creating a Point for the Thermometer 1. Click Create > Location > Point 2. Set Name to Thermometer. 3. Set Point to (2.95,1.5,1.25). 4. Click Apply. Now the expression TSensor will once again measure temperature at the prescribed location. .
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2. Accept the default name and click OK. 3. Set Text String to Time Elapsed:
(without the quotes).
6. Click More.
This adds a second line of text to the text object.
8. Turn on Embed Auto Annotation. 9. Set Type to Expression. 10. Set Expression to TSensor. 11. Click the Appearance tab, change Height to 0.03, then click Apply. A label appears at the top of the figure. The large font is used so that the text will be clearly visible in the animation which will be produced in the next section.
Creating an Animation
1. Ensure that the view is set to Isometric View (Z up) 2. Click Show Timestep Selector The Timestep Selector appears. . .
3. Double-click Time Step 0 in the Timestep Selector. 4. Click Show Animation Editor
The Animation Editor appears.
b. Highlight KeyframeNo1 in the Keyframe Creation and Editing list, change # of Frames to 200 in the box labelled # of Frames, then press <Enter> while in the # of Frames box. Tip: Be sure to press <Enter> and confirm that the new number appears in the list before continuing.
This will place 200 intermediate frames between the first and (yet to be created) second key frames, for a total of 202 frames. This will produce an animation lasting about 8.8 s since the frame rate will be 24 frames per second. Since there are 76 unique frames, each frame will be shown at least once.
6. Load the last Time Value (225 s) using the Timestep Selector. 7. In the Animation Editor: a. Click New to create KeyframeNo2. button to expand the Animation Editor.
The # of Frames parameter has no effect for the last Keyframe, so leave it at the default value.
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d. Specify a file name for the MPEG file. Tip: Remember to include the .mpg extension. e. Click the Options button. f. Change MPEG Size to 720 x 480 (or a similar resolution). g. Click the Advanced tab, and note the Quality setting. If your MPEG player does not play the MPEG, you can try using the Low or Custom quality settings. h. Click OK. i. j. Click To Beginning to rewind the active key frame to KeyframeNo1. and save the animation to a file. This will enable
you to quickly restore the animation in case you want to make changes. Animations are not restored by loading ordinary state files (those with the .cst extension). 8. Click Play The Animation .
10. When you have finished, quit ANSYS CFX-Post. Further Steps 1. This tutorial uses an aggressive value for the flow rate of air, a coarse mesh, and the timesteps are too large for a satisfactory analysis. Running this tutorial with a finer mesh, a flow rate of air that is closer to 5 changes of air per hour (0.03 m3 s-1), and smaller timesteps will produce more accurate results. 2. Running the simulation for a longer total time period will allow you to see more on/off cycles of the thermostat.
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 301 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: CombustorEDM.pre CombustorFlamelet.pre CombustorMesh.gtm
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Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Features explored in this tutorial
Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Combustion Radiation Boundary Conditions
Details General Mode Steady State Reacting Mixture Single Domain k-Epsilon Thermal Energy
Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Subsonic) Wall: No-Slip Wall: Adiabatic Wall: Thin Surface
Physical Timescale Outline Plot (Wireframe) Sampling Plane Slice Plane Vector
Other
In this tutorial you will learn about: Creating thin surfaces for the inlet vanes. Using a Reacting Mixture. Using the Eddy Dissipation Combustion Model. Using the Flamelet Model. Changing the Combustion model in a simulation. Using the P1 Radiation Model in ANSYS CFX-Pre. Using the Discrete Transfer Radiation Model in ANSYS CFX-Pre. Using the NOx model in ANSYS CFX-Pre. Changing object colour maps in ANSYS CFX-Post to prepare a greyscale image.
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Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Before beginning this tutorial
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Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Overview of the problem to solve
There are six side air inlets, each with a surface area of 2 cm2
There are six small fuel inlets, each with a surface area of 0.14 cm2. Main air inlet. The inlet is guided by vanes to give the air a swirling velocity component. Total surface area is 57 cm2
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Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
3. Click OK.
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Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre *. The Methane Air WD1 NO PDF reaction specifies complete combustion of the fuel into its products in a single-step reaction. The formation of NO is also modelled and occurs in an additional reaction step. Click to display the Reactions List dialog box, then click Load Library Data from a File and select the appropriate reaction to import. Setting the radiation properties explicitly will significantly shorten the solution time since the ANSYS CFX-Solver will not have to calculate radiation mixture properties. For details, see Radiation Properties (p. 50 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
3. Click OK. To modify the Methane Oxygen WD1 reaction 1. Click the Reactions tab. 2. Edit Methane Oxygen WD1. 3. Apply the following settings:
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Reaction or Combustion Model Reaction or Combustion Model > Option Reaction or Combustion Model > Eddy Dissipation Model Coefficient B To this value Select Eddy Dissipation Select
Reaction or Combustion Model > Eddy 0.5 Dissipation Model Coefficient B > EDM Coeff. B
This turns on the Product Limiter. For details, see Products Limiter (p. 207 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Theory"). When it is turned on, non-zero initial values are required for the products (these will be set later). The products limiter is not recommended for multi-step eddy dissipation reactions, and so is set for this single step reaction only.
4. Click OK.
It is important to set a realistic reference pressure in this tutorial because the components of Methane Air Mixture are ideal gases. For details, see Setting a Reference Pressure (p. 22 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
3. 4. Click OK.
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Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
3. Click OK. Bottom Air Inlet Boundary Two separate boundary conditions will be applied for the incoming air. The first is at the base of the can combustor. The can combustor employs vanes downstream of the fuel inlet to give the incoming air a swirling velocity. 1. Create a new boundary condition named airin. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Normal Speed Heat Transfer > Static Temperature Component Details > 02 Component Details > 02 > Mass Fraction *. To this value Inlet airin 10 [m s^-1] 300 [K] Select 0.232*
The remaining mass fraction at the inlet will be made up from the Constraint component, N2
3. Click OK. Side Air Inlet Boundary The secondary air inlets are located on the side of the vessel and introduce extra air to aid combustion. 1. Create a new boundary condition named secairin. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Option To this value Inlet secairin Normal Speed
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Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre Modify Set the following Mass and Momentum > Normal Speed Heat Transfer > Option Heat Transfer > Static Temperature Component Details > 02 Component Details > 02 > Mass Fraction *. To this value 6 [m s^-1] Static Temperature 300 [K] Select 0.232*
The remaining mass fraction at the inlet will be made up from the Constraint component, N2
3. Click OK. Outlet Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named out. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Option Mass and Momentum > Relative Pressure To this value Outlet out Average Static Pressure 0 [Pa]
3. Click OK. Vanes Boundary The vanes above the main air inlet are to be modelled as thin surfaces. To create a vane as a thin surface in ANSYS CFX-Pre, you must specify a wall boundary condition on each side of the vanes. The Create Thin Surface Partner feature in ANSYS CFX-Pre will automatically match the other side of a thin surface if you pick just a single side. You will first create a new region which contains one side of each of the eight vanes, then use the Create Thin Surface Partner feature to match the other side. 1. Create a new region named Vane Surfaces. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Set the following Dimension Region List To this value 2D* F1.B1.P3, F3.B3.P3, F48.B3.P3, F50.B3.P3, F52.B3.P3, F53.B3.P3, F7.B3.P3, F9.B3.P3
*.
3. Click OK. 4. Create a new boundary condition named vanes. 5. Apply the following settings
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Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Defining a Simulation in ANSYS CFX-Pre
Set the following Boundary Type Location Create Thin Surface Partner
*.
This feature will attempt to match all primitives specified in the location list to create a thin surface boundary condition. For details, see Create Thin Surface Partner (p. 170 in "ANSYS CFX-Pre, Release 10.0").
6. Click OK. Default Wall Boundary The default boundary condition for any undefined surface in ANSYS CFX-Pre is a no-slip, smooth, adiabatic wall. For radiation purposes, the wall is assumed to be a perfectly absorbing and emitting surface (emissivity = 1). The wall is non-catalytic, i.e. it does not take part in the reaction.
Since this tutorial serves as a basic model, heat transfer through the wall is neglected. As a result, no further boundary conditions need to be defined.
The initial conditions assume the domain consists entirely of air and the fraction of oxygen in air is 0.232.
3. Click OK.
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Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Obtaining a Solution using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
2. Under Convergence Control, set Timescale Control to Physical Timescale, set Physical Timescale to 0.025 [s], and leave Max. Iterations set to 100. 3. Click OK.
3. Click OK. 4. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file.
5. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
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Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
3. Click Apply. The large area of high temperature through most of the vessel is due to forced convection.
3. Click Apply.
Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Viewing Results in ANSYS CFX-Post
3. Click Apply.
3. Click Calculate. A small amount of NO is released from the outlet of the Combustor. This amount is lower than can normally be expected, and is mainly due to the coarse mesh and the short residence times in the combustor.
5. Click Apply. 6. Create a new plane named Plane 2. 7. Apply the following settings
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Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Laminar Flamelet and Discrete Transfer Models
Modify Geometry
Set the following Definition > Method Definition > Z Plane Bounds > Type Plane Bounds > X Size Plane Bounds > Y Size Plane Type > Sample Plane Type > X Samples Plane Type > Y Samples Visibility
To this value XY Plane 0.03 Rectangular 0.5 [m] 0.5 [m] Select 30 30 Clear
11. Click Apply. To view of the swirling velocity field, select View Towards -Z .
You may also want to turn off the Wireframe visibility. In the region near the fuel and air inlets, the swirl component of momentum (theta direction) results in increased mixing with the surrounding fluid and a higher residence time in this region. As a result, more fuel is burned.
Viewing Radiation
Try examining the distribution of Incident Radiation and Radiation Intensity throughout the domain. When you are finished, quit ANSYS CFX-Post.
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Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Laminar Flamelet and Discrete Transfer Models
5. Select File > Save Simulation As. 6. Save the simulation as CombustorFlamelet.cfx.
This creates a separate simulation file which will be modified to use the Laminar Flamelet and Discrete Transfer models.
to display the Reactions List dialog box, then click Load Library Data from and select the appropriate reaction to import.
4. Click OK.
Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Laminar Flamelet and Discrete Transfer Models *. Select these one at a time and check each of them.
4. Click OK.
3. Click OK. Bottom Air Inlet Boundary 1. Modify the boundary condition named airin. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Boundary Details Set the following Mixture > Option Component Details > NO Component Details > NO > Option Component Details > NO > Mass Fraction To this value Oxidiser Select Mass Fraction 0
3. Click OK. Side Air Inlet Boundary 1. Modify the boundary condition named secairin. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Boundary Details Set the following Mixture > Option Component Details > NO Component Details > NO > Option Component Details > NO > Mass Fraction To this value Oxidiser Select Mass Fraction 0
3. Click OK.
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Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Laminar Flamelet and Discrete Transfer Models
Set the following Initial Conditions > Component Details > NO Initial Conditions > Component Details > NO > Option Initial Conditions > Component Details > NO > Mass Fraction
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK. 4. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
Obtaining a Solution
When ANSYS CFX-Pre has shut down and the ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager has started, obtain a solution to the CFD problem by following the instructions below. 1. Ensure Define Run is displayed.
The Definition File should be CombustorFlamelet.def.
Tutorial 18: Combustion and Radiation in a Can Combustor: Laminar Flamelet and Discrete Transfer Models
ANSYS CFX-Solver runs and attempts to obtain a solution. This can take a long time depending on your system. Eventually a dialog box is displayed.
5. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
3. Click OK. Viewing the NO 1. Modify the plane named Plane 1. concentration in 2. Apply the following settings the Combustor
Modify Colour Set the following Mode > Variable To this value NO.Mass Fraction
3. Click Apply. Calculating NO Concentration The next calculation shows the amount of NO at the outlet. 1. Select Tools > Function Calculator or click the Tools tab and select Function Calculator. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Function Calculator Set the following Function Location Variable To this value massFlowAve out NO.Mass Fraction
3. Click Calculate. Viewing CO Concentration The next plot will show the concentration of CO (carbon monoxide), which is a by-product of incomplete combustion and is poisonous in significant concentrations. As you will see, the highest values are very close to the fuel inlet and in the regions of highest temperature. 1. Modify the plane named Plane 1. 2. Apply the following settings
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Modify Colour
3. Click Apply. Calculating CO Mass Fraction at the Outlet In the next step, you will calculate the mass fraction of CO in the outlet stream. 1. Select Tools > Function Calculator or click the Tools tab and select Function Calculator. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Function Calculator Set the following Function Location Variable To this value massFlowAve out CO.Mass Fraction
3. Click Calculate.
There is approximately 0.4% CO by mass in the outlet stream.
Further Postprocessing
1. Try putting some plots of your choice into the Viewer. You can plot the concentration of other species and compare values to those found for the Eddy Dissipation Model. 2. Examine the distribution of Incident Radiation and Radiation Intensity throughout the domain.
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Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 319 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: Hydrofoil.pre HydrofoilExperimentalCp.csv HydrofoilGrid.grd HydrofoilIni.pre
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HydrofoilIni_001.res
Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Multiphase Boundary Conditions
Details General Mode Steady State General Fluid Single Domain k-Epsilon Isothermal Inlet (Subsonic) Outlet (Subsonic) Symmetry Plane Wall: No-Slip Wall: Free-Slip
Physical Timescale Contour Line Locator Polyline Slice Plane Streamline Vector
Other
In this tutorial you will learn about: Modelling flow with cavitation. Using vector reduction in ANSYS CFX-Post to clarify a vector plot with many arrows. Importing and exporting data along a polyline. Plotting computed and experimental results.
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16.91 m s^-1
In this tutorial, an initial solution with no cavitation is generated to provide an accurate initial guess for a full cavitation solution, which is generated afterwards.
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Loading materials
Since this tutorial uses Water Vapour at 25 C we need to load this material. 1. Click the Materials tab. 2. Click Load Material Data from a File 3. Expand Water Data. 4. Select Water Vapour at 25 C. 5. Click OK. .
3. Click OK.
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Boundary Conditions > Water Vapour at 25 C > 0 Volume Fraction > Volume Fraction
3. Click OK. Outlet Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named Outlet. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Option Mass and Momentum > Relative Pressure To this value Outlet OUT Static Pressure 51957 [Pa]
3. Click OK. Free Slip Wall Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named SlipWalls. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Wall Influence on Flow > Option To this value Wall BOT, TOP Free Slip
3. Click OK. Symmetry Plane 1. Create a new boundary condition named Symmetry. Boundary 2. Apply the following settings
ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials Page 321
3. Click OK.
Fluid Specific Initialisation > Water Vapour at 25 C > Initial Automatic with Value Conditions > Volume Fraction > Option Fluid Specific Initialisation > Water Vapour at 25 C > Initial 0 Conditions > Volume Fraction > Volume Fraction
3. Click OK.
For the Convergence Criteria, an RMS value of at least 1e-05 is usually required for adequate convergence, but the default value is sufficient for demonstration purposes. For details, see Judging Convergence (p. 341 in "ANSYS CFX-Solver, Release 10.0: Modelling").
3. Click OK.
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Tutorial 19: Cavitation Around a Hydrofoil: Obtaining a Solution using ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
3. Click OK. 4. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
5. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
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Tutorial 19: Cavitation Around a Hydrofoil: Viewing the Results of the Initial Simulation
3. Click Apply. 4. Create a new polyline named Foil. 5. Apply the following settings
Modify Geometry Set the following Method Boundary List Intersect With To this value Boundary Intersection WaterTank Default Slice
6. Click Apply.
Zoom in on the center of the hydrofoil (near the cavity) to confirm the polyline wraps around the hydrofoil.
7. Create a new variable named Pressure Coefficient. 8. Apply the following settings
Set the following Expression To this value (Pressure-51957[Pa])/(0.5*996.2[kg m^-3]*16.91[m s^-1]^2)
9. Click Apply. 10. Create a new variable named Chord. 11. Apply the following settings
Set the following Expression To this value (X-minVal(X)@WING)/(maxVal(X)@Foil-minVal(X)@Foil)
This creates a normalised chord, measured in the X direction, ranging from 0 at the leading edge to 1 at the trailing edge of the hydrofoil.
12. Click Apply. Note: Although the variables that were just created are only needed at points along the polyline, they exist throughout the domain. Now that the variables Chord and Pressure Coefficient exist, they can be associated with the previously defined polyline (the locator) to form a chart line. This chart line will be added to the chart object, which is created next. 1. Select the Chart Viewer tab (at the bottom of the viewer). 2. Create a new chart named Pressure Coefficient Distribution. 3. Apply the following settings
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Tutorial 19: Cavitation Around a Hydrofoil: Viewing the Results of the Initial Simulation
Modify Chart
Set the following Title Labels > Use Data For Axis Label Labels > X Axis Labels > Y Axis
To this value Pressure Coefficient Distribution Clear Normalised Chord Position Pressure Coefficient Solver Cp Foil Chord Pressure Coefficient Clear 0 1 Clear -0.5 0.4 Select
Chart Line 1
Axes
X Axis > Determine Ranges Automatically X Axis > Min X Axis > Max Y Axis > Determine Ranges Automatically Y Axis > Min Y Axis > Max Y Axis > Invert Axis
4. Click Apply.
3. Click Save.
The file NoCavCpData.csv will be written in the working directory.
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In the next part of this tutorial, the solver will be run with cavitation turned on. Similar post-processing follows, and the effect of cavitation on the pressure distribution around the hydrofoil will be illustrated in a chart.
Modifying physics
1. Double-click WaterTank in the Physics tab. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Fluid Pairs Set the following Fluid Pairs > Mass Transfer > Option Fluid Pairs > Mass Transfer > Cavitation Model > Saturation Pressure Fluid Pairs > Mass Transfer > Cavitation Model > Saturation Pressure > Saturation Pressure *. To this value Cavitation Select 3574 [Pa]*
Although saturation pressure is optional, it must be set for this example. It is optional because saturation pressure can also be set by setting a homogeneous binary mixture, but one has not been used in this tutorial. For details, see Materials Editor: Homogeneous Binary Mixture (p. 101 in "ANSYS CFX-Pre, Release 10.0").
3. Click Ok.
Modifying physics
1. Edit the Solver Control. 2. Apply the following settings
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3. Click OK.
3. Click OK. 4. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
6. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
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exported earlier). A file containing experimental data will also be imported and added to the plot. The resulting chart will show all three sets of data (solver data with cavitation, solver data without cavitation, and experimental data). 1. Select File > Load State. 2. Clear Load RES file. 3. Select Cp_Plot.cst. 4. Click Open. 5. Click the Chart Viewer tab.
CFX Post File Edit Session Create Viewer Tools Help
6. In the Objects Workspace, double-click the chart object Pressure Coefficient Distribution. 7. Click the Chart Line 1 tab. 8. Apply the following setting
Modify Chart Line 1 Set the following Line Name To this value Solver Cp - with cavitation
This reflects the fact that the user-defined variable Pressure Coefficient is now based on the current results.
9. Click Apply to update Chart Line 1. You will now add the chart line from the first simulation. 1. Create a new polyline named NoCavCpPolyline. 2. Apply the following setting
Modify Geometry Set the following File To this value NoCavCpData.csv
3. Click Apply.
The data in the file is used to create a polyline with values of Pressure Coefficient and Chord stored at each point on it. Zoom in on the center of the hydrofoil (near the cavity) to confirm the polyline wraps around the hydrofoil.
4. In the Objects Workspace, double-click the chart object Pressure Coefficient Distribution. 5. Click the Chart Line 1 tab. 6. Click New Line.
A new tab named Chart Line 2 replaces the Chart Line 1 tab.
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Set the following Line Name Locator X Axis > Variable Y Axis > Variable
To this value Solver Cp - no cavitation NoCavCpPolyline Chord on NoCavCpPolyline Pressure Coefficient on NoCavCpPolyline
8. Click Apply.
The chart line (containing data from the first solution) is created, added to the chart object, and displayed in the Chart Viewer.
You will now add a chart line to show experimental results. 1. The experimental results are provided in the file HydrofoilExperimentalCp.csv. 2. Click New Line. 3. Apply the following setting
Modify Chart Line 3 Set the following Type Line Name File Appearance > Line Style Appearance > Symbols To this value From File Experimental Cp - with cavitation HydrofoilExperimentalCp.cs v None Rectangle
4. Click Apply.
The chart line (containing experimental data) is created, added to the chart object, and displayed in the Chart Viewer.
If you wish to print the chart, select File > Print from the main menu while the Chart Viewer is visible (not when the 3D Viewer is visible). This will allow you to print the chart to an image file.
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Page 330
Additional information about the tutorials is available: If this is the first tutorial you are working with it is important to review all of the following topics before beginning. Working Directory (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial Files (p. 14 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Before beginning this tutorial (p. 332 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
Sample files used in this tutorial should be copied to your working directory from the installation folder for your software (<CFXROOT>/examples/) to avoid overwriting source files provided with your installation. Sample files referenced by this tutorial include: valvefsi (directory) ValveFSI.pre ValveFSI_expressions.ccl ValveFSIUserF.pre ValveFSI.out
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Component CFX-Pre
Feature User Mode Simulation Type Fluid Type Domain Type Turbulence Model Heat Transfer Output Control CEL (CFX Expression Language) User Fortran Boundary Conditions
Details General Mode Transient General Fluid Single Domain k-Epsilon None
Other
In this tutorial you will learn about: Moving Mesh. Fluid-Solid Interaction (without modelling solid deformation). MPEG creation. Monitor Points.
Tutorial 20: Fluid Structure Interaction and Mesh Deformation: Overview of the problem to solve
Tutorial 1: Flow in a Static Mixer (p. 17 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial 2: Flow in a Static Mixer (Refined Mesh) (p. 53 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials") Tutorial 3: Flow in a Process Injection Mixing Pipe (p. 75 in "ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials")
The ball is modelled as a cavity region with a simulated spring force acting downwards.
Gravity The ball is shown in the zero-displacemen t position. In this position, the spring applies no force to the ball.
4 mm y x
15 mm
Tank Region 10 mm
Check valves are commonly used to allow uni-directional flow. The check-valve in this tutorial is located on the top of a tank, and acts as a pressure-relieving valve by moving to allow fluid to leave. The ball is connected to a spring that acts to push the ball downward when the ball is raised above the y=0 position. The forces on the ball are gravity, force due to the spring, and force due to fluid flow. The ball is represented as a cavity region in the mesh. The deformation of the ball is not modelled. The tutorial is divided into two parts. In the first part, the motion of the ball is controlled by CEL expressions which account for the forces acting on the ball, including the force imparted by the flow. In the second part of the tutorial, the motion of the ball is controlled
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by a Junction Box Routine that updates the ball position at the start of each time step by loading mesh coordinate files from a set of such files. The mesh coordinate files and required FORTRAN routines are provided with this tutorial.
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According to Newtons Second Law, the time rate of change in the balls linear momentum is proportional to the net force acting on the ball. In differential form, the equation to be solved for the motion of the ball is:
(Eqn. 1)
where mBall is the mass of the ball (which is constant), velBall is the velocity of the ball in the y coordinate direction, and FFlow, FSpring and FGrav are, respectively, the flow (viscous and drag), spring, and gravitational forces acting on the ball. The left hand side of the equation is discretised to include an expression for the new displacement of the ball (relative to the springs neutral position). The time derivative of the ball velocity is discretised as:
(Eqn. 2)
(Eqn. 3)
(Eqn. 4)
The discrete form of the equation of motion for the ball is re-assembled, and the ball displacement is isolated as:
velBallOld dBallOld FFlow FGrav + mBall ------------------------------------------- + mBall --------------------------------------- 2 tStep tStep dBallNew = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------mBall kSpring + ------------ 2 tStep
(Eqn. 5)
No further substitutions are required because all of these quantities are available through the CFX Expression Language as presented below.
Tutorial 20: Fluid Structure Interaction and Mesh Deformation: Using CEL Expressions to Govern Mesh Deformation
Modify Definition
*.
Use the built-in browser and select the file from the valvefsi directory.
3. Click OK.
2. Select ValveFSI_expressions.ccl 3. Click Open. You can review the imported expressions within the Expressions tab.
3. Click OK.
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Tutorial 20: Fluid Structure Interaction and Mesh Deformation: Using CEL Expressions to Govern Mesh Deformation *. Click the Ellipsis icon, then click Load Library Data from a File and expand Constant Property Liquids, then select Methanol CH4O and click OK, then select Methanol CH4O and click OK.
3. Click OK. Mesh motion specifications are applied to two and three dimensional regions of the domain (i.e. boundaries and subdomains, respectively) as follows: The mesh motion specification for the ball will be displacement the y-direction according to the CEL expression dBallNew (which happens to be a single CEL variable). The mesh motion specification for the walls of the valve housing will be Unspecified.
This settings allows the mesh nodes to move freely. The motion of the mesh points on this boundary will be strongly influenced by the motion of the ball. Since the ball moves vertically, the surrounding mesh nodes will also move vertically and will therefore remain on the valve housing. This mesh motion specification helps to preserve the quality of the mesh on the upper surface of the ball.
The mesh motion specifications for the tank opening and tank volume will be Stationary.
The stationary tank volume ensures that the mesh does not fold at the sharp corner that exists where the valve joins the tank. The stationary mesh for the tank opening prevents the mesh nodes from moving (If the tank opening had unspecified mesh motion, the mesh nodes on this boundary would move vertically and separate from the non-vertical parts of the boundary.).
3. Click OK. Symmetry Boundary Since a 2D representation of the flow field is being modelled (using a 3D mesh with one element thickness in the Z direction) symmetry boundaries will be created on the low and high Z 2D regions of the mesh. 1. Create a new boundary condition named Sym. 2. Apply the following settings
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3. Click OK. Vertical Valve Wall Boundary condition 1. Create a new boundary condition named ValveVertWalls. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Wall Influence On Flow > Wall Velocity Relative To Wall Influence On Flow > Wall Velocity Relative To > Wall Vel. Rel. To Mesh Motion Mesh Motion > Option To this value Wall VPIPE LOWX, VPIPE HIGHX Select Boundary Frame Unspecified
3. Click OK. Tank Opening Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named TankOpen. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Option Mass and Momentum > Relative Pressure Turbulence > Option To this value Opening BOTTOM Static Pres. (Entrain) 6 [atm] Zero Gradient
3. Click OK. Valve Opening Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named ValveOpen. 2. Apply the following settings
Modify Basic Settings Boundary Details Set the following Boundary Type Location Mass and Momentum > Option Mass and Momentum > Relative Pressure Turbulence > Option Mesh Motion Mesh Motion > Option To this value Opening TOP Static Pres. (Entrain) 0 [atm] Zero Gradient Stationary
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3. Click OK. Note: Opening boundary types are used to allow the flow to leave and re-enter the domain across the inflow and outflow boundaries. This behaviour is expected due to the oscillatory motion of the ball and due to the potentially large region of flow re-circulation that will occur on the downstream side of the ball.
3. Click OK.
3. Click OK.
Convergence Control > Minimum 2 Number of Coefficient Loops > Min. Coeff. Loops
3. Click OK.
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5. Click the Monitor tab. 6. Select Monitor Options. 7. Under Monitor Points and Expressions: a. Click New. b. Set Name to Ball Displacement. c. Set Option to Expression. d. Set Expression Value, to dBallOld. 8. Click OK.
3. Click OK. 4. If you are notified the file already exists, click Overwrite.
This file is provided in the tutorial directory and may exist in your working folder if you have copied it there.
5. Quit ANSYS CFX-Pre, saving the simulation (.cfx) file at your discretion.
3. Click OK.
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Tutorial 20: Fluid Structure Interaction and Mesh Deformation: Using CEL Expressions to Govern Mesh Deformation
5. If using ANSYS CFX-Solver in Standalone Mode, select Shut down Solver Manager, and then click OK.
example: 0, 20, 45, 85, 125). You will see the ball in different positions. The mesh deformation will also be visible. The maximum displacement occurs at around 20 timesteps (as was shown in the ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager), which is before the ball reaches equilibrium.
b. Highlight KeyframeNo1 in the Keyframe Creation and Editing list, then change # of Frames to 148. This will produce an animation keyframe at each timestep, resulting in an MPEG that plays for just over six seconds. 5. Load the last Timestep (150) using the Timestep Selector. 6. In the Animation Editor:
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a. Click New
The # of Frames parameter has no effect for the last Keyframe, so leave it at the default value.
d. On the Options tab, change the mpeg size to 720 X 480 (NTSC). e. Click the Advanced tab, then set Quality to Custom. f. Turn off Variable Bit Rate and set Bit Rate to 3000000.
This limits the bit rate so that the movie will play in most players. You can lower this value if your player cannot handle this bit rate.
g. Click OK. h. Select Save MPEG. i. Click Browse MPEG file. next to the MPEG File data box to set a path and file name for the
The file extension .mpg will NOT be added if you leave it out. If the file path is not given, the file will be saved in the directory from which ANSYS CFX-Post was launched.
j.
k. Frame 1 is not loaded (The loaded frame is shown in the middle of the Animation Editor, beside F:). Click To Beginning frame to load. l. Click Play The Animation . to load it then wait a few seconds for the
The MPEG will be created as the animation proceeds. This will be slow, since a time step must be loaded and objects must be created for each frame. To view the MPEG file, you need to use a viewer that supports the MPEG format.
Tutorial 20: Fluid Structure Interaction and Mesh Deformation: Using a Junction Box Routine to Govern Mesh
To prepare the working directory, copy the files and sub-directories contained in <CFXROOT>/examples/valvefsi into your working directory. The working directory should now contain the initial mesh file (ValveFSI.out), plus two sub-directories. The meshes sub-directory contains meshes for one period of ball motion, with an amplitude of 1 mm, in the sequence of files CheckValve.0 to CheckValve.19. The juncbox sub-directory contains the Fortran source files that are used in the Junction Box Routine that will read the sequence of mesh files. The subroutines contained in these files are summarized as: update_mesh_user: Highest level Junction Box Routine that is responsible for replacing the mesh coordinates inside ANSYS CFX with the updated coordinates read in or defined by the low level routine, set_mesh_user. set_mesh_user: Low level routine that defines the updated mesh coordinates. In this tutorial, this is done by reading mesh files. In other applications, however, this could be done by using a set of Fortran commands that directly modify the existing mesh coordinates. update_crdvx_user and upd_crdvx_user: Routines to call for the generation of a node map between the initial mesh and the first user-defined mesh, and to repeatedly use this map to replace the mesh inside ANSYS CFX with the remaining sequence of user-defined meshes.
Two important attributes of the sequence of meshes read by the SET_MESH_USER routine warrant highlighting: 1. The coordinates of the first mesh in the sequence must be identical to the initial solver-internal mesh coordinates. This ensures that a node map between the user and initial solver-internal mesh coordinates can be generated. 2. The topology (i.e. connectivity) of all meshes in the sequence does not change. This ensures that the map between the user and solver-internal mesh coordinate can be re-used.
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5. Click Apply. Total simulation The period of oscillation for the ball will be 1e-3 s (20 timesteps of 5e-5[s] each), and a total time of two periods will be simulated. 1. Click New .
2. Set Name to tTotal then click OK. 3. For the Definition, enter the following expression: 2e-3 [s]. 4. Click Apply. Time step 1. Click New .
2. Set Name to tStep then click OK. 3. For the Definition, enter the following expression: 5.e-5 [s] 4. Click Apply.
3. Change the Mesh Format to PATRAN Neutral. 4. Select the file ValveFSI.out. 5. Change Mesh Units to mm. 6. Click OK.
2. Type the following in the Command Editor (make sure you do not miss the semi-colon at the end of the line):
! system ("cfx5mkext -name meshread juncbox/*.F") == 0 or die;
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cfx5mkext -name meshread juncbox/*.F
The ! indicates that the following line is to be interpreted as power syntax and not CCL. Everything after the ! symbol is processed as Perl commands. system is a Perl function to execute a system command. The == 0 or die will cause an error message to be returned if, for some reason, there is an error in processing the command.
3. Click Process to compile the subroutine. A subdirectory whose name is system dependent will be created in your working directory (For example, on IRIX a subdirectory named irix will be created in your working directory.). This subdirectory contains the shared object library named meshread. Note: You can introduce the -double option to compile the subroutines for use with double precision ANSYS CFX-Solver executables. Note: If you are running problems in parallel over multiple platforms then you will need to create these subdirectories using the cfx5mkext command for each different platform. The following steps create a CCL object that specifies the path to the meshes directory and the number of meshes. The FORTRAN subroutine later looks up the values contained in this object so that it can determine where the meshes are located, and how many exist. 1. Type the following CCL into the Command Editor window, replacing <filepath> with the path to your current directory.
USER: MeshDir = <filepath>/meshes NMeshes = 20 END
If you are working on windows, substitute the forward slash with a backslash. For example: UNIX: MeshDir = /home/user/cfx/tutorials/ValveFSI/meshes Windows: MeshDir = c:\user\cfx\tutorials\ValveFSI\meshes
1. Click Process to apply the settings. The next step sets up the Junction Box Routine. 1. Click User Routine .
2. Set Name to Mesh Read then click OK. 3. Set Option to Junction Box Routine. 4. Set Calling Name to the name of the highest level routine: update_mesh_user. 5. Set Library Name to meshread. 6. Set Library Path to the current working directory. For example: UNIX: /home/user/cfx/tutorials/valvefsi Windows: c:\user\cfx\tutorials\valvefsi
Tutorial 20: Fluid Structure Interaction and Mesh Deformation: Using a Junction Box Routine to Govern Mesh
1. Set Option to Transient. 2. Under Time Duration, set: a. Option to Total Time b. Total Time to the expression, tTotal 3. Under Time Steps, set: a. Option to Timesteps b. Timesteps to the expression, tStep 4. Under Initial Time, set: a. Option to Automatic with Value b. Time to 0 [s] 5. Click OK.
Tutorial 20: Fluid Structure Interaction and Mesh Deformation: Using a Junction Box Routine to Govern Mesh
a. Boundary Type to Symmetry b. Location to SYMP1 and SYMP2 3. Click OK to create the boundary condition. Tank Opening Boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named TankOpen . 2. On the Basic Settings tab, set: a. Boundary Type to Opening b. Location to BOTTOM 3. Click the Boundary Details tab, then set: a. Mass and Momentum > Option to Static Pres. (Entrain) b. Relative Pressure to 6 [atm] Note the change in units from Pa to atm. c. Turbulence > Option to Zero Gradient. 4. Click OK to create the boundary condition. Valve Opening boundary 1. Create a new boundary condition named ValveOpen. 2. On the Basic Settings tab, set: a. Boundary Type to Opening b. Location to TOP 3. Click the Boundary Details tab, then set: a. Mass and Momentum to Static Pres. (Entrain) b. Relative Pressure to 0 [atm] c. Turbulence > Option to Zero Gradient. 4. Click OK to create the boundary condition. Note: Opening boundary types are used to allow the flow to leave and re-enter the domain across the inflow and outflow boundaries. This behaviour is expected due to the oscillatory motion of the ball and due to the potentially large region of flow re-circulation that will occur on the downstream side of the ball. Remaining Wall Boundary 1. In the Physics Selector, double-click CheckValve Default. 2. Click the Boundary Details tab, then: a. Set Wall Influence on Flow > Option to No Slip. b. Select Wall Velocity Relative To and set Wall Vel. Rel. To to Boundary Frame. 3. Click OK to create the boundary condition.
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3. Set Relative Pressure to 0 [Pa]. 4. Select Turbulence Eddy Dissipation and set Option to Automatic with Value. 5. Click OK to set the Initial Values.
2. Set Transient Scheme to Second Order Backward Euler. 3. Set Convergence Control > Max. Coeff. Loops to 5. 4. Turn on Minimum Number of Coefficient Loops and set Min. Coeff. Loops to 2. 5. Click OK to set the Solver Control settings.
Index
A
additional variables 96 to model pH creating 234 airlift reactor, example 269 animation plot animation 297 auto annotation 107, 297 automotive catalytic converter tutorial 187 axi-symmetric modelling example 225 CHT example 241 circular vent example 93 conjugate heat transfer example 241 Contour 318 contours adding to surface plot 44 contours, adding 44 create boundary conditions 115, 245, 337 fluid domain 192 isosurface 106 pressure and volume fraction expressions 142 subdomain 192 surface plot of y+ 126 vectors 124 creating and modifying streamlines 90
B
baffles 253 blade, impeller 253 boundary conditions for free surface flows 142 modify 101 buoyancy example 131 butterfly valve example 167
D
default legend 39 domain creating 230 modifying 234
C
catalytic converter automotive 187 example 187 cavity example 131 Changing 112 changing timestep 106 Changing the Color Range 76, 112 chemical reaction example 225 CHT example 241
ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials
E
examples 13 airlift reactor 269 axi-symmetric 225 buoyancy 131 butterfly valve 167 catalytic converter 187 cavity 131
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Index: F
chemical reaction 225 CHT 241 circular vent 93 conjugate heat transfer 241 free surface 139 gas-liquid flow in an airlift reactor 269 heat exchanger 241 mixing tube 225 multicomponent flow 225 multiphase flow 269 solid region 241 static mixer 17 steady state simulation 225, 241 supersonic flow 157 transient simulation 131 two-dimensional 131 valve 167 vent 93 wing 157 expression language shear rate dependent viscosity 204 velocity profile 174 expression method for inlet velocity profile 174 expressions to model the reaction creating 233
H
heat exchanger example 241
I
impeller blade 253 inlet (supersonic) 160
M
method for the inlet velocity profile, expression 174 mixer static mixer example 17 mixing tank walls 253 mixing tube example 225 model creating 55 modelling example axi-symmetric 225 two-dimensional 131 modify streamlines 90 monitoring the run 222 multicomponent flow example 225 multiphase flow example 269 mixer example 251
F
file generating output 107 flow example gas-liquid 269 multicomponent 225 multiphase 269 supersonic 157 fluid subdomain creating 234 free surface example 139 setting boundary conditions 142
O
obtaining a solution in parallel 118 in serial 118 opening existing simulation 100 outlet (supersonic) 160 outline plot 34 output files generating 107
G
gas-liquid flow example 269 generating output files 107 greyscale 309
P
parallel running 118
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Index: R
solution 222 pH, calculating 232 power syntax 128 Print Greyscale Graphic 309 problem definition 214
U
using cfx5mkext command 175, 288, 344 symmetry planes 122
R
reaction defining 231 run in parallel 118 monitoring 222
V
valve example 167 variables user vector 165 velocity superficial 281 vent example 93 viewing inflated elements 67 mesh partitions (parallel only) 129 results 149
S
Saving 46 serial solution 221 set boundary conditions 290, 305, 313 buoyancy reference density 144 initial values 162 to run in parallel 119 transient rotor-stator calculation 219 simulation example steady state 225, 241 transient 131 solid region example 241 static mixer example 17 steady state simulation example 225, 241 streamlines creating and modifying 90 superficial velocity 281 supersonic flow example 157 surface plot 127 syntax, power 128
W
wall boundary conditions 292, 307 free slip 116 wing example 157
T
text auto annotation 107, 297 transient simulations example 93, 131 tutorial examples 13
ANSYS CFX, Release 10.0: Tutorials Page 351
Index: W
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