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Chapter 10 Homework

Chapter 10 Homework
Due: 10:00pm on Wednesday, April 16, 2014
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy

Torque about the z Axis

Learning Goal:
To understand two different techniques for computing the torque on an object due to an applied force.
Imagine an object with a pivot point p at the origin of the coordinate system shown . The force vector F lies in the xy
plane, and this force of magnitude F acts on the object at a
point in the xy plane. The vector r is the position vector
relative to the pivot point p to the point where F is applied.
The torque on the object due to the force F is equal to the
cross product = r F . When, as in this problem, the
force vector and lever arm both lie in the xy plane of the paper
or computer screen, only the z component of torque is
nonzero.
When the torque vector is parallel to the z axis ( = ^
k), it is
easiest to find the magnitude and sign of the torque, , in
terms of the angle between the position and force vectors
using one of two simple methods: the Tangential Component
of the Force method or the Moment Arm of the Force method.
Note that in this problem, the positive z direction is
perpendicular to the computer screen and points toward you
^
^
(given by the right-hand rule ^
i j = k), so a positive torque would cause counterclockwise rotation about the z axis.

Tangential component of the force

Part A
Decompose the force vector F into radial (i.e., parallel to
r ) and tangential (perpendicular to r ) components as
shown. Find the magnitude of the radial and tangential
components, Fr and Ft . You may assume that is
between zero and 90 degrees.
Enter your answer as an ordered pair. Express Ft
and

Fr

in terms of F and .

Hint 1. Magnitude of F r

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Use the given angle between the force vector F and its radial component

Fr

to compute the magnitude Fr .

ANSWER:
(Fr , Ft )

F cos(), F sin()

Correct

Part B
Is the following statement true or false?
The torque about point p is proportional to the length r of the position vector r .
ANSWER:
true
false

Correct

Part C
Is the following statement true or false?
Both the radial and tangential components of F generate torque about point p.
ANSWER:
true
false

Correct

Part D
Is the following statement true or false?
In this problem, the tangential force vector would tend to turn an object clockwise around pivot point p.
ANSWER:

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true
false

Correct

Part E
Find the torque about the pivot point p due to force F . Your answer should correctly express both the magnitude
and sign of .
Express your answer in terms of Ft and

or in terms of F , , and r.

ANSWER:

rF sin()

Correct

Moment arm of the force

In the figure, the dashed line extending from the force vector is called the line of action of F . The perpendicular distance
rm from the pivot point p to the line of action is called the moment arm of the force.

Part F
What is the length,
F

rm

, of the moment arm of the force

about point p?

Express your answer in terms of r and .

ANSWER:
rm

rsin()

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Correct

Part G
Find the torque about p due to F . Your answer should correctly express both the magnitude and sign of .
Express your answer in terms of rm and

or in terms of r, , and

ANSWER:

rF sin()

Correct
Three equivalent expressions for expressing torque about the z axis have been discussed in this problem:
1. Torque is defined as the cross product between the position and force vectors. When both F and r lie in the
xy plane, only the z component of torque is nonzero, and the cross product simplifies to:

^
^
= r F = r F sin()k = k

Note that a positive value for indicates a counterclockwise direction about the z axis.
2. Torque is generated by the component of F that is tangential to the position vector r (the tangential
component of force):
= r F t = r F sin()

3. The magnitude of torque is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance between the z axis and
the line of action of a force, rm , called the moment arm of the force:
= rm F = r sin() F

Exercise 10.3
A square metal plate 0.180 m on each side is pivoted about an axis through point
the plate .

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Part A
Calculate the net torque about this axis due to the three forces shown in the figure if the magnitudes of the forces
are F1 = 21.0N , F2 = 16.1N , and F3 = 17.0N . The plate and all forces are in the plane of the page. Take
positive torques to be counterclockwise.
ANSWER:

= 1.72

Nm

Correct

Exercise 10.6
A metal bar is in the xy-plane with one end of the bar at the origin. A force F = ( 6.24N
the bar at the point x = 2.46m , y = 3.76m .

^
)i + (

-3.25N

^
)j

is applied to

Part A
What is the position vector r for the point where the force is applied?
Enter the x and y components of the radius vector separated by a comma.
ANSWER:
rx

ry

= 2.46,3.76

Correct

Part B
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What are the magnitude of the torque with respect to the origin produced by

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

ANSWER:

= 31.5 Nm

Correct

Part C
What are direction of the torque with respect to the origin produced by

ANSWER:
-direction

+x
+y

-direction

-direction

+z

-direction

x
y

-direction

-direction

Correct

Pivoted Rod with Unequal Masses

The figure shows a simple model of a seesaw. These consist
of a plank/rod of mass mr and length 2x allowed to pivot
freely about its center (or central axis), as shown in the
diagram. A small sphere of mass m1 is attached to the left
end of the rod, and a small sphere of mass m2 is attached to
the right end. The spheres are small enough that they can be
considered point particles. The gravitational force acts
downward. The magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity is
equal to g.

Part A
I
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What is the moment of inertia I of this assembly about the axis through which it is pivoted?
Express the moment of inertia in terms of mr ,

m1

m2

, and

. Keep in mind that the length of the rod is

, not x.

2x

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

The moment of inertia of the assembly about the pivot is equal to the sum of the moments of inertia of each
of the components of the assembly about the pivot point. That is, the total moment of inertia is equal to the
moment of inertia of the rod plus the moment of inertia of the particle of mass m1 plus the moment of inertia
of the particle of mass

m2

, all measured with respect to the pivot point.

Hint 2. Find the moment of inertia due to the sphere of mass m1

What is the moment of inertia of the particle of mass

m1

measured about the pivot point?

Express your answer in terms of given quantities.

Hint 1. Formula for moment of inertia

Consider an object consisting of particles with masses

mi

. Let

ri

be the distance of the i th particle

from the axis of rotation. Then the moment of inertia I of the object about the axis of rotation is given
by
2

I = mi r
i

ANSWER:
I1

m1 x

Hint 3. Find the moment of inertia due to the sphere of mass m2

What is the moment of inertia of the particle of mass

m2

measured about the pivot point?

Express your answer in terms of given quantities.

ANSWER:
I2

m2 x

Hint 4. Find the moment of inertia of the rod

What is the moment of inertia of the rod about the pivot point?
Express Ir in terms of mr and

Hint 1. General formula for the moment of inertia of a rod

Consider a rod of total length L and mass

mr

, pivoted about its center. (In this problem,

2x
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.) What is the moment of inertia of the rod about its pivot point?

2x

ANSWER:
mr L

(1/3)mr L
(1/4)mr L

(1/12)mr L

ANSWER:
Ir

mr x

ANSWER:

x (m 1 + m 2 +

mr
3

Correct

Part B
Suppose that the rod is held at rest horizontally and then released. (Throughout the remainder of this problem, your
answer may include the symbol I , the moment of inertia of the assembly, whether or not you have answered the
first part correctly.)
What is the angular acceleration of the rod immediately after it is released?
Take the counterclockwise direction to be positive. Express in terms of some or all of the variables mr ,
m1

m2

, , and g.

x I

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

The forces acting on the system (spheres and rod) are the weights of the spheres and the rod, and the
reaction force from the pivot. Find the torque due to each of these forces about the pivot point and add them
with the correct signs. Finally, use Newton's second law for rotational motion: = I .

Hint 2. Find the torque due to the sphere of mass m1

Find the torque about the pivot due to the sphere of mass

m1

Express your answer in terms of given quantities. Keep in mind that the positive direction is
counterclockwise.

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Hint 1. Formula for torque

The torque about the pivot point due to a force F is
= rpivot F sin = rpivot F = (moment arm)F

where r pivot
is the vector from the pivot point to the point where the force is applied. The other

symbols have their usual meanings. If you are using any of the latter two expressions, you must
remember that if the force tends to cause a clockwise rotation, you need to include a negative sign in
your expression since the torque due to such a force is taken to be negative (by convention).
ANSWER:
1

m1 gx

Hint 3. Find the torque due to the sphere of mass m2

Find the torque about the pivot due to the particle of mass

m2

Express your answer in terms of given quantities. Keep in mind that the positive direction is
counterclockwise.
ANSWER:
2

m2 gx

Hint 4. Torque due to forces acting on the rod

Besides the two masses, there are two more forces to consider: the normal force acting at the pivot and the
gravitational force acting on the rod. The normal force acts at the pivot point, so its distance from the pivot
point is zero, and thus this force contributes zero torque. The gravitational force acts at the rod's center of
mass, which is also at the pivot point. Therefore, the torque due to the gravitational force about the pivot
point is also zero for the rod.

Hint 5. Relating the angular acceleration to the net torque

Let the net torque acting on the system about the pivot point be denoted by
pivot

pivot

. Find an expression for

Express your answer in terms of the system's moment of inertia I and its resulting angular
acceleration . (Use I in your answer, not the expression for I you found in Part A.)
ANSWER:
pivot

ANSWER:

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(m1 m2 )gx
I

Correct
Substituting for I , the value obtained in Part A yields
(m1 m2 )g

=
(

mr
3

+m1 +m2 )x

A large angular acceleration is often desirable. This can be accomplished by making the connecting rod light
and short (since both mr and x appear in the denominator of the expression for ). For a seesaw, on the
other hand,

mr

and x are usually chosen to be as large as possible, while making sure that the "rod" does not

get too heavy and unwieldy. This ensures that the angular acceleration is quite low.

Exercise 10.15
A wheel rotates without friction about a stationary horizontal axis at the center of the wheel. A constant tangential force
equal to 73.0N is applied to the rim of the wheel. The wheel has radius 0.100m . Starting from rest, the wheel has an
angular speed of 15.0rev/s after 2.21s .

Part A
What is the moment of inertia of the wheel?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
ANSWER:
I

= 0.171 kgm2

Correct

Hoop on a Ramp
A circular hoop of mass
with the horizontal.

, radius r, and infinitesimal thickness rolls without slipping down a ramp inclined at an angle

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Part A
What is the acceleration a of the center of the hoop?
Express the acceleration in terms of physical constants and all or some of the quantities m, r, and .

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Draw a diagram showing the forces and torques on the hoop. Write the corresponding force and torque
equations. Consider the condition for no slipping. Finally, solve this system of equations for a.

Hint 2. Find the torque about the center of mass

Write an expression for the total torque on the hoop about its center of mass. (By convention, a positive
torque produces a counterclockwise rotation, and a negative torque produces a clockwise rotation.)
Express the torque in terms of given quantities and the force of friction

Ffric

Hint 1. A formula for the magnitude of torque

A force F whose line of action is a perpendicular distance L (called the lever arm) from the chosen
center of rotation creates a torque with magnitude = F L.

Hint 2. Existence and direction of the frictional force

If there is no slipping, a frictional force on the hoop must exist. In what direction does the frictional
force act?

Hint 1. Finding the direction of the frictional force

To figure out the direction of friction, consider the process by which friction is brought into
play. When the hoop is placed on the ramp, it will start sliding down the ramp due to (a
component of) its weight. Friction "kicks in," stopping this sliding and causing the hoop to roll
instead.
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ANSWER:
down the ramp (along the + x axis)
up the ramp (along the x axis)
to the right but not along the + x axis
to the left but not along the x axis

ANSWER:

Ffric r

Hint 3. Find an expression for the torque

Complete the general equation of rotational dynamics relating an object's moment of inertia and angular
acceleration to the total torque acting on the object.
Express the torque

in terms of the moment of inertia

and angular acceleration

ANSWER:

Hint 4. What is the moment of inertia of the hoop?

What is the moment of inertia I of the circular hoop?
Express your answer in terms of m and r.
ANSWER:
I

mr

Hint 5. Find the frictional force

Using Newton's second law to relate the forces acting on the hoop to the hoop's acceleration, find an
expression for the force of friction Ffric .
Express your answer in terms of m, , a, and g.

Hint 1. Existence and direction of the frictional force

If there is no slipping, a frictional force on the hoop must exist. In what direction does the frictional
force act?

Hint 1. Finding the direction of the frictional force

To figure out the direction of friction, consider the process by which friction is brought into
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play. When the hoop is placed on the ramp, it will start sliding down the ramp due to (a
component of) its weight. Friction "kicks in," stopping this sliding and causing the hoop to roll
instead.
ANSWER:
down the ramp (along the + x axis)
up the ramp (along the x axis)
to the right but not along the + x axis
to the left but not along the x axis

Hint 2. Find the total force on the hoop

Use Newton's laws to write an expression for max , the mass of the hoop times the acceleration of
the center of mass of the hoop in the x direction.
Express your answer in terms of Ffric , the force of friction, and some or all of the other
variables supplied in the problem introduction.
ANSWER:
max

mgsin() Ffric

ANSWER:
Ffric

ma + mgsin()

Hint 6. Find the linear acceleration

If you've answered the previous parts, the only missing link is the relationship between linear acceleration
and angular acceleration. Find the linear acceleration a in terms of the angular acceleration . Use a
coordinate system in which the positive x axis points down the ramp, and keep in mind that
counterclockwise angular acceleration is positive.
Express your answer in terms of r and

ANSWER:
a

Hint 7. Putting it all together

If you've used the previous hints, you will have five equations involving five unknowns:

Ffric

, I,

, and a.

Solve this system of equations to eliminate the first four of these unknowns to obtain an expression for a
involving only the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity g and all or some of the given variables m, r,
and .
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ANSWER:
a

gsin()
2

Correct
So the acceleration is independent of the hoop characteristics, that is, the mass and size (radius) of the hoop.
This is quite generally true for objects freely rolling down a ramp; the acceleration depends only on the
distribution of mass, for example, whether the object is a disk or a sphere, but within each class the
acceleration is the same. For example, all spheres will accelerate at the same rate, though this rate is different
from the rate for (all) disks.

Part B
What is the minimum coefficient of (static) friction min needed for the hoop to roll without slipping? Note that it is
static and not kinetic friction that is relevant here, since the bottom point on the wheel is not moving relative to the
ground (this is the meaning of no slipping).
Express the minimum coefficient of friction in terms of all or some of the given quantities m, r, and .

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

In Part A of this problem, you found the linear acceleration a of the hoop, assuming that it rolls without
slipping. In one of the hints for the previous part, Newton's second law is used to derive an equation for Ffric
in terms of the force of gravity and the linear acceleration of the hoop. The force of friction must be large
enough to satisfy this equation if the hoop is to roll without slipping. However, for a given coefficient of friction
, there is a maximum limit on the magnitude of the frictional force. That means that there is some
minimum value of below which the hoop cannot roll without slipping. To find min take the expression for
the maximum force of friction for a given value of , and then substitute this expression for Ffric into
Newton's second law.

Hint 2. Find the maximum value of the frictional force

If the coefficient of static friction is

, what is

Ffric.max

, the maximum possible magnitude of the force of

static friction?
Express your answer in terms of the normal force

and the coefficient of friction

ANSWER:
Ffric.max

Hint 3. What is the normal force?

Using Newton's laws, write down an expression for the normal force N .
Express your answer in terms of m, r, and/or

and any physical constants.

ANSWER:
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N

mgcos()

Hint 4. Putting it all together

Let's make things a little clearer. Solve the following relationships that you've found for :
Ffric = N

N = mg cos()

Ffric + mg sin() = ma

a = (g/2) sin()

ANSWER:

min

tan()
2

Correct

Part C
Imagine that the above hoop is a tire. The coefficient of static friction between rubber and concrete is typically at
least 0.9. What is the maximum angle max you could ride down without worrying about skidding?
Express your answer numerically, in degrees, to two significant figures.
ANSWER:
max

= 61

Correct
When roads are wet or icy though, the coefficient of friction between rubber and concrete drops to about 0.3
(or less), making skidding likely at much smaller angles.

Exercise 10.24
A uniform marble rolls down a symmetric bowl, starting from rest at the top of the left side. The top of each side is a
distance h above the bottom of the bowl. The left half of the bowl is rough enough to cause the marble to roll without
slipping, but the right half has no friction because it is coated with oil.

Part A
How far up the smooth side will the marble go, measured vertically from the bottom?
Express your answer in terms of h.
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ANSWER:
=

5
7

Correct

Part B
How high would the marble go if both sides were as rough as the left side?
Express your answer in terms of h.
ANSWER:

Correct

Exercise 10.20
A string is wrapped several times around the rim of a small hoop with radius 8.00 cm and mass 0.180kg . The free end
of the string is held in place and the hoop is released from rest (the figure ). After the hoop has descended 65.0cm ,
calculate

Part A
the angular speed of the rotating hoop and
ANSWER:

= 31.5

rad/s

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Correct

Part B
the speed of its center.
ANSWER:
v

= 2.52

m/s

Correct

Pulling a String Adds Energy to a Wheel

A bicycle wheel is mounted on a fixed, frictionless axle, with
a light string wound around its rim. The wheel has moment of
inertia I = kmr2 , where m is its mass, r is its radius, and
k is a dimensionless constant between zero and one. The
wheel is rotating counterclockwise with angular speed 0 ,
when at time t = 0 someone starts pulling the string with a
force of magnitude F . Assume that the string does not slip on
the wheel.

Part A
Suppose that after a certain time tL , the string has been pulled through a distance L. What is the final rotational
speed final of the wheel?
Express your answer in terms of L,

, I , and

Hint 1. Which physical principle to use

Apply the work-energy theorem:

K final = K initial + W

Hint 2. Find the final kinetic energy of the wheel

What is the kinetic energy

K final

of the wheel at time tL ?

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Express the final kinetic energy in terms of some or all of the variables L,

, I , and

Hint 1. Find the initial kinetic energy of rotation

What is the kinetic energy

K initial

of the wheel at time t

Express your answer in terms of I and

= 0

Hint 1. Formula for kinetic energy

The formula for the kinetic energy
axis with angular speed , is

of an object with moment of inertia I , rotating about an

K=

1
2

ANSWER:
K initial

I 0

Hint 2. Find the work done by the applied force

What is the work
t = tL ?

done on the wheel by the force acting through the string between t

= 0

and

Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables defined in the problem
introduction.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

The work done can be found either as the product of the torque and the angle turned by the
wheel, or the product of the force and the distance moved by the point of application of the
force.
ANSWER:
W

FL

ANSWER:
K final

FL+

I 0

ANSWER:

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final

2F L
I

+ 0

Correct

Part B
What is the instantaneous power P delivered to the wheel via the force F at time t

= 0

Express the power in terms of some or all of the variables given in the problem introduction.

Hint 1. How to compute power

In general, power is defined as an amount of work done per unit time:
this, where the work is done by a torque , one has

dW = d

P = dW /dt

, so P

d
dt

. In a situation such as

= ,

where is the

angular speed with which the object is rotating. This expression is also equal to F v , where F is the force
applied by the string and v is the speed at which the point of application of the force is moving. (Check this if
you like.)
As a first step in computing the power with the first formula above, find , the torque due to the force F .
Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables in the problem introduction.

Hint 1. Formula for torque

The formula for the magnitude of the torque due to a force F applied at a point whose position
vector is r with respect to some origin is
,

= rF sin

where is the smaller of the angles between F and r . (Also,

F = |F |, r = |r |

.)

ANSWER:

Fr

ANSWER:
P

F 0 r

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Correct
Note that your answer can be factored either as
moment arm) applied to the wheel, or as

(F r)(0 ) =

F (r0 ) = F v

, where F r is the torque (force times

where r0

= v

is the initial velocity of the point of

application of the force, which equals the initial velocity of a point on the rim of the wheel, since the string does
not slip). So both ways of thinking about power here are completely equivalent.

Twirling a Baton
A majorette in a parade is performing some acrobatic twirlings of her baton. Assume that the baton is a uniform rod of
mass 0.120kg and length 80.0cm .

Part A
Initially, the baton is spinning about a line through its center at angular velocity 3.00rad/s . What is its angular
momentum?
Express your answer in kilogram meters squared
per second.

Hint 1. Angular momentum for a rigid body rotating about an axis of symmetry
The angular momentum

of a rigid body that rotates about an axis of symmetry at angular velocity

L = I

is

where I is the moment of inertia of the object about the rotational axis.

Hint 2. Moment of inertia

For a uniform rod of length l with mass
perpendicular to the rod is

, the moment of intertia about an axis passing through its center

1
12

Ml

ANSWER:
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1.92102

kg m /s

Correct

Part B
With a skillful move, the majorette changes the rotation of her baton so that now it is spinning about an axis
passing through its end at the same angular velocity 3.00rad/s as before. What is the new angular momentum of
the rod?
Express your answer in kilogram meters squared
per second.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

If you know the moment of inertia of a rod about one of its ends, you can solve this part in the same way that
you solved Part A.

Hint 2. Moment of inertia

For a rod of length l with mass

, the moment of intertia about an axis passing through either end is

1
3

Ml

ANSWER:
7.68102

kg m /s

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Correct
Here is another way to solve this problem. There is a theorem that relates the angular momentum L of an
object about an arbitrary axis to the angular momentum of the object about the axis passing through its center
of mass Lcm :
L = M rcm v cm + Lcm

where M is the mass of the object,

rcm

is the length of the position vector of the center of mass with respect

to the point chosen, andvcm is the velocity of the center of mass with respect to the point chosen. Substituting
for the values on the right-hand side would yield the same angular momentum that you calculated.

Exercise 10.37
A 3.40kg rock has a horizontal velocity of magnitude 12.0 m/s when it is at point

in the figure .

Part A
At this instant, what is the magnitude of its angular momentum relative to point

ANSWER:
L

= 196

kg m /s

Correct

Part B
What is the direction of the angular momentum in part (A)?
ANSWER:
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into the page

out of the page

Correct

Part C
If the only force acting on the rock is its weight, what is the magnitude of the rate of change of its angular
momentum at this instant?
ANSWER:
dL

dt

= 213

kg m /s

Correct

Part D
What is the direction of the rate in part (C)?
ANSWER:
into the page
out of the page

Correct

Record and Turntable

Learning Goal:
To understand how to use conservation of angular momentum to solve problems involving collisions of rotating bodies.
Consider a turntable to be a circular disk of moment of inertia It rotating at a constant angular velocity i around an
axis through the center and perpendicular to the plane of the disk (the disk's "primary axis of symmetry"). The axis of
the disk is vertical and the disk is supported by frictionless bearings. The motor of the turntable is off, so there is no
external torque being applied to the axis.
Another disk (a record) is dropped onto the first such that it lands coaxially (the axes coincide). The moment of inertia of
the record is Ir . The initial angular velocity of the second disk is zero.
There is friction between the two disks.
After this "rotational collision," the disks will eventually rotate with the same angular velocity.

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Part A
What is the final angular velocity,
Express f in terms of It ,

Ir

, of the two disks?

, and

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Because there is friction between the record and turntable, you can't use energy conservation. However,
since there are no net external torques acting on the system, angular momentum is conserved.

Hint 2. Initial angular momentum

Find the magnitude,

Li

, of the (combined) initial angular momenta of the two disks.

Express Li in terms of i ,

It

, and/or

Ir

ANSWER:
Li

It i

Hint 3. Final angular momentum

Find the magnitude,

Lf

, of the (combined) final angular momenta of the two disks.

Express Lf in terms of f ,

It

, and/or

Ir

ANSWER:
Lf

(It + Ir )f

ANSWER:
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I t i

I t +I r

Correct

Part B
Because of friction, rotational kinetic energy is not conserved while the disks' surfaces slip over each other. What is
the final rotational kinetic energy, K f , of the two spinning disks?
Express the final kinetic energy in terms of It ,

Ir

, and the initial kinetic energy K i of the two-disk

system. No angular velocities should appear in your answer.

Hint 1. Initial rotational kinetic energy

What is the initial rotational kinetic energy of the two-disk system,
Express your answer in terms of It and

Ki

Hint 1. Formula for rotational kinetic energy

The formula for the rotational kinetic energy
an angular velocity is

of a rigid body with moment of inertia I , spinning with

K=

1
2

ANSWER:
Ki

1
2

I t i

Hint 2. Final rotational kinetic energy

What is the final rotational kinetic energy of the two-disk system.
Express your answer in terms of It ,

Ir

, and

ANSWER:
Kf

(I t +I r )f

Hint 3. Putting it all together

Use the relationship between i and f (from the answer to the first part of this problem) to express
terms of i . Then use the equation relating K i and i to express

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Kf

Kf

in

in terms of K i .

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Chapter 10 Homework

ANSWER:
Kf

I t Ki
I t +I r

Correct
Some of the energy was converted into heat and sound as the frictional force, torque acted, stopping relative
motion.

Part C
Assume that the turntable deccelerated during time t before reaching the final angular velocity ( t is the time
interval between the moment when the top disk is dropped and the time that the disks begin to spin at the same
angular velocity). What was the average torque, , acting on the bottom disk due to friction with the record?
Express the torque in terms of It ,

, and

Hint 1. Average angular acceleration

What is the average angular acceleration, , of the bottom disk?
Express in terms of i ,

, and

Hint 1. Definition of average angular acceleration

The angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity. The average angular acceleration is
the net change in angular velocity (final angular velocity minus initial angular velocity) divided by the
elapsed time.
ANSWER:
f i

Hint 2. Formula for torque

The torque is given by
=I

d
dt

ANSWER:

i) I t
t

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Correct

Exercise 10.44
A diver comes off a board with arms straight up and legs straight down, giving her a moment of inertia about her rotation
axis of 18kg m2 . She then tucks into a small ball, decreasing this moment of inertia to 3.6kg m2 . While tucked,
she makes two complete revolutions in 1.0s .

Part A
If she hadn't tucked at all, how many revolutions would she have made in the 1.7s from board to water?
Express your answer using two significant figures.
ANSWER:
0.68

rev

Correct

Exercise 10.47
A small 14.0-g bug stands at one end of a thin uniform bar that is initially at rest on a smooth horizontal table. The other
end of the bar pivots about a nail driven into the table and can rotate freely, without friction. The bar has mass 70.0g and
is 120cm in length. The bug jumps off in the horizontal direction, perpendicular to the bar, with a speed of 25.0cm/s
relative to the table.

Part A
What is the angular speed of the bar just after the frisky insect leaps?
ANSWER:

= 0.125

rad/s

Correct

Torque Magnitude Ranking Task

The wrench in the figure has six forces of equal magnitude acting on it.

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Part A
Rank these forces (A through F) on the basis of the magnitude of the torque they apply to the wrench, measured
about an axis centered on the bolt.
Rank from largest to smallest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Hint 1. Definition of torque

Torque is a measure of the "twist" that an applied force exerts on an object. Mathematically, torque is
defined as
= rF sin ,
where r is the magnitude of the displacement vector from the rotation axis to the point of application of the
force of magnitude F , and is the angle between this displacement and the applied force, as shown in the
figure.

The direction of a torque can be either counterclockwise (as above) or clockwise. This is determined by the
direction the object will rotate under the action of the force.

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Hint 2. Maximum torque

Based on the mathematical definition of torque, torque is maximized when the force is large in magnitude,
located a large distance from the axis of interest, and oriented perpendicular to the displacement r , which is
often referred to as the lever arm of the force.
ANSWER:

Correct

Exercise 10.11
A machine part has the shape of a solid uniform sphere of mass 235g and diameter 4.50cm . It is spinning about a
frictionless axle through its center, but at one point on its equator it is scraping against metal, resulting in a friction force
of 0.0200 N at that point.

Part A
Find its angular acceleration. Let the direction the sphere is spinning be the positive sense of rotation.
ANSWER:

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rad/s

Part B
How long will it take to decrease its rotational speed by 28.0rad/s ?
ANSWER:

Exercise 10.23
A solid ball is released from rest and slides down a hillside that slopes downward at an angle 66.0 from the horizontal.

Part A
What minimum value must the coefficient of static friction between the hill and ball surfaces have for no slipping to
occur?
ANSWER:

kmin

Exercise 10.31
A playground merry-go-round has radius 2.90m and moment of inertia 3000kg m2 about a vertical axle through its
center, and it turns with negligible friction.

Part A
A child applies an 19.0N force tangentially to the edge of the merry-go-round for 25.0s . If the merry-go-round is
initially at rest, what is its angular speed after this 25.0s interval?
ANSWER:

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rad/s

Part B
How much work did the child do on the merry-go-round?
ANSWER:

Part C
What is the average power supplied by the child?
ANSWER:

Exercise 10.39

Part A
Find the magnitude of the angular momentum of the second hand on a clock about an axis through the center of the
clock face. The clock hand has a length of 15.0 cm and a mass of 6.00 g. Take the second hand to be a slender
rod rotating with constant angular velocity about one end.
ANSWER:

kg m /s

Exercise 10.41
Under some circumstances, a star can collapse into an extremely dense object made mostly of neutrons and called a
neutron star. The density of a neutron star is roughly 1014 times as great as that of ordinary solid matter. Suppose we
represent the star as a uniform, solid, rigid sphere, both before and after the collapse. The star's initial radius was
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8.0105km (comparable to our sun); its final radius is 18km .

Part A
If the original star rotated once in 35 days, find the angular speed of the neutron star.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
ANSWER:

rad/s

Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 110%.
You received 14.31 out of a possible total of 14 points, plus 1.04 points of extra credit.

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