International Journal of Research in Computer and

Communication Technology, Vol 3, Issue 1, January- 2014

ISSN (Online) 2278- 5841
ISSN (Print) 2320- 5156
www.ijrcct.org Page 59
Alcohol Detection System
Nimmy James
M.E VLSI Design
ECE Department
Sri Ramakrishna Engineering
College, Coimbatore
Tamilnadu,India
nimmykunnappillil@gmail.com
Aparna C
M.E VLSI Design
ECE Department
Sri Ramakrishna Engineering
College, Coimbatore
Tamilnadu,India
aparnaanaswara@gmail.com
Teena P John
M.E VLSI Design
ECE Department
Sri Ramakrishna Engineering
College, Coimbatore
Tamilnadu,India
tjteenash8@gmail.com
AbstractThis system provides a unique method
to curb drunken people. The system has an
alcohol sensor embedded on the steering of the
car. Whenever the driver starts ignition, the
sensor measures the content of the alcohol in his
breath and automatically switches off the car if he
is drunken. In this system the sensor delivers a
current with a linear relationship to the alcohol
molecules from zero to very high concentration.
The output of the sensor is fed to the pic-
microcontroller for comparison. If the measured
value reaches the threshold, relay cut off
automatically and the buzzer produces sound.
KeywordsPIC16F877A, CMOS, MQ-3 gas
sensor
I. INTRODUCTION
This system detects the content of alcohol in the
breath and thus it attempts to clamp down alcoholics.
This system uses PIC16F877A, LCD display, MQ-3
gas sensor, relay and buzzer. The output of the sensor
is directly proportional to the content of alcohol
consumed. Nowadays alcohol sensor play a
significant role in our society and it has vast
applications.
This type of sensors in cars is a great safety factor
which can be embedded in the steering of the cars.
When the driver starts the ignition, sensor measures
the content of the alcohol in his breath and
automatically switches off the car which will stop the
drink driving offenders. Thus we can reduce alcohol
related road accidents and hence these kinds of
detectors have a great relevance. It can also be used
in schools, colleges, offices and some public places
such as hospitals, libraries etc.
II. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig. 1 Block diagramof the proposedalcohol detection
system
Fig.1 shows the block diagram of the proposed
alcohol detection system. Itconsists of an alcohol
sensor, a microcontroller, a relay and a buzzer.
ALCOHOL
SENSOR
MICROCONTROLLER
(PIC 16F877A)
RELAY
BUZZER
International Journal of Research in Computer and
Communication Technology, Vol 3, Issue 1, January- 2014
ISSN (Online) 2278- 5841
ISSN (Print) 2320- 5156
www.ijrcct.org Page 60
III. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Fig. 2 Schematic diagramof the proposedalcohol detection system
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagramof the
proposedalcohol detection system. The details of
each part will be described in the following sections.
IV.SCHEMATIC DESCRIPTION
A.Gas Sensor
This is an alcohol sensor, which detects
ethanol in the air. It is one of the straight forward gas
sensors so it works almost the same way with other
gas sensors. It costs $6.90. Typically, it is used as
part of the breathalyzers or breath testers for the
detection of ethanol in human breath.
International Journal of Research in Computer and
Communication Technology, Vol 3, Issue 1, January- 2014
ISSN (Online) 2278- 5841
ISSN (Print) 2320- 5156
www.ijrcct.org Page 61
Fig.3 MQ-3 Gas Sensor
Basically it has 6 pins, the cover and the
body. Even though it has 6 pins, we can use only 4 of
them. 2 of them are for heating system and other 2
are for connecting power and ground. A little tube is
placed inside the sensor. This tube is a heating
system that is made of aluminium oxide and tin
dioxide and inside of it there are heater coils, which
practically produce the heat. Two pins are connected
to the heater coils and others are connected to the
tube.
The core system is the cube. Basically, it is
an Alumina tube cover by SnO2, which is tin dioxide.
And between them there is an Aurum electrode.
Basically, the alumina tube and the coils are the
heating system.
If the coil is heated up, SnO2 ceramics will
become the semi - conductor, so there are more
movable electrons, which means that it is ready to
make more current flow. Then, when the alcohol
molecules in the air meet the electrode that is
between alumina and tin dioxide, ethanol burns into
acetic acid then more current is produced. So the
more alcohol molecules there are the more current we
will get. Because of this current change, we get the
different values from the sensor.
B.Display Unit
Fig.4 Liquid Crystal Display
LCD display is used for displaying the
message that sent from the remote location. The
LCD module is a dot- matrix liquid crystal display
that displays alphanumeric, kana (Japanese
characters) and symbols. The CMOS technology
makes the device ideal for applications in hand-held
portable and other battery-powered instruments
with low power applications. Most LCDs with 1
controller has 14 Pins and LCDs with 2 controller
has 16 Pins (two pins are extra in both for back-
light LED connections).
Above is the quite simple schematic. It
consists of 16 pins (8 data lines, 3 control lines, 2
power lines, 1 contrast line and 2 pins for back light
LED connection). Data line and control line are
connected to the microcontroller. The LCD panel's
Enable and Register Select is connected to the
Control Port. The Control Port is an open collector /
open drain output. When connecting LCD module
to a parallel I/O device, the burden of ensuring
proper operation falls on the software. While most
Parallel Ports have internal pull-upresistors, there is
a few which don't. Therefore by incorporating the
two 10K external pull up resistors, the circuit is
more portable for a wider range of computers, some
of which may have no internal pull up resistors.
At the interface of LCD module, there are
three power supply terminals- Vdd, GND, Vo. The
LCD is driven by a voltage which is determined by
Vdd-Vo.
The data bus lines are DB7-DB0.When the
enable signal is at the low level, this data bus
terminals will remain in a high impedance state.
When the data bus is open it produces a high output
voltage. When the busy flag is at a high level, it
indicates that the controller is in the internal
operation mode and the next instruction will not be
accepted. The next instruction must be written after
the busy flag goes low. The delay should be
suitable for most machines. If the LCD panel is not
initializing properly, you can try increasing the
delays.
The LCD module is automatically initialized
or reset when the power is turned on using the
internal reset circuit. The busy flag holds 1 and
does not accept instructions until initialization ends.
The busy state lasts for 15 minutes after Vdd rises
to 4.5 volts. When power supply restrictions are not
met, the internal reset circuit will not operate
normally and the initialization will not be
performed. In this case, the controller should be
initialized by the MPU according to initializing by
instruction.
International Journal of Research in Computer and
Communication Technology, Vol 3, Issue 1, January- 2014
ISSN (Online) 2278- 5841
ISSN (Print) 2320- 5156
www.ijrcct.org Page 62
C. Relay
Fig.5 ULN 2803
A ULN2803 is an Integrated Circuit (IC)
chip with a High Voltage/High Current Darlington
Transistor Array. The chip takes low level signals
(TLL, CMOS, PMOS, NMOS - which operate at low
voltages and low currents) and acts as a relay of sorts
itself, switching on or off a higher level signal on the
opposite side.
A TTL signal operates from 0-5V, with
everything between 0.0 and 0.8V considered "low" or
off, and 2.2 to 5.0V being considered "high" or on.
The maximum power available on a TTL signal
depends on the type, but generally does not exceed
25mW (~5mA @ 5V), so it is not useful for
providing power to something like a relay coil.
Computers and other electronic devices frequently
generate TTL signals. On the output side the
ULN2803 is generally rated at 50V/500mA, so it can
operate small loads directly. Alternatively, it is
frequently used to power the coil of one or more
relays, which in turn allow even higher
voltages/currents to be controlled by the low level
signal. In electrical terms, the ULN2803 uses the low
level (TTL) signal to switch on/turn off the higher
voltage/current signal on the outputside.
The ULN2803 comes in an 18-pin IC configuration
and includes eight (8) transistors. Pins 1-8 receive the
low level signals; pin 9 is grounded (for the low level
signal reference). Pin 10 is the common on the high
side and would generally be connected to the positive
of the voltage you are applying to the relay coil. Pins
11-18 are the outputs (Pin 1 drives Pin 18, Pin 2
drives 17, etc.).
D. Microcontroller
A microcontroller is used for controlling
entire circuits and to maintain timings. Here a
microcontroller named PIC16F877A from Microchip
corporation is used for this purpose. It is a 16 bit
microcontroller and has 40 pins arranged in 4 I/O
ports, that ports are used here for connecting LCD
module and to interface with the load.
Fig.6 PIC16F877A
As shown in the above figure microcontroller
is wired with a crystal for clock and each pin of
crystal is connected to ground through capacitors to
avoid noise pulse in the clock. Here a 4MHz crystal
is used that gives 4MHz clock for the microcontroller
E.Power supply and voltage regulator
Fig.7 Power supply and voltage regulator
International Journal of Research in Computer and
Communication Technology, Vol 3, Issue 1, January- 2014
ISSN (Online) 2278- 5841
ISSN (Print) 2320- 5156
www.ijrcct.org Page 63
The circuit diagram of the power supply unit is
shown above.It mainly consists of a voltage regulator
(here it is 7805). The voltage regulator plays an
important role in a power supply unit. Output of the
power supply unit is always dc which is given to the
controller.
The primary purpose of the regulator is to
aid the rectifier and filter circuit in providing a
constant dc voltage to the device. Power supplies
without regulators have an inherent problem of
changing of dc voltage values due to variations in the
load or due to fluctuations in the input voltage. With
regulator connected to the dc output, the voltage can
be maintained with a close tolerant region of desired
output.
Fig. 8 Flow chart of proposedalcohol detection
system
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The circuit has an alcohol sensor. This sensor
measures the content of alcohol from the breath of
drunken people. The sensor delivers a current with
linear relationship to the alcohol molecules from zero
to very high concentrations. Output of the sensor is
directly proportional to the alcohol content. When the
alcohol molecules in the air meet the electrode that is
between alumina and tin dioxide in the sensor,
ethanol burns into acetic acid then more current is
produced. So the more alcohol molecules more will
be the current produced. Because of this current
change, we get the different values from the sensor.
Output of the sensor is then fed to the microcontroller
for comparison.
The output of the sensor is in the analog
nature which should be converted into digital format.
This is done by the analog to digital converter of the
microcontroller unit. The microcontroller controls the
entire circuit. When the measured value reaches the
threshold (here it is 255) the microcontroller switches
the ignition ON. Then relay cuts off automatically
and buzzer produces sound. The LCD displays the
message that sent from the microcontroller unit.
The working conditions and various
constraints were properly studied before carrying out
further steps. The components were purchased and
the circuit was initially set on the breadboard. The
PCB was fabricated as per the requirement and was
soldered with components, taking proper care to
avoid shorting between various connections. The
output was verified on the PCB. The circuit worked
successfully.
Fig. 9 PCB layout of proposedalcohol detection
system
International Journal of Research in Computer and
Communication Technology, Vol 3, Issue 1, January- 2014
ISSN (Online) 2278- 5841
ISSN (Print) 2320- 5156
www.ijrcct.org Page 64
In this system alcohol sensor is embedded
on the steering of the car. Whenever the driver starts
the ignition the sensor measures the content of
alcohol in his breath and automatically switches off
the car if he is drunk.
VI. CONCLUSION
Our project Alcohol Detection Systemwas
implemented successfully. This device provides
much advanced facilities in now a days life as it can
be easily implemented in vehicles. Thus we can
reduce alcohol related road accidents and hence these
kinds of detectors have a great relevance. It can also
be used in schools, colleges, offices and some public
places such as hospitals, libraries etc.
Through this project we present hardware
programming of microcontroller to facilitate as
alcohol sensor.
VII. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
The project can be extended to an improved
version for preventing drunk drivers from getting on
the road with new concept car filled with alcohol-
detection sensors. These new sensors check a
persons odours, sweat, and driver awareness to see if
they are capable of driving their car. If theyre not
quite sober, the car locks up the ignition system
thereby preventing the driver from getting on the
road. In this project we embedded the sensor on the
steering of the car. In addition to the breathalyzers,
skin sensors can also be provided for more safety.
REFERENCES
[1] Dr. Charles Kim,Embedded computing with pic
16F877A
[2] Martin Jawitz,Printed circuit board materials
hand book
[3] www.alldatasheets.com