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Aqueous Equilibria:

Buffers & Titrations

AMHS AP Chemistry
Multiple Choice questions

Name__________________

Common-Ion Effect
1) The pH of a solution that contains 0.818 M acetic acid (Ka = 1.77x10-5) and 0.172 M sodium acetate is ___.
A) 4.077
B) 5.434
C) 8.571
D) 8.370
E) 9.922
2) Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.37 mol of formic acid (HCO2H) and 0.23 mol of
sodium formate (NaCO2H) in water sufficient to yield 1.00 L of solution. The Ka of formic acid is 1.77x104.
A) 2.1

B) 10.46

C) 3.55

D) 2.31

E) 3.95

3) Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.25 mol of benzoic acid (C7H5O2H) and 0.15 of
sodium benzoate (NaC7H5O2) in water sufficient to yield 1.00 L of solution. The Ka of benzoic acid is 6.50x10-5.
A) 4.41 B) 2.40
C) 3.97
D) 10.08
E) 4.19
4) Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.15 mol of benzoic acid (HBz) and 0.30 mol of sodium
benzoate in water sufficient to yield 1.00L of solution. The Ka of benzoic acid is 6.50x10-5.
A) 2.52
B) 3.89
C) 4.49
D) 10.16
E) 4.20
5) Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.750 mol of NH3 and 0.250 mol of NH4Cl in water
sufficient to yield 1.00 L of solution. The Kb of ammonia is 1.77x10-5.
A) 5.22
B) 4.27
C) 9.73
D) 8.78
E) 0.89
6) The pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.350 mol of solid methylamine hydrochloride (CH3NH3Cl) in
1.00L of 1.10M methylamine (CH3NH2) is __________. The Kb for methylamine is 4.4 x 10-4. (Assume the final
volume is 1.00 L.)
A) 1.86
B) 2.66
C) 10.15
D) 11.14
E) 10.64
Buffers
7) What does a buffer do?
a) Keeps the pH of a solution constant
b) Keeps the salt concentration of a solution constant
c) Keeps the cation concentration constant
d) Keeps the anion concentration constant
8) What substances are present in a buffer?
a) A weak base or acid and its salt
b) A hydrolyzing salt only
c) A weak base or acid only
d) A salt only
9) The addition of hydrofluoric acid and __________ to water produces a buffer solution.
C) NaF
D) NaCl
E) NaBr
A) HCl B) NaNO3

40) A 25.0 mL sample of 0.723 M HClO4 is titrated with a 0.273 M KOH solution. What is the [H+] (molarity)
before any base is added?
A) 0.439

B) 1.00 x 10-7

C) 0.723

D) 2.81 X 10-13

E) 0.273

41) A 25.0 mL sample of 0.723 M formic acid is titrated with a 0.273 M KOH solution.
The Ka of formic acid is 1.77 x 10-4. What is the pH of the acid before any base is added?
A) 0.14
B ) 1.95
C) 3.89
D) 7.00
E) 8.19
42) A 25.0 mL sample of 0.22 M hydrazoic acid (HN3 ; Ka = 2.6 x 10-5) is titrated with a 0.30 M KOH solution.
What is the pH of the solution before any base is added?
A) 2.62

B) 5.42

C) 7.00

D) 8.97

E) 11.22

43) The pH of a solution prepared by mixing 50.0 mL of 0.125 M KOH and 50.0 mL of 0.125 M HCl is ______.
A) 6.29
B) 7.00
C) 8.11
D) 5.78
E) 0.00
44) What is the pH of a solution resulting from 65 mL of 0.15 M HClO3 titrated with 45 mL of 0.18 M NaOH?
A) 0.65
B) 1.45
C) 1.82
D) 7.95
E) 8.21
45) A 25.0 mL sample of 0.22 M hydrazoic acid (HN3 ; Ka = 2.6 x 10-5) is titrated with a 0.30 M KOH solution.
What is the pH of the solution after 16.0 mL of base is added?
A) 2.62
B) 5.42
C) 7.00
D) 8.97
E) 11.22
46) A 25.0 mL sample of 0.800 M HClO4 is titrated with a 0.300 M KOH solution. The H3O+ concentration after
the addition of 10.0 mL of KOH is __________ M.
A) 0.486
B) 1.00 x 10-7
C) 0.723
D) 2.81 X 10-13
E) 0.273
47) A 30.0 mL sample of 0.50 M HClO4 is titrated with a 0.25 M KOH solution. The H3O+ concentration after
the addition of 5.0 mL of KOH is __________ M.
A) 0.00125
B) 0.0138
C) 0.0150
D) 0.393
E) 0.439
48) A 30.0 mL sample of 0.72 M HClO4 is titrated with a 0.27 M KOH solution. What is the H3O+ concentration
after the addition of 80.0 mL of KOH?
A) 1.00 x 10-7
B) 0.0216
C) 0.196
D) 0.27
E) 0.72
49) What volume (mL) of 0.5M HNO3 is necessary to titrate 25 mL of 0.05M KOH solution to the endpoint?
A) 2.5
B) 5.0
C) 10
D) 25
E) 50
50) What volume (mL) of 0.5M HNO3 is necessary to titrate 25 mL of 0.05M Ca(OH)2 solution to the endpoint?
A) 2.5
B) 5.0
C) 10
D) 25
E) 50
51) How much 1.5 M NaOH is necessary to exactly neutralize 20.0 mL of 2.5 M H3PO4?
A) 20
B) 33
C) 40
D) 60
E) 100
52) A 25.0 mL sample of an HCl solution is titrated with a 0.15 M NaOH solution. The equivalence point is
reached with 75.0 mL of base. The concentration of HCl is _________ M.
A) 11.7
B) 0.00214
C) 0.450
D) 0.267
E) 0.139
53) A 50.0 mL sample of an aqueous H2SO4 solution is titrated with a 0.100 M NaOH solution. The equivalence
point is reached with 100 mL of NaOH solution. The concentration of H2SO4 is __________ M.
A) 0.050
B) 0.100
C) 0.150
D) 0.200
E) 0.400

18) The point at which the moles of the added strong base are equal to the moles of the weak acid
initially present
19) The point at which the pH is closest to that of the strong base being added
20) The point at which the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base are approximately
equal

The graph below shows the titration curve that results when 100 ml of 0.25M acetic acid is titrated
with 0.10M NaOH. Answer questions 27-29 is based on the curve below.

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21) Which of the following indicators is the best choice for this titration?
Indicator
pH range of colors
A) methyl orange
3.2-4.4
B) Methyl red
4.8-6.0
C) Bromothymol blue
6.1-7.6
D) Phenolphthalein
8.2-10.0
E) Alizarin
11.2-12.4
22) What part of the curve corresponds to the optimum buffer action of the acetic acid /acetate ion
pair?
A) point D
D) all along the section BD
B) point A
E) all along the section DE
C) Point E
23) What is the volume of the base used at the end point?
A) 14mL
B) 22mL
C) 25mL
D) 27mL

E) 40mL

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Buffers and Titration Free response HW

2) H3PO4 + Ca(OH)2
3) HNO3 + NH4OH
4) Calculate the concentration of hydrochloric acid if 30 ml of this acid is neutralized by 40 ml of
0.010M sodium hydroxide.
5) Calculate the concentration of sulfuric acid if 60.0 ml of this acid is neutralized by 10.0 ml of
0.010M sodium hydroxide.
6) What volume of 0.3M H2SO4 is required to titrate 90 ml of 0.4M NaOH to the end point?
7) How many ml of water needs to be added to make 500ml of 3M HCl from a stock solution of
250mL of the acid which is 6M ?
8) Predict the following salt solutions will be acidic, basic or neutral. Also fill in the rest of the table
regarding the parent acid and base from which they were formed.
Salt

Parent acid

Parent base

Type of solution
(Basic or acidic)

KCl
NH4NO3
Na3PO4
NH4 F
CuI2
SrSO4
Li(CH3COO)
Ba3(PO4)2
Ka of HF = 3.5 x 10-4,

Kb of NH3 = 1.8x 10-5

Free response
1) The overall dissociation of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is represented below. The overall dissociation
constant is also indicated.
H2C2O4 2 H+ + H2C2O42K = 3.78 x 10-6

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(a)
What volume of 0.400-molar NaOH is required to neutralize completely a 5.00 x 10-3 mole
sample of pure oxalic acid?
(b)
Give the equations representing the first and second dissociations of oxalic acid.
Calculate the value of the first dissociation constant, K1, for oxalic acid if the value of the second
dissociation constant, K2, is 6.40 x 10-5.
(c)
To a 0.015-molar solution of oxalic acid, a strong acid is added until the pH is 0.5. Calculate
the [C2O42-] in the resulting solution. (Assume the change in volume is negligible.)
(d)
Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant, Kb, for the reaction that occurs when solid
Na2C2O4 is dissolved in water.
2) A buffer solution contains 0.40 mole of formic acid, HCOOH, and 0.60 mole of sodium formate,
HCOONa, in 1.00 liter of solution. The ionization constant, Ka, of formic acid is 1.8x10-4.
(a)
Calculate the pH of this solution.
(b)
If 100 milliliters of this buffer solution is diluted to a volume of 1.00 liter with pure water, the pH
does not change. Discuss why the pH remains constant on dilution.
(c)
A 5.00 milliliter sample of 1.00 molar HCl is added to 100 milliliters of the original buffer
solution. Calculate the [H3O+] of the resulting solution.
(d)
A 800 milliliter sample of 2.00-molar formic acid is mixed with 200 milliliters of 4.80-molar
NaOH. Calculate the [H3O+] of the resulting solution.
3) A volume of 30.0 ml of 0.10M NH3 is titrated with 0.20M HCl. The value of the base dissociation
constant, Kb for NH3 in water is 1.8x10-5.
(a) Write the net ionic equation for the reaction of NH3 with HCl
(b) Using the axes provided below, sketch the titration curve that results when a total of 40ml of
0.20M HCl is added drop wise to the 30ml volume of 0.10M NH3

(c) From the table below, select the most appropriate indicator for the titration. Justify your answer.
Methyl red
Bromothymol blue
Phenolphalein

5.5
7.1
8.7