Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Low Cost, 250 Ma Output Single-Supply Amplifiers AD8531/AD8532/AD8534
Low Cost, 250 Ma Output Single-Supply Amplifiers AD8531/AD8532/AD8534
A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
a
Low Cost , 250 mA Out put
Si ngl e- Suppl y Ampl i f i er s
AD8531/ AD8532/ AD8534
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD8531, AD8532 and AD8534 are single, dual and quad
rail-to-rail input and output single-supply amplifiers featuring
250 mA output drive current. This high output current makes
these amplifiers excellent for driving either resistive or capacitive
loads. AC performance is very good with 3 MHz bandwidth,
5 V/s slew rate and low distortion. All are guaranteed to oper-
ate from a +3 volt single supply as well as a +5 volt supply.
The very low input bias currents enable the AD853x to be used
for integrators and diode amplification and other applications
requiring low input bias current. Supply current is only 750 A
per amplifier at 5 volts, allowing low current applications to con-
trol high current loads.
Applications include audio amplification for computers, sound
ports, sound cards and set-top boxes. AD853x family is very
stable and capable of driving heavy capacitive loads, such as
those found in LCDs.
The ability to swing rail-to-rail at the inputs and outputs enables
designers to buffer CMOS DACs, ASICs or other wide output
swing devices in single-supply systems.
The AD8531, AD8532 and AD8534 are specified over the ex-
tended industrial (40C to +85C) temperature range. The
AD8531 is available in SO-8 and SOT23-5 packages. The
AD8532 is available in 8-pin plastic DIPs, SO-8 and 8-lead
TSSOP surface mount packages. The AD8534 is available in
14-pin plastic DIPs, narrow SO-14 and 14-lead TSSOP surface
mount packages. All TSSOP and SOT versions are available in
tape and reel only.
FEATURES
Single-Supply Operation: 2.7 Volts to 6 Volts
High Output Current: 250 mA
Low Supply Current: 750 A/Amplifier
Wide Bandwidth: 3 MHz
Slew Rate: 5 V/s
No Phase Reversal
Low Input Currents
Unity Gain Stable
APPLICATIONS
Multimedia Audio
LCD Driver
ASIC Input or Output Amplifier
Headphone Driver
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
5-Lead SOT
(RT Suffix)
AD8531
OUT A
V
+IN A IN A
V+ 1
2
3 4
5
8-Lead SO
(R Suffix)
AD8532
OUT A
IN A
+IN A
V
V+
OUT B
+IN B
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
(Not to Scale)
IN B
8-Lead Epoxy DIP
(N Suffix)
AD8532 1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
OUT A
IN A
+IN A
V +IN B
IN B
OUT B
V+
(Not to
Scale)
8-Lead SO
(R Suffix)
AD8531
NULL
IN A
+IN A
V
V+
OUT A
NULL
NC 1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
(Not to Scale)
8-Lead TSSOP
(RU Suffix)
IN A
+IN A
V
OUT B
IN B
+IN B
V+ 1
4 5
8
AD8532
OUT A
14-Lead Epoxy DIP
(N Suffix)
AD8534
1
2
3
4
14
13
12
11
OUT A
IN A
+IN A
V+ V
+IN D
IN D
OUT D
5
6
7
10
9
8
+IN B
IN B
OUT B OUT C
IN C
+IN C
(Not to Scale)
14-Lead
Narrow-Body SO
(R Suffix)
AD8534
OUT A
IN A
+IN A
V+
IN D
+IN D
V
OUT D 1
2
3
4
14
13
12
11
(Not to Scale)
+IN B
IN B
OUT B
IN C
OUT C
+IN C 5
6
7
10
9
8
AD8534
(Not to Scale)
14-Lead TSSOP
(RU Suffix)
AD8532
OUT A
IN A
+IN A
V+
IN D
+IN D
V
OUT D 1 14
+IN B
IN B
OUT B
IN C
OUT C
+IN C
7 8
AD8534
1 14
7 8
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 617/329-4700 World Wide Web Site: http://www.analog.com
Fax: 617/326-8703 Analog Devices, Inc., 1997
REV. A 2
AD8531/ AD8532/ AD8534 SPECI FI CATI ONS
ELECTRI CAL CHARACTERI STI CS
Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Units
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Offset Voltage V
OS
25 mV
40C T
A
+85C 30 mV
Input Bias Current I
B
5 50 pA
40C T
A
+85C 60 pA
Input Offset Current I
OS
1 25 pA
40C T
A
+85C 30 pA
Input Voltage Range 0 3 V
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR V
CM
= 0 V to 3 V 38 45 dB
Large Signal Voltage Gain A
VO
R
L
= 2 k, V
O
= 0.5 V to 2.5 V 25 V/mV
Offset Voltage Drift V
OS
/T 20 V/C
Bias Current Drift I
B
/T 50 fA/C
Offset Current Drift I
OS
/T 20 fA/C
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage High V
OH
I
L
= 10 mA 2.85 2.92 V
40C T
A
+85C 2.8 V
Output Voltage Low V
OL
I
L
= 10 mA 60 100 mV
40C T
A
+85C 125 mV
Output Current I
OUT
250 mA
Closed-Loop Output Impedance Z
OUT
f = 1 MHz, A
V
= 1 60
POWER SUPPLY
Power Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR V
S
= 3 V to 6 V 45 55 dB
Supply Current/Amplifier I
SY
V
O
= 0 V 1 mA
40C T
A
+85C 1.25 mA
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Slew Rate SR R
L
= 2 k 3.5 V/s
Settling Time t
S
To 0.01% 1.4 s
Gain Bandwidth Product GBP 2.2 MHz
Phase Margin o 70 Degrees
Channel Separation CS f = 1 kHz, R
L
= 2 k 65 dB
NOISE PERFORMANCE
Voltage Noise Density e
n
f = 1 kHz 45 nV/Hz
Voltage Noise Density e
n
f = 10 kHz 30 nV/Hz
Current Noise Density i
n
f = 1 kHz 0.05 pA/Hz
Specifications subject to change without notice.
(@ V
S
= + 3.0 V, V
CM
= 1.5 V, T
A
= + 25C unl ess ot her wi se not ed)
ELECTRI CAL CHARACTERI STI CS
Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Units
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Offset Voltage V
OS
25 mV
40C T
A
+85C 30 mV
Input Bias Current I
B
5 50 pA
40C T
A
+85C 60 pA
Input Offset Current I
OS
1 25 pA
40C T
A
+85C 30 pA
Input Voltage Range 0 5 V
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR V
CM
= 0 V to 5 V 38 47 dB
Large Signal Voltage Gain A
VO
R
L
= 2 k, V
O
= 0.5 V to 4.5 V 15 80 V/mV
Offset Voltage Drift V
OS
/T 40C T
A
+85C 20 V/C
Bias Current Drift I
B
/T 50 fA/C
Offset Current Drift I
OS
/T 20 fA/C
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage High V
OH
I
L
= 10 mA 4.9 4.94 V
40C T
A
+85C 4.85 V
Output Voltage Low V
OL
I
L
= 10 mA 50 100 mV
40C T
A
+85C 125 mV
Output Current I
OUT
250 mA
Closed-Loop Output Impedance Z
OUT
f = 1 MHz, A
V
= 1 40
POWER SUPPLY
Power Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR V
S
= 3 V to 6 V 45 55 dB
Supply Current/Amplifier I
SY
V
O
= 0 V 1.4 1.25 mA
40C T
A
+85C 1.75 mA
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Slew Rate SR R
L
= 2 k 5 V/s
Full-Power Bandwidth BW
p
1% Distortion 350 kHz
Settling Time t
S
To 0.01% 1.6 s
Gain Bandwidth Product GBP 3 MHz
Phase Margin o 70 Degrees
Channel Separation CS f = 1 kHz, R
L
= 2 k 65 dB
NOISE PERFORMANCE
Voltage Noise Density e
n
f = 1 kHz 45 nV/Hz
Voltage Noise Density e
n
f = 10 kHz 30 nV/Hz
Current Noise Density i
n
f = 1 kHz 0.05 pA/Hz
Specifications subject to change without notice.
AD8531/ AD8532/ AD8534
REV. A 3
(@ V
S
= + 5.0 V, V
CM
= 2.5 V, T
A
= + 25C unl ess ot her wi se not ed)
AD8531/ AD8532/ AD8534
REV. A
4
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
1
Supply Voltage (V
S
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +7 V
Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND to V
S
Differential Input Voltage
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V
Storage Temperature Range
N, R, RT, RU Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65C to +150C
Operating Temperature Range
AD8531/AD8532/AD8534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40C to +85C
Junction Temperature Range
N, R, RT, RU Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65C to +150C
Lead Temperature Range (Soldering, 60 sec) . . . . . . +300C
NOTES
1
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause perma-
nent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; the functional operation of
the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational
sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
2
For supplies less than +6 volts, the differential input voltage is equal to V
S
.
PACKAGE INFORMATION
Package Type
JA
1
JC
Units
5-Lead SOT-23 (RT) 230 C/W
8-Pin SOIC (R) 158 43 C/W
8-Pin TSSOP (RU) 240 43 C/W
8-Pin Plastic DIP (N) 103 43 C/W
14-Pin Plastic DIP (N) 83 39 C/W
14-Pin SOIC (R) 120 36 C/W
14-Pin TSSOP (RU) 240 43 C/W
NOTE
1
JA
is specified for the worst case conditions, i.e.,
JA
is specified for device in socket
for P-DI P packages;
JA
is specified for device soldered onto a circuit board for
surface mount packages.
ORDERING GUIDE
Temperature Package Package
Model Range Description Option
1
AD8531AR 40C to +85C 8-Pin SOIC SO-8
AD8531ART
2
40C to +85C 5-Lead SOT-23 RT-5
AD8532AR 40C to +85C 8-Pin SOIC SO-8
AD8532AN 40C to +85C 8-Pin Plastic DIP N-8
AD8532ARU
3
40C to +85C 8-Pin TSSOP RU-8
AD8534AR 40C to +85C 14-Pin SOIC SO-14
AD8534AN 40C to +85C 14-Pin Plastic DIP N-14
AD8534ARU
3
40C to +85C 14-Pin TSSOP RU-14
NOTES
1
N = Plastic DI P; RT = Surface Mount (SOT-23); RU = Thin Shrink Small
Outline (TSSOP), SO =Small Outline; Available in 3,000 or 10,000 piece reels.
2
Available in 2,500 piece reels only.
3
Available in 2,500 piece reels only.
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
R
LOAD
V
O
U
T
+V
OH
V
OL
Figure 1. Output Voltage vs. Load. V
S
=2.5 V, R
L
Is Connected to GND (0 V)
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection.
Although the AD8531/AD8532/AD8534 feature proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent
damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper
ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE mV
Q
U
A
N
T
I
T
Y
A
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
r
s
300
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4
500
400
200
100
V
S
= +2.7V
V
CM
= +1.35V
T
A
= +25C
Figure 2. Input Offset Voltage
Distribution
TEMPERATURE C
I
N
P
U
T
B
I
A
S
C
U
R
R
E
N
T
p
A
5
35 15 5 25 45 65 85
8
7
4
2
V
S
= +5V, +3V
V
CM
= V
S
/2
6
3
Figure 5. Input Bias Current vs.
Temperature
LOAD CURRENT mA
O
U
T
P
U
T
V
O
L
T
A
G
E
m
V
1000
100
0.1
0.01 0.1 1000 1 10
10
1
100
V
S
= +2.7V
T
A
= +25C
SOURCE
SINK
Figure 8. Output Voltage to Supply
Rail vs. Load Current
Typi c al Per f or manc e Char ac t er i st i c s AD8531/ AD8532/ AD8534
REV. A 5
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE mV
Q
U
A
N
T
I
T
Y
A
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
r
s
300
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4
500
400
200
100
V
S
= +5V
V
CM
= +2.5V
T
A
= +25C
Figure 3. Input Offset Voltage
Distribution
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE Volts
I
N
P
U
T
B
I
A
S
C
U
R
R
E
N
T
p
A
5
0 1 2 3 4 5
8
7
4
2
V
S
= +5V
T
A
= +25C
6
3
1
Figure 6. Input Bias Current vs.
Common-Mode Voltage
LOAD CURRENT mA
O
U
T
P
U
T
V
O
L
T
A
G
E
m
V
10000
100
0.01
0.01 0.1 1000 1 10 100
10
1000
1
V
S
= +5V
T
A
= +25C
SOURCE
SINK
Figure 9. Output Voltage to Supply
Rail vs. Load Current
TEMPERATURE C
I
N
P
U
T
O
F
F
S
E
T
V
O
L
T
A
G
E
m
V
5
35 15 5 25 45 65 85
2
3
6
8
V
S
= +5V
V
CM
= +2.5V
4
7
Figure 4. Input Offset Voltage
vs. Temperature
TEMPERATURE C
I
N
P
U
T
O
F
F
S
E
T
C
U
R
R
E
N
T
p
A
3
35 15 5 25 45 65
2
0
V
S
= +5V, +3V
V
CM
= V
S
/2
4
1
1
85
2
5
6
Figure 7. Input Offset Current vs.
Temperature
80
60
40
20
0
G
A
I
N
d
B
V
S
= +2.7V
R
L
= NO LOAD
T
A
= +25C
45
90
135
180
P
H
A
S
E
S
H
I
F
T
D
e
g
r
e
e
s
FREQUENCY Hz
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M
Figure 10. Open-Loop Gain & Phase
vs. Frequency
AD8531/ AD8532/ AD8534 Typi c al Per f or manc e Char ac t er i st i c s
REV. A
6
80
60
40
20
0
G
A
I
N
d
B
V
S
= +5V
R
L
= NO LOAD
T
A
= +25C
45
90
135
180
P
H
A
S
E
S
H
I
F
T
D
e
g
r
e
e
s
FREQUENCY Hz
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M
Figure 11. Open-Loop Gain & Phase
vs. Frequency
FREQUENCY Hz
I
M
P
E
D
A
N
C
E
p
A
/
H
z
1
0.1
0.01
10 100 100k 1k 10k
V
S
= +5V
T
A
= +25C
Figure 17. Current Noise Density
vs. Frequency
FREQUENCY Hz
O
U
T
P
U
T
S
W
I
N
G
V
o
l
t
s
p
-
p
5
4
0
1k 10k 10M 100k 1M
3
2
1
V
S
= +2.7V
T
A
= +25C
R
L
= 2k
V
IN
= 2.5V p-p
Figure 12. Closed-Loop Output
Voltage Swing vs. Frequency
100
90
10
0%
V
S
= +5V
A
V
= 1000
T
A
= +25C
FREQUENCY = 1kHz
1
0
0
V
/
d
i
v
MARKER 41V/Hz
Figure 15. Voltage Noise Density
vs. Frequency
FREQUENCY Hz
C
O
M
M
O
N
-
M
O
D
E
R
E
J
E
C
T
I
O
N
d
B
90
80
20
1k 10k 10M 100k 1M
60
50
30
V
S
= +5V
T
A
= +25C
70
40
Figure 18. Common-Mode Rejec-
tion vs. Frequency
FREQUENCY Hz
O
U
T
P
U
T
S
W
I
N
G
V
o
l
t
s
p
-
p
5
4
0
1k 10k 10M 100k 1M
3
2
1
V
S
= +5V
T
A
= +25C
R
L
= 2k
V
IN
= 4.9V p-p
Figure 13. Closed-Loop Output
Voltage Swing vs. Frequency
100
90
10
0%
V
S
= +5V
A
V
= 1000
T
A
= +25C
FREQUENCY = 10kHz
MARKER 25.9 V/Hz
2
0
0
V
/
d
i
v
Figure 16. Voltage Noise Density
vs. Frequency
80
60
40
20
0
P
O
W
E
R
S
U
P
P
L
Y
R
E
J
E
C
T
I
O
N
d
B
100
120
140
60
40
20
FREQUENCY Hz
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100
V
S
= +2.7V
T
A
= +25C
PSRR
PSRR+
Figure 19. Power Supply Rejection
vs. Frequency
AD8531/ AD8532/ AD8534
REV. A 7
80
60
40
20
0
P
O
W
E
R
S
U
P
P
L
Y
R
E
J
E
C
T
I
O
N
d
B
FREQUENCY Hz
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100
100
120
140
60
40
20
V
S
= +5V
T
A
= +25C
PSRR
PSRR+
Figure 20. Power Supply Rejection
vs. Frequency
CAPACITANCE pF
S
M
A
L
L
S
I
G
N
A
L
O
V
E
R
S
H
O
O
T
%
50
40
0
10 100 10000 1000
30
20
10
V
S
= +5V
T
A
= +25C
R
L
= 600
OS
+OS
Figure 23. Small Signal Overshoot
vs. Load Capacitance
SUPPLY VOLTAGE Volts
S
U
P
P
L
Y
C
U
R
R
E
N
T
/
A
M
P
L
I
F
I
E
R
m
A
0.80
0.30
0.00
0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
0.70
0.40
0.20
0.10
0.60
0.50
T
A
= +25C
Figure 26. Supply Current per
Amplifier vs. Supply Voltage
CAPACITANCE pF
S
M
A
L
L
S
I
G
N
A
L
O
V
E
R
S
H
O
O
T
%
50
40
0
10 100 10000 1000
30
20
10
V
S
= +2.7V
T
A
= +25C
R
L
= 2k
OS
+OS
Figure 21. Small Signal Overshoot
vs. Load Capacitance
CAPACITANCE pF
S
M
A
L
L
S
I
G
N
A
L
O
V
E
R
S
H
O
O
T
%
50
40
0
10 100 10000 1000
30
20
10
V
S
= +2.7V
T
A
= +25C
R
L
= 600
OS
+OS
Figure 24. Small Signal Overshoot
vs. Load Capacitance
500 ns/DIV
2
0
m
V
/
D
I
V
V
S
= 1.35V
V
IN
= 50mV
A
V
= 1
R
L
= 2k
C
L
= 300pF
T
A
= +25C
0V
Figure 27. Small Signal Transient
Response
CAPACITANCE pF
S
M
A
L
L
S
I
G
N
A
L
O
V
E
R
S
H
O
O
T
%
50
40
0
10 100 10000 1000
30
20
10
V
S
= +5V
T
A
= +25C
R
L
= 2k
60
OS
+OS
Figure 22. Small Signal Overshoot
vs. Load Capacitance
TEMPERATURE C
S
U
P
P
L
Y
C
U
R
R
E
N
T
/
A
M
P
L
I
F
I
E
R
m
A
0.9
0.65
0.5
40 20 0 20 40 60 80
0.85
0.7
0.6
0.55
0.8
0.75
V
S
= 5V
V
S
= 3V
Figure 25. Supply Current per
Amplifier vs. Temperature
500 ns/DIV
2
0
m
V
/
D
I
V
V
S
= 2.5V
V
IN
= 50mV
A
V
= 1
R
L
= 2k
C
L
= 300pF
T
A
= +25C
0V
Figure 28. Small Signal Transient
Response
AD8531/ AD8532/ AD8534
REV. A
8
APPLICATIONS
THEORY OF OPERATION
The AD8531/AD8532/AD8534 is an all-CMOS, high output
current drive, rail-to-rail input/output operational amplifier.
This is the latest entry in Analog Devices expanding family of
single-supply devices for the multimedia and telecom market-
places. Its high output current drive and stability with heavy ca-
pacitive loads makes the AD8531/AD8532/AD8534 an excellent
choice as a drive amplifier for LCD panels.
Figure 32 illustrates a simplified equivalent circuit for the AD8531/
AD8532/AD8534. Like many rail-to-rail input amplifier configura-
tions, it is comprised of two differential pairs, one n-channel
(M1M2) and one p-channel (M3M4). These differential pairs
are biased by 50 A current sources, each with a compliance
limit of approximately 0.5 V from either supply voltage rail. The
differential input voltage is then converted into a pair of differen-
tial output currents. These differential output currents are then
combined in a compound folded-cascade second gain stage
(M5M9). The outputs of the second gain stage at M8 and M9
provide the gate voltage drive to the rail-to-rail output stage. Ad-
ditional signal current recombination for the output stage is
achieved through the use of transistors M11M14.
In order to achieve rail-to-rail output swings, the AD8531/AD8532/
AD8534 design employs a complementary common-source output
stage (M15M16). However, the output voltage swing is directly
dependent on the load current, as the difference between the out-
put voltage and the supply is determined by the AD8531/AD8532/
AD8534s output transistors on-channel resistance (see Figures 8
and 9). The output stage also exhibits voltage gain by virtue of
the use of common-source amplifiers; as a result, the voltage
gain of the output stage (thus, the open-loop gain of the device)
exhibits a strong dependence to the total load resistance at the
output of the AD8531/AD8532/AD8534.
50A 100A 100A 20A
V
B2
M5
M8
M12
M15
M16
M11
OUT
M3 M4 M2 M1
IN
IN+
V
B3
M6
M7 M10
20A
M13
50A
V+
V
M9
M14
Figure 32. AD8531/AD8532/AD8534 Simplified Equivalent
Circuit
Short-Circuit Protection
As a result of the design of the output stage for maximum load
current capability, the AD8531/AD8532/AD8534 does not have
any internal short-circuit protection circuitry. Direct connection of
the AD8531/AD8532/AD8534s output to the positive supply
in single-supply applications will destroy the device. In those
applications where some protection is needed, but not at the ex-
pense of reduced output voltage headroom, a low value resistor
in series with the output, as shown in Figure 33, can be used.
The resistor, connected within the feedback loop of the ampli-
fier, will have very little effect on the performance of the ampli-
fier other than limiting the maximum available output voltage
swing. For single +5 V supply applications, resistors less than
20 are not recommended.
+5V
R
X
20
V
OUT
V
IN
AD8532
Figure 33. Output Short-Circuit Protection
10
0%
500ns 500mV
100
90
V
S
= 1.35V
A
V
= 1
R
L
= 2k
T
A
= +25C
Figure 30. Large Signal Transient
Response
10
0%
500ns 500mV
100
90
V
S
= 2.5V
A
V
= 1
R
L
= 2k
T
A
= +25C
Figure 29. Large Signal Tran-
sient Response
10
0%
10s
1V
100
90
1V
Figure 31. No Phase Reversal
AD8531/ AD8532/ AD8534
REV. A 9
Power Dissipation
Although the AD8531/AD8532/AD8534 is capable of providing
load currents to 250 mA, the usable output load current drive
capability will be limited to the maximum power dissipation al-
lowed by the device package used. In any application, the abso-
lute maximum junction temperature for the AD8531/AD8532/
AD8534 is 150C, and should never be exceeded for the device
could suffer premature failure. Accurately measuring power
dissipation of an integrated circuit is not always a straightfor-
ward exercise, so Figure 34 has been provided as a design aid
for either setting a safe output current drive level or in selecting
a heat sink for the three package options available on the
AD8531/AD8532/AD8534.
TEMPERATURE C
1.5
1
0
0 100 25
P
O
W
E
R
D
I
S
S
I
P
A
T
I
O
N
W
a
t
t
s
50 75
0.5
85
T
J
MAX = 150C
FREE AIR
NO HEAT SINK
PDIP
JA
= 103C/W
SOIC
JA
= 158C/W
TSSOP
JA
= 240C/W
Figure 34. Maximum Power Dissipation vs. Ambient
Temperature
These thermal resistance curves were determined using the
AD8531/AD8532/AD8534 thermal resistance data for each
package and a maximum junction temperature of 150C. The fol-
lowing formula can be used to calculate the internal junction tem-
perature of the AD8531/AD8532/AD8534 for any application:
T
J
= P
DISS
J A
+ T
A
where T
J
= junction temperature;
P
DISS
= power dissipation;
J A
= package thermal resistance,
junction-to-case; and
T
A
= Ambient temperature of the circuit.
To calculate the power dissipated by the AD8531/AD8532/
AD8534, the following equation can be used:
P
DISS
= I
LOAD
(V
S
V
OUT
)
where I
LOAD
= is output load current;
V
S
= is supply voltage; and
V
OUT
= is output voltage.
The quantity within the parentheses is the maximum voltage
developed across either output transistor. As an additional de-
sign aid in calculating available load current from the AD8531/
AD8532/AD8534, Figure 1 illustrates the AD8531/AD8532/
AD8534 output voltage as a function of load resistance.
Power Calculations for Varying or Unknown Loads
Often, calculating power dissipated by an integrated circuit to
determine if the device is being operated in a safe range is not
as simple as it might seem. In many cases power cannot be
directly measured. This may be the result of irregular output
waveforms or varying loads; indirect methods of measuring
power are required.
There are two methods to calculate power dissipated by an in-
tegrated circuit. The first can be done by measuring the pack-
age temperature and the board temperature. The other is to
directly measure the circuits supply current.
Calculating Power by Measuring Ambient and Case
Temperature
Given the two equations for calculating junction temperature:
T
J
= T
A
+ P
J A
where T
J
is junction temperature, and T
A
is ambient tempera-
ture.
J A
is the junction to ambient thermal resistance.
T
J
= T
C
+ P
J C
where T
C
is case temperature and
J A
and
J C
are given in the
data sheet.
The two equations can be solved for P (power):
T
A
+ P
J A
= T
C
+ P
J C
P = (T
A
T
C
)/ (
J C
J A
)
Once power has been determined it is necessary to go back and
calculate the junction temperature to assure that it has not
been exceeded.
The temperature measurements should be directly on the
package and on a spot on the board that is near the package
but definitely not touching it. Measuring the package could be
difficult. A very small bimetallic junction glued to the package
could be used or it could be done using an infrared sensing
device if the spot size is small enough.
Calculating Power by Measuring Supply Current
Power can be calculated directly knowing the supply voltage
and current. However, supply current may have a dc compo-
nent with a pulse into a capacitive load. This could make rms
current very difficult to calculate. It can be overcome by lifting
the supply pin and inserting an rms current meter into the cir-
cuit. For this to work you must be sure all of the current is be-
ing delivered by the supply pin you are measuring. This is
usually a good method in a single supply system; however, if
the system uses dual supplies, both supplies may need to be
monitored.
Input Overvoltage Protection
As with any semiconductor device, whenever the condition ex-
ists for the input to exceed either supply voltage, the devices
input overvoltage characteristic must be considered. When an
overvoltage occurs, the amplifier could be damaged depending
on the magnitude of the applied voltage and the magnitude of
the fault current. Although not shown here, when the input
voltage exceeds either supply by more than 0.6 V, pn-junctions
internal to the AD8531/AD8532/AD8534 energize allowing
current to flow from the input to the supplies. As illustrated in
the simplified equivalent input circuit (Figure 32), the AD8531/
AD8532/AD8534 does not have any internal current limiting
resistors, so fault currents can quickly rise to damaging levels.
This input current is not inherently damaging to the device as
long as it is limited to 5 mA or less. For the AD8531/AD8532/
AD8534, once the input voltage exceeds the supply by more
than 0.6 V the input current quickly exceeds 5 mA. If this
AD8531/ AD8532/ AD8534
REV. A
10
condition continues to exist, an external series resistor should
be added. The size of the resistor is calculated by dividing the
maximum overvoltage by 5 mA. For example, if the input volt-
age could reach 10 V, the external resistor should be (10 V/5
mA) = 2 k. This resistance should be placed in series with
either or both inputs if they are exposed to an overvoltage con-
dition. For more information on general overvoltage character-
istics of amplifiers refer to the 1993 Seminar Applications Guide,
available from the Analog Devices Literature Center.
Output Phase Reversal
Some operational amplifiers designed for single-supply opera-
tion exhibit an output voltage phase reversal when their inputs
are driven beyond their useful common-mode range. The
AD8531/AD8532/AD8534 is free from reasonable input voltage
range restrictions provided that input voltages no greater than
the supply voltage rails are applied. Although the devices out-
put will not change phase, large currents can flow through in-
ternal junctions to the supply rails, as was pointed out in the
previous section. Without limit, these fault currents can easily
destroy the amplifier. The technique recommended in the in-
put overvoltage protection section should therefore be applied
in those applications where the possibility of input voltages ex-
ceeding the supply voltages exists.
Capacitive Load Drive
The AD8531/AD8532/AD8534 exhibits excellent capacitive
load driving capabilities. It can drive up to 10 nF directly as
shown in Figures 21 through 24. However, even though the
device is stable, a capacitive load does not come without a pen-
alty in bandwidth. As shown in Figure 35, the bandwidth is re-
duced to under 1 MHz for loads greater than 10 nF. A snubber
network on the output wont increase the bandwidth, but it
does significantly reduce the amount of overshoot for a given
capacitive load. A snubber consists of a series R-C network
(R
S
, C
S
), as shown in Figure 36, connected from the output of
the device to ground. This network operates in parallel with the
load capacitor, C
L
, to provide phase lag compensation. The actual
value of the resistor and capacitor is best determined empirically.
CAPACITIVE LOAD nF
4
3.5
0
0.01 100 0.1
B
A
N
D
W
I
D
T
H
M
H
z
1 10
2
1.5
1
0.5
3
2.5
V
S
= 2.5V
R
L
= 1k
T
A
= +25C
Figure 35. Unity-Gain Bandwidth vs. Capacitive Load
+5V
R
S
5
V
OUT
V
IN
100mV p-p
AD8532
C
L
47nF
C
S
1F
Figure 36. Snubber Network Compensates for Capacitive
Loads
The first step is to determine the value of the resistor, R
S
. A
good starting value is 100 . This value is reduced until the
small-signal transient response is optimized. Next, C
S
is deter-
mined10 F is a good starting point. This value is reduced to
the smallest value for acceptable performance (typically, 1 F).
For the case of a 47 nF load capacitor on the AD8531/AD8532/
AD8534, the optimal snubber network is a 5 in series with
1 F. The benefit is immediately apparent as seen in the scope
photo in Figure 37. The top trace was taken with a 47 nF load
and the bottom trace with the 5 1 F snubber network in
place. The amount of overshoot and ringing is dramatically re-
duced. Table I below illustrates a few sample snubber networks
for large load capacitors:
Table I. Snubber Networks for Large Capacitive Loads
Load Capacitance Snubber Network
(C
L
) (R
S
, C
S
)
0.47 nF 300 , 0.1 F
4.7 nF 30 , 1 F
47 nF 5 , 1 F
10
0%
10s
50mV
100
90
50mV
47nF LOAD
ONLY
SNUBBER
IN CIRCUIT
Figure 37. Overshoot and Ringing Is Reduced by Adding
a Snubber Network in Parallel with the 47 nF Load
AD8531/ AD8532/ AD8534
REV. A 11
A High Output Current, Buffered Reference/Regulator
Many applications require stable voltage outputs relatively close
in potential to an unregulated input source. This low drop-
out type of reference/regulator is readily implemented with a
rail-to-rail output op amp, and is particularly useful when using
a higher current device such as the AD8531/AD8532/AD8534.
A typical example is the 3.3 V or 4.5 V reference voltage devel-
oped from a 5 V system source. Generating these voltages re-
quires a three terminal reference, such as the REF196 (3.3 V) or
the REF194 (4.5 V), both which feature low power, with sourc-
ing outputs of 30 mA or less. Figure 38 shows how such a ref-
erence can be outfitted with an AD8531/AD8532/AD8534
buffer for higher currents and/or voltage levels, plus sink and
source load capability.
C2
0.1F
R2
10k 1%
V
OUT1
=
3.3V @ 100mA
R5
0.2
C5
100F/16V
TANTALUM
R1
10k
1%
C1
0.1F
+V
S
+5V
V
OUT2
=
3.3V
C4
1F
6
2
3
4
V
OUT
COMMON
C3
0.1F
V
C
ON/OFF
CONTROL
INPUT CMOS HI
(OR OPEN) = ON
LO = OFF
V
S
COMMON
R3
(SeeText)
R4
3.3k
U2
AD8531
U1
REF196
Figure 38. A High Output Current Reference/Regulator
The low dropout performance of this circuit is provided by
stage U2, an AD8531 connected as a follower/buffer for the basic
reference voltage produced by U1. The low voltage saturation
characteristic of the AD8531/AD8532/AD8534 allows up to
100 mA of load current in the illustrated use, as a 5 V to 3.3 V
converter with good dc accuracy. In fact, the dc output voltage
change for a 100 mA load current delta measured less than
1 mV. This corresponds to an equivalent output impedance of
< 0.01 . In this application, the stable 3.3 V from U1 is ap-
plied to U2 through a noise filter, R1C1. U2 replicates the U1
voltage within a few millivolts, but at a higher current output at
V
OUT1
, with the ability to both sink and source output current(s)
unlike most IC references. R2 and C2 in the feedback path of
U2 provide additional noise filtering.
Transient performance of the reference/regulator for a 100 mA
step change in load current is also quite good and is largely
determined by the R5C5 output network. With values as
shown, the transient is about 20 mV peak and settles to within
2 mV in less than 10 s for either polarity. Although room exists
for optimizing the transient response, any changes to the R5C5
network should be verified by experiment to preclude the possi-
bility of excessive ringing with some capacitor types.
To scale V
OUT2
to another (higher) output level, the optional
resistor R3 (shown dotted) is added, causing, the new V
OUT1
to
become:
V
OUT1
=V
OUT 2
1+
R2
R3
2
/
9
7
P
R
I
N
T
E
D
I
N
U
.
S
.
A
.
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
Dimensions shown in inches and (mm).
8-Pin SOIC
(SO-8)
0.1968 (5.00)
0.1890 (4.80)
8 5
4 1
0.2440 (6.20)
0.2284 (5.80)
PIN 1
0.1574 (4.00)
0.1497 (3.80)
0.0688 (1.75)
0.0532 (1.35)
SEATING
PLANE
0.0098 (0.25)
0.0040 (0.10)
0.0192 (0.49)
0.0138 (0.35)
0.0500
(1.27)
BSC
0.0098 (0.25)
0.0075 (0.19)
0.0500 (1.27)
0.0160 (0.41)
8
0
0.0196 (0.50)
0.0099 (0.25)
x 45
14-Pin SOIC
(SO-14)
14 8
7 1
0.3444 (8.75)
0.3367 (8.55)
0.2440 (6.20)
0.2284 (5.80)
0.1574 (4.00)
0.1497 (3.80)
PIN 1
SEATING
PLANE
0.0098 (0.25)
0.0040 (0.10)
0.0192 (0.49)
0.0138 (0.35)
0.0688 (1.75)
0.0532 (1.35)
0.0500
(1.27)
BSC
0.0099 (0.25)
0.0075 (0.19)
0.0500 (1.27)
0.0160 (0.41)
8
0
0.0196 (0.50)
0.0099 (0.25)
x 45
5-Lead SOT-23
(RT-5)
0.0079 (0.200)
0.0035 (0.090)
0.0236 (0.600)
0.0039 (0.100)
10
0
0.0197 (0.500)
0.0118 (0.300)
0.0590 (0.150)
0.0000 (0.000)
0.0512 (1.300)
0.0354 (0.900)
SEATING
PLANE
0.0571 (1.450)
0.0354 (0.900)
0.1220 (3.100)
0.1063 (2.700)
PIN 1
0.0709 (1.800)
0.0590 (1.500)
0.1181 (3.000)
0.0984 (2.500)
1 3
4 5
0.0748 (1.900)
REF
0.0374 (0.950) REF
NOTE:
PACKAGE OUTLINE INCLUSIVE AS SOLDER PLATING.
2