MICROPROCESSOR BASED POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

NUMERICAL RELAYS

1.TRANSMISSION LINES PROTECTION

2.TRANSFORMER
3.BUS-BAR
4.DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS
5.GENERATOR
6.MOTOR

DIGITAL RELAYS
LOW COST
MATHEMATICAL CAPABILITY/PROCESSOR BASED
SELF CHECKING
LOW CT/PT BURDEN

METERING
FAULT REPORT
FAULT- LOCATION
EVENT LOGGING
OSCILLOGRAPHY RECORD/FAULT DATA
INFORMATION

DIGITAL RELAYS
STANDARD HARDWARE

FLEXIBILITY IN OPERATION
MULTI FUNCTION
COMMUNICATION
ADAPTIVE RELAYING
CONNECTIVITY WITH SCADA

ADOPTING RTU FUNCTION

KEYBOARD INTERFACE

DIGITAL INPUT
SUBSYSTEM
POWER
SYSTEM
INTERFACE

ANALOG INPUT
SUBSYSTEM

COMMUNICATON
PORT

RELAY
SOFTWAE

DIGITAL OUTPUT
SUBSYSTEM

CONSOLE PANEL
LCD/ LED
TARGETS/ALARMS

DIGITAL RELAY GENERAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

POWER
SUPPLY

RAM

ROM
SIGNAL

Substation
Equipment

CONDITIONING

MUX

EQUIPMENT

ANALOG TO
DIGITAL
CONVERTER
(ADC)

MICROPROCESSOR

EEPROM

POWER
SUPPLY

Address /Data Bus

LED
Target

LCD Display
Front- Panel
Controls

Serial I/O
OPTOISOLATION

RELAY
O/P

CONTACT
INPUTS
OPTOISOLATION

DIGITAL RELAY HARDWARE BLOCK DIAGRAM

CONFIGURATION FOR DEMONSTRATION

20 MONITOR
OWS

20 MONITOR

20 MONITOR

OWS

OWS

OC NET

ON LAN
INK JET PRINTER-2
LASER JET PRINTER-1

HUB
REDUNDANT
SERVER
+
EWS

SERVER
+
EWS

WINDOWS NT
BASED MMI

BIT BUS(MMI)
BIT BUS(REDUNDANT)

BAY
CONTROLLER

BAY
CONTROLLER

BAY
CONTROLLER

PROTECTION

PROTECTION

PROTECTION

BUSBAR BAY

LINE BAY

TRANSFORMER BAY

FOR METERING
FOR O.C PROTECTION
FOR METERING
MOCB
ISOLATOR

CB

FOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

33:6.6 KV Y

POWER T/F

TRANSFORMER

DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

PT

FOR O.C PROTECTION

6.6 KV:110 V

FOR METERING

OCB 800A

400 A
OCB

BUS COUPLER

OC

100:1
PROTECTION
1
2
FEEDER 1

5
6 7 8
STATION
TRANSFORMER

10

TO ELECTO
MAGNETIC LAB

ONE LINE DIAGRAM OF THE DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATION AT

CORP. R & D DIVIN

11

X-Scale 1cm =10 ms

Y- Scale 1 cm=5 mV
2.5 ms

FILTER OUTPUT

LINE CURRENT

WAVE SHAPE OF CURRENT SIGNAL UNDER LOAD CONDITION

WAVE SHAPE OF CURRENT SIGNAL AT NO LOAD

BASIC ALGORITHMS
1.Man & Morrison

Ip

i (

tan
ik

'

i'

i
(
)
i'

i
k 1ik 1
(
)
2h

2.RAMA MOORTY

1 N 1
2l
Vs [2 Vk N lSin( )
N l 1
N
N 1
1
2l
Vc [Vk n Vk 2Vk N 1Cos(
)
N
N
l 1

(Vs 2 Vc 2

tan

Vc
(
)
Vs

3.Mc Innes & Morrison

v R eff i L

di
eff
dt

Reff
v
k
[vk 1] [f(ik, ik 1)] [
]
Leff

THE DETAILS OF THE PROTECTION ALGORITHM

OVER CURRENT RELAY TP 51

[ IH 2
[ IL2

UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY B27

RATIO DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

B 87

K 22 ]

VAB 2

{Is 2
It 2

K 12 ]

K 32

VAB ( t ) VA(t ) VB (t )

K 4 2.MAX.( I 12 , I 2 2 )} K 5 2

Ks 2

Is (t )

(t );

n 1

it (t )

i
n2

(t )

PROTEC BR
Numerical Feeder Protection Relay

FUNCTIONS:

PROTEC-BR is a microprocessor based

multifunction numeric relay for a distribution
substation feeder.

Three phase o/c relay

Earthfault relay
Thermal Overload relay
Undercurrent protection
Circuit Breaker failure
Detection
Cold load pickup
Latching output contacts
Setting groups
Blocking logic
Event recording & Metering

50 / 51
50N / 51N
49
37
50 BF

86
2
FEATURES
Applicable to substations of various types and ratings
Compact rack
User configurable protection scheme
Online display of parameters and variables
Powerful self diagnostics and failsafe mode of operation
Can be powered with 110 / 220 V dc from station batteries
CPRI certification as per IEC-60255 standards

AUTORECLOSER RELAY
PROTECTION FUNCTIONS

THREE PHASE O/C WITH SELECTABLE

IDMT/DEFINITE TIME CHARACTERISTICS
EARTH FAULT WITH SELECTABLE IDMT /
DEFINITE TIME CHARACTERISTICS
COLD LOAD PICKUP LOGIC
CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE
BROKEN CONDUCTOR
CONTROL FUNCTIONS
MULTI-SHOT (4) AUTORECLOSER
EACH SHOT IS INDEPENDENTLY PROGRAMABLE
CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL TWO SETTING GROUPS

Numerical Motor Protection Relay

FEATURES
Locked Rotor Protection based on
impedance measurement
Three phase o/c relay with selectable
IDMT /definite time characteristics
Earth fault relay with selectable IDMT /
definite time characteristics
Negative sequence relay
Thermal Overload protection
Wide setting range
Suitable for medium and large motors

EWS &
OWS
RS 485 BUS

PROTEC-BR
1
4
7
.
IMOK
PWGD

2
5
8

3
6
9

F1
F3

F2
F4

YES

NO

0
BRKFL

THOL

PROTEC-BR
1
4
7
.

CR
EFSNS

OCSNS

ACK

TRIP

IMOK
PWGD

2
5
8

3
6
9

F1
F3

F2
F4

Y ES

NO

0
BRKFL

THOL

PROTEC-BR
1
4
7
.

CR
EFSNS

OCSNS

ACK

TRIP

IMOK
PWGD

2
5
8

3
6
9

F1
F3

F2
F4

YES

NO

0
BRKFL

THOL

PROTEC-BR
1
4
7
.

CR
EFSNS

OCSNS

TRIP

ACK

IMOK
PWGD

2
5
8

3
6
9

F1
F3
YES

0
BRKFL

THOL

F2
F4
NO

CR
EFSNS

OCSNS

ACK

TRIP

PROTEC-BR (CONFIGURED AS REMOTE RTUs)

SCADA CONFIGURATION
PROPOSED AT CORP R&D SUB STATION

PROTEC NR

NUMERICAL LINE PROTECTION RELAY

PROTEC-NR IS A MICROPROCESSOR BASED MULTIFUNCTION
NUMERIC RELAY TO PROVIDE DISTANCE PROTECTION FOR
TRANSMISSION LINES
PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
DISTANCE RELAY (PHASE TO GROUND) 21 G
DISTANCE RELAY (PHASE TO PHASE)

21 P

THREE PHASE DIR. OVERCURRENT

67 P

DIRECTIONAL EARTH FAULT

67 N

THREE PHASE OVERVOLTAGE

59

THREE PHASE UNDERVOLTAGE

27

AUTORECLOSER WITH VOLTAGE

AND PHASE CHECK SYNCHRONIZATION

CERTIFICATION AT CPRI (As per IEC 60255 Std.)

1.Accuracy Test
2. 1MHz Burst Disturbance test
3.Insulation Test
4.Mechanical Endurance Test
5.Making and Breaking Capacity
6.Thermal Over Load Test
7.Auxiliary Voltage Variation Test

8.Stability Test
9.Overshoot Test

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF FILTE BANK

PROTECTION FOR NATIONAL HVDC PROJECT
ADVANTAGES
INTERCONNECTION OF TWO SYSTEM AT DIFFERENT

FREQUENCY
FLEXIBILITY IN CONTROL OF POWER FLOW
REDUCED TRANSMISSION LOSSES
DAMPINS OUT OSCILLATIONS AND IMPROVE STABILITY
MARGINS
REDUCED CONDUCTOR SIZE AND RIGHT OF WAY
REDUCED CORONA AND RADIO INTER-FERENCE
LIMITING TRANSFER OF FAULT CURRENT

NHVDC PROJECT USES ONE CIRCUIT OF EXISTING

DOUBLE CIRCUIT 220kV AC LINE BETWEEN BARSOOR
AND LOWER SILERU
FIRST STAGE

100kV, 100MW POWER IN THE MONO POLAR MODE USING

EARTH RETURN

SECOND STAGE
220kV WITH OPERATION IN THE BIPOLAR MODE

WITH A TRANSMISSION CAPABILITY OF 400 MW.

MAIN EQUIPMENTS OF NHVDC PROJECT

* TWO SERIES CONNECTED 12 PULSE CONVERTERS CONSISTING

OF VALUES AND CONVERTER TRANSFORMER
* SMOOTHING REACTOR IN THE DC CIRCUIT TO REDUCE
HARMONIC CURRENT AND TRANSIENT O/C
* FILTERS ON THE AC SIDE AND ON THE DC SIDE ALSO TO BY

PASS HARMONIC GENERATED AT THE CONVERTERS

* SHUNT CAPACITORS TO COMPLEMENT THE REACTIVE POWER
GENERATED

* CONTROL SYSTEM TO GIVE THE DESIGNED OPERATIONAL

PERFORMANCE OF THE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

DETAILS OF FIFTH/SEVENTH HARMONIC FILTER

CTF 31 125/1
Q2-X13

12/32 HARMONIC 20 MVAR FILTER BANK PROTECTION AT NHVDC

PROJECT SITE .
(LOWER SILERU)
T.B.No
AZ - 14
AFP

CH
1.31uF

CTF 32
Q2-X12

Differential Protection:
Alarm : 15 A (pri) / 0.12 A (scy) = 0.348 Vp
at ADC
Trip : 30 A(pri) / 0.24A (scy) = 696 Vp

2/1

Capacitor Unbalance Protection:

RH
625 ohms

LH
20.5mH

LL
20.5 ohms

RL
125 ohms

CL
1.26uF

Alarm : 0.150 A(pri) / 75mA (scy)=0.212 Vp

at ADC
Delayed Trip: 0.124 A(pri) / 107 mA (scy)

0.302 Vp at ADC
Trip: 0.297 A(pri) 0.1485 A(scy) 0.402 Vp
at ADC
Backup Trip:0.594 A(pri) / 0.297 A(scy)=0.804 Vp
at ADC

Resistor/ Reactor Harmonic overload protecion

CTF 33
Q1-X4

150/1

Reactor: Alarm 64.4 A (pri)

Trip
66.0 A (pri)
Alarm 23.0 A (pri)
Resistor Trip
27.0 A (Trip)

Fundamental Frequency Overload Protection

CTF 34
Q1-X5

125/1

Alarm : 65 A (pri) /0.5 A (scy) =1.47 Vp at ADC

Ktrip : 70 A(pri) /0.55 A(scy) 1.569 Vp
at ADC
High-set: 80 A(pri)/ 0.65(scy) 1.7929 Vp at ADC

5/7 Filter Bank Current at Various Loads

Harmonic Currents
Power Flow
11th

Fund

Third

Harmonic

Currents

Fifth

Seventh

30MW
---

77.9

10

15.8

5.0

40MW
---

75.6

22.9

11.2

50MW
---

80.1

15

26.5

12.3

HARMONIC CURRENTS AT 100MW

FILTER
BANK

Fund

Third

Fifth

Seventh Eleventh

Third
Harmonic

57.4

4.2/5.2

---

---

---

5/7

72.9

---

52.4

28.3

---

HP

44.3

---

---

5.2

---

CTF 31

CTF 41

125/1

Q2-X13

CTF 51

125/1

Q1-X6
CH
1.31uF

CH
1.31uF

CTR 42

CTF 32
Q2-X12

2/1

CTR 52
Q1-X11

2/1
2/1

Q1-X7

RH

LH

625
ohms

20.5
mH

RH

LH

1.26uF

20.5
ohms

RL
125 ohms

20.5
mH

150/1

300
mH

LL
CL

RL

1.26uF

125 ohms

20.5 LL
34.6
ohms mH

CL3.36uF

CTF 53

CTF 43
CTF 33

LH

625
ohms

LL
CL

125/1

Q1-X10

Q1-X8

150/1

Q1-X12

400/1

150/1

Q1-X4

CTF 34
Q1-X5

CTF 44
125/1

125/1

Q1-X9

FILTER BANK CONNECTIONS

CTF 54
Q1-X13

125/1

NUMERICAL RELAYS, SCADA

AND
ENERGY METERS

Dr.M.P.SONI

TRANSMISSION & PROTECTION SYSTEM

CORP. R&D DIVISION

NUMERICAL FEEDER PROTECTION

A multifunction numerical feeder protection relay
developed jointly with SWE, Bhopal
Realized on low cost, powerful microprocessor
based hardware
Integrated with the breaker panels of BHEL,
Bhopal and supplied on a commercial basis
Features and cost comparable with those
supplied by leading relay manufacturers like
ALSTOM, ABB etc

PROTEC BR
Numerical Feeder Protection Relay

FUNCTIONS:

PROTEC-BR is a microprocessor based

multifunction numeric relay for a distribution
substation feeder.

Three phase o/c relay

Earthfault relay
Thermal Overload relay
Undercurrent protection
Circuit Breaker failure
Detection
Cold load pickup
Latching output contacts
Setting groups
Blocking logic
Event recording & Metering

50 / 51
50N / 51N
49
37
50 BF

86
2
FEATURES
Applicable to substations of various types and ratings
Compact rack
User configurable protection scheme
Online display of parameters and variables
Powerful self diagnostics and failsafe mode of operation
Can be powered with 110 / 220 V dc from station batteries
CPRI certification as per IEC-60255 standards

PROTEC-BRE
NUMERICAL FEEDER PROTECTION RELAY (ENHANCED)
Enhanced version of PROTEC-BR.
Protection Functions
Directional / Non-directional Over current relay
Directional / Non-directional Earth fault relay

Reverse Power Relay

Thermal Overload Relay
Broken Conductor
Breaker Fail protection

Other Functions
Cold-load Pickup
2 Setting Groups

AUTORECLOSER RELAY
PROTECTION FUNCTIONS

THREE PHASE O/C WITH SELECTABLE

IDMT/DEFINITE TIME CHARACTERISTICS
EARTH FAULT WITH SELECTABLE IDMT /
DEFINITE TIME CHARACTERISTICS
COLD LOAD PICKUP LOGIC
CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE
BROKEN CONDUCTOR
CONTROL FUNCTIONS
MULTI-SHOT (4) AUTORECLOSER
EACH SHOT IS INDEPENDENTLY PROGRAMABLE
CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL TWO SETTING GROUPS

Numerical Motor Protection Relay

FEATURES
LOCKED ROTOR PROTECTION BASED ON IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT
THREE PHASE O/C RELAY WITH SELECTABLE IDMT /DEFINITE TIME
CHARACTERISTICS
EARTH FAULT RELAY WITH SELECTABLE IDMT / DEFINITE TIME
CHARACTERISTICS

NEGATIVE SEQUENCE RELAY

THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION
WIDE SETTING RANGE
SUITABLE FOR MEDIUM AND LARGE
MOTORS

Z WORLD MODULES

BL2020

BL2120

Low-cost, high performance modules used in protection relays

Up to 28 digital I/O
Up to 11 A/D and 2 D/A
4 serial ports
Optional 512K Flash / 512K SRAM
Onboard relay

FEATURES
Microprocessor
Flash
SRAM

Rabbit 2000T @ 22.1 MHz

256K
128K

Backup Battery

Socketed 3-V lithium coin-type, 265 mA.h, supports RTC and SRAM

Digital Inputs
Digital Outputs

24: protected to 36 V DC
16: source/sink 200 mA each, 36 V DC max.

Analog Inputs

11 at 1 MW, 12-bit resolution, 10 V DC,up to 4,100 samples/sec.

Analog Outputs

Four 12-bit resolution, 0-10 V DC*,update rate 12 kHz

Serial Ports

4 total: two 3-wire (or one 5-wire) RS-232, 1 RS-485, and one 5 V CMOScompatible (programming)
Yes

Real-Time Clock

Five 8-bit timers (four cascadable from the first) and one 10-bit timer

Timers
Watchdog/Supervisor

9-36 V DC, 3 W max.

Power
Operating Temp.
Humidity
Board Size

Yes

-40C to +70C

5-95%, non-condensing
4.14'' x 3.41'' x 0.93''
(105 x 87 x 24 mm)

UPGRADATION & MODERNISATION OF 11 KV

SUBSTATIONAT GPX BHEL, BHOPAL
THE CONTROL AND RELAY PANEL PROPOSED TO BE
SUPPLIED WILL HAVE
- PROTECTION PANELS FOR ALL INCOMING AND
THE OUTGOING FEEDERS
- THE CONTROL PANEL WHICH WILL SERVE THE
PURPOSE OF OWS & EWS
THE OWS & EWS COMMUNICATE WITH THE REMOTE
RTUS THROUGH HUBS CONNECTED BY MEANS OF
RS 485 LINK.

THE SCADA WILL HAVE THE FOLLOWING FEATURES

- SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM SHOWING THE STATUS OF

VARIOUS FEEDERS
- BREAKER & ISOLATOR CONTROL
- METERING
- POWER/ ENERGY MEASUREMENT
- ALARM INDICATIONS
- EVENT RECORDS WITH TIME STAMPING AT RTU
LEVEL
- FAULT RECORDS
- SELF DIAGNOSTICS
- PASSWORD PROTECTION FOR CHANGING THE
DATA
- MODBUS PROTOCOL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN
THE MASTER & SLAVES

OWS

EWS

EMS

HUB
RS 485 BUS

PROTEC-BR
1
4
7
.
IMOK
PWGD

2
5
8

3
6
9

F1
F3

F2
F4

YE S

NO

THOL

EFSNS

OCSNS

TRIP

ACK

IMOK
PWGD

2
5
8

3
6
9

F1
F3

F2
F4

YE S

NO

THOL

PROTEC-BR
1
4
7
.

CR

0
BRKFL

EFSNS

OCSNS

TRIP

ACK

RS 485 BUS

PROTEC-BR
1
4
7
.

CR

0
BRKFL

HUB

IMOK
PWGD

2
5
8

3
6
9

F1
F3

F2
F4

YES

NO

CR

0
BRKFL

THOL

PROTEC-BR
1
4
7
.

EFSNS

OCSNS

TRIP

ACK

IMOK
PWGD

2
5
8

3
6
9

F1
F3

F2
F4

YES

NO

CR

0
BRKFL

THOL

PROTEC-BR
1
4
7
.

EFSNS

OCSNS

TRIP

ACK

IMOK
PWGD

2
5
8

3
6
9

F1
F3

F2
F4

YE S

NO

CR

0
BRKFL

THOL

PROTEC-BR
1
4
7
.

EFSNS

OCSNS

ACK

TRIP

Protection Relays & Energy meters

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

IMOK
PWGD

2
5
8

3
6
9

F1
F3

F2
F4

YES

NO

CR

0
BRKFL

THOL

PROTEC-BR
1
4
7
.

EFSNS

OCSNS

TRIP

ACK

IMOK
PWGD

2
5
8

3
6
9

F1
F3

F2
F4

YES

NO

CR

0
BRKFL

THOL

PROTEC-BR
1
4
7
.

EFSNS

OCSNS

ACK

TRIP

IMOK
PWGD

2
5
8

3
6
9

F1
F3
YES

THOL

F2
F4
NO

CR

0
BRKFL

EFSNS

OCSNS

TRIP

ACK

 EACH RELAY ACTING AS AN RTU WILL BE COMMUNICATING

WITH THE SCADA THROUGH RS 485 PORT

MODBUS COMMUNICATION IN RTU MODE WILL BE EMPLOYED

A DATA CONCENTRATOR AT THE MASTER END COMMUNICATES

WITH THE RTUS IN THE MULTI DROP MODE ON AN RS 485 BUS
DATA CONCENTRATOR COMMUNICATES WITH A PC ON AN RS 232
BUS

THE MMI RESIDES IN THE PC IN THE VB ENVIRONMENT

POSSIBILITY OF A SINGLE MULTIDROP LOOP FOR ALL RTUS

BEING WORKED OUT

MODBUS FUNCTIONS
01 - READ STATUS OF OUTPUT CONTACTS
02 - READ STATUS OF DIGITAL INPUTS
03 - READ RELAY SETTINGS
04 - READ MEASURED VALUES
06 - RESET SINGLE OUTPUT
16 - PRESET MULTIPLE OUTPUTS
EVENTS / FAULTS
CHANGE OF ANY DIGITAL OUTPUT
CHANGE OF ANY DIGITAL INPUT
PROTECTION FUNCTION PICKING UP

SETTINGS CHANGE
PASSWORD CHANGE
PROTECTION OPERATION

PROPOSED INSTALLATION OF 11 kV SWITCH BOARD PANELS FOR GPX

RELAYS OF THE TYPE PROTEC-BR ( 4 bipolar analog inputs )
S. NO.

TABLE I
CT

PANEL
No.

FEEDER

PROTECTIONS

PROTECTION
SETTINGS

ANA I/PS

DIG I/PS

DIG O/PS

1.

1.

Ring Main ( AUX) 1

400/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

4 MVA Transformer 1

300/5

1 & 5P10

O/C-O/C
Winding Temp
Alarm, Trip

3
Ir, Iy, Ib
3
Ir, Iy, Ib
3
Ir, Iy, Ib

Township No. 1

400/5

1 & 5P10

O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %

3
Ir, Iy, Ib

O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %

3
Ir, Iy, Ib
3
Ir, Iy, Ib

O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %

3
Ir, Iy, Ib
3
Ir, Iy, Ib
3
Ir, Iy, Ib
3
Ir, Iy, Ib

2
BRO,BRC
2
BRO,BRC
4
BRO,BRC
WT
ALARM/TRIP
5
BRO,BRC
Bucholz , OT,
WT
2
BRO,BRC
4
BRO,BRC
WT
ALARM/TRIP
2
BRO,BRC
2
BRO,BRC
2
BRO,BRC
2
BRO,BRC

400/5

O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %

2.

2.

HRP Test No.1

3.

3.

4.

5.

RATIO

CLASS

3 O/C-E/F

5.

8.

Ring Main East

400/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

6.

10.

STN Transformer
No. 1

50/5

1 & 5P10

O/C-E/F
Winding Temp
Alarm, Trip

7.

11.

TRANS TEST NO. 1

400/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

8.

12.

Ring Main outer No. 1

400/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

9.

14.

Ring Main Aux. No. 2

400/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

10.

15.

Township No. 2

400/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

8
8

8
8
8
8
8
8

S. NO.

PANEL
No.

FEEDER

11.

17.

4 MVA Transformer
No. 2

300/5

1 & 5P10

12.

18.

HRP TEST No.-2

400/5

1 & 5P10

13.

20.

STN Transformer
No. 2

50/5

1 & 5P10

14.

22.

LIM TEST

400/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F
Winding Temp
Alarm, Trip
3 O/C-E/F

15.

23.

6 MWDG Incomer

600/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

16.

25.

Trans. Test No. 2

400/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

17.

26.

Ring main Outer No. 2

400/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

18.

28.

RM Electroplating

400/5

1 & 5P10

O/C-E/F

19.

29.

RM AUX 2

400/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-IE/F

20.

30.

STN Transformer
No. 3

50/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F
Winding Temp
Alarm, Trip

21.

32

400/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

22.

36.

HYDRO TEST LAB

400/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

23.

37.

Induction Furnace

400/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

24.

38.

Control Gear Test

400/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

CT
RATIO

TG/AG Test

PROTECTIONS

PROTECTION
SETTINGS

ANA I/PS

DIG I/PS

DIG O/PS

3 O/C-E/F
Winding Temp
Alarm, Trip
3 O/C-E/F

O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %

3
Ir, Iy, Ib

4
BRO,BRC
WT ALARM/TRIP

O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %

3
Ir, Iy, Ib
3
Ir, Iy, Ib

2
BRO,BRC

O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %

3
Ir, Iy, Ib
3
Ir, Iy, Ib

2
BRO,BRC
4
BRO,BRC

O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %

3
Ir, Iy, Ib
3
Ir, Iy, Ib
3
Ir, Iy, Ib
3
Ir, Iy, Ib
3
Ir, Iy, Ib

O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %

3
Ir, Iy, Ib
3
Ir, Iy, Ib
3
Ir, Iy, Ib
3
Ir, Iy, Ib

2
BRO,BRC
2
BRO,BRC
2
BRO,BRC
2
BRO,BRC
4
BRO,BRC
WT
ALARM/TRIP
2
BRO,BRC
2
BRO,BRC
2
BRO,BRC
2
BRO,BRC

CLASS

2
BRO,BRC
WT ALARM /
TRIP

8
8
8
8

8
8
8
8

ELAYS OF THE TYPE PROTEC-BRE ( 11 bipolar analog inputs )

TABLE II
RELAY

PROTECTION
SETTINGS

ANA I/PS

DIG I/PS

DIG
O/PS

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F
REVERSE POWER

6
Ir, Iy, Ib, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

300/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F,
neutral Displacement,
UV/OV

2
BRO,BRC

Incomer No. 2A

800/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F
REVERSE POWER

6
Ir, Iy, Ib, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

16.

Incomer No. 1B

800/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F
REVERSE POWER

6
Ir, Iy, Ib, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

29.

19.

Capacitor bank No. 2

300/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F,
neutral Displacement,
UV/OV

7
Ir, Iy, Ib, Open delta
voltage, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

30.

24.

Incomer No. 3A

800/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F
REVERSE POWER

6
Ir, Iy, Ib, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

31.

31.

Incomer No. 2B

800/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F
REVERSE POWE

6
Ir, Iy, Ib, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

32.

33.

Capacitor bank No. 3

300/5

1 & 5P10

. 3 O/C-E/F,
neutral Displacement,
UV/OV

7
Ir, Iy, Ib, Open delta
voltage, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

33.

35.

Incomer No. 3B

800/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F
REVERSE POWER
REV POW

O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
OV 121-187V
UV 55-99V
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
OV 121-187V
UV 55-99V
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
OV 121-187V
UV 55-99V
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs

6
Ir, Iy, Ib, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

S. NO.

PANE
LNo.

FEEDER

25.

4.

Incomer No. 1A

800/5

26.

6.

Capacitor bank No. 1

27.

9.

28.

RATIO

CT
CLASS

DIGITAL INPUTS :BRO-BREAKER OPEN ; BRC-BREAKER CLOSED; BUCHOLZ-BUCHOLZ

ALARM; OT- OIL TEMP.; WT- WINDING TEMP

7
Ir, Iy, Ib, Open delta
voltage,Vr, Vy, Vb,

ELAYS OF THE TYPE PROTEC-BRE ( 11 bipolar analog inputs )

TABLE II
RELAY

PROTECTION
SETTINGS

ANA I/PS

DIG I/PS

DIG
O/PS

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F
REVERSE POWER

6
Ir, Iy, Ib, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

300/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F,
neutral Displacement,
UV/OV

2
BRO,BRC

Incomer No. 2A

800/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F
REVERSE POWER

6
Ir, Iy, Ib, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

16.

Incomer No. 1B

800/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F
REVERSE POWER

6
Ir, Iy, Ib, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

29.

19.

Capacitor bank No. 2

300/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F,
neutral Displacement,
UV/OV

7
Ir, Iy, Ib, Open delta
voltage, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

30.

24.

Incomer No. 3A

800/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F
REVERSE POWER

6
Ir, Iy, Ib, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

31.

31.

Incomer No. 2B

800/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F
REVERSE POWE

6
Ir, Iy, Ib, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

32.

33.

Capacitor bank No. 3

300/5

1 & 5P10

. 3 O/C-E/F,
neutral Displacement,
UV/OV

7
Ir, Iy, Ib, Open delta
voltage, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

33.

35.

Incomer No. 3B

800/5

1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F
REVERSE POWER
REV POW

O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
OV 121-187V
UV 55-99V
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
OV 121-187V
UV 55-99V
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs
OV 121-187V
UV 55-99V
O/C 50-200 %
E/F 10- 40 %
R/P relay 5 3 secs

6
Ir, Iy, Ib, Vr, Vy, Vb

2
BRO,BRC

S. NO.

PANE
LNo.

FEEDER

25.

4.

Incomer No. 1A

800/5

26.

6.

Capacitor bank No. 1

27.

9.

28.

RATIO

CT
CLASS

DIGITAL INPUTS :BRO-BREAKER OPEN ; BRC-BREAKER CLOSED; BUCHOLZ-BUCHOLZ

ALARM; OT- OIL TEMP.; WT- WINDING TEMP

7
Ir, Iy, Ib, Open delta
voltage,Vr, Vy, Vb,

3.3 kV SWITCH BOARD PANEL FOR COMPRESSOR IN GPX

RELAYS OF THE TYPE PROTEC-BR ( 4 bipolar analog inputs )

S.
NO.
34.

PANEL
No.

1.

Compressor C1

35.

2.

36.

FEEDER

TABLE III
CT RATIO &
CLASS

RELAY

ANA I/PS

DIG
I/PS

DIG O/PS

200/5
1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

3
Ir, Iy, Ib

2
BRO,BRC

Compressor No. 5

200/5
1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

3
Ir, Iy, Ib

2
BRO,BRC

3.

Compressor No. 7

200/5
1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

3
Ir, Iy, Ib

2
BRO,BRC

37.

4.

Incomer No. 1

800/5
1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

3
Ir, Iy, Ib

2
BRO,BRC

38.

5.

Incomer No 2

800/5
1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F,

3
Ir, Iy, Ib

2
BRO,BRC

39.

6.

Compressor C2

200/5
1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

3
Ir, Iy, Ib

2
BRO,BRC

40.

7.

Compressor No. 6

200/5
1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

3
Ir, Iy, Ib

2
BRO,BRC

41.

8.

Compressor No. 8

200/5
1 & 5P10

3 O/C-E/F

3
Ir, Iy, Ib

2
BRO,BRC

Hercules-EBX

Hercules is a high-integration EBX format (8.00 x 5.75) CPU based on the

VIA Eden Pentium-3 class processor.
Complete CPU on one board processor, video, audio, Ethernet, I/O, data
acquisition
On-board DC/DC power supply for compatibility with a wide range of power
systems

Extremely rugged design perfect for mobile and harsh environment

applications
PC/104+ expansion capability for great flexibility in customizing with addon boards
Low power consumption: Only 10-12 watts depending on processor speed

Hercules offers the highest level of integration of any EBX format

CPU. This single board contains all the following features
soldered directly on board:
Processor

Memory
Video, including VGA, LCD (lvds), and TV output
Audio, including 1Wx2 amplifier and SoundBlaster compatibility
10/100Mbps Ethernet
Extensive system I/O, including 4 USB ports, 4 RS-232/485
ports, and dual IDE channels
Data acquisition option, including 32 analog inputs, 4 analog
outputs, 40 digital I/O, 2 counter/timers, 4 pulse-width
modulation outputs, and watchdog timer
Built-in DC/DC power supply with wide-range 5-28VDC input
and 45W output power

REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM

RTLinuxPro, the hard real-time operating system.
Provides a real-time kernel with Linux running as
a pre-emptable thread.
This design provides superior performance by
providing hard real-time functionality with
guaranteed latencies.
Full TCP/IP with deep support of layered
protocols and wide driver coverage

ENERGY METERS

DEVELOPMENT OF 3Ph ENERGY METER WITH MDI,

LED DISPLAY, & RTC, BASED ON SAMES ASIC

DEVELOPMENT OF EPROM BACKED CONTROLLER

BASED 3Ph LCD METER, WITH IEC 61106 PORT
(IR PORT), RTC & MDI FOR ELECTRONIC ENERGY
METER NON LCD TYPE OF EDN MAKE

METERS - PROJECTS/DEVELOPMENTS
TITLE:DEVELOPMENT OF IrDA PORT FOR SINGLE
PHASE ELECTRONIC ENEGY METER WITH
LCD DISPLAY
DEVELOPED Version 1 WITH AT89S8252 MICON
DEVELOPED Version 2 WITH AT89C2051 MICON
DEVELOPED Version 3 FOR Ph II OF BHOPAL
SCADA PROJECT
STATUS: COMPLETED
ADDITIONAL FEATURES LIKE
i) CHANGE OF Sl.No, & UID No. THROUGH PDA
ii) IMPLEMENTATION OF RS232/RS485 PORT
IMPLEMENTED AT THE REQUEST OF EDN

METERS - PROJECTS/DEVELOPMENTS
LATEST VERSION (VERSION 3), BUILT WITH
STATE OF THE ART PIC16F876 MICON
CONTINUED TECHNICAL
SUPPORT PROVIDED
DURING MANUFACTURE OF
IrDA METER
COST REDUCTION PROCESS
REQUIRES TIME, BHEL EDN
TO ADDRESS ALL
REQUIREMENTS

IrDA Meter

METERS - PROJECTS/DEVELOPMENTS
JOINT PATENT
A NOVEL SCHEME FOR RURAL & URBAN
ELECTRIFICATION BASED ON NEW ENERGY METER
MODULES

METERS - PROJECTS/DEVELOPMENTS
FUTURISTIC TRENDS
GSM TECHNOLOGY FOR PAGING FOR ALL VARIETIES
OF METERS

BLUE TOOTH APPLICATIONS 1Ph/3Ph METERS

MAX DISTANCE 100Mts
SMART CARD ENERGY METER BASED ON THE STATE
OF THE ART CRPTO CARDS,WITH VENDING SOFTWARE

ACTION PLAN
MANUFACTURE OF NUMERICAL RELAYS
ROADMAP FOR METERS

FAULT IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION IN

TRANSMISSION LINE
BY USING DFT & WAVELET TRANSFORM

 Phase to Ground Faults:

Positive Sequence Impedance of Line upto the Fault from Relay

VA
Z1 = I + Z -Z I
0
A
0 1

whe
Z1
re
I 0- IA/3
VA - the phase to ground voltage of faulty
line
IA - line current of
phase
A sequence of line impedance
Z1 - +ve
Z0 - zero sequence of line
impedance

Phase to Phase Faults:

Impedance of the Line upto the Fault from relay:

Z1 =

Va- Vb
Ia- Ib

where
Va - phase to ground voltage of phase A
Vb - phase to ground voltage of phase B
Ia - Line current of phase A
Ib - Line current of phase B

Discrete Fourier Transform:

N-1

X(t) =

[1/N] *

Xm e (2km) / N

m=0

Where k = 0,1,2,3(N-1)
The Fourier sine and cosine coefficients are
N -1
given by
ak= 2/N Xm cos(2 km /
m=1
N)
N -1
bk= 2/N xm sin (2 km / N )
m=1

R.M.S. Value of signal X (t) is given by

X = (1/ 2 ) ( a2 + b 2 )
k
k
Phasor representation is given by X1 = F1 + j F2
where

F1 = b1/ 2

F2= a1/ 2

 Discrete Wavelet Transform:

Discrete Wavelet transform (DWT) of the signal X(k) is given by:

DWT(m,n) = X(k) *a,b (k)

k

Where a,b(k) = ((k-b)/a)

a
m dilated version of mother wavelet (k).
Is a scaled and

a is the scale parameter and b is the dilation parameter.

m

Choose a = a0 b=na0 b0

k,m,n are integer values.

an
d

For computation efficiency a0 and b0 are set to 2 and 1.

In the present analysis GABOR wavelet has taken as mother wavelet

And is given by the following equation.

-(t2/k)
(t) = e
(cos(t))

Where k =2,4,16,64------With GABOR wavelet it is easy to find out the frequency

Components of the signal because it is based on exponential

Function like the fourier transform.

Transmission line model System

Transmission Line model System in MATLAB

 Representation of Transmission line model in MATLAB:

I n this model Transmission line is modeled as distributed

Parameters line ,representing a 225-km-long,240-kv ideally
Transmission line with
+ve sequence impedance , ZL(1) = (8.05 +j 110.66) .
Zreo sequence impedance,ZL(0) =(79.19 +j 302.77) .
The Thevenin impedance of area A is Za =(5 +j 27.7) .
The Thevenin impedance of area B is Zb=0.6 +j 9.3) .
The source voltages are EA = 240KV, and Eb = 240
Where is the load angle in degrees.

Line Currents for L-G fault at 25km

8000
---------->Currents

6000
4000
phase R

2000

Phase Y

0
-2000 0

50

100

-4000
-6000
--------->Time

150

200

Phase B

----------->X

RX plot for fault at 25 km in DFT

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0

100

200
---------->R

300

400

500

RX plot for fault at 25Km in WT

1.00E+02

---------->X

8.00E+01
6.00E+01
4.00E+01
2.00E+01
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 1.00E+02 2.00E+02 3.00E+02 4.00E+02 5.00E+02
-2.00E+01
---------->R

----------->X

RX plot for fault at 50km in DFT

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0

100

200

300

----------->R

400

500

RX plot for fault at 50km in WT

1.20E+02

---------->x

1.00E+02
8.00E+01
6.00E+01
4.00E+01
2.00E+01
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 1.00E+02 2.00E+02 3.00E+02 4.00E+02 5.00E+02
---------->R

RX plot for fault at 75km

70

--------->X

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0

100

200

300
-------->R

400

500

RX plot for fault at 75km in WT

1.20E+02

----------->X

1.00E+02
8.00E+01
6.00E+01
4.00E+01
2.00E+01
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 1.00E+02 2.00E+02 3.00E+02 4.00E+02 5.00E+02
---------->R

-------->Distance(Km)

Fault location in DFT

180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

25Km
50Km
75Km
100Km

0.05

0.1

-------->TIME(sec)

0.15

Fault location in WT

----------->Distance(Km)

250
200
25 KM

150

50 Km

100

75 KM

50

100KM

0
-50

0.05

0.1

----------->time(sec)

0.15