Occupational Health and Safety: Philippine Setting

Overview Philippine Setting
Occupational
Health and Safety
Ederlyn Marie Cortes Sherylle Ong
Video on Construction Safety
from the
Habitat for Humanity
Overview Philippine Setting
PART 1:
Overview
PART 1:
Overview
Definition Principles OSH Programs Other Issues
It is the discipline concerned with protecting the safety, health
and welfare of employees, organizations, and others affected by
the work they undertake (such as customers, suppliers, and
members of the public).

It is the prevention of disease and injury caused by workplace
influences.

It is concerned with creating a safe environment for
employees and contractors and for customers and visitors to
company facilities. As well as encouraging a healthy lifestyle
and promoting public health amongst the people that the
company affects.
Definition
Definition of OSH
a. Destruction of human life is morally unjustified

b. Failure of employers or workers to take precautions against occupational
injuries and illnesses makes them morally responsible for these incidents.

c. Occupational incidents limit efficiency and productivity.

d. Occupational accidents and illnesses produce far-reaching social harm.

e. Safety techniques have produce reduction of accident rates and severity
rates.

f. Recent mandates (local and international) have been imposed to provide a
safe and healthy workplace.
Importance of OSH
Importance
Principles
Important
Consideration
Why is there a need to set up OSH programs?
a. All accidents and incidents are preventable

b. All levels of management are responsible for safety and health.

c. All employees have the responsibility to themselves, their
coworkers, and their family to work in a safe and healthy
manner.

d. In order to eliminate accidents and incidents, management must
ensure that all employees are properly trained on how to
perform every job task efficiently and in a safe and healthy
manner.

e. Every employee must be involved in every area of the safety,
health and production process
Principles of OSH
Importance
Principles
Important
Consideration
Principles OSH Programs Other Issues Definition
Important Considerations
Importance
Principles
Important
Consideration
The two most important ingredients in an OSH Program:

1. Management Commitment: company must demonstrate its
commitment to the welfare of employees and other stakeholders
by initiating OSH programs

2. Workforce Involvement: organization must elicit the active
participation pf the workers in all the processes
Importance
Principles
Important
Consideration
Why workers need to be involved:
a. They are most in contact with potential safety
and health hazards. It is to their best interest
in having a safe and healthy workplace.

b. Many heads are better than one: various ideas
and experiences shared by the workers may
help in the improvement of the program.

c. Their support and participation are likely to
increase with their involvement
Importance
Principles
Important
Consideration
How to involve workers in OSH programs
Including them in the safety committee

Having them assist in the training of new
employees

Asking them to report on and fix (if ability
permits) noted hazards in the workplace

Authorizing them to investigate accidents in
their work areas

Controls & Prevention
Control & Prevention
Hazard and Risk
Identification,
Assessment and
Management
The Causes of and Responses to Occupational Hazards
Hazard and Risk
Identification,
Assessment and
Management
Loss Control Program

A company must have a written safety
program. Such program must have four
components: a safety budget, safety
records, managements personal
concern, and managements good
example.

Safety Committee
Management must create a group to lead in the creation, implementation and
monitoring of the organizations OSH program.
Safety Rules
The OHS rules in each organization must comply with the mandates of the
government that regulates it, just as much it abides by the rules imposed by
agencies accrediting it
OSH Programs Other Issues Definition Principles
Hazard and Risk
Identification,
Assessment and
Management
Employee Selection
Select the fittest person for the job:
physical attributes, behavior and
attitudes
Employee & Supervisor Training
Training should focus on 4 general areas: using PPE, engaging in work practices to
reduce risk communicating health and safety information, exercising employee rights
and responsibilities
Feedback and Incentives

Giving rewards for, and evaluating employee safety behavior is a good motivator to
encourage its practice
Hazard and Risk Identification,
Assessment and Management
Hazard and Risk
Identification,
Assessment and
Management
Hazards:
identified or probable causes of
accidents and illnesses in the workplace
Risks:
negative effects to health and well-being
resulting from the exposure to hazards

Hazard and Risk
Identification,
Assessment and
Management
Hazard
Identification

These are the
processes that
determine what
might or could have
caused accidents
List of Audit Topics
Hazard and Risk
Identification,
Assessment and
Management
Accident Investigation

An accident investigation is a fact-finding
process and not a fault-finding one where the
aim is to affix the blame. All accidents,
regardless of nature and severity must be
investigated

Hazard and Risk
Identification,
Assessment and
Management
Risk Assessment
Methodology that aims at characterizing the types of health
effects expected as a result of a certain exposure to a given agent, as
well as providing estimates on the probability of occurrence of these
health effects at different levels of exposure
The elements of
risk assessment
Hazard and Risk
Identification,
Assessment and
Management
Risk Management
It is the establishment of target controls in the organization to
address the risks posed by work hazards

Takes place at different levels: international, national, local,
organizational
Organizational risk management requires knowledge on: health
hazards and their magnitude - identified and rated according to risk
assessment findings, legal requirements and standards, technological
feasibility in terms of the available and applicable control technology;
economic factors (costs of designing and implementing controls, costs vs.
benefits, etc); human resource (available and required); and the socio-
economic and public health context.
Ergonomics
Ergonomics
Industrial/ Occupational Hygiene
Environmental Issues
OHS and Multi-National Companies
Workplace Security and Violence
It means fitting the workplace to the worker

Through this, management can identify and assess
where and how employees physical capabilities have
been exceeded in a given job
It addresses the elimination and reduction of the so-
called work-related MSDs or musculoskeletal disorder
hazards
Carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, thoracic outlet syndrome, low
back pain and tension neck syndrome
Definition Principles OSH Programs
Other Issues
Industrial / Occupational Hygiene
Ergonomics
It is the profession that
aims specifically at the
prevention and control of
hazards arising from work
processes

It is the science of the
anticipation, evaluation and
control of hazards arising in
or from the workplace, and
which could impair the health
and well-being of workers,
also taking into account the
possible impact in the
surrounding communities and
the general environment.
Relationship b/w functions of Industrial Hygienist and
Company Physician
Other Issues
Ergonomics
Remember: Companies have also responsibilities to the environment
design their jobs and the work areas in such a way as to have a
minimum impact on the environment.
minimal use of raw materials and energy are encouraged
strict regulations on the disposal of waste materials
companies are mandated to reduce emission of toxic substances into
the air, water and soil
recycling is pushed
decrease in waste production through the use of efficient systems and
processes where non-useful by-products are kept at a minimum
Environment, Health and Safety or
Occupational Health, Safety and Environment
Other Issues
OHS and Multi-National
Companies
Ergonomics
Fact:
Some multi-national companies are abusing the hospitable conditions of
developing countries where they have set up factories
Poor working conditions
Unreasonable regulations
Low wages
Long hours of work
Minimal medical benefits
Solution:
Pressure from international labor and consumer groups led to installation
and improvement of any existing (if any) OHS programs
Other Issues
Workplace
Security and Violence
Ergonomics
Security is part of safety!
Aggravating circumstances:

contact with the public, exchange of
money, delivery of passenger /
goods / services

having a mobile workplace such as a taxi
or police cruiser

working with unstable or volatile persons

working alone or in small number, working
at night, guarding valuable possessions

working in high-crime areas
Principles of Prevention:

environmental designs

administrative controls

behavioral strategies

study of victim and
perpetrator profile

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Overview Philippine Setting

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