Edexcel GCE

Chemistry (Nuffield)
6254/01

Results Mark Scheme
June 2006




















































E
d
e
x
c
e
l

G
C
E

C
h
e
m
i
s
t
r
y

(
N
u
f
f
i
e
l
d
)


6
2
5
4
/
0
1

2
3

1 (a) Any 2
Measure the loss in mass as a gas/carbon dioxide is given off (1)

Measure the concentration of the acid by titration
OR Carry out a titration with sodium hydroxide (1)
NOT titration on its own

Measure conductivity because 4 ions go to 3 ions/decrease in
ions/change in number of ions (1)

Measure pH because acid is used up /changes/concentration
changes/one reactant is acidic (1)

NOT dilatometry/nmr/x-ray crystallography/temperature
change/colorimetry/indicator/change in mass of CaCO
3
















(2 marks)

(b) Initially some carbon dioxide dissolves in the solution (until the solution
is saturated).
OR
Some CO
2
might escape whilst adding acid/before putting on bung




(1 mark)
(c) (i) 88 (cm
3
)

(1 mark)
(ii) 95 72 16
125 79 9
155 84 4
185 87 1




(1 mark)
(iii) The concentration of the hydrochloric acid/HCl
OR [HCl]
NOT concentration of reactants


(1 mark)

4

(iv)

points correctly plotted (1)
ALLOW TE for points

and reasonably smooth curve drawn (1)
NOT dot-to-dot






















(2 marks)

(v) three successive half-lives shown on the graph (1)
MUST start at defined volume NOT 0s/85cm
3


all three values similar about 37s (1)
ALLOW 32-42 or show on graph
NOT 40, 80, 120

constant half-life / half-life not increasing means first order
reaction (1)
If only two half lives shown max 2
If in (v) zero/2
nd
order deduced max 1 for first part but TE
allowed to parts (vi) and (vii)











(3 marks)

(vi) rate = k[HCl]
OR rate =k[HCl]
1
OR rate =K[HCl]
1
[CaCO
3
]
0

NOT rate = k[V
final
-V
t
]
1

If zero order
rate = k
OR rate = k[HCl]
0
If second order
rate = k [HCl]
2
NOT rate = k[CaCO
3
]
1
[HCl]
1






(1 mark)

(vii) s
-1



T.E
zero order mol dm
-3
s
-1

second order dm
3
mol
-1
s
-1




(1 mark)
ALLOW extrapolated back
to between 88 and 100
5

(d) S
system

positive + some sensible reason eg gas given off (1)
as a mole of a gas given off and three moles including one solid becomes
three moles with no solid / gas more random than solid
OR
Gas more disordered than a solid

OR
Despite same number of moles/particles (1)


S
total

positive + some reason (1)
e.g.
positive because reaction exothermic/favourable (1)

positive + good reason (2)
e.g
positive because reaction is spontaneous/goes to completion /feasible
OR S
surroundings
is positive because H is negative/reaction exothermic
S
total
positive (2)
[provided S
system
shown positive earlier]






















(4 marks)

TOTAL 17 MARKS

6

2 (a) sodium ethanoate (1)
NOT sodium methanoate
NOT sodium ethoxide

neutralisation / acid-base (1)
If more than one answer given and one is incorrect (0)
e.g. substitution neutralisation (0)






(2 marks)

(b) 4-iodomethoxybenzene / 4-methoxyiodobenzene (1)
ALLOW 4-iodo-1-methoxybenzene
ALLOW 4-methoxy-1-iodobenzene
NOT 4-iodine..
NOT 4-iodide.

Electrophilic/electrophile (1)
ALLOW reasonable spelling e.g. electrophyllic
ALLOW correct diagram showing mechanism
e.g.
+

I Cl


Attacking benzene ring














(2 marks)

(c) ethanamide (1)
ALLOW ethaneamide
nucleophilic/nucleophile (1)
IGNORE if S
N
1/S
N
2 included but NOT S
N
1 on its own nor S
N
2 on its
own



(2 marks)

(d) Propan(e)(-)1,2,3(-)triol / glycerol (1)
ALLOW glycerine
ALLOW 1,2,3-propan(e)triol
NOT prop 1,2,3-triol
NOT propan-1,2,3-ol

Decanoic acid (1)
Hydrolysis/hydrolysation (1)
NOT condensation/hydration








(3 marks)

Total 9 marks


7

3 (a) (i) arene /high C:H ratio/high C-H ratio/contain a benzene ring
/low H:C ratio
NOT alkene
NOT unsaturated





(1 mark)
(ii) aldehyde or ketone / carbonyl group
ALLOW C=O
NOT double bonded oxygen



(1 mark)
(iii) aldehyde
If in (ii) aldehyde or ketone given, then ALLOW not ketone
in (iii)
NOT can be oxidised




(1 mark)
(iv) alkene / activated arene
ALLOW contains a carbon-carbon double bond/unsaturated
NOT enhanced arene/delocalised electrons/has a double
bond/benzene




(1 mark)

(v) contains the same two groups/atoms on the same side (of a
double bond) /OWTTE
NOT trans isomer as well
[The mark for (iv) might be seen here!]



(1 mark)

(vi) Need not be displayed


H
C
H
C
H
C O

Benzene ring and cis alkene (1) if whole molecule is C
9
H
8
O
aldehyde (1) aldehyde anywhere if whole molecule is C
9
H
8
O










(2 marks)

8

(b) (i) Any 5

Dissolve in the minimum volume (1)

of boiling/hot water (1)

Filter to remove insoluble impurities (1)

Cool to precipitate benzoic acid (1)

Filter off precipitate to leave impurities in solution (1)

Wash with (cold) solvent/water (to remove any remaining
soluble impurities) (1)

dry between pieces of filter paper (to remove water/solvent)
(1)

If dissolve in boiling water, cool and filter 2 max
If method will not work 3 max





















(5 marks)

(ii) a sharp melting point
OR mpt same as data book

MUST compare with data book value
NOT measure melting point on its own



(1 mark)

(c) (i) 2C
6
H
5
CO
2
H(s) + Na
2
CO
3
(aq) 2C
6
H
5
CO
2
Na (aq) + H
2
O(l) + CO
2
(g)


H
2
CO
3
(aq)
Formula and balancing (1)
State symbols (1)

All five state symbols must be correct and products must have
correct formulae but not necessarily balanced or just a slip in
formula

If NaCO
3
then if ALL state symbols are correct and formulae of
products correct 1 max

If NaHCO
3
as the product max 2















(2 marks)

9

(ii)
C
6
H
5
CO
2
H / C
6
H
5
CO
2

+ H
+
(1)

[C
6
H
5
CO
2

] x [H
+
]
K
a
= [C
6
H
5
CO
2
H] (1)

State symbols not required
ALLOW H
3
O
+
in equation and K
a
expression







(2 marks)
(iii)
K
a
= 6.30 x 10
-5
= [H
+
(aq)]
2
(1)

0.001
[H
+
]
2
= 6.30 x 10
-8
[H
+
] = 2.51 x 10
-4
(1) ALLOW TE if incorrect [H
+
]
pH = 3.6/3.60/3.600 (1) but correctly applied
pH = -log[H
+
]

Correct answer with no working (3)







(3 marks)

(d) sodium / potassium benzoate
OR formula
NOT sodium hydroxide
NOT sodium carbonate
NOT sodium benzonate, sodium benzenoate, sodium ethanoate
NOT C
6
H
5
CO
2

If correct name given ignore partly drawn structures
e.g.


OR C
6
H
5
CO
2

(1 mark)

10

4 (a) pentyl dichloroethanoate (1)
ALLOW 1,1 OR 2,2-
ALLOW pent-1-yl /all one word
NOT penten
NOT pentan
NOT pentanyl

ester (1)
ALLOW esther








(2 marks)

(b) (i) using a pipette remove a known volume (say 20 cm
3
) (1)

remove some solution either with a pipette
OR a known volume/ 20 cm
3


titrate with an alkali (such as sodium hydroxide) (1)

of known concentration (1) dependent on previous mark ie must
have mentioned alkali

IGNORE quenching

using a named indicator eg. phenolphthalein/methyl orange (1)
NOT litmus/universal indicator

Measure pH on its own 1 (out of 4)
But if calculation fully explained from pH can get full marks

















(4 marks)
(ii) [CHCl
2
COOC
5
H
11
(l)]
K
c
= [CHCl
2
COOH(l)] x [C
5
H
10
(l)]

State symbols not required




(1 mark)
(iii) C
5
H
10
1.7 (1) 1.7 = 5.67(5.7) NOT 5.66
0.3
(1) for moles at eq
CHCl
2
COOC
5
H
11
0.6 (1) 0.6 = 2 by 0.3 in both cases
0.3





(3 marks)


11

(iv)
K
c
= 0.6 / 0.3 x 1.7 / 0.3 (1) =
67 . 5 33 . 1
2

1.33
= 0.265 (1) dm
3
mol
-1
/ mol
-1
dm
3
(1)
NOT dm
-3

ALLOW 0.27/0.26/0.264
Penalise 1 SF or 4SF or more SF but only take off 1 mark maximum in
(iii) and (iv) for significant figure errors

ALLOW TE from expression in (ii)
TE using numbers for (iii) full marks possible













(3 marks)
TOTAL 13 MARKS

Total for paper: 60 Marks