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Stabilized Power Supply

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VT033111 1.

Penyearah Gelombang penuh


Vsrms $1 $2 $3 0 $%

Vout (Volt) Va

Vout
& Va = (Vsrms.2 ) 2x0,65 t

Setiap phasa elom!a" a#a" a$a 2 $io$a % &' ((or)ar$). *"tu# me" &' #a" $io$a $iperlu#a" te a" a" se!esar 0,65V. Sehi" a a#a" a$a #ehila" a" te a" a" se!esar 2x 0,65 Volt. +esistor + !u#a" merupa#a" !e!a" %a" sesu" uh"%a. ,er-u" si a ar tim!ul alira" arus (atau ter!e"tu# loop tertutup), sehi" a a$a te a" a" output. .a"pa a$a"%a resistor i"i, ma#a arus -or)ar$ $a" arus re/erse ti$a# per"ah a$a. 'ilai"%a !e!erapa #ilo &hm.

2. Kapasitor filter
Vsrms $1 $2 $3 0 Kapasitor filter $% C 'rus pembuangan 'rus pengisian

&
L1

Vout
L2

a! Volt Volt

Vout
Va
C1 C2 C3 C1 C2 C3

Vout
Va
L1 L1+L2 Tanpa lampu L1 L1+L2

t t2 t1 t2 t1 t2 t1 t2 t1 Va = (Vsrms.2 ) 2x0,65 C1 > C2 > C3 b!

Va = (Vsrms.2 ) 2x0,65 "!

0a$a ra" #aia" am!ar 2(a) a#a" ter1a$i proses pe" isia" $a" pem!ua" a" arus pa$a #apasitor -ilter C se2ara !erula" 3ula" , sehi" a te a" a" output %a" ter!e"tu# a#a" me"1a$i seperti am!ar 2($), suatu te a" a" 4C $e" a" #eruta" (ripple). ,esar"%a te a" a" ripple i"i $ipe" aruhi oleh 'ilai #apasitor -ilter C $a" !esar"%a !e!a" %a" $ipasa" pa$a output"%a. 5a#i" !esar "ilai C ma#a pem!ua" a" arus"%a a#a" sema#i" lam!at, sehi" a te a" a" ripple a#a" me" e2il. 4emi#ia" 1u a sema#i" !esar !e!a" %a" terpasa" pa$a output"%a, ma#a pem!ua" a" arus listri# $i #apasitor C a#a" sema#i" 2epat, a#i!at"%a te a" a" ripple a#a" sema#i" !esar. 0a$a am!ar 2(a) $a" 2(2) $i ilustrasi#a" se!a ai lampu 61 $a" 62 %a" terpasa" pa$a output"%a. Vout(/olt) .e a" a" riple Vmax 6e/el 4C Vmi" t #!

'ilai #apasitor -ilter C u"tu# te a" a" ripple ma#simum $a" mi"imum %a" $ii" i"#a", serta $e" a" arus !e!a" 76 $apat $ihitu" $e" a" me" u"a#a" rumus !eri#ut 8

C=

1 1 -1 Vmin IL 4f + 2f sin V max

)]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)

Vmax - Vmin
- = -re#)e"si 1ala2 C $alam (ara$

3. Kara(teristi( $io#a )ener


Is

+ vin

Rs Iz

+
Vz

a! +a" #aia" pe" u#ura" #ara#teristi# $io$a 9e"er Iz

FORWARD Vz Iz(min) REVERSE Iz(min) vin

Vz

Tegangan relatif (onstan

b! :ra-i# #ara#teristi# $io$a 9e"er 4ari am!ar 3(!), !erapapu" har a arus ri/erse $io$a 9e"er (79), ma#a te a" a" pa$a $io$a 9e"er (V9) a#a" #o"sta". ;tau $e" a" lai" per#ataa", !ah)a !erapapu" har a te a" a" i"put /i", ma#a te a" a" pa$a $io$a 9e"er a#a" #o"sta". &leh se!a! itu, ra" #aia" am!ar 3(a) $apat $iper u"a#a" se!a ai ra" #aia" pe"sta!il te a" a". 0er#ataa" <!erapapu"= $i si"i !u#a" !erarti ta"pa !atas. ,atas !a)ah 79 $apat $iam!il !e!erapa m;, asal ti$a# !era$a pa$a !a ia" mele" #u" $ari ra-i# %a" $i 9oom. Se$a" #a" !atas atas 79 $ite"tu#a" oleh po)er $isipasi ($a%a %a" $i#o"sumsi) $io$a 9e"er %a" $ii1i"#a". +esistor +s !er-u" si se!a ai pem!atas arus 79, a ar $io$a 9e"er tetap $alam #ea$aa" ama", %aitu 8 79(ma#s) = 09>V9

......................................

(2)

4ima"a 09 = $a%a $io$a 9e"er 0ersamaa" %a" $iper u"a#a" pa$a ra" #aia" am!ar 3(a) a$alah 8

Vi" = +s 79 ? V9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
%. &ang(aian penstabil tegangan #engan pembebanan
Is

(3)

+ vin

+s

IL

Iz

+
Vz &L

+a" #aia" ta!ilisator te a" a" ($e" a" !e!a" +6)

4alam #ea$aa" ta"pa !e!a" seperti am!ar 3(a), ma#a 79 = 7s. Saat !e!a" +6 terpasa" ( am!ar @), ma#a 79 %a" semula sama $e" a" 7s ti$a# !oleh !er#ura" mele)ati !atas mi"imum"%a a#i!at mu"2ul"%a per2a!a" a" !aru %a" me"%e$ot arus 76. 4e" a" per#ataa" lai", !ah)a arus 79 harus tetap !era$a pa$a !atas2 ma#simum $a" mi"imum"%a %a" ama" selama pem!e!a"a". Aea$aa" ra)a" ter1a$i saat te a" a" i"put Vi" se$a" melo"1a# ma#simum $a" +6 terlepas (atau $ilepas) $ari ra" #aia". 0a$a #ea$aa" i"i 79 a#a" melo"1a# "ai#, $a" i"i ti$a# !oleh mele!ihi 79(ma#s). 4emi#ia" 1u a saat Vi" mi"imum $a" +6 terpasa" pa$a ra" #aia", ma#a 7B a#a" merosot turu". 5erosot"%a 79 i"i ti$a# !oleh #ura" $ari har a 79 mi"imum %a" telah $ite"tu#a" se!elum"%a. Cal lai" %a" perlu $i#etahui !ah)a har a mi"imum $ari Vi" ti$a# !oleh #ura" $ari V9, atau Vi" > V9

*. Contoh 1
,V'C $1 $2 $3 0 $% C

4ari ra" #aia" $isampi" , hitu" lah "ilai #apasitor C, sehi" a te a" a" pu"2a# !a)ah $ari te a" a" ripple a$alah D /olt, $e" a" arus !e!a" 300 m; $a" -re#)e"si 1ala2 50 C9.

4ihitu" $ulu 8 te a" a" output ma#simum = Vout(ma#s) = E2 2x0,65 Vout(ma#s) = 11,@ /olt .e a" a" output mi"imum %a" $imi"ta8 4e" a" me" Vout(mi") = D /olt. u"a#a" persamaa" (1) $iperoleh C= @F@ G( Vout(/olt) .e a" a" riple 11,@V DV t

+. Contoh 2
Is 4ari ra" #aia" am!ar 5 $i#etahui !ah)a Vi" a$alah sum!er te a" a" ti$a# sta!il $a" !eru!ah u!ah a"tara D /olt sampai 11,@ /olt. 4io$a 9e"er memili#i te a" a" !rea#$o)" 5 /olt, $e" a" $a%a 0,2 )att. a. Citu" +s. !. ,erapa#ah arus !e!a" 76 ma#simum %a" $iper!oleh#a" u"tu# $i#o"sumsiH 2. ,erapa#ah +6 mi"imum %a" !oleh $ipasa" H

+ vin

+s Iz

IL

+
Vz
C2

&L

79(ma#s) = 0,2 Natt = @0 m; 5 /olt

Supa%a le!ih ama", ma#a se!ai#"%a har a 79(ma#s) $iam!il se$i#it le!ih #e2il $ari @0 m;, misal"%a F0I $ari har a ma#simum"%a, sehi" a 8 79(ma#s) = 0,Fx@0 m; = 32 m;. 79(mi") = 2 m; ($ite"tu#a") 0a$a saat Vi" se$a" ma#simum = 11,@ /olt $a" +6 !elum terhu!u" #e ra" #aia" (76=0), ma#a +s harus $apat mem!atasi har a 79 hi" a 32 m; sa1a, sehi" a 8 Vi" = V9 ? 79(ma#s).+s 11,@ = 5 ? 32+s. 4iperoleh 8 +s = (6,@>32) #J +s = 200 J 0a$a saat !e!a" +6 terpasa" $a" pa$a saat Vi" = mi"imum = D /olt, ma#a $e" a" +s se!esar 200 J, 79 ti$a# !oleh #ura" $ari 2 m;. 0er"%ata" i"i $apat $i!uat persamaa""%a !eri#ut 8 Vi"(mi"imum) = V9 ? K79(mi") ? 76L.+s D = 5 ? (2 ? 76).0,2 4iperoleh 76 = F m; (arus ma#simum %a" !oleh $ise$ot $ari ra" #aia") +6 mi"imum %a" !oleh $ipasa" = V9>76 +6 = (5>F) #J = 625 J Aapasitor C2 paralel $e" a" $io$a 9e"er, atau seri $e" a" +s !er-u" si u"tu# me"3short 2ir2uit te a" a" ripple %a" me"ero!os masu# #e )ila%ah output. 'ilai impe$a"si C2 i"i harus le!ih #e2il $ari "ilai +s, atau 8 BC2 M +s 1>(2-C2) M 200

4e" a" - = 100 C9 (=2x -re# 1ala31ala), ma#a setelah $ihitu" $i$apat#a" C2 > F G( 4ipa#ai C2 = 100 G(

-. Transistor sebagai penguat arus


.i$a# !a"%a# %a" !isa $iper!uat $e" a" #o"sumsi arus ma#simum %a" 2uma F m; pa$a 2o"toh 2. ,ila $ii" i"#a" #o"sumsi arus %a" le!ih $ari F m; (misal 300 m;), ma#a $iperlu#a" se!uah tra"sistor u"tu# me" ampli-i#asi arus terse!ut. +umus3rumus %a" $ipa#ai a$alah rumus3rumus $asar tra"sistor 8 7C = O7, 7P = (1? O)7, V,P = 0,65 /olt 4a%a tra"sistor 0C = 7C.VCP

Car a O se!uah tra"sistor umum"%a !er#isar F0 200. 4e" a" me" am!il har a O se#e2il3#e2il"%a, ma#a $iharap#a" semua 1e"is tra"sistor $apat $iper u"a#a". +a" #aia" pa$a 2o"toh 2 $apat $i#em!a" #a" $e" a" IC I0 me"am!ah#a" se!uah tra"sistor sehi" a me"1a$i seperti 1 + am!ar D. ;rus !e!a" 76 pa$a 2o"toh 2, se#ara" me"1a$i 0,65V 7 !aru se#ara" $iam!il $ari #a#i 200J ,. .e a" a" output %a" + I/ emiter. 'amu" te a" a" output i"i a#a" !er#ura" se!esar + Vout = 5 0,65 vin + 0,65 /olt %a" hila" u"tu# mem3!ias !ase3emiter (V,P), = @,35 V sehi" a me"1a$i @,35 /olt. 4e" a" arus !e!a" 76 = 7P = 300 5V B$=5V m;, serta $e" a" 7, = Fm;, ma#a O = (3003F)>F = 36,5. 100G( 1 1 4a%a ma#simum %a" $iserap tra"sistor $apat $ihitu" 8 0C = 7C.VCP = (7P 7,). (Vi"(max) Vout) = (300 F). (11,@ @,35) = 205F mN 4ipilih tra"sistor $e" a" #emampua" 02 > 205F miliNatt $a" 7C >2E2 m;, misal"%a 2'3055.

.. &ang(aian (eseluruhan
*"tu# me" atasi #ehila" a" te a" a" oleh V,P, ma#a $apat $itam!ah#a" se!uah $io$a 45 %a" $i set -or)ar$ seri $e" a" $io$a 9e"er, sehi" a te a" a" !ase se#ara" a$alah (5?0,65) /olt = 5,65 /olt. Setelah $i#ura" i V,P = 0,65 /olt, ma#a te a" a" output a#a" me"1a$i utuh #em!ali se!esar 5 /olt. 0erhitu" a" u"tu# me"$apat#a" +s pa$a 2o"toh 2 harus $ire/isi $e" a" V9 = 5,65 /olt.
IC Is &s $1 $3 C+ 0 $2 $% C2 100G4 I) C- C1 2# V) I/ Tr I0

T 12 220 V'C , +

C%

C*

V/0503+* V + + V)+03+*! $* C3 100n4

Vout 5V)

0e"am!aha" #apasitor C3 pa$a !a ia" output !ertu1ua" u"tu# mem!%pass si "al -re#ue"si ti" i ataupu" "oise %a" mu" #i" mu"2ul. 'ilai"%a 2u#up 100 "( atau #ura" . Qi#a #apasitor i"i $iper!esar a#a" mem!aha%a#a" tra"sistor, #are"a si-at #apasitor a#a" short 2ir2uit se1e"a# saat pertama#ali ra" #aia" $ihi$up#a". Qalur !er)ar"a !iru pa$a ra" #aia" a$alah 1alur %a" a#a" $ilalui arus ti" i 300 m;. 0a$a pra#te#"%a 2 $i!uat $ari #a)at %a" le!ih !esar $ari 1alur lai""%a. 4e" a" rumusa" 3 ;mpere per mm luas pe"ampa" su$ah 2u#up mema$ai. Aapasitor C@ s3$ CD !er-u" si u"tu# mere$am -re#ue"si harmo"isa %a" tim!ul a#i!at proses &' $a" &(( pa$a $io$a pe"%earah. 'ilai"%a 2u#up @D "(.

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