ANSWERS

EXERCISE 1.1
1. (i), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii) and (viii) are sets.
2. (i) (ii) (iii)
(vi) (v) (vi)
3. (i) A = {3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } (ii) B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
(iii) C = {17, 26, 35, 44, 53, 62, 71, 80} (iv) D = {2, 3, 5}
(v) E = {T, R, I, G, O, N, M, E, Y}
(vi) F = {B, E, T, R,}
4. (i) { x : x = 3n and 1 n 4 }
(ii) { x : x = 2n and 1 n 5 }
n
(iii) { x : x = 5 and 1 n 4 }
(iv) { x : x is an even natural number}
(v) { x : x = n2 and 1 n 10 }
5. (i) A = {1, 3, , 5, . . . }
(ii) B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4 }
(iii) C = { 2, 1, 0, 1, 2 }
(iv) D = { L, O, Y, A }
(v) E = { February, April, June, September, November }
(vi) F = {b, c, d, f, g, h, j }
6. (i) (c) (ii) (a) (iii) (d) (iv) (b)

EXERCISE 1.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

(i),
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)

(iii), (iv)
Finite
(ii)
Infinite (ii)
Yes
(ii)
No
(ii)

Infinite (iii) Finite (iv) Infinite

Finite (iii) Infinite (iv) Finite
No
(iii) Yes
(iv) No
Yes
6. B= D, E = G

(v) Finite
(v) Infinite

EXERCISE 1.3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

(i)
(vii)
(i)
(i),
(i)
(iii)
1
(i)

(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

False (ii) True

(iii) False (iv) True
(v) False
(v), (vii), (viii), (ix), (xi)
{ a }, (ii) , { a }, { b } { a, b }
, { 1 }, { 2 }, { 3 }, { 1, 2 }, { 1, 3 }, { 2, 3 } { 1, 2, 3 }

(vi)
(vi) True
(iv)

( 4, 6]
(ii) ( 12, 10)
(iii) [ 0, 7 )
(iv)
[ 3, 4 ]
7. (i) { x : x R, 3 < x < 0 }
(ii) { x : x R, 6 x 12 }
(iii) { x : x R, 6 < x 12 }
(iv) { x R : 23 x < 5 } 9. (iii)

434

MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 1.4
1.

(i) X Y = {1, 2, 3, 5 }
(iii)

(ii) A B = { a, b, c, e, i, o, u }

A B = {x : x = 1, 2, 4, 5 or a multiple of 3 }

(iv) A B = {x : 1 < x < 10, x N} (v) A B = {1, 2, 3 }

2. Yes, A B = { a, b, c }
4.

3.

(i) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } (ii) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8 } (iii) {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 }

(iv) {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) (v) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 }
(vi) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

(vii) { 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 )

5.

(i) X Y = { 1, 3 } (ii) A B = { a }

(iii) { 3 }

6.

(i) { 7, 9, 11 }

(ii) { 11, 13 }

(iii)

(v)

(vi) { 7, 9, 11 }

(vii)

(viii) { 7, 9, 11 }

(ix) {7, 9, 11 }

7.

(i) B
(v)

9.

(i) {3, 6, 9, 15, 18, 21}

(iv) {4, 8, 16, 20 )
(vii) {20 )
(x) { 5, 10, 15 }

(iv) { 11 }

(x) { 7, 9, 11, 15 }

(ii) C
(iii) D
{ 2 } {vi){ x : x is an odd prime number }
(ii) {3, 9, 15, 18, 21 }

(iv)

8. (iii)

(iii) {3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 21}

(v) { 2, 4, 8, 10, 14, 16 } (vi) { 5, 10, 20 }

(viii) { 4, 8, 12, 16 }

(ix) { 2, 6, 10, 14}

(xi) {2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16} (xii) {5, 15, 20}

10. (i) { a, c }
(ii) {f, g }
11. Set of irrational numbers 12. (i) F

(ii) F

(iii) { b , d }
(iii) T (iv) T

EXERCISE 1.5
(i)
(iv)
2. (i)
(iv)
3. (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
1.

{ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
(ii) {1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }
(iii) {7, 8, 9 }
{ 5, 7, 9 )
(v) { 1, 2, 3, 4 }
(vi) { 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 }
{ d, e, f, g, h}
(ii) { a, b, c, h }
(iii) { b, d , f, h }
{ b, c, d, e )
{ x : x is an odd natural number }
{ x : x is an even natural number }
{ x : x N and x is not a multiple of 3 }
{ x : x is a positive composit number and x = 1 ]

ANSWERS

(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)

435

{ x : x is a positive integer which is not divisible by 3 or not divisible by 5}

{ x : x N and x is not a perfect square }
{ x : x N and x is not a perfect cube }
{ x : x N and x = 3 }
(ix) { x : x N and x = 2 }

(x) { x : x N and x < 7 }

6. is the set of all equilateral triangles.
7. (i) U
(ii) A

(xi) { x : x N and x >

(iii)

9
}
2

(iv)

EXERCISE 1.6
1. 2

2. 5

3. 50

4. 42

5. 30

6. 19

7. 25, 35

8. 60

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 1

1. A B, A C, B C, D A, D B, D C
2. (i) False
(ii) False
(iii) True
(iv) False
(v) False
(vi) True
7. False
12. We may take A = { 1, 2 }, B = { 1, 3 }, C = { 2 , 3 }
13. 325
14. 125
15. 52, 30
16. 11

EXERCISE 2.1
1. x = 2 and y = 1 2. The number of elements in A B is 9.
3. G H = {(7, 5), (7, 4), (7, 2), (8, 5), (8, 4), (8, 2)}
H G = {(5, 7), (5, 8), (4, 7), (4, 8), (2, 7), (2, 8)}
4. (i) False
P Q = {(m, n) (m, m) (n, n), (n, m)}
(ii) False
A B is a non empty set of ordered pairs (x, y) such that x A and y B
(iii) True
5. A A = {( 1, 1), ( 1, 1), (1, 1), (1, 1)}
A A A = {(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1),
(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1)}
6. A = {a, b}, B = {x, y}
8. A B = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)}
A B will have 24 = 16 subsets.
9. A = {x, y, z} and B = {1,2}

436

MATHEMATICS

10. A = {1, 0, 1}, remaining elements of

A A are (1, 1), (1, 1), (0, 1), (0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1)

EXERCISE 2.2
1. R = {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), (4, 12)}
Domain of R = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Range of R = {3, 6, 9, 12}
Co domain of R = {1, 2, ..., 14}
2. R = {(1, 6), (2, 7), (3, 8)}
Domain of R = {1, 2, 3}
Range of R = {6, 7, 8}
3. R = {(1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 9), (3, 4), (3, 6), (5, 4), (5, 6)}
4.

(i) R = {(x, y) : y = x 2 for x = 5, 6, 7}

(ii) R = {(5,3), (6,4), (7,5)}. Domain of R = {5, 6, 7}, Range of R = {3, 4, 5}

5.

(i) R = {(1, 1), (1,2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2 4), (2, 6), (2, 2), (4, 4), (6, 6),
(3, 3), (3, 6)}
(ii) Domain of R = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
(iii) Range of R = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}

6. Domian of R = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,}

Range of R = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

7. R = {(2, 8), (3, 27), (5, 125), (7, 343)}

8. No. of relations from A into B = 26

9. Domain of R = Z
Range of R = Z

EXERCISE 2.3
1.

(i) yes, Domain = {2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17}, Range = {1}

(ii) yes, Domain = (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}, Range = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
(iii) No.

2.

(i) Domain = R, Range = ( , 0]

(ii) Domain of Function = {x : 3 x 3}
(iii) Range of Function = {x : 0 x 3}

3.

(i) f (0) = 5

(ii) f (7) = 9

4.

(i) t (0) = 32

(ii) t (28) =

5.

(i) Range = ( , 2)

(iii)

f (3) = 11

412
(iii)
5
(ii) Range = [2, )

t (10) = 14
(iii) Range = R

(iv) 100

ANSWERS

437

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 2

2.
4.
5.
6.
7.

2.1
3. Domain of function is set of real numbers except 6 and 2.
Domain = [1, ), Range = [0, )
Domain = R, Range = non-negative real numbers
Range = Any positive real number x such that 0 x < 1
(f + g) x = 3x 2
8. a = 2, b = 1 9. (i) No
(ii) No
(iii) No
(f g) x = x + 4
f
x +1
3
, x
x=
2x 3
2
g

10.

(i) Yes, (ii) No

11. No

12.

Range of f = {3, 5, 11, 13 }

EXERCISE 3.1
1.
2.

5
36
(i) 39 22 30
(i)

3. 12
7.

(i)

19
72
(ii) 229 5 29
(ii)

4. 12 36

2
15

(ii)

1
5

5.

4
3
(iii) 300
(iii)

20
3
(iii)

26
9
(iv) 210
(iv)

6. 5 : 4

7
25

EXERCISE 3.2

1. sin x =

3
2
1
, cosec x =
, sec x = 2, tan x = 3 , cot x =
2
3
3

5
4
5
3
4
2. cosec x = , cos x = , sec x = , tan x = , cot x =
3
5
4
4
3
4
5
3
5
4
3. sin x = , cosec x = , cos x = , sec x = , tan x =
5
4
5
3
3
4. sin x =

12
13
5
12
5
, cosec x = , cos x = , tan x = , cot x =
13
12
13
5
12

438

MATHEMATICS

5. sin x =
6.

5
13
12
13
12
, cosec x = , cos x = , sec x = , cot x =
13
5
13
12
5

1
2

7. 2

8.

9.

3
2

10. 1

EXERCISE 3.3
5.

(i)

3 +1
2 2

(ii) 2

EXERCISE 3.4
1.

, , n + , n Z
3 3
3

2.

, , 2n , n Z
3 3
3

3.

5 11
5
,
, n
,nZ
6 6
6

4.

7 11
7
,
, n + (1) n
,nZ
6 6
6

5.

x=

6.

x = (2n + 1) , or 2n , n Z
4
3

7.

x = n + ( 1) n

8.

x=

9.

x=

n
or x = n, n Z
3
7

or (2n + 1) , n Z
6
2

n
n 3
, or
+
,nZ
2
2
8

, or n ,n Z
3
3

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 3

8.

5 2 5
,
,2
5
5

9.

6
3
,
, 2
3
3

10.

8 + 2 15 8 2 15
,
, 4 + 15
4
4

ANSWERS

439

EXERCISE 5.1
1. 3

2. 0

5. 2 7 i

6.

9.

242
26i 10.
27

13. i

14.

4. 14 + 28 i

3. i

19 21i

5 10

7.

17
5
=i
3
3

8.

22 107
i
3
27

11.

4
3
+i
25 25

12.

4
5
3
i
14
14

7 2
i
2

EXERCISE 5.2
1 . 2,

4.

2
3

2 . 2,

3
3

2 cos + i sin
4
4

6. 3 (cos + i sin )

5.

5
6

3.

2 cos
+ i sin

4
4

3
3

+ i sin
2 cos

4
4

7 . 2 cos + i sin 8 . cos + i sin

6
6
2
2

EXERCISE 5.3
1.

3i

2.

1 7 i
4

3.

3 3 3 i
2

4.

5.

3 11 i
2

6.

1 7 i
2

7.

1 7 i
2 2

8.

10.

1 7 i
2 2

9.

(4 2 ) i
2

1 7i
2
2 34 i
2 3

440

MATHEMATICS

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 5

1. 2 2 i

3.

307 + 599 i
442

3
3

2 cos + i sin , (ii)

4
4

5.

(i)

6.

2 4
i
3 3

4 5
5
15. 2

10.

2
i
2

7 . 1
12. (i)

3
3

2 cos + i sin
4
4

8.

2
, (ii) 0
5

17. 1

5
2

i
27 27
1 3
,
2 4

13.
18. 0

9.

14
14

i
21 21

14. x = 3, y = 3
20. 4

EXERCISE 6.1
1.

(i) {1, 2, 3, 4}

(ii) {... 3, 2, 1, 0, 1,2,3,4,}

2.

(i) No Solution

(ii) {... 4, 3}

3.

(i) {... 2, 1, 0, 1}

(ii) (, 2)

4.

(i) {1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}

(ii) (2, )

5. (2, )

6. ( , 3)

9. ( , 6)

10. (, 6)

11. (, 2]

12. ( , 120]

14. (, 2]

15. (4, )

16. (, 2]

13. (4, )
17. x < 3,
19.

7. (, 3]

18.

x 1,

20. x <

x > 1,

8. (, 4]

2
,
7

21. More than or equal to 35

22. Greater than or equal to 82

23. (5,7), (7,9)

24. (6,8), (8,10), (10,12)

25. 9 cm

26. Greater than or equal to 8 but less than or equal to 22

ANSWERS

EXERCISE 6.2
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

441

442

MATHEMATICS

7.

8.

9.

10.

EXERCISE 6.3
1.

2.

ANSWERS

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

443

444

MATHEMATICS

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

ANSWERS

15.

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 6

1. [2, 3]

2. (0, 1]

3. [ 4, 2]

4. ( 23, 2)

80 10
,
5.
3
3

6.

11
1, 3

7. (5, 5)
8. (1, 7)
9. (5, )
10. [ 7, 11]

11. Between 20C and 25C

12. More than 320 litres but less than 1280 litres.
13. More than 562.5 litres but less than 900 litres.
14. Atleast 9.6 but more than 16.8.

EXERCISE 7.1
1. (i) 125, (ii) 60.

2. 108

5. 8

6. 20

3. 5040

4. 336

445

446

MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 7.2
1. (i) 40320, (ii) 18
5. (i) 30, (ii) 15120

2. 30, No

3. 28

4. 64

EXERCISE 7.3
1.
5.
9.
11.

504
2. 4536
3. 60
56
6. 9
7. (i) 3, (ii) 4
(i) 360, (ii) 720, (iii) 240
10. 33810
(i) 1814400, (ii) 2419200, (iii) 25401600

4. 120, 48
8. 40320

EXERCISE 7.4
1. 45
5. 2000
9. 35

2. (i) 5, (ii) 6
6. 778320

3. 210
7. 3960

4. 40
8. 200

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 7

1. 3600
4. 907200
8. 4 C 1 48C 4

2. 1440
5. 120
9. 2880

3. (i) 504, (ii) 588, (iii) 1632

6. 50400
7. 420
22
22
10. C 7+ C 10
11. 151200

EXERCISE 8.1
1. 110x + 40x2 80x3 + 80x4 32x5

32 40 20
5 3 x5
5

x
+
x
8
32
x5 x3 x
6
5
4
3. 64 x 576 x + 2160 x 4320 x3 + 4860 x2 2916 x + 729
2.

4.

x 5 5 x 2 10
10
5
1
+
+
+ 3+ 5
x+
243 81 27
9 x 3x
x

5.

x 6 + 6 x 4 + 15 x 2 + 20 +

6. 884736
9. 9509900499

15 6
1
+ 4+ 6
2
x
x
x
7. 11040808032

10. (1.1)10000 > 1000

12. 2(x6 + 15x4 + 15x2 + 1), 198

8. 104060401
11. 8(a3b + ab3); 40 6

ANSWERS

EXERCISE 8.2
1. 1512
4.

2.

( 1)r 12 Cr .x24r .y r

105 9 35 12
x ; x
8
48
12. m = 4
7.

101376

5. 1760 x9y3
8. 61236 x5y5

3.

( 1)

r 6

Cr .x12 2 r .y r

6. 18564
10. n = 7; r = 3

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 8

1. a = 3; b = 5; n = 6

2. n = 7, 14

5. 396 6
7. 0.9510

6. 2a8 + 12a6 10a4 4a2 + 2

8. n = 10

3.

a=

9
7

16 8 32 16
x 2 x3 x 4
+

+
+ +
5
4
x
9.
x x 2 x3 x 4
2
2 16
10. 27x6 54ax5 + 117a2x4 116a3x3 + 117a4x2 54a5x + 27a6

EXERCISE 9.1
1. 3, 8, 15, 24, 35

2.

1 2 3 4 5
, , , ,
2 3 4 5 6

3. 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32

4.

1 1 1 5
7
, , , and
6 6 2 6
6

5. 25, 125, 625, 3125, 15625

6.

3 9 21
75
, , , 21 and
2 2 2
2

7. 65, 93

9. 729

10.

11. 3, 11, 35, 107, 323;

12.

1,

8.

49
128

360
23

3 + 11 + 35 + 107 + 323 + ...

1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
, , ,
; 1+ + + +
+ ....
2 6 24 120
2 6 24 120

447

448

MATHEMATICS

13. 2, 2, 1, 0, 1;

2 + 2 + 1 + 0 + (1) + ...

3 5
8
14. 1, 2, , and
2 3
5

EXERCISE 9.2
1. 1002001

2. 98450

4. 5 or 20

179
321
14. 11, 14, 17, 20 and 23
17. Rs 245
18. 9

n
( 5n + 7 )
2
13. 27
16. 14

8. 2q

7.

9.

6. 4
10. 0
15. 1

EXERCISE 9.3
1.

5 5
,
2 20 2n

2. 3072

4. 2187

5. (a) 13th , (b) 12th, (c) 9th

8.

7
2

11.

22 +

13. 4

6. 1

3 + 1 3 2 1

9.

3 11
3 1
2

14.

1 ( a )n

1+ a

7.

1
20
1 ( 0.1)

x 3 1 x 2n

10.

1 x

5 2
2 5 5 2
12. r = or ; Terms are ,1, or ,1,
2 5
5 2 2 5

16 16 n
;2;
2 1
7
7

15. 2059

80
8
4 8 16
10n 1 n
, ,
,...or 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ..
18.
3 3 3
81
9
19. 496
20. rR
21. 3, 6, 12, 24 26. 9 and 27

16.

1
30. 120, 480, 30 (2n)
2
32. x2 16x + 25 = 0
27.

n=

31. Rs 500 (1.1)10

EXERCISE 9.4
1.

n
( n + 1) ( n + 2 )
3

2.

n ( n + 1) ( n + 2 ) ( n + 3)
4

ANSWERS

3.

n
( n + 1) 3n 2 + 5n + 1
6

4.

n
n +1

7.

n ( n + 1) ( n + 2 )
12

10.

n
( 2n + 1) ( 2n 1)
3

449

5. 2840
2

6. 3n (n + 1) (n + 3)

8.

n ( n + 1)
3n 2 + 23n + 34
12

9.

n
( n + 1) ( 2n + 1) + 2 2n 1
6

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 9

2. 5, 8, 11
7. 4
11. 4

5. 3050
9. 3

50 n
5n
2n 2
10 1
1 10 n

, (ii)
81
9
3 27

21. (i)

23.

4. 8729
8. 160; 6
12. 11

n 2
n + 3n + 5
3

27. Rs 16680
31. Rs 5120

25.

28. Rs 39100
32. 25 days

6. 1210
10. 8, 16, 32

22. 1680

n
2n2 + 9n + 13
24

29. Rs 43690

30. Rs 17000; 295000

EXERCISE 10.1
1.

121
square unit.
2

2. (0, a), (0, a) and 3a,0 or (0, a), (0, a), and
3. (i) y2 y1 , (ii) x2 x1
7.

11. 1 and 2, or

8. x = 1

15
4. , 0
2

3a,0
5.

1
2

10. 135

1
1
and 1, or 1 and 2, or and 1
2
2

14.

1
, 104.5 Crores
2

450

MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 10.2
1. y = 0 and x = 0
4.

) (

6.

x 3y + 2 3 = 0

3 +1 x

2. x 2y + 10 = 0

3. y = mx

5. 2x + y + 6 = 0

3 1 y = 4

3 1

9. 3x 4y + 8 = 0
3x + y = 10
11. (1 + n)x + 3(1 + n)y = n +11
13. x + 2y 6 = 0, 2x + y 6 = 0

10. 5x y + 20 = 0

8.

12. x + y = 5

3 x + y 2 = 0 and 3 x + y + 2 = 0

14.

L=

16.

5x + 3y + 2 = 0

7.

.192
( C 20 ) + 124.942
90

15. 2x 9y + 85 = 0

17. 1340 litres.

19. 2kx + hy = 3kh.

EXERCISE 10.3
(i)

1.

(i)

2.

(iii)

1
1
5
5
y = x + 0, , 0; (ii) y = 2 x + , 2 , ; (iii) y = 0x + 0, 0, 0
7
7
3
3
x
y
3
+
=1, , 2;
x y
3 2
2
+ = 1, 4,6; (ii)
4 6
2

2
2
y = , intercept with y-axis = and no intercept with x-axis.
3
3

(i) x cos 120 + y sin 120 = 4, 4, 120 (ii) x cos 90 + y sin 90 = 2, 2, 90;

3.

(iii) x cos 315 + y sin 315 = 2 2 , 2 2 , 315

65
1 p+r
units, (ii)
units.
17
2 l

5. ( 2, 0) and (8, 0)

6. (i)

7. 3x 4y + 18 = 0

8. y + 7x = 21

9. 30 and 150

22
9

10.
12.

4. 5 units

) (

3 + 2 x + 2 3 1 y = 8 3 + 1 or

) (

3 2 x + 1 + 2 3 y = 1 + 8 3

ANSWERS

68 49
14. ,
25 25

13. 2x + y = 5
17. y x = 1,

15.

m=

451

1
5
,c =
2
2

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 10

1. (a) 3, (b) 2, (c) 6 or 1

2.

3.

2 x 3 y = 6 , 3x + 2 y = 6

5.

sin ( )

2 sin
2

8 32

4. 0 , , 0,
3 3

6.

8. k2 square units
12. 13x + 13y = 6

7
,1
6

x=

5
22

7. 2x 3y + 18 = 0

9. 5

11. 3x y = 7, x + 3y = 9

14. 1 : 2

15.

23 5
units
18

16. Slope of the line is zero i.e. line is parallel to x - axis

1 5 2
7

17. x = 1, y = 1.

18. (1, 4).

19.

21. 18x + 12y + 11 = 0

13
22. , 0
5

24. 119x + 102y = 205

EXERCISE 11.1
1. x2 + y2 4y = 0
2. x2 + y2 + 4x 6y 3 = 0
2
2
3. 36x + 36y 36x 18y + 11 = 0
4. x2 + y2 2x 2y = 0
5. x2 + y2 + 2ax + 2by + 2b2 = 0
7. c(2, 4), r =

65

6. c(5, 3), r = 6

8. c(4, 5), r =

10. x2 + y2 6x 8y + 15 = 0

53 9. c (

1
1
, 0) ; r =
4
4

11. x2 + y2 7x + 5y 14 = 0

12. x2 + y2 + 4x 21 = 0 & x2 + y2 12x + 11 = 0

452

MATHEMATICS

13. x2 + y2 ax by = 0
14. x2 + y2 4x 4y = 5
15. Inside the circle; since the distance of the point to the centre of the circle is less
than the radius of the circle.

EXERCISE 11.2
1. F (3, 0), axis - x - axis, directrix x = 3, length of the Latus rectum = 12
2. F (0,

3
3
), axis - y - axis, directrix y = , length of the Latus rectum = 6
2
2

3. F (2, 0), axis - x - axis, directrix x = 2, length of the Latus rectum = 8

4. F (0, 4), axis - y - axis, directrix y = 4, length of the Latus rectum = 16
5
2

5. F ( , 0) axis - x - axis, directrix x =

6. F (0,

5
, length of the Latus rectum = 10
2

9
9
) , axis - y - axis, directrix y = , length of the Latus rectum = 9
4
4

7. y2 = 24x
10. y2 = 8x

8. x2 = 12y
11. 2y2 = 9x

9. y2 = 12x
12. 2x2 = 25y

EXERCISE 11.3
1. F ( 20 ,0); V ( 6, 0); Major axis = 12; Minor axis = 8 , e =
Latus rectum =

16
3

2. F (0, 21 ); V (0, 5); Major axis = 10; Minor axis = 4 , e =

Latus rectum =

21
;
5

8
5

3. F ( 7 , 0); V ( 4, 0); Major axis = 8; Minor axis = 6 , e =

Latus rectum =

20
,
6

9
2

7
;
4

ANSWERS

4. F (0, 75 ); V (0, 10); Major axis = 20; Minor axis = 10 , e =

453

3
;
2

Latus rectum = 5
5. F ( 13 ,0); V ( 7, 0); Major axis =14 ; Minor axis = 12 , e =
Latus rectum =

13
;
7

72
7

6. F (0, 10 3 ); V (0, 20); Major axis =40 ; Minor axis = 20 , e =

3
;
2

Latus rectum = 10
7. F (0, 4 2 ); V (0, 6); Major axis =12 ; Minor axis = 4 , e =
Latus rectum =
8.

4
3

F 0, 15 ; V (0, 4); Major axis = 8 ; Minor axis = 2 , e =

Latus rectum =

15
;
4

1
2

9. F ( 5 ,0); V ( 3, 0); Major axis = 6 ; Minor axis = 4 , e =

Latus rectum =

2 2
;
3

8
3

10.

x2 y 2
+
=1
25 9

11.

x2
y2
+
=1
144 169

12.

x2 y 2
+
=1
36 20

13.

x2 y 2
+
=1
9
4

14.

x2 y 2
+
=1
1
5

15.

x2
y2
+
=1
169 144

16.

x2 y 2
+
=1
64 100

17.

x2 y 2
+
=1
16 7

18.

x2 y 2
+
=1
25 9

5
;
3

454

19.

MATHEMATICS

x2 y 2
+
=1
10 40

20. x + 4y = 52 or

x2 y 2
+
=1
52 13

EXERCISE 11.4
9
5
; Latus rectum =
4
2
2. Foci (0 6), Vertices (0, 3); e = 2; Latus rectum = 18
1. Foci ( 5, 0), Vertices ( 4, 0); e =

13
; Latus rectum = 9
2

3. Foci (0, 13 ), Vertices (0, 2); e =

4. Foci ( 10, 0), Vertices ( 6, 0); e =
5. Foci (0,

2 14
5

), Vertices (0,

5
64
; Latus rectum =
3
3

6
14
4 5
); e =
; Latus rectum =
5
3
3

6. Foci (0, 65 ), Vertices (0, 4); e =

7.

x2 y2

=1
4
5

49
65
; Latus rectum =
2
4

8.

y 2 x2
=1
25 39

9.

y 2 x2
=1
9 16

10.

x2 y2
=1
16 9

11.

y 2 x2

=1
25 144

12.

x2 y 2
=1
25 20

13.

x2 y2
=1
4 12

14.

x2 9 y2

=1
49 343

15.

x2 y2
=1
5 5

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 11

1. Focus is at the mid-point of the given diameter.
2. 2.23 m (approx.)
3. 9.11 m (approx.)
5.

x2 y2
+
=1
81 9

8. 8 3a

6. 18 sq units

4. 1.56m (approx.)
7.

x2 y 2
+
=1
25 9

ANSWERS

455

EXERCISE 12.1
1. y and z - coordinate are zero
3. I, IV, VIII, V, VI, II, III, VII
4. (i) XY - plane
(ii) (x, y, 0)

2. y - coordinate is zero
(iii) Eight regions

EXERCISE 12.2
1. (i) 2 5 (ii) 43 (iii) 2 26 (iv) 2 5
4. x 2z = 05. 9x2 + 25y2 + 25z2 225 = 0

EXERCISE 12.3
4 1 27
1. (i) , , , (ii) ( 8,17 ,3)
2. 1 : 2
5 5 5
3. 2 : 3
5. (6, 4, 2), (8, 10, 2)

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 12

1. (1, 2, 8)

3. a = 2, b =

2. 7 34 , 7

16
, c=2
3

4. (0, 2, 0) and (0, 6, 0)

5. (4, 2, 6)

6.

x2 + y 2 + z 2 2 x 7 y + 2 z =

k 2 109
2

EXERCISE 13.1
1. 6
5.

9. b
13.

a
b

1
2

22

2.
7

3.

6. 5

7.

10. 2
14.

a
b

11
4

4.

19
2

8.

108
7

11. 1

12.

16.

15.

1
4

456

MATHEMATICS

a +1
b
0
22. 2
Limit does not exist at x = 1
Limit does not exist at x = 0
0
28. a = 0, b = 4

17. 4
21.
24.
25.
27.
29.
30.

19. 0

18.

20. 1

23. 3, 6
26. Limit does not exist at x = 0

lim f (x) = 0 and lim f (x) = (a a ) (a a ) ... (a a )

1
2
x
x a

x a1

lim f (x) exists for all a 0.

x a

31. 2

32. For lim

f (x) to exists, we need m = n; lim
f (x) exists for any integral value
x0
x1
of m and n.

EXERCISE 13.2
1. 20

2. 99

4. (i) 3x2

(ii) 2x 3

6.

(iii)

2
(iv)

( x 1)2

(ii) 4ax ax 2 + b

a b

(iii)

( x b )2

nx n anx n1 x n + a n

( x a)

9 . (i) 2

(ii) 20x3 15x2 + 6x 4

(iii)

2
x (3x 2)
12 36

+
2
(v) 5
(vi) x + 1
( ) (3 x 1)2
x
x10
11.

2
x3

nx n 1 + a (n 1)x n 2 + a 2 (n 2)x n3 + ... + a n1

7. (i) 2x a b

8.

3. 1

(i)
(iii)
(v)
(vii)

cos2 x
5sec x tan x 4sin x
3cosec2 x 5 cosec x cot x
2sec2 x 7sec x tan x

3
( 5 + 2x )
x4

10. sin x

(ii) sec x tan x

(iv) cosec x cot x
(vi) 5cos x+ 6sin x

(iv) 15x4 +

24
x5

ANSWERS

457

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 13

1. (i) 1 (ii)

3.

1
x2

(iii) cos (x + 1) (vi) sin x

8

qr
+ ps
x2

4. 2c (ax+b) (cx + d) + a (cx + d)2

ad bc
5.

8.

11.
13.

( cx + d )2

6.

apx 2 2bpx + ar bq

( px

+ 2x + r

2
x

9.

12.

( x 1)2

, x 0,1

apx 2 + 2bpx + bq ar

( ax + b )
na ( ax + b )

( ax + b )n 1 ( cx + d )m1 mc ( ax + b ) + na ( cx + d )

20.

( sin x cos x )

18.

bc cos x + ad sin x + bd

( c + d cos x )

21.

2sec x tan x

( sec x + 1)

cos
cos2 x

22.

x3 ( 5 x cos x + 3 x sin x + 20 sin x 12cos x )

23.

x 2 sin x sin x + 2 x cos x

24.

q sin x ax 2 + sin x + ( p + q cos x )( 2 a x + cos x )

25.

tan 2 x ( x + cos x ) + ( x tan x )(1 sin x )

26.

35 + 15 x cos x + 28 cos x + 28 x sin x 15sin x

( 3x + 7 cos x )2

( 2ax + b )

7.

( ax

+ bx + c

10.

4a 2b
+ 3 sin x
x5
x

14.

cos (x+a)

16.

1
1 + sin x

n1

15. cosec3 x cosec x cot2 x

17.

2. 1

n1

19. n sin x

cos x

458

MATHEMATICS

x cos

27.

( 2 sin x x cos x )
4
sin 2 x

1 + tanx x sec 2 x

28.

29.

( x + sec x ) (1 sec 2 x ) + ( x tan x ) . (1 + sec x tan x )

30.

sin x n x cos x
sin n +1 x

(1 + tanx )

EXERCISE 14.1
(i) This sentence is always false because the maximum number of days in a
month is 31. Therefore, it is a statement.
(ii) This is not a statement because for some people mathematics can be easy
and for some others it can be difficult.
(iii) This sentence is always true because the sum is 12 and it is greater than 10.
Therefore, it is a statement.
(iv) This sentence is sometimes true and sometimes not true. For example the
square of 2 is even number and the square of 3 is an odd number. Therefore,
it is not a statement.
(v) This sentence is sometimes true and sometimes false. For example, squares
and rhombus have equal length whereas rectangles and trapezium have
unequal length. Therefore, it is not a statement.
(vi) It is an order and therefore, is not a statement.
(vii) This sentence is false as the product is (8). Therefore, it is a statement.
(viii) This sentence is always true and therefore, it is a statement.
(ix) It is not clear from the context which day is referred and therefore, it is not
a statement.
(x) This is a true statement because all real numbers can be written in the form
a + i 0.
2. The three examples can be:
(i) Everyone in this room is bold. This is not a statement because from the
context it is not clear which room is reffered here and the term bold is not
precisely defined.
(ii) She is an engineering student. This is also not a statement because who
she is.
(iii) cos2 is always greater than 1/2. Unless, we know what is, we cannot
say whether the sentence is true or not.
1.

ANSWERS

459

EXERCISES 14.2
1.

(i) Chennai is not the capital of Tamil Nadu.

(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
2. (i)

(ii)

3.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

2 is a complex number.
All triangles are equilateral tringles.
The number 2 is not greater than 7.
Every natural number is not an integer.
The negation of the first statement is the number x is a rational number.
which is the same as the second statement This is because when a number
is not irrational, it is a rational. Therefore, the given pairs are negations of
each other.
The negation of the first statement is x is an irrational number which is
the same as the second statement. Therefore, the pairs are negations of
each other.
Number 3 is prime; number 3 is odd (True).
All integers are positive; all integers are negative (False).
100 is divisible by 3,100 is divisible by 11 and 100 is divisible by 5 (False).

EXERCISE 14.3
(i) And. The component statements are:
All rational numbers are real.
All real numbers are not complex.
(ii) Or. The component statements are:
Square of an integer is positive.
Square of an integer is negative.
(iii) And. the component statements are:
The sand heats up quickily in the sun.
The sand does not cool down fast at night.
(iv) And. The component statements are:
2
x = 2 is a root of the equation 3x x 10 = 0
2
x = 3 is a root of the equation 3x x 10 = 0
2. (i) There exists. The negation is
There does not exist a number which is equal to its square.
(ii) For every. The negation is
There exists a real number x such that x is not less than x + 1.
(iii) There exists. The negation is
There exists a state in India which does not have a capital.
1.

460

MATHEMATICS

No. The negation of the statement in (i) is There exists real number x and
y for which x + y y + x, instead of the statement given in (ii).
4. (i) Exclusive
(ii) Inclusive
(iii) Exclusive
3.

EXERCISE 14.4
1.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

2.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

3.

(i)
(ii)

A natural number is odd implies that its square is odd.

A natural number is odd only if its square is odd.
For a natural number to be odd it is necessary that its square is odd.
For the square of a natural number to be odd, it is sufficient that the number
is odd
If the square of a natural number is not odd, then the natural number
is not odd.
The contrapositive is
If a number x is not odd, then x is not a prime number.
The converse is
If a number x in odd, then it is a prime number.
The contrapositive is
If two lines intersect in the same plane, then they are not parallel
The converse is
If two lines do not interesect in the same plane, then they are parallel
The contrapositive is
If something is not at low temperature, then it is not cold
The converse is
If something is at low temperature, then it is cold
The contrapositive is
If you know how to reason deductively, then you can comprehend geometry.
The converse is
If you do not know how to reason deductively, then you can not comprehend
geometry.
This statement can be written as If x is an even number, then x is
divisible by 4.
The contrapositive is, If x is not divisible by 4, then x is not an even number.
The converse is, If x is divisible by 4, then x is an even number.
If you get a job, then your credentials are good.
If the banana tree stays warm for a month, then it will bloom.

ANSWERS

(iii)
(iv)
4. a (i)
(ii)
b (i)
(ii)

461

If diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then it is a parallelogram.

If you get A+ in the class, then you do all the exercises in the book.
Contrapositive
Converse
Contrapositive
Converse

EXERCISE 14.5
5.

(i) False. By definition of the chord, it should intersect the circle in two points.
(ii) False. This can be shown by giving a counter example. A chord which is not
a dimaeter gives the counter example.
(iii) True. In the equation of an ellipse if we put a = b, then it is a circle
(Direct Method)
(iv) True, by the rule of inequality
(v) False. Since 11 is a prime number, therefore 11 is irrational.

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 14

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
2. (i)
1.

There exists a positive real number x such that x1 is not positive.

There exists a cat which does not scratch.
There exists a real number x such that neither x > 1 nor x < 1.
There does not exist a number x such that 0 < x < 1.
The statement can be written as If a positive integer is prime, then it has no
divisors other than 1 and itself.
The converse of the statement is
If a positive integer has no divisors other than 1 and itself, then it is a prime.
The contrapositive of the statement is
If positive integer has divisors other than 1 and itself then it is not prime.
(ii) The given statement can be written as If it is a sunny day, then I go
to a beach.
The converse of the statement is
If I go to beach, then it is a sunny day.
The contrapositive is
If I do not go to a beach, then it is not a sunny day.
(iii) The converse is
If you feel thirsty, then it is hot outside.
The contrapositive is
If you do not feel thirsty, then it is not hot outside.

462

MATHEMATICS

(i) If there is log on to the server, then you have a password.

(ii) If it rains, then there is traffic jam.
(iii) If you can access the website, then you pay a subscription fee.
4. (i) You watch television if and only if your mind in free.
(ii) You get an A grade if and only you do all the homework regularly.
(iii) A quadrilateral is equiangular if and only if it is a rectangle.
5. The compound statement with And is 25 is a multiple of 5 and 8
This is a false statement.
The compound statement with Or is 25 is a multiple of 5 or 8
This is true statement.
7. Same as Q1 in Exercise 14.4
3.

EXERCISE 15.1
1. 3

2. 8.4

3. 2.33

4. 7

5. 6.32

6. 16

7. 3.23

8. 5.1

11. 10.34

12. 7.35

9. 157.92

10. 11.28

EXERCISE 15.2
1. 9, 9.25

n + 1 n2 1
,
2.
2
12

5. 100, 29.09
6. 64, 1.69
9. 93, 105.52, 10.27

3. 16.5, 74.25
7. 107, 2276
10. 5.55, 43.5

4. 19, 43.4
8. 27, 132

EXERCISE 15.3
1. B
4. A

2. Y
5. Weight

3. (i) B, (ii) B

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 15

1. 4, 8
2. 6, 8
3. 24, 12
5. (i) 10.1, 1.99 (ii) 10.2, 1.98
6. Highest Chemistry and lowest Mathematics

7. 20, 3.036

ANSWERS

463

EXERCISE 16.1
1.
2.
or
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

{HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, HTT, THT, TTT}

{(x, y) : x, y = 1,2,3,4,5,6}
{(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), ..., (1,6), (2,1), (2,2), ..., (2,6), ..., (6, 1), (6, 2), ..., (6,6)}
{HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HTHH, THHH, HHTT, HTHT, HTTH, THHT, THTH,
TTHH, HTTT, THTT, TTHT, TTTH, TTTT}
{H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6}
{H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, T}
{XB1, XB2, XG1, XG2, YB3, YG3, YG4, YG5}
{R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6}
(i) {BB, BG, GB, GG} (ii) {0, 1, 2}
{RW, WR, WW}
[HH, HT, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6}
{DDD, DDN, DND, NDD, DNN, NDN, NND, NNN}
{T, H1, H3, H5, H21, H22, H23, H24, H25, H26, H41, H42, H43, H44, H45, H46,
H61, H62, H63, H64, H65, H66}
{(1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (2,1), (2,3), (2,4), (3,1), (3,2), (3,4), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3)}
{1HH, 1HT, 1TH, 1TT, 2H, 2T, 3HH, 3HT, 3TH, 3TT, 4H, 4T, 5HH, 5HT, 5TH,
5TT, 6H, 6T}
{TR1, TR2, TB1, TB2, TB3, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6}
{6, (1,6), (2,6), (3,6), (4,6), (5,6), (1,1,6), (1,2,6), ..., (1,5,6), (2,1,6). (2,2,6), ...,
(2,5,6), ..., (5,1,6), (5,2,6), ... }

EXERCISE 16.2
1. No.
2. (i) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(ii) (iii) {3, 6}
(iv) {1, 2, 3} (v) {6}
(vi) {3, 4, 5, 6}, AB = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, AB = , BC = {3, 6}, EF = {6},
DE = ,
A C = {1, 2,4,5}, D E = {1,2,3}, E F = , F = {1, 2}
3. A = {(3,6), (4,5), (5, 4), (6,3), (4,6), (5,5), (6,4), (5,6), (6,5), (6,6)}
B = {(1,2), (2,2), (3, 2), (4,2), (5,2), (6,2), (2,1), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6)}
C ={(3,6), (6,3), (5, 4), (4,5), (6,6)}
A and B, B and C are mutually exclusive.
4.
5.

(i) A and B; A and C; B and C; C and D (ii) A and C (iii) B and D

(i) Getting at least two heads, and getting at least two tails
(ii) Getting no heads, getting exactly one head and getting at least two
heads

464

MATHEMATICS

(iii) Getting at most two tails, and getting exactly two tails
(iv) Getting exactly one head and getting exactly two heads
(v) Getting exactly one tail, getting exactly two tails, and getting exactly
three tails

$Note

There may be other events also as answer to the above question.

6. A = {(2, 1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}
B = {(1, 1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6)}
C = {(1, 1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (3,1), (3,2), (4,1)}
(i) A = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6)} = B
(ii) B = {(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)} = A
(iii) AB = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5),
(3,6), (5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,5),
(2,6), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6), (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4),
(6,5), (6,6)} = S
(iv) A B =
(v) A C = {(2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6), (6,1), (6,2), (6,3),
(6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}
(vi) B C = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (3,1), (3,2),
(3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6), (4,1), (5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6)}
(vii) B C = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (3,1), (3,2)}
(viii) A B C = {(2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6), (6,1), (6,2),
(6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}
7. (i) True (ii) True (iii) True (iv) False (v) False (vi) False

EXERCISE 16.3
1. (a) Yes

(b) Yes

(c) No

(d) No

3. (i)

1
2
1
5
(ii) (iii) (iv) 0 (v)
2
3
6
6

5. (i)

1
1
(ii)
12
12

6.

3
5

(e) No

2.

3
4

4. (a) 52 (b)

1
1
1
(ii)
(c) (i)
52
13
2

ANSWERS

465

7. Rs 4.00 gain, Rs 1.50 gain, Re 1.00 loss, Rs 3.50 loss, Rs 6.00 loss.
P ( Winning Rs 4.00) =
P (Losing Rs 3.50) =
8. (i)
9.

1
1
3
, P(Winning Rs 1.50) = , P (Losing Re. 1.00) =
16
4
8

1
1
, P (Losing Rs 6.00) = .
4
16

1
3
1
7
1
1
3
1
7
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
8
8
2
8
8
8
8
8
8

9
11

10. (i)

6
13

(ii)

7
13

11.

1
38760

12. (i) No, because P(AB) must be less than or equal to P(A) and P(B), (ii) Yes
13. (i)

7
15

(ii) 0.5 (iii) 0.15

15. (i)

5
8

(ii)

3
8

18. 0.6
21. (i)

19
30

11
30

(ii)

(iii)

14.

4
5

16. No

17. (i) 0.58 (ii) 0.52 (iii) 0.74

19. 0.55

20. 0.65

2
15

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 16

20

C5
1. (i) 60
C5

(ii) 1

30

C5
2.
60
C5

13

C3 . 13 C1
52
C4

3. (i)

1
1
5
(ii)
(iii)
2
2
6

4. (a)

5. (a)

17
33

6.

(b)

16
33

999
1000

2
5

(ii)

3
8

10.

C2
10000
C2

2
3

7. (i) 0.88 (ii) 0.12 (iii) 0.19 (iv) 0.34

9. (i)

9990

(b)

1
5040

8.

4
5

9990

(c)

C10
C10

10000