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    MAC Protocols

    Uploaded by

    atozns
    This document discusses efficient MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks. It describes S-MAC, T-MAC, and WiseMAC protocols which aim to reduce energy waste from issues like collision, overhearing, control packet overhead, and idle listening. S-MAC uses periodic sleep-listen cycles while T-MAC varies listen periods based on activation events. WiseMAC uses preamble sampling and dual channels. The document also briefly mentions TRAMA and SIFT protocols and compares the protocols based on properties like need for time synchronization, type, adaptivity, advantages, and disadvantages.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    MAC Protocols

    Uploaded by

    atozns
    86 views18 pages
    This document discusses efficient MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks. It describes S-MAC, T-MAC, and WiseMAC protocols which aim to reduce energy waste from issues like collision, overhearing, control packet overhead, and idle listening. S-MAC uses periodic sleep-listen cycles while T-MAC varies listen periods based on activation events. WiseMAC uses preamble sampling and dual channels. The document also briefly mentions TRAMA and SIFT protocols and compares the protocols based on properties like need for time synchronization, type, adaptivity, advantages, and disadvantages.

    Original Description:

    MAC Protocols.Useful while study sensor networks

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    This document discusses efficient MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks. It describes S-MAC, T-MAC, and WiseMAC protocols which aim to reduce energy waste from issues like collision, overhearing, control packet overhead, and idle listening. S-MAC uses periodic sleep-listen cycles while T-MAC varies listen periods based on activation events. WiseMAC uses preamble sampling and dual channels. The document also briefly mentions TRAMA and SIFT protocols and compares the protocols based on properties like need for time synchronization, type, adaptivity, advantages, and disadvantages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    86 views18 pages

    MAC Protocols

    Uploaded by

    atozns
    This document discusses efficient MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks. It describes S-MAC, T-MAC, and WiseMAC protocols which aim to reduce energy waste from issues like collision, overhearing, control packet overhead, and idle listening. S-MAC uses periodic sleep-listen cycles while T-MAC varies listen periods based on activation events. WiseMAC uses preamble sampling and dual channels. The document also briefly mentions TRAMA and SIFT protocols and compares the protocols based on properties like need for time synchronization, type, adaptivity, advantages, and disadvantages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Efficient MAC Protocols for

    Wireless Sensor Networks


    Mahendra Kumar

    Properties of a Well
    Defined MAC Protocol

    Energy Efficient
    Scalability
    Adaptability to changes in network
    topology
    Latency, throughput, bandwidth
    Fairness not so important

    Reason of Energy Waste

    Collision
    Overhearing
    Control Packet overhead
    Idle Listening
    Overremitting

    Existing MAC Protocols

    Sensor-MAC (S-MAC) : Listen-sleep

    Timeout-MAC (T-MAC) : Activation event

    WiseMAC : Preamble Sampling

    S-MAC

    Main goal reduce power consumption


    Three major components:

    Periodic sleep-listen

    Collision and overhearing avoidance

    Message passing

    Periodic Sleep-Listen

    Each node goes to sleep for some time,


    and then wakes up and listens to see if
    any other node wants to talk to it.

    During Sleep it turn off its radio.

    Collision and Overhearing


    Avoidance

    Interfering nodes go to sleep after they hear


    an RTS or CTS packet.

    Duration field in each transmitted packet


    indicates how long the remaining transmission
    will be.

    S-MAC

    Maintaining
    Synchronization

    The listen/sleep scheme requires


    synchronization among neighboring nodes.

    Updating schedules is accomplished by


    sending a SYNC packet.

    Advantages/Disadvantage
    s

    Energy waste caused by idle listening is


    reduced by sleep schedules.

    Sleep and listen periods are predefined and


    constant which decreases the efficiency of the
    algorithm under variable traffic load.

    Timeout-MAC (T-MAC)

    Proposed to enhance the poor results of S-MAC protocol


    under variable traffic load.

    Listen period ends when no activation event has


    occurred for a time threshold TA.

    Reduce idle listening by transmitting all messages in


    bursts of variable length, and sleeping between bursts.

    times out on hearing nothing.

    S-MAC Vs T-MAC

    Advantages/Disadvantage
    s

    Gives better result under variable load.

    Suffers from early sleeping problem node


    goes to sleep when a neighbor still has
    messages for it.

    WiseMAC

    All nodes defined to have two communication


    channels.

    Data channel uses TDMA

    Control channel uses CSMA

    Preamble sampling used to decrease idle


    listening time.
    Nodes sample the medium periodically to see if
    any data is going to arrive.

    WiseMAC

    Advantages/Disadvantage
    s

    Dynamic preamble length adjustment results


    in better performance.

    Conflict when one node starts to send the


    preamble to a node that is already receiving
    another nodes transmission where the
    preamble sender is not within range. Hidden
    terminal problem

    Other MAC Protocols

    SIFT :Event Driven


    TRAMA : Traffic Adaptive MAC,
    TDMA Based

    MAC
    Protocol

    Time Sync
    Needed

    Type

    Adaptivity to
    Changes

    Advantages

    Disadvantages

    S-MAC

    No

    CSMA,
    Contention
    -based

    Good

    Energy waste caused by


    idle listening is reduced by
    sleep schedules.
    Simplicity.

    Sleep and listen periods are


    predefined and constant, which
    decreases the efficiency of the
    algorithm under variable traffic
    load.

    T-MAC

    No

    CSMA,
    Contention
    based

    Good

    Gives better results under


    variable loads

    Early sleeping problem.

    WiseMAC

    No

    CSMA,
    Preamble based

    Good

    Dynamic preamble length


    adjustment results in better
    performance under
    variable traffic conditions.

    Decentralized sleep-listen
    scheduling results in different
    sleep and wake-up times for
    each neighbor of a node. Hidden
    terminal problem

    TRAMA

    Yes

    TDMA/CSMA

    Good

    Higher percentage of sleep


    time and less collision
    probability is achieved
    compared to CSMA based
    protocols.

    Without considering the


    transmissions and receptions, the
    duty cycle is at least 12.5 %,
    which is a considerably high
    value.

    SIFT

    No

    CSMA/CA,
    Contention
    Window-based

    Good

    Very low latency is


    achieved with many traffic
    sources.

    Increased idle listening caused


    by listening to all slots before
    sending. System-wide time
    synchronization is needed for
    slotted contention windows.

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