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WTO

Introduction
Established: 1 January, 1995
Created By: Uruguay Round
Negotiation(1986-94)
Ministerial meeting at Marrakesh,
Morocco in 1994 decided to establish
WTO
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WTO
Functions
1. Administering WTO trade agreement
2. Forum to trade negotiations
3. Handling trade dispute
4. Monitoring trade policies
5. Technical assistance and training for developing
countries
6. Cooperation with other international
organization
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WTO
Principles
1. Non-discrimination
A country should not discriminate
between its trading partners.
should not discriminate between
its own and foreign products,
services or nationals.
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WTO
2. More Upon
Lowering trade barriers include custom duties
for tariffs and measures such as import bans
or quotas that restrict quantities selectively
3. Predictive and transparent
Foreign companies, investors and
governments should be confident that trade
barriers should not be raised arbitrarily
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WTO
4. More Competitive
Discouraging unfair practices, such as export
subsidies and dumping products at below cost to
gain market share
5. More beneficial for less developed countries

Giving more time to adjust, greater flexibility


and special privileges.

Over three-quarters are developing countries

And countries in transition to market


economies.
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WTO
6. Protect the environment
Permit members to take measures to protect
not only the environment but also public
health, animal health and plant health.
These measures must be applied in the same
way to both national and foreign business.
Members must not use environmental
protection measures as a means of disguising
protectionist policies.
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WTO
Developing Countries-Development and trade
Longer time periods to implement agreements
and commitments
Measures to increase trading opportunities and
support to help build infrastructure for WTO
work
Handle disputes, and implement technical
standards
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WTO
Increase their ability to trade
Preferential market access
A WTO committee on trade and development,
assisted by a sub-committee on least
developed countries looks at developing
countries special needs(implementation of
agreements, technical cooperation, and the
increased participation of developing
countries in the global trading system.
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WTO
Technical assistance and training
Organizes around 100 technical cooperation
mission to developing countries annually.
Holds Three Trade Policy courses each year(on
the average) in Geneva for government
officials.
Regular regional seminars.
Reference centers in over 100 countries
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