Newton's Lesson 10
Newton's Lesson 10
Newton's Lesson 10
ELEVATOR PHYSICS
What are the forces at play on our bodies during the ride?
During the upward acceleration?
Normal force exceeds weight, and the body feels heavy because the floor of
the elevator is pushing us up harder than usual.
During constant velocity between floors?
No net force on our bodies and the riders feel relatively normal.
During downward acceleration?
Normal force is less than our weight, and the body feels light because the
floor is not pushing us up as hard as it ordinarily does and there is less force
on the soles of our feet.
What you feel, we call it your apparent weight, is not the pull of gravity
down on you, rather what you feel as your weight is the floor pushing up on
you.
In other words, the apparent weight you feel is actually the normal force of
the elevator floor acting on you (Fapparent = FN).
The normal force changes due to
the motion of the elevator floor.
If you are accelerating up (Fnet > 0) your Apparent weight will be greater.
(Examples????: Accelerating as you go from rest and ascend,
decelerating as you come to a stop at the ground floor)
If you are accelerating down (Fnet < 0) your apparent weight will be
smaller.
(Examples????: Decelerating as you come to a stop at top of the
ride, accelerating as you go from rest and descend down)
When you are at rest or moving at constant speed (Fnet =0) your apparent
weight will be your normal weight.
Example:
If you normally weigh 706 N, what is your apparent weight if you are in an
elevator that is slowing down at the rate of 1.65 m/s2 ?
First, draw a free body diagram and determine the direction of acceleration:
Acceleration is downward.
Second, determine an equation that represents the forces acting on the lamp:
Fnet = Fg FT
m*(2.00) = m*(9.81) 10.0
10.0= m(9.81 2.00)
m = 1.28 kg
Example:
A 1200.0 kg rocket produces 30000.0 N of thrust. What is the speed of the
rocket 45.0 s after launch?
First, draw a free body diagram and determine the direction of acceleration:
Acceleration is upward.
Second, determine an equation that represents the forces acting on the rocket
and find the acceleration of the rocket:
Fnet = Fthrust Fg
1200(a) = 30000 - 1200*(9.81)
a = 15.19 m/s2 , upward
Third, using the acceleration, find the final velocity of the rocket using the
equation:
vf = vi + at
vf = 0 + 15.19(45)
vf = 684 m/s, upward
20. A jet accelerates vertically up at 8.5 m/s2. What force does the exhaust gas exert on
the 4400 kg jet?
21. A 2.00 kg pendulum hangs in an elevator. Calculate the tension in the string
supporting the pendulum if the elevator moves:
a. with zero velocity
b. downward at a constant velocity of 2.5 m/s
c. upward at a constant velocity of 2.5 m/s
d. downward at a constant acceleration of 2.00 m/s2
e. upward at a constant acceleration of 2.00 m/s2
22. A man measures the acceleration of an elevator by using a spring balance. He fastens
the scale to the roof, and suspends a mass from it. The scale reads 98 N when the elevator
is at
rest, and 93 N when the elevator is moving.
a. In which direction is the elevator accelerating?
b. What is the acceleration of the elevator?
23. A fish hangs from a spring scale supported from the roof of an elevator. If the elevator
has an upward acceleration of 1.2 m/s2 and the scale reads 200.0 N, what is the true force
of gravity on the fish? (b) Under what circumstances will the scale read 150 N and what
would be the acceleration of the elevator? (c) What will the scale read if the elevator
cable breaks?
24. A 0.500 kg soccer ball is kicked from the top of a 14.0-meter cliff with a horizontal
speed of 28.0 m/s. What distance from the bottom of the cliff does the ball land? Please
show your work in an organized fashion (listing known and unknown values) (23.7 m)
HOMEWORK KEY FOR NEWTONS LESSON 10 HOMEWORK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
0 m/s2
Fnet =0
start/stop
starts/stops
same as his actual weight
actual weight
Fnet = 0
a=0
Fnet
heavier
Fnet is in the direction of FN (apparent weight)
Fnet
lighter
if elevator was in free fall
no FN pushing up on passenger
passenger is in free fall and is weightless, no FN
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
FN
FN
a. 98 kg, b. 44 kg
8.1 x 104 N
a. 19.6 N, b. 19.6 N, c. 19.6 N, d. 15.6 N, e. 23.6 N
a. down, b. 0.51 m/s2
a. 1.8 x 102 N, b. either going up and slowing down or going down
and speeding up. , 1.6 m/s2 down, c. FT = 0
23.7 m
ELEVATOR WORKSHEET
Since the elevator is at rest, your acceleration is 0 m/s2. Since your acceleration is 0 m/s2,
Newton's First Law says the net force on you must be 0 Newtons.
Since the net force on you is 0 Newtons, the upward forces and downward forces on you
must balance exactly. Therefore the scale must push on you with a force of (1a) _______
Newtons, and the scale must read (1b) _______ Newtons.
Since the elevator is moving with constant velocity, your acceleration is (5b) ____ m/s2.
Since your acceleration is (5c) ____ m/s2, Newton's First Law says the net force on you is
(5d) _____ Newtons.
Since the net force on you is (5e) ____ Newtons, the scale must push on you with a force
of (5f) _______ Newtons, and the scale must read (5g) _______ Newtons.
Question 6: If you let go of the apple, what does it do?
Question #8: If you let go of the apple now, what does it do?
m = FN / g
= (960.75) / (9.81m/s2)
m = 98 kg
So a regular scale thinks you weigh 98 kg!
b. First, draw a free body diagram:
acceleration is downwards, FN is upwards (apparent mass), Fg is downwards
Second, determine an equation that represents the forces acting on the person:
Fnet = Fg - FN
75(4.0) = 75(9.81) - FN
FN = 735.75 - 300 = 435.75 N
FN = mg
m = FN / g
= (435.75) / (9.81m/s2)
m = 44 kg
So a regular scale thinks you weigh 44 kg!
20. A jet accelerates vertically up at 8.5 m/s2. What force does the exhaust gas exert on
the 4400 kg jet?
Answer: First, draw a free body diagram and determine the direction of acceleration:
Acceleration is upward.
Second, determine an equation that represents the forces acting on the rocket and find the
thrust from the exhaust gas:
Fnet = Fthrust Fg
4400(8.5) = Fthrust - 4400*(9.81)
Fthrust = 37400 + 43164 = 80564 = 8.1 x 104 N
21. A 2.00 kg pendulum hangs in an elevator. Calculate the tension in the string
supporting the pendulum if the elevator moves:
a. with zero velocity
b. downward at a constant velocity of 2.5 m/s
c. upward at a constant velocity of 2.5 m/s
d. downward at a constant acceleration of 2.00 m/s2
e. upward at a constant acceleration of 2.00 m/s2
Answer:
a. zero velocity means there is no Fnet therefore tension in the string would equal the
weight of the pendulum Fg = FT = mg = 2.00*9.81 = 19.62 = 19.6 N
b. constant velocity means there is no acceleration and therefore no Fnet therefore the
tension in the string would equal the weight of the pendulum = 19.6 N
c. same as b.
d. First, draw a free body diagram:
Second, determine an equation that represents the forces acting on the pendulum and
determine the FT:
Fnet = Fg - FT
2.00(2.00) = 2.00*(9.81) - FT
FT= 19.62 - 4.0 = 15.62 = 15.6 N
e. First, draw a free body diagram:
Second, determine an equation that represents the forces acting on the pendulum and
determine the FT:
Fnet = FT - Fg
2.00(2.00) = FT - 2.00*(9.81)
FT= 19.62 + 4.0 = 23.62 = 23.6 N
22. A man measures the acceleration of an elevator by using a spring balance. He fastens
the scale to the roof, and suspends a mass from it. The scale reads 98 N when the elevator
is at
rest, and 93 N when the elevator is moving.
a. In which direction is the elevator accelerating?
b. What is the acceleration of the elevator?
Answer:
First, draw a free body diagram and determine the direction of Fnet on the elevator:
At resting position FT = Fg . However, as the elevator moves(accelerates)
FT < Fg. This means that the object is lighter than at rest, therefore the elevator and
object must be accelerating downwards, therefore Fnet must be downwards.
Mass of the mass suspended from the roof can be determined from the FT at rest which is
equal to Fg = mg, 98/9.81 = m = 9.99 kg
Second, determine an equation that represents the forces acting on the pendulum and
determine the acceleration:
Fnet = Fg - FT
9.99(a) = 98 93
a = 0.51 m/s2
23. A fish hangs from a spring scale supported from the roof of an elevator. If the elevator
has an upward acceleration of 1.2 m/s2 and the scale reads 200.0 N, what is the true force
of gravity on the fish? (b) Under what circumstances will the scale read 150 N and what
would be the acceleration of the elevator? (c) What will the scale read if the elevator
cable breaks? (1.8 x 102 N, 1.5 m/s2, ?)
Answer:
a. First, draw a free body diagram and determine the direction of Fnet on the elevator:
Second, determine an equation that represents the forces acting on the fish and determine
the Fg:
Fnet = FT - Fg
m(1.2) = 200 m(9.81)
m(1.2 + 9.81) = 200
m(11.01) = 200
m = 18.165
Fg = mg
Fg = 18.165(9.81) = 178.2 = 1.8 x 102 N
b. First, draw a free body diagram and determine the direction of Fnet on the elevator:
FT = 150 N is lighter than the Fg of 180 N, therefore the Fnet must be downwards.
The elevator must be either going up and slowing down or coming down and speeding
up.
Fnet = Fg - FT
18.165(a) = 178.2 150
a = 1.6 m/s2
c. Fnet = Fg in freefall and therefore FT = 0. The acceleration of the fish will be the same
as the acceleration of gravity, therefore FT =0, Fnet = Fg FT.
The fish is in a state of freefall and is therefore weightless, does not have a FT pulling or
pushing upwards on it.
24. A 0.500 kg soccer ball is kicked from the top of a 14.0-meter cliff with a horizontal
speed of 28.0 m/s. What distance from the bottom of the cliff does the ball land? Please
show your work in an organized fashion (listing known and unknown values) (23.7 m)
Answer:
dxf = ???
diy = 14.0 m