GAB Level 3 Workbook Answer Key PDF

Grammar and Beyond Workbook 3 Answer Key
Unit 1 Simple Present

and Present Progressive
First Impressions
Simple Present vs. Present Progressive
1 page 2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
treats
explains
doesnt/does not lose
is keeping
always tells or s/is always telling
see
always makes
respect
wake up
m/am teaching
always try
m/am constantly looking or constantly look
2 page 3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
s not / isnt / is not teaching

s/is doing
s/is investigating
are participating; arent/are not working
typically meets
often talk
usually asks
s/is asking; generally say
s/is also teaching or also teaches
3 page 3
2.
3.
4.
5.
m walking
m studying
Do; want
Is; playing
6.
7.
8.
9.
s not/isnt playing
re showing
want
starts / s starting
Stative Verbs
1 page 4
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Im having
dont seem
I look
Are you thinking
dont have
Im being
2 page 5
2.
3.
4.
5.
s/is being
have
s/is having
sees
Special Meanings
and Uses of Simple Present
1 pages 56
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
say
are
sees
recognizes
hears
feels
2 pages 67
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
believe / say
says / teaches
dont/do not pay
use
has / teaches
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
seem
dont/do not; like
think
dont/do not have
make
7.
8.
9.
10.
give
teaches
lives
travel
Avoid Common Mistakes

1 page 7
2.
3.
4.
5.
b
c
b
b
6. a
7. a
8. b
2 page 8
For salespeople, physical appearance is important, but
there are other things that also go into making a good first
arrive
impression. For example, I always am arriving at meetings
know
on time. I am knowing my clients are busy people, and I
understand that their time is important. Also, I always call
them by name. I even keep names and information about
m/am adding
clients in a special file online. In fact, I add information to
that file this week.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
do you hear
it feels
I really want
I need
I dont think
In the past, I didnt pay much attention to body

learning
language. However, I am learn to be more conscious of
the ways I move and how to use my hands effectively. At
make
every meeting I am making eye contact especially when
I first greet a client and again when I leave. I practice my
6. s/is seeing
7. is thinking
8. thinks
Grammar and Beyond Workbook 3
greetings in front of the mirror every day. I try to remember

to smile. Of course, I also want to look good. I have nice
think
shoes, and I keep them clean and polished. I am thinking
my new haircut makes me look good, too.
Cambridge University Press 2012 Photocopiable 1
My sales numbers used to be a bit low, but they go up

know
now. I am try to do better. I am knowing that I can be
5. until
6. As soon as / Once / After
Number One in sales next year.
3 page 13
Self-Assessment pages 89
1. b
2. a
3. a
4. c
5. c
6. b
7. a
8. b
9. a
10. a
11. a
12. a
13. b
14. a
15. c
Unit 2 Simple Past

and Past Progressive; Used To, Would
Global Marketing
Simple Past vs. Past Progressive
1 page 10
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
was hiding / hid

left
saw
dropped
wanted
went
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
was planning / planned

was taking / took
said
offered
were selling
2 page 11
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
did
realized
placed
made; placed
used
began; were still getting
parked
were already counting; were putting
understood
3 page 11
Answers will vary.
Time Clauses with Simple Past

and Past Progressive
1 page 12
2. B
efore they hired a Brazilian marketing expert to
improve their image there, business was terrible.
3. Once the expert began talking with their marketing
department, business began to improve.
4. Everyone relaxed a little when sales increased.
5. The marketing expert continued to work with the
company until they learned how to adapt their
advertising to the local culture.
2 page 12
2. while
3. after
4. As soon as / Once / After
2.
3.
4.
5.
I
I
I
S
6.
7.
8.
9.
S
I
S
I
4 page 13
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
heard; called
were explaining; were thinking
was; saw
finished; needed
approved; gave
Used To and Would

1 page 14
2. a
3. b
4. e
5. c
2 page 14
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
used to support / would support / supported

used to pay / would pay / paid
used to wear / would wear / wore
didnt use to like / didnt like
used to try / tried
refused
told
would wear / wore
used to do / would do / did

1 page 15
2.
3.
4.
5.
c
a
b
b
6. b
7. c
8. a
2 page 16
ABC Creative Software used to design software for
the U.S. market only. They were doing very well and their
talk
was
business increasing every year. They would talking from
^
time to time about going global. Two years ago, the
decided
president of the company finally decides it was time to go
faced
global. During the first year, they face many problems and
market
were
global sales are not good. Because they used to marketing
their products to the United States only, they hired a
consultant who helped them design better marketing
was
strategies. Every week as the company developing, he
^
would offer workshops in which he taught appropriate
marketing strategies for different cultures. Soon sales

was
were rising and the business doing very well. Soon after
^
that, ABC Creative Software opened their first office in
were celebrating
India. When we called them recently, they celebrated this
opening with a big party.
4. b
5. a
6. b
7. b
8. a
9. b
10. c
11. b
12. b
13. c
14. a
15. a
Unit 3 Present Perfect

and Present Perfect Progressive
Success
Present Perfect
1 page 18
2. C
3. C
4. U
2. H
e has lived for 15 years in Cupertino, California. or He
has lived in Cupertino, California, for 15 years.
3. He has run for city council four times in the last several
years. or In the last several years, he had run for city
council four times.
4. So far, he hasnt/has not won any election in his town.
or He hasnt/has not won any election in his town
so far.
5. He has just decided to run for the school board.
6. Henry still hasnt/has not given up on his dream. or
Henry has still not given up on his dream.
7. He has never become discouraged.
2. for
3. for
4. for
5. since
6. since
2.
3.
4.
5.
finished
havent heard
moved
got
7.
8.
9.
10.
said
has; bought
gave
arrested
1 pages 2021
Possible answers:
2. How long has Oprah Winfrey been working in TV?; She
has been working in TV since the 1970s.
3. How long have Venus and Serena Williams been
playing tennis?; They have been playing it for more
than 20 years.
4. How long has Neil deGrasse Tyson been hosting the TV
show NOVA scienceNow?; He has been hosting it since
2006.
5. How long has Lang Lang been playing the piano?; He
has been playing it since he was three years old.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
hasnt decided
have been visiting
have seen
has spent / has been spending
has written
has asked / has been asking
have all made / have been making
have worked / have been working
have graduated
have had / have been having
3 page 22
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
has already invented

hasnt/has not come or hasnt/has not been coming
has had
has been running
has been
has been thinking
4 pages 2223
Present Perfect vs. Simple Past

1 page 19
escaped
have seen
have; stopped
havent/have not had
received
2 page 21
5. R
6. C
2 pages 1819
3 page 19
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Present Perfect vs.

Present Perfect Progressive

1. a
2. c
3. c
2 page 20
6. have; started
7. havent kept
8. s been / was
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
have been
have been living or have lived
ve/have loved
ve/have done or ve/have been doing
ve/have; taken or ve/have; been taking
has lived or has been living
ve come or ve been coming
has lived
has had
Unit 4 Past Perfect

and Past Perfect Progressive
Nature vs. Nurture

1 page 23
2.
3.
4.
5.
a
c
a
a
6. b
7. a
8. a
Past Perfect
1 pages 2627
2 page 24
Tom Wilson retired last year after a long, successful
career in business. Since he retired, he has remodeled the
painted
kitchen and has been painting the whole house. Now that
it is finished, it looks new again! Tom and his wife, Barbara,
been
have
has also taken a few golf lessons and have golfing once a
^
week at the local golf course. Tom has a lot of extra time
has
and energy and have begun to do some of the cooking and
cleaning. Barbara has had her own ways of doing things for
been
years, and she has trying to find a nice way to tell Tom that
^
he needs to find something else to keep him busy.
Fortunately, the other day Tom ran into another retired
has been
businessman from his company who told him that he is
doing volunteer work since last year at the Local Business
Association (LBA). He said he has been very happy and
busy ever since he started. He told Tom that for the last few
has been
months he is helping a Vietnamese couple with their new
called
business. Tom has already been calling the LBA twice today
had
to volunteer, too. He has been having to leave a message
both times, but when they call him back, hell set up a day
to begin. Now his retirement will be a real success!

1. a
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. a
6. c
7. a
8. b
9. a
10. a
11. b
12. b
13. c
14. c
15. c
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
hadnt forgotten
had just given
had been born
had become
d made
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
had grown up
had become
had committed
had switched
d never learned
2 page 27
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The mother had argued to keep the twins together

they had always done everything together
the twins hadnt/had not made any friends in class
the twins had been sick for four days
they had always gotten along well
the twins teachers had gone to the principal with
their concerns
8. the teachers had put them in the same class
Past Perfect with Time Clauses

1 page 28
2.
3.
4.
5.
After
before / by the time
When / As soon as
Until / Before
6. After / When
7. By the time / When
8. until / before
2 pages 2829
2. B
efore school started, they had played with Chippy
all summer.
3. After their parents had done some research
on imaginary friends, they decided to talk to a
psychologist.
4. Before their parents made an appointment with the
psychologist, they had read a lot about the topic.
5. When they talked to the psychologist, he had already
spent 30 minutes with the twins.
7. By the time they left the psychologists office, their
parents had learned that the twins were normal.
Past Perfect Progressive

1 page 29
2.
3.
4.
5.
had been talking

had been working
had been running
had been playing
6. had been paying

7. hadnt been paying
8. had been chewing
2 page 30
2.
3.
4.
5.
had had
had been paying / had paid
had won
had been working / had worked
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Unit 5 Be Going To, Present Progressive,

and Future Progressive
Looking Ahead at Technology
had been hosting

had been doing
had been sharing
had been planning / had planned
had been interviewing / had interviewed
had appeared
Be Going To, Present Progressive,

and Simple Present for Future
1 pages 3031
1 pages 3435
2 page 31
2 page 35
2.
3.
4.
5.
b
a
b
a
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. c
7. b
8. c
When Marys daughter was 10 years old, Mary told

had
her a story about when she has been a young girl herself.
had
She said that until she was about 10 years old, she has
always believed that she had a twin sister somewhere.
Her parents had laughed and had said that that was
had read / had been reading
because she read too many stories about twins. Mary told
had
her daughter that one day, she has discovered a box of
photos on the top shelf in a cupboard. She said it looked as
had
if it has been there a long time. The box contained an old
photo of two little girls who appeared to be about two years
old. Mary said she immediately thought that the photo was
a picture of her and her missing twin sister. She took it to
her mother, who began to cry. She told Mary that someone
taken
had been taking the photo of herself and her twin sister
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Were holding
Im going to have
Were having
is flying
3 page 35
Answers will vary.
Will and Be Going To

1 page 36
2. will get
3. is going to be
4. will invent
her mothers twin, not hers.
3 page 37
7. c
8. a
9. c
m going to watch / ll watch

ll check
ll let
Will; turn down
ll do
Answers will vary.

4. b
5. a
6. a
5. wont/will not happen

6. wont/will not fill out
2 page 37
was a missing twin, but now she knew it had been being
1. b
2. a
3. c
Theyre all staying

Im probably going to come
Im going to make sure
is setting up
m/am taking or m/am going to take or take

m/am teaching or m/am going to teach or teach
opens
is giving or is going to give
is speaking or is going to speak
is
starts
is attending or is going to attend
is going to go or is going
flies or is flying
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
40 years before, but then a short time later, her sister had
died
had
been dying in an accident. All along Mary has thought there
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. a
11. b
12. a
13. a
14. c
15. c
Future Progressive
1 page 38
Possible answers:
2. is going to be picking or will be picking
3. s/is going to be spending or ll/will be spending
4. is going to be meeting or will be meeting
5. s/is going to be staying or ll/will be staying
6. s/is going to be giving or ll/will be giving
7. s/is going to be recovering or ll/will be recovering
8. is going to be taking or will be taking
Unit 6 Future Time Clauses, Future

Perfect, and Future Perfect Progressive
Business Practices of the Future
2 pages 3839
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
is going to be traveling
s/is going to be talking
Are; going to be traveling
m/am going to be working
will; be doing
will be traveling
ll/will be talking
Will; be traveling
ll/will be working
Future Time Clauses

1 page 42

1 page 39
2.
3.
4.
5.
c
b
a
b
6. c
7. c
8. a
2 page 40
The April issue of the magazine Future Trends says
be wearing
that in the year 2030, people will wear disposable clothing
s/is
every day. If this prediction is correct, it going to have a big
re/are^
impact on our clothing business. We going to need to begin
^
researching and developing ideas for creating clothing that
people can wear once and then throw away.
Discussion of this topic starts tomorrow at our weekly
m traveling / ll be traveling
idea meeting in Conference Room A. Ill travel next week
in South Carolina to see our factories, and I am going to be
discussing the same topic with plant managers while I am
there.
is
There going to be a conference called The Future
^
m/am attending
of Fashion in October of this year. I will attend that
conference, and I hope to take at least one designer with
m/am
me. I going to ask all of you to vote at the beginning of
^
September for the designer you think deserves to go.
4. b
5. b
6. c
7. c
8. c
9. a
10. a
11. c
12. c
2 page 43
2.
3.
4.
5.
ve/have installed; are going to be

are going to send; has started
are going to wash; have finished
arent/are not going to happen; has begun
3 page 43
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
are going to take; remodel

will already be planning; comes
will be meeting; arrives
is going to be; is starting
will be interviewing; is planning
4 page 43
Answers will vary.
Future Perfect vs.

Future Perfect Progressive
1 page 44
2. will have become

3. will have decreased
4. will have started
5. will have become

6. will have hired
7. will have taken
2 page 44

1. b
2. b
3. b
2. O
nce the website is ready, she will post pictures of her
products.
3. She will not make more hats until her customers place /
have placed a lot of orders.
4. As soon as she receives / has received a large order of
hats, she will buy / is going to buy more materials.
5. She will mail / is going to mail hats to customers after
she finishes / has finished the hats.
6. She will not hire / is not going to hire employees and
an accountant until her business makes / has made a
profit.
7. Before the holiday season arrives, she will join / is going
to join an online networking site for entrepreneurs.
13. c
14. b
15. b
2. B
y March, the director will have been working at the
company for 25 years.
3. By August, the sales reps will have been telecommuting
for 5 years.
4. By October, the employees will have been using software
to set up meetings for 3 years.
3 page 45
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
will have been designing

will have been creating
will have baked
will have moved
will have studied / will have been studying
1 pages 4546
a
b
b
a
Ana Ray will start a new child-care center after

gets
gets
she will get a child-care license. Once she will get the
will
license, she will remodel her home. By next fall, she have
^
turned the first floor into a child-care center. By then, her
will have
family moved to the second floor. By the time the center
^opens
working
will have opened, Ana will have been worked with children
for 10 years. She will be working by herself when she
open
first will open her business, but she may expand. By this
will have
time next year, she has decided whether an expansion is
will
possible. She have made many contacts by then, so she will
^
be able to find many customers.

4. a
5. b
6. a
Answers will vary.
1 pages 5051
6. b
7. b
8. a
2 page 46
1. b
2. a
3. a
3 page 50
Modals and Modal-like Expressions

of Permission, Necessity, and Obligation

2.
3.
4.
5.
5. should / ought to
6. had better not / shouldnt
7. should / ought to
7. c
8. c
9. c
10. b
11. c
12. c
13. b
14. b
15. a
Unit 7 Social Modals

Learning How to Remember
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
must
has to
dont have to
are required to
were supposed to
were not supposed to
will have to
are required to
2 A page 51
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
You can / may talk to the teacher.

You can / may ask the teacher for help with directions.
You cant / may not use your notes.
You can / may use a dictionary.
You cant / may not have your textbooks open.
B page 52
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Could you use

were allowed to ask
werent/were not allowed to bring
couldnt/could not open
werent/were not allowed to talk

of Ability
1 page 53
Photographic memory occurs when a person
is able to remember
is able remember a large amount of information accurately.
can have
Experts disagree on whether or not a person can to have

of Advice and Regret
a photographic memory. Some experts say it is extremely

are able to remember
rare. They say that some children are able to remembering
arent/are not able to do
a lot of information. However, as adults, they not able to do
1 pages 4849
this. Other experts say that photographic memory does
2. should
3. d better not
4. might not
5. should not
6. d better
7. should not
2 page 49
Possible answers:
2. might / could
3. might / could
4. should / ought to / had better
not exist.
Many people think that a photographic memory would
be wonderful. Some researchers say this is not true. When
are able to store
people have photographic memory, they are able store
a great deal of information, like a computer database.
However, they might remember a lot of information that
is not necessary for everyday life. Researchers say that

can use
memory is only important when people can used it in
cat a little bit longer. The cat remembered the block was
their everyday lives. If people remember everything they

wont/will not be able to organize
see, read, and hear, they will be not able to organize the
tripped over the block. Anne was surprised. She thought

have
the cat should remembered the block.
^
Anne concluded that cats have memories of about
did not have to turn in
10 minutes. She must not have turned in her results right
information in a useful way and recall it quickly when

they need it. Also, sometimes people with photographic
cant/cannot forget
memory can forget not things they dont want to
remember.
Some experts say that photographic memory is not
something people are born with. They believe that people
can remember
who can to remember large amounts of information have
can do
to work hard so that they can to do this.
2 page 54
2. H
owever, they are able to memorize his pieces by
practicing a lot.
3. His editor couldnt/could not understand how
Shereshevsky was able to remember everything he
heard.
4. The journalist was able to remember a long list of
numbers.
5. However, most students arent/are not able to
remember information without studying.
3 page 54
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
could have learned

could have gotten
couldnt have given
couldnt have read
couldnt have passed

1 page 55
2.
3.
4.
5.
a
c
b
b
6. c
7. b
8. a
2 page 56
was
Anne Park supposed to create an experiment to test the
^
memories of cats. She developed the following test. She put
was
a block between a cat and a treat. The cat allowed to get the
^
treat, but the block was in the way. The first time the cat
tried to get the treat, it tripped over the block. The second
time, it remembered the block was there and stepped over
it. Anne then played with the cat in another room and then
repeated the experiment. Each time she played with the
there for up to 10 minutes. After 10 minutes of play, the cat
away, so she decided to test her theory with more cats.

She borrowed 10 cats from a shelter and repeated the
was
experiment. She allowed to keep the cats for several days.
^
The results were the same. Annes boss thought the results
were successful, but she had some criticisms. She thought
have
that Anne should tested even more cats for her experiment.
^
have
She also thought Annes notes should included more
^
details.
was
Anne supposed to return the cats to the shelter. She
did not^have to find
must not have found homes for the cats, but she wanted to.

1. a
2. b
3. a
4. a
5. c
6. b
7. b
8. a
9. c
10. c
11. a
12. a
13. c
14. b
15. c
Unit 8 Modals of Probability:

Present, Future, and Past
Computers and Crime
Modals of Present Probability
1 page 58
2. may not
3. might not
4. should
5. couldnt
6. has to
7. might
2 page 59
2.
3.
4.
5.
might / could / may

couldnt / cant
must / has to
cant / couldnt
6.
7.
8.
9.
may / might / could

should / ought to
must / has to
have to / must
Modals of Future Probability

1 A page 60
Possible answers:
2. will pay
3. wont/will not spend
4. wont/will not finish
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
should get or might get or will get

will take
might not be
might know or should know
will be or should be
wont/will not take
should finish
B page 61
Possible answers:
2. Nicole will be taking classes in the summer.
3. Nicole may / might / could be taking a class in the fall.
4. Nicole should / ought to / may / might / could be
graduating in January.
5. Nicole may / might / could be getting a promotion
in January.
6. Nicole wont be looking for a new job in January.
2 page 61
Answers will vary.
Modals of Past Probability

1 page 62
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. a
6. b
2 pages 6263
Possible answers:
2. Silvia must/could/might have been a black hat hacker.
She must/could/might have stolen someones credit
card.
3. Debbie must/could/might have been a white hat
hacker. She must/could/might have broken into a
computer system legally. She must/could/might have
tested the companys security system.
4. Claire must/could/might have been a hobby hacker.
She must/could/might have hacked into the program
for fun. She must/could/might have had enough
money to pay for the programs.
5. Carl must/could/might have been a phreaker.
He must/could/might have hacked into the phone
companys computer system.

1 pages 6364
2.
3.
4.
5.
b
b
a
c
6. a
7. c
8. c
2 page 64
Possible answers:
be
Erin might getting a job as a white hat hacker for a large
^
be
computer company. She may working with one or two
^
other people to test the system. The hackers will try to
find weaknesses in the system. Erin thinks that she

may
must enjoy this type of work if she gets the job. She
be
might starting the job in the next few weeks.
^
be
If Erin does get the job, she wont fixing the problems.
^
will
Instead, she must be preparing a report to the company.
Someone else will fix the problems because Erin doesnt
have the experience to do that. She is upset that she cannot
fix problems as well because she would make more money.
not
Unfortunately, she could have not gotten a degree in
^
software development because her college didnt offer
software development classes. Instead, she studied
computer security systems.
not
Erin might have not gotten other jobs she applied for,
^
but thats OK. Shes really hopeful about her chances for
will
this job. If she gets the job and does well, maybe she must
go back to school once shes making more money.

1. a
2. c
3. a
4. a
5. c
6. b
7. b
8. c
9. a
10. b
11. a
12. c
13. b
14. b
15. c
Unit 9 Nouns and Modifying Nouns

Attitudes Toward Nutrition
Nouns
1 page 66
2. S ome experts say its healthy to get an hour of exercise

daily.
3. Some people need to drink six classes of water
every day.
4. That diet is too extreme.
5. You should eat three meals a day.
6. Its OK to have a snack during the day.
7. A child needs to have a diet with enough calcium to
build bones.
8. It is healthy to add some strawberries to your cereal.
2 pages 6667
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
onions
water
salt
soup
diet
weight
loss
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
nutrition
vegetables
health
advice
information
exercise
3 page 67
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
You can have chicken. You cant/cannot have beef.

You can have fish. You cant/cannot have pasta.
You can have nuts. You cant/cannot have cookies.
You can have bread. You cant/cannot have donuts.
You can have vegetables. You cant/cannot have fruit.
You can have yogurt. You cant/cannot have eggs.
You can have tea. You cant/cannot have coffee.
4 page 68
Possible answers:
2. The rich dont always have a better diet. or The rich
always have a better diet.
3. The educated know what kinds of food are healthy. or
The educated dont know what kinds of food are healthy.
4. It can be hard for the poor to have healthy eating habits.
or It is not hard for the poor to have healthy eating
habits.
5. The sick should exercise regularly. or The sick shouldnt
exercise regularly.
Noncount Nouns as Count Nouns

1 page 68
2.
3.
4.
5.
cheese; cheeses
meat; meats
fruits; fruit
tea; teas
6. soups; soup
7. food; foods
8. juice; juices
2 page 69
2.
3.
4.
5.
two cups of
three cups of
a pound of
five teaspoons of
3 page 69
2.
3.
4.
5.
two cups of; corn

A piece of; watermelon
A glass of; milk
a pinch of; salt
8. great French coffee

9. fun new exercise
10. delicious strawberry

1 page 71
2.
3.
4.
5.
b
a
a
c
6. b
7. a
8. c
2 page 72
meals
All meal are important, but breakfast is the most
important meal of the day. Its sometimes hard to get
children to eat breakfast. Here is a recipe that children
five-year-old
love, and even a five-years-old child can make it! Put food
coloring
three-ounce
colorings into a three-ounces glass of milk. Use your childs
bread
favorite color. Then give your child two slices of breads.
Let your child paint a face on each slice with a clean
paintbrush and the colored milk. Put the bread into the
children
toaster. Remove it and add some butter. Most child love the
fun faces!
6. a bit of
7. eight glasses of
8. an hour of
6. A few drops of; oil

7. Two quarts of; water
8. a game of; basketball
Modifying Nouns
are
Many recipes of this kind is on the KidsEat website.
KidsEat is an organization that helps children eat better.
are
The people at the organization is dedicated to improving
recipes
childrens eating habits. The recipe are easy to follow and
delicious!

1. b
2. b
3. c
4. c
5. b
6. c
7. a
8. c
9. b
10. b
11. c
12. c
13. b
14. c
15. c
1 page 70
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
It has an enormous rectangular swimming pool.

It has great modern exercise equipment.
There are big round metal weights.
The gym offers popular yoga classes.
The gym has a wonderful new European caf.
The caf serves delicious large bowls of fruit.
There are also healthy Japanese teas in the caf.
2 pages 7071
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
new cotton
blue and white or white and blue
great black
red and yellow or yellow and red
ugly green and purple or ugly purple and green
lovely antique ceramic
Unit 10 Articles and Quantifiers

Color
Indefinite Article, Definite Article,
and No Article
1 page 74
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
the
a
a
a
the
7.
8.
9.
10.
a
The
a
The
2 page 74
Putting unusual colors together is also going to be a
2. the;
3.
4. ; the
5.
6.
3 page 75
2.
3.
4.
5.
A; the
an
; The
6.
7.
8.
9.
trend in fashion for example, wearing red, orange, and

purple together. These colors usually dont go together.
a lot
Mr. Wilson has been successful at picking alot of color
an
trends in the past. Anna Ramirez, who is interior designer,
^
always considers Phils advice. She says, Last year, he said
a;
the
the
a
that purple would be popular, and over 50 percent of my
Quantifiers
clients wanted purple in their homes. This year, Im going

a lot
to be ready to use earthy colors and alot of orange!
1 page 75
2.
3.
4.
5.
A lot of
None of
Quite a few; not many
A lot of; no
2 page 76
2. little
3. a few
4. Few
5. A few
6. a little
7. few
3 page 76
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
6. Some; a few
7. Many; not a lot of
8. A few of; none of
a little of
Not many of
some of
Not much of
a lot of
a few of
quite a few of
10.
11.
12.
13.
15.
16.
17.
2.
3.
4.
5.
c
a
c
c
1. b
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. b
6. c
7. a
8. b
9. a
10. c
11. b
12. a
13. b
14. a
15. c
Unit 11 Pronouns
Unusual Work Environments
many of
Some of
a few of
Many of
no of
All of
a great deal of

1 page 77
6. a
7. b
8. a
2 page 78
a
Phil Wilson is color forecaster. He looks at what colors
^ many
will be popular in much areas like fashion and interior
design. Look at the colors he says will become popular.
Orange is going to be very popular this year in clothing
and in the home.
Many
Much earthy colors, like shades of brown, green, and
blue, will be popular in home decorating. However,
these earthy colors arent going to be popular in fashion.
many
Wearing much colors at the same time will be
a lot
fashionable. Wearing alot of colors together is going to
Reflexive Pronouns
1 page 80
Subject
Pronoun
1. I
Object
Reflexive
Pronoun Pronoun
me
myself
2. you (singular) you
yourself
3. he
him
himself
4. she
her
herself
5. it
it
itself
6. we
us
ourselves
7. you (plural)
you
yourselves
8. they
them
themselves
2 pages 8081
2.
3.
4.
5.
himself
yourself
themselves
herself
3 page 81
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
itself
they
them
themselves
themselves
6. yourselves
7. itself
8. ourselves
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
himself
themselves
them
him
yourself
be really popular with teenagers.

4 page 82
2.
3.
4.
5.
yourselves
by herself
himself
by themselves
6.
7.
8.
9.
yourself/yourselves
himself
myself
yourselves/yourself
2 page 86
2.
3.
4.
5.
anywhere; Answers will vary.

everyone/everybody; Answers will vary.
anything; Answers will vary.
nothing; Answers will vary.
Pronouns with Other/Another
1 page 83
1 page 87
2. Another is
3. Others are
4. The others are
5. The others are

6. Others are
2 page 83
2.
3.
4.
5.
At Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, employees can go

take a class at the onsite meditation center. There, they
themselves
can give theirselves some time to relax, and then go
back to work.
At Chesapeake Energy Corp., employees can take
scuba-diving classes. Some employees work toward
Others
a scuba-diving certification. Other just take the classes
for fun.
At Trupanion, a pet health insurance company,
receives
everybody receive free pet insurance for their cat or dog.
Indefinite Pronouns
1 A page 85
Places
Things
anything
anybody
nobody
anywhere
anyone
no one
everywhere everything
everybody somebody nowhere

everyone
someone
nothing
somewhere something
B pages 8586
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
6. c
7. c
8. c
Many companies have unusual work environments, but

others
some are more unusual than other.
each other / one another

the other
another
each other / one another / others
another
another
The other
another
the other
People
b
b
c
a
2 page 88
others
each other
others
others
3 page 84
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Anybody / Anyone
anywhere / everywhere
Anybody / Anyone
something
somewhere
Everybody / Everyone
anything / everything
everybody / everyone
nobody / no one
nowhere
anywhere
A
number of companies offer a great benefit: everyone
gets
get a free lunch. FactSet Research is one company that
others
does this, and other include Google, Facebook, and
Netflix.
Camden Property Trust gives a discount to employees
who live in the buildings the company owns. Anyone
pays
from the company pay 20 percent less in rent.
Microsoft gives employees free grocery delivery. It also
gives
matches donations that anyone give to a charity. The
himself
founder of the company hisself gives a lot of money to
charity.

1. b
2. a
3. a
4. c
5. b
6. a
7. c
8. c
9. b
10. a
11. b
12. c
13. b
14. c
15. a
Unit 12 Gerunds
Getting an Education
Gerunds as Subjects and Objects
1 page 90
Getting an education is important to many young

people in the United States. In fact, young people must get
an education. Starting school at age five, or even younger
if they go to preschool, is normal for most students. It
depends on the state, but most students dont finish
studying until they are 17 or 18. Students go to elementary
school, middle school (sometimes called junior high
school), and then high school.
Many high schools are offering classes that prepare
students for college for example, advanced English, math,
and science classes. These classes are called college prep
classes. However, not attending college is an option. Some
students enjoy getting a job right out of school. Taking
vocational courses, such as car repair or computer skills, is
an option for high school students who are not planning to
go to college.
2 page 90
2.
3.
4.
5.
working
moving
Planning
becoming
6. becoming
7. Paying
8. helping
3 page 91
Answers will vary.
Gerunds After Prepositions

and Fixed Expressions
1 page 91
2. of having
3. for learning
4. on using
5. in applying
6. at educating
7. about trying
2 pages 9293
2.
3.
4.
5.
He needs to learn about getting financial aid.

He complains about doing searches on the Internet.
Hes/He is used to doing everything by himself.
He thinks Ivan should concentrate on getting money
for school.
6. He admits to thinking about too many things at the
same time.
7. He insists on helping Ivan.
8. Hell/He will take care of signing up for a computer.
3 page 93
Answers will vary.
Gerunds After Nouns + of

1 page 93
2. She understands the importance of going to college.

3. She thinks the cost of attending college is expensive.
4. She is trying to figure out the best way of paying for
college.
5. Shes not sure about the benefit of taking out a student
loan.
6. She is excited about the possibility of getting a grant.
2 page 94
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
way of spending
risk of not having
advantage of borrowing
disadvantage of getting
fear of paying

1 pages 9495
2.
3.
4.
5.
a
a
c
c
6. a
7. c
8. c
2 page 95
spending
After spend two years at a community college, Pam
decided that she did not want to transfer to the four-year
becoming
university in her city. She thought about become a dog
being
trainer instead. She had dreamed of be a dog trainer since
she was very young. She asked a friend for advice. Her
friend suggested volunteering at the Humane Society.
Trying
Try to get a job at a pet store to gain experience was
another idea. Her friend also suggested reading books and
articles about dog training. After talking to her friend, Pam
Checking
spent time online searching for information. Check out
was
websites were another good suggestion from her friend.
Interviewing
Interview veterinarians in the community also seemed
Becoming
like a good idea. Become a dog trainer began to look more
difficult than she had realized. She decided to transfer to
the university to study animal science and volunteer at the
Humane Society in her spare time. Concentrating on her
is
studies are making her happy these days. Studying animal
is
science are the best decision shes ever made!
Infinitives After Adjectives and Nouns

1. c
2. a
3. b
4. a
5. c
6. a
7. c
8. b
9. a
10. a
11. c
12. b
13. b
14. c
15. c
1 page 102
Infinitives with Verbs
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1 page 98
2 page 103
Unit 13 Infinitives
Innovative Marketing Techniques
2.
3.
4.
5.
to work
to teach
to become
to be
6. not to have
7. to increase
8. not to waste
2 page 99
2.
3.
4.
5.
to paint
to put / him to put
to create
to leave
6. to advertise
7. to take
8. Jim to paint
3 page 99
2. M
s. Linden told him to spend more money on
advertising.
3. She urged him to use creative advertising methods.
4. He asked her to give him some ideas.
5. Marcelo chose to put ads in teen magazines.
6. The advertisements persuaded young consumers to
buy Marcelos clothing.
Infinitives vs. Gerunds

1 A page 100
2. Nicole hates calling friends on her cell phone.

3. Nicole likes to check e-mail on her cell phone.
4. Nicole doesnt/does not like using the Internet on
her cell phone.
5. Nicole prefers to take pictures with a camera.
6. Nicole prefers checking e-mail on her phone.
7. Nicole began to use their phone service last year.
8. Nicole will continue using their phone service.
B page 101
Answers will vary.
2 page 101
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
to put
to bring
leaving
not having
to discuss
7.
8.
9.
10.
to get
discussing
pretending
to tell
2.
3.
4.
5.
isnt/is not difficult to post

will be amazed to discover or will be surprised to find
are ready to hear or are likely to buy
Do not be afraid to give away
will be surprised to find or will be amazed to discover
are likely to buy
isnt/is not necessary to shock
is easy to do
are lucky to become
way to get; Answers will vary.
chance to sell; Answers will vary.
ability to change; Answers will vary.
time to buy; Answers will vary.

1 pages 103104
2.
3.
4.
5.
b
a
c
a
6. a
7. c
8. b
2 page 104
False advertising is giving untrue information about a
product. Some stores use false advertising because they
to
want that you come inside. Here are some common forms
^
of false advertising that stores use to persuade you to
buy
buying their products:
Some companies use pictures that make their products
look better than they are. Maybe you see a picture of a
great computer online. When you get to the store, the
computer looks very different. The salespeople then
offer you another, more expensive, computer.
Some stores advertise great sales. You look forward to
buying
buy the product you see, but when you get to the store,
to
the item you want for buy is gone. Once youre in the
not
store, salespeople urge you to not leave without buying
^
something.
Some advertisements or salespeople say a product can
to
do something that it cant do. They convince that you get
^
it, and then youre disappointed when you get home.
Be careful of false advertising when you shop. We dont
to
want that you be disappointed.
^

1. b
2. b
3. c
4. c
5. a
6. b
7. a
8. b
9. b
10. a
11. a
12. b
4 A page 110
13. a
14. a
15. b
Unit 14 Negative Questions

and Tag Questions
Geographic Mobility
Negative Questions
1 page 106
2. didnt; move
3. Didnt; change
4. arent
5. Dont; stay
6. Dont; include
2 page 107
2. D
ont you have a degree in economics?; No; Education
3. Dont you work at Dyett High School now?; no; Dylan
High School
4. Havent you lived / been living in Chicago since 2006?;
No; 2008
5. Didnt you move to Mexico City?; Yes; 2006
6. Dont you speak Spanish and Portuguese?; Spanish and
French
2.
3.
4.
5.
Yes, it is
No, they didnt
Yes, they did
Yes, it is
B page 110
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
U
A
A
5 page 110
Answers will vary.

1 page 111
2.
3.
4.
5.
c
c
c
a
6. a
7. b
8. b
2 page 112
dont you
Q: You travel from place to place in Kenya, doesnt he?
Yes, I do
A: No. I travel a lot. I move from place to place with other
Tag Questions
doctors and nurses.

Arent you
Q: You no working mostly in small towns?
1 page 108
A:Yes, I am. There arent many hospitals there. We have a
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
arent they
cant it
is it
dont they
arent they
7.
8.
9.
10.
has he
has there
will they
would you
2 pages 108109
2. m
oved; didnt they; Yes, they did. or didnt move; did
they; Yes, they did.
3. is painting; isnt he; No, he isnt. Hes painting houses. or
isnt painting; is he; No, he isnt. Hes painting houses.
4. moved; didnt she; No, she didnt. She moved to London.
or didnt move; did she; No, she didnt. She moved to
London.
5. bought; didnt they; No, they didnt. They bought a
restaurant. or didnt buy; did they; No, they didnt. They
bought a restaurant.
6. is living; isnt she; Yes, she is. or isnt living; is she; Yes,
she is.
3 page 109
2.
3.
4.
5.
a
b
a
a
small hospital in a van.
dont you
Q: You drive the van from place to place, no?
A:Well, I dont drive it myself. Someone else drives it. We
usually stay in a place for a few weeks. Then we go to
another town.
it
Q: This medical program helps a lot of people, doesnt she?
A:Yes, it does. We give health care to many people in small
towns.
Dont you
Q: You no get tired of moving around so much?
No, I dont
A: Yes. I never get tired. I love it.
Q:New doctors will be coming to your program next
wont they
week, no?
A: Yes, they will. Im going to be training six new doctors.
arent you
Q: Then youre going home, isnt it?
A:No, Im not. Actually, Im going to Ethiopia to set up a
mobile clinic there.

1. c
2. a
3. c
4. a
5. b
6. c
7. b
8. c
9. a
10. c
11. a
12. c
13. b
14. a
15. a
Unit 15 That Clauses

Cultural Values
That Clauses
1 page 114
Many jobs have different values associated with them. Here

are just a few:

Doctors:Doctors value each patients life. They even

that
take an oath. The oath says doctors must
^
treat sick people to the best of their ability.
Doctors also promise to keep a patients
information private.
Lawyers:Privacy is also important in law. Lawyers

that
know they cannot share a clients information
^
with others if the client doesnt want them to.
Lawyers also value fairness.
that
Teachers:Teachers value learning. They believe all
^
students can learn.
Dentists:Dentists value good dental care. They
that
know their patients will have healthier teeth
^
if they brush and floss them every day and
see a dentist regularly.
Librarians:Librarians value reading. They also
that
think people should be quiet in libraries
^
to let other people concentrate on what
they are reading.
Journalists:Journalists care about the truth. They
that
learn they must be correct and fair when
^
reporting.
2 page 115
2. P
aul assumes Brazilians dont usually mind being late
for parties with close friends.
3. Mr. Ito has read that Germans usually like to be on time.
4. Melissa feels Americans are sometimes too worried
about time.
5. M
s. Piper has noticed that Canadians usually start
meetings on time.
6. Carolina has realized sometimes its not important to be
on time in Italy.
7. Dr. Robins understands that Chinese people often plan
things years in advance.
8. Ben guesses people arent often late for parties in Japan.
3 page 116
Answers will vary.
Agreement Between That Clauses

and Main Clauses
1 page 116
2. R
esearch shows that most people respect their parents.
3. Most parents imagine that their children will always /
are always going to respect them.
4. Most children learn that grandparents deserve respect.
5. Some historians feel that people showed others more
respect in the past.
6. Some teachers think that children were more respectful
in the past.
7. Some teachers hope that students will / are going to
listen better in the future.
8. Experts realize that trends will / are going to change
over time.
2 page 117
2.
3.
4.
5.
stand
had been standing
like
were
6. would see
7. didnt stand
8. are
That Clauses After Adjectives and Nouns

1 page 118
Different cultures have different views on learning

languages. What do you think about learning languages?

JL22:People in the United States often know only
one language, but its clear that people in
Europe usually learn more than one language.
KyleK:Its understandable that Europeans know many
languages. The countries are close together,
and they need to communicate with each
other.
DougT:Its unfortunate that people in the United
States dont speak more languages. Its my view
that there are many benefits to being bilingual!
Mary96:It is evident that bilingual people have
advantages. Its understandable that bilingual
people get better jobs.
Sandra:The problem is that not many schools in the
United States offer enough foreign language
classes.
George06:I disagree. My impression is that schools offer
classes, but its very challenging to find places
to speak other languages outside of class.
JavierR:Im certain that people in my country value

language learning. Almost everyone learns
Spanish and English in school.
L1990:My hope is that everyone will speak both
Spanish and English in the next 20 years.
Mei92:My concern is that people will still only be
bilingual. Its fortunate that we speak three
languages in my family.
Isabel:In some places theres a belief that learning
only one language is the best. I guess the point
is that a lot of us disagree!
that almost one-third of the people in

Toronto speak a foreign language at home.
Over half of the people living in Toronto
were not born in Canada.
Los Angeles:Los Angeles is another diverse city.
Research shows, that almost half of
the population is Latino, 14 percent is
Asian, and 9 percent is African American.
2 page 119
2. I t is clear that different cultural values should be

respected.
3. The problem is that something considered positive by
one culture might be considered negative by another. or
It is a problem that something considered positive by
one culture might be considered negative by another.
4. It is interesting that the Internet might help reduce
these problems by making people more aware of other
cultures.
5. The hope is that people will learn more about cultural
values in other countries.
6. It is likely that there will be fewer conflicts because of
different cultural values in the future.
L.A. is diverse in other ways, too. Experts

Los Angeles / the city / it
say that is the creative capital of the world.
^
London:One website says that, almost every
culture in the world can be found in

London. The large number of cultures is
reflected in the restaurants, in which you
can find a variety of food from around the
world.
Dubai:Dubai is quickly becoming a diverse city.
Dubai / the city / it
It is surprising that was not diverse in the
^
past. Many people from around the world
3 page 119
Answers will vary.
have moved there for work, making it a

global city today.
1 page 120
2.
3.
4.
5.
c
a
b
c
6. c
7. c
8. b

1. b
2. c
3. b
2 page 121
There are many places in the world that are culturally
that
diverse. It is interesting people with different cultural
^
values can often get along well in these places. Here are
some of the most diverse cities in the world.
has
New York City:It is clear that New York City always been
^
culturally diverse. People speak around
800 languages in the city. Immigrants have
come to New York City from all over the
world, and experts are certain that the

is going to / will
trend continue in the future.
^
Toronto:Toronto is Canadas most diverse city. It is
true, that French and English are official
languages in Canada, but research shows
4. a
5. b
6. c
7. a
8. a
9. b
10. b
11. c
12. a
13. a
14. c
15. a
Unit 16 Noun Clauses

with Wh- Words and If/Whether
Inventions They Said Would Never Work
Noun Clauses with Wh- Words
1 page 124
2.
3.
4.
5.
where
how many; who
when; how/why
why
2 page 125
2.
3.
4.
5.
what to expect
where the item comes
when/where you want
what you see
6. how many
7. which/what
8. what
6.
7.
8.
9.
what you get

how to look
how/where to find
What people say
3 page 125
2. Th
ey still dont know when the algae fuel can be used
in cars.
3. Many people care about what happens with the
research.
4. The results of the project may affect how we power our
cars in the future.
5. Im not sure what will happen with this new technology.
6. However, I can understand why so many people are
interested in it.

1 pages 129130
2.
3.
4.
5.
c
b
a
a
6. a
7. c
8. b
2 page 130
Its time again for the Inventors Fair. Thank you for
Noun Clauses with If/Whether
being a judge. Please keep these things in mind when you
1 page 126
judge the projects.
2. t he name was from the servant who prepared it or from

the man who ate it
3. it happened in the 17th or 18th century
4. the earl liked his sandwich
5. Sandwich is the name of a place
6. the place is in England or North America
7. the sandwich became popular right away
2 page 127
3. X
4. Some people couldnt figure out if Einsteins invention
was practical or not.
5. Id like to find out if todays version is practical.
6. X
7. I dont know if todays version will have financial
success or not.
3 pages 127128
2. I dont care whether the Ring Phone or the Scooter

Shoes will make more money.
3. Theyre trying to decide if the Ring Phone or the Scooter
Shoes will get first prize.
4. I dont remember whether my cousin invented the Ring
Phone or the Scooter Shoes.
5. I m trying to find out if the Ring Phone or the Scooter
Shoes will get a patent first.
6. I cant figure out whether the Ring Phone or the Scooter
Shoes will be more practical.
Noun Clauses in Direct

and Indirect Questions
1 page 128
2. I was wondering who invented hair that comes in a can.

3. Can you explain how the product works?
4. I d like to know why someone would want to put colored
powder on his or her head.
5. I want to find out if anyone buys this product.
6. Can anyone tell me whether the product really looks
like hair?
is
It doesnt matter what age is the inventor . Anyone
^
can win.
is
If you dont know what is the invention , read the
^
description.
whether
Test the invention to see either it works or not.
As you test each invention, ask yourself these questions

to help you pick a winner.
Can anyone figure out how the invention works?
whether
Can you tell wether or not the invention would be useful
in daily life? Whom would it help?
whether
Do you know wether the invention is unique or not?
Does it already exist?
whether
It shouldnt matter either or not you like it. Judge the
invention on if it is a good idea or not. How useful is it
to people?
whether
The inventors read your comments either theyre good
or bad. If you dont like the invention, please write your
comments politely.

1. b
2. a
3. c
4. a
5. c
6. b
7. b
8. c
9. a
10. b
11. a
12. a
13. c
14. b
15. a
2 page 129
Answers will vary.
Unit 17 Direct Speech

and Indirect Speech
Human Motivation
2 pages 135136
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech Without Tense Shift
1 page 132
1 pages 136137
2.
3.
4.
5.
said
said
said
asked
6.
7.
8.
9.
said
said
asked
said
2 page 133
2. Breakfast motivates me to get up, Jing said, and I

always look forward to a cup of coffee. or Breakfast
motivates me to get up, said Jing, and I always look
forward to a cup of coffee.
3. Dana said, Nothing motivates me to get out of bed!
4. What about you? asked Kyle or What about you?
Kyle asked.
5. The sunrise motivates me, Ian said or The sunrise
motivates me, said Ian.
8. Kyle said, Its interesting that everyones answer was
different.
9. Jing asked (Kyle), What about you? What motivates
you to get out of bed?
10. The Internet! Kyle said or The Internet! said Kyle.
3 page 134
2. a
3. b
4. b
5. c
6. c
2. D
iego said (that) there are many ways to remain
motivated during difficult times at work.
3. Joe said (that) avoids distraction by not checking his
e-mail all day.
4. Tong said (that) checking e-mail wastes a lot of time.
5. Brian said (that) he doesnt check e-mail very often
at work.
6. Adam said (that) he broke his work down into small
parts.
7. Erin said (that) calendars really help her stay on
schedule.
2 page 137
Answers will vary.
Other Reporting Verbs

1 page 138
2. confessed
3. told
4. explained
2. C
arol said, Exercising during lunch helps me stay
motivated at work. or Exercising during lunch helps
me stay motivated at work, Carol said
3. My deadlines keep me motivated at work, said Erica.
4. Im a waiter, said Josh, so Im motivated by tips. or
Im a waiter, so Im motivated by tips, said Josh.
5. Rafael said, My manager motivates me to work hard.
or My manager motivates me to work hard, Rafael
said.
6. I dont need external motivation, said Alison,
because Im naturally motivated. or I dont need
external motivation because Im naturally motivated,
said Alison.
7. My job motivates me to get up in the morning, said
Chris.
8. Max asked, Is it difficult to find motivation at your
job? or Is it difficult to find motivation at your job?
Max asked.
2 page 138
Indirect Speech
2 page 140

1 page 139
2.
3.
4.
5.
c
a
a
c
6. b
7. c
8. b
Music can be very motivational. Dr. Olivia Halston said,

^
2. s aid (that) the students had learned about the

19th century
3. said (that) history was an interesting subject
4. said (that) the teacher was talking about inspiring
leaders on Tuesday
5. said (that) the class was going to a history museum
2. t o Beatriz that listening to music is/was a good way to

stay motivated.
3. Ji Ah that the gym will/would be closed on Sunday
4. to Cory that it / his exercise plan / the exercise plan
wasnt going well at all
5. Amanda that the results would be worth it
6. Anne that Jill lost / had lost ten pounds last month
7. to Claire that yoga will/would help with fitness
1 pages 134135
5. swore
6. convinced
Music can make difficult jobs seem easier. She explained

had
to
us that music affects the brain. She said that she have
^
discovered that music makes the brain happy. We wanted
to know how music motivates our readers, so we did an
online survey to ask about their music habits over a
listened
one-month period. Many readers said that they listen to
music for motivation when they exercised during that time.
^
For example, Lien, a 22-year-old nurse, said, I listen to
to
music on my headphones when I exercise. She reported us
^
that it made her workout go faster. Other readers admitted
to
us that they listened to music when they did housework.
^
would
Jack, a student, said that next Saturday he will probably
^
play music by the Rolling Stones when he cleaned the

^
house. It wont make cleaning fun, he said, but it will

^
make it better.

1. c
2. c
3. a
4. b
5. b
6. a
7. b
8. a
9. a
10. c
11. b
12. a
13. c
14. c
15. b
Unit 18 Indirect Questions; Indirect

Imperatives, Requests, and Advice
Creative Problem Solving
Indirect Questions
1 pages 142143
2. T
3. F; Marta asked if they could start selling their products
online.
4. F; Bin asked when they would be able to start selling
items online.
5. T
6. T
7. F; Ms. Ortega asked who could create a page for them.
8. T
9. F; Ms. Ortega asked Bin if he had Eds contact
information.
2 pages 143144
2. Jack asked Fen if she was unhappy at work.

3. Fen asked him if she had to work until 6:00 p.m.
4. Jack asked Fen if she had a problem with her work
schedule.
5. Fen asked Jack if she could leave early to pick up
her children.
6. Jack asked Fen if she had a problem with her babysitter.
7. Fen asked Jack if she would be allowed to work from
home tomorrow.
3 page 144
3.
4.
5.
6.
Jill asked Dan if he had reported the problem yet

Dan asked Jill where he could report the problem
Jill asked if he had talked to the IT department
Then Jill asked if he wanted her to go with him
7. he asked Jill who the manager of the department was

8. Jill asked if he knew Andre
9. asked if she wanted to get some lunch
Indirect Imperatives, Requests,

and Advice
1 page 145
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
said to listen to music

said to brainstorm ideas
said not to watch TV
said to read as much as possible
said not to sit at a desk all day
said to meditate for 20 minutes every day
said to exercise at least four times every week
said to talk to friends and colleagues
2 page 146
2. D
r. Taylor told him not to drink soda or coffee after
11:00 a.m.
3. Dr. Taylor told them to write down their problems
before discussing them.
4. Dr. Taylor told him to stop using his phone.
5. Dr. Taylor told us not to worry about small problems.
6. Dr. Taylor asked to meet on Thursday instead.
7. Dr. Taylor told them not to ignore problems when
they occurred.
8. Dr. Taylor asked her to look online for job
opportunities.
9. Dr. Taylor asked Nayoung to talk to his receptionist
about his bills.
10. Dr. Taylor told them to learn to manage their
time better.

1 page 147
2.
3.
4.
5.
c
c
a
b
6. c
7. b
8. a
2 page 148
Are you a creative person? Dr. Lydia Garcia, a counselor
to go
who helps people find jobs, says that we go after the job of
your dreams. Here are some great jobs for creative people.
Interior Designer:We asked interior designer Julie
thought
if
Newton did she think her job was
us
creative. She told that it was. She
^
explained that interior designers need
to be creative with colors, patterns,
and light.
Photographer:Photographers need to have a

creative eye. We asked photographer
if he
Cory Davis could he tell us the
^
most important tip for being a good
to
photographer. He said that we be
unique and not to do what everyone
else does.
Teacher:Teachers have to think of creative

ways to help students learn. Teacher
Debbie Morgan has 25 students. She
says that shes always thinking of new
ways to help her students learn. She
her students / them
tells to do their best, and she helps
^
them do it.
Chef:Good chefs are creative chefs. People

like a variety of different kinds of
foods. We asked Chef Asami Tanaka
if
thought
did she think it was important to be
us
creative in the kitchen. She told that it
^
was. She explained that people want
food that tastes good, but they also
want it to look nice.
Are any of these jobs for you? Whatever you do, follow
to
Dr. Garcias advice. She said that you find a job thats right
for you.

1. b
2. c
3. c
4. c
5. a
6. c
7. b
8. b
9. b
10. c
11. a
12. a
Unit 19 The Passive (1)

English as a Global Language
Active vs. Passive Sentences
1 page 150
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
P
A
P
6. P
7. A
8. P
13. b
14. c
15. b
2 pages 150151
2. E
nglish is used at airports and train stations.
3. Commands in English are typed on computers. or
Commands are typed in English on computers.
4. E-mails are being written in English. or E-mails in
English are being written.
5. Announcements are made in English at international
events. or Announcements in English are made at
international events.
6. English songs are heard in many places.
7. How is English used in your country?
8. Are business meetings being conducted in English?
9. Are students asked to read English-language books?
3 page 151
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
has been called

havent/have not been translated
have been taken
have been learned
has been brought
4 pages 151152
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
was not being used

were started
has been spread
is also being taught
have been made
is used
are being conducted
are being written
5 page 152
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
by the Duke of Atholl

by the Duke
by more and more people
by fewer than 200 inhabitants
by the people
by the government
by teachers
by over 1,500 people
by people
Verbs and Objects with the Passive

1 pages 152153
2. I
3. T; The Latin alphabet is used (by many people) around
the world.
4. I
5. T; A writing system based on earlier alphabets was
created (by the Romans).
6. I
7. I
8. I
9. T; Letters on ancient Roman monuments are easily
recognized by many tourists to Italy.
2 page 153
2. I O; The audience was told the history of English since

the fifth century (by the narrator).
3. DO; Examples of changes in the language over the
centuries were offered to the audience by the narrator.
or Examples of changes in the language over the
centuries were offered by the narrator to the audience.
or Examples of changes in the language over the
centuries were offered to the audience.
4. IO; Viewers were shown some of the varieties of spoken
English (by the movie makers).
5. IO; The moviemakers were given samples of speech by
English speakers from different places.
6. DO; The differences between British English and
American English were shown (by the narrator).
Reasons for Using the Passive

1 page 154
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.
3.
4.
5.
have been presented

was conducted
were published
are spoken
6. was made
7. was reported
8. is being studied
1 pages 155156
c
a
b
b

1. c
2. a
3. a
4. c
5. a
6. a
7. b
8. b
9. b
10. c
11. c
12. c
13. b
14. c
15. b
Unit 20 The Passive (2)

Food Safety
1 pages 158159

2.
3.
4.
5.
People also listen to native speakers to improve. What

were
pronunciation tips you were taught? Which ones are you
^
using?
The Passive with Be Going To and Modals
were included
were asked
were examined
were compared
were published
2 pages 154155
ways to improve their pronunciation in English for a long

offered
time. Many pronunciation classes are offering at schools.
6. b
7. a
8. b
2 page 156
used
English is use in many countries around the world.
It is sometimes a difficult language to learn.
is
Pronunciation known to be difficult for some people.
^
pronounced
For example, the j as it is pronouncing in English words
(like June) can be difficult for Spanish speakers. That is
because the same sound does not occur in Spanish.
Vowels are also difficult for most learners of English.
found
Many vowel sounds are finding in English. Americans
use
are used about fifteen vowel sounds. Also, the vowel
are
sounds pronounced a bit differently in different places in
^
have been finding / have found
the English-speaking world. Learners have been found
2. W
ill public concerns about GM food safety be
reduced?; ll/will be reduced; wont/will not be reduced
3. Will more and more GM foods be purchased (by
consumers)?; will be bought (by consumers); wont/will
not be bought (by consumers)
4. Will the safety of GM foods be confirmed (by
research)?; ll/will be confirmed (by research); wont/
will not be confirmed (by research)
5. Will GM foods be regulated more strictly by more
countries?; wont/will not be regulated more strictly by
more countries; ll/will be regulated more strictly by
more countries
2 page 159
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
is; going to be talked

has been done
have been used
are going to be harmed
are going to be given or have been given
is going to be done
have been grown
havent/have not been tested
have been made
are going to be seen
3 page 160
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
may be modified
might be sold
could be kept
may not be known
could be damaged
must be tested
might be caused
4 page 160
Answers will vary.
Get Passives
1 page 161
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
gets contaminated
doesnt/does not get cooked
dont/do not get washed
gets dropped
gets put
2 page 161
2. Th
e frozen potatoes are getting recalled because they
got labeled incorrectly.
3. The fish isnt/is not getting recalled because it didnt/did
not get contaminated.
4. The chocolate milk is getting recalled because it didnt/
did not get processed correctly.
5. The hot dogs arent/are not getting recalled because
they didnt/did not get damaged by bacteria.
6. The fruit drinks are getting recalled because they
didnt/did not get packaged correctly.
3 page 162
Interviewer:Last week, 1,000 cases of cheese made by
got
ChedCheese, Inc. were recalled. Today, the
owner of ChedCheese, Mr. John Harris, is
here to talk with us about the problem.
Hello, Mr. Harris, and thank you for coming.
Mr. Harris:Youre welcome. Thank you for having me.
Interviewer: So, tell us about the problem.
Mr. Harris:Well, several people became sick after eating
our cheese, so all of our cheese products
got
were tested by the FDA.
Interviewer:I see. And what did the FDA find?
gotten
Mr. Harris:They found that one of our cheeses had been
contaminated.
Interviewer: So, what happened?
got
Mr. Harris:That cheese was recalled by the FDA. Of
course, at ChedCheese, we are concerned
about public safety. I personally made an
announcement about the recall.
got
Interviewer:Do you know how the cheese was
contaminated?
Interviewer:And what happened to those employees?

get
Did
Were they fired?
^
Mr. Harris:Yes, I fired them. At ChedCheese, we take
safety seriously.
got
Interviewer: Your company was shut down, right?
didnt get
Mr. Harris:Yes, but it wasnt shut down by the
government. I decided to close the
factory and do a thorough cleaning of
our equipment. Were going to reopen on
Monday, and I want consumers to know it
will be safe to buy our cheese again.
Interviewer: Thank you for your time, Mr. Harris.
Passive Gerunds and Infinitives

1 page 163
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
being informed or to be informed

to be persuaded
being harmed
to be improved
being misinformed
to be misled
2 pages 163164
2. to be
3. being
4. to be
5. being
6. to be
3 page 164
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I want; Answers will vary.

I hope; Answers will vary.
Im afraid of; Answers will vary.
Im interested in; Answers will vary.
Im not likely; Answers will vary.

1 pages 164165
2.
3.
4.
5.
b
b
a
c
6. b
7. c
8. a
2 page 165
approved
A farmers market will formally be approve by the
employees did not follow our safety
community board at its next meeting. Farmers products

sold
will be sell at a market downtown every weekend. The
inspected
market will be inspect by the health board before it opens
procedures.
in May. The health board needs to give final approval.
Mr. Harris:Yes, I do. Unfortunately, several of my
displayed
A wide variety of freshly grown products will be display
for consumers to choose, including fruits, vegetables,
and flowers. In addition, products such as honey might
included
be include on the list of items available. GM foods wont
be sold
sell at the market, however. Cooking demonstrations may
be found
be scheduled
schedule for some weekends. More information can find
enjoyed
on the citys website. This market will be enjoy by families
throughout the community.
4. b
5. a
6. c
7. c
8. a
9. a
10. b
11. b
12. b
13. b
14. c
15. c
Unit 21 Subject Relative Clauses

(Adjective Clauses with
Subject Relative Pronouns)
Alternative Energy Sources
Identifying Subject Relative Clauses
1 page 168
Helen and David Mitchell are people who live in

Michigan. Michigan is a U.S. state that has very cold
winters. In the winter, the Mitchells had heating bills which
were over $600 a month. They did a lot of research to see
how they could save money on their heating bill. Geotime
is a company that installs a type of geothermal energy
system. It is a system which is put underground. It uses
heat from the ground to heat the home. Mr. Reynolds is
a man who works for Geotime. He came to the Mitchells
house to explain the system, and they decided to have
it installed. It has been very successful. In January, the
Mitchells had a heating bill that was only $115!
2 page 168
2.
3.
4.
5.
that helps
who live
which is
that runs
6. that install
7. which collects
8. which saves
3 page 169
2. C
lean Power Campaign was started by people who
wanted to make a difference.
3. Clean Power Campaign employees talk to companies
which use a lot of dirty fuels.
4. Employees who work for Clean Power Campaign
encourage those companies to use renewable energy.
5. The organization contacts government agencies which
make decisions about energy use.
6. Clear Power Campaign speaks to the agencies on behalf
of citizens who are concerned about clean energy.
2. w
ho/that support environmental organizations or
political parties
3. which/that sells products or services that do not harm
the environment
4. who/that works for a green business or an
environmental organization
5. which/that does not harm the environment when
produced or consumed
6. which/that trap the suns heat and cause a rise in
temperature
Nonidentifying Subject Relative Clauses

1. a
2. b
3. b
4 page 169
1 page 170
2. E
nergy costs can be reduced by green roofs, which keep
heat out in the summer and keep heat in during the
winter.
3. People put gardens, which can include trees and
flowers, on the tops of buildings.
4. Trees and large plants are grown in one type of roof
garden, which is also called an intensive roof garden.
5. Intensive gardens, which need a thick layer of soil, can
seem like parks in the sky.
6. Another kind of roof garden, which is called an
extensive roof garden, has low-growing plants in
thin soil.
7. My cousin, who is a professor researching green roofs,
grows carrots and peppers in his extensive garden.
2 pages 170171
2. Ivans car, which is a hybrid, gets good gas mileage.

3. Our uncle, who is an electrical engineer, has an
electric car.
4. The NRG which/that is located on Main Street sells only
eco-friendly products.
5. Geotime, which has 30 employees, installs geothermal
systems.
6. Paulinas office which/that is downtown uses solar
energy.
Subject Relative Clauses with Whose

1 page 171
We need to support leaders whose main goal is to use
(1)
renewable energy sources. Alex Nelson, whose parents

own a green company, is running for mayor. He works
(2)
as a lawyer at Crawford & Hu. Pat Crawford, who started

the law firm and whose practice is well known, helps
(3)
preserve green spaces. Nelsons experience makes him a

great candidate. Rita Levins, whose volunteer activities in
the community are numerous, is also running for mayor.
(4)
Levins, whose father has worked in a coal mine, supports
using coal as an energy source. She has served on the town
1 pages 173174
(5)
council. Levins may be a qualified politician, but

she does not support renewable energy. Jennifer Chen,
whose campaign promises include support for renewable
(6)
energy, is the third candidate for mayor. Chen, whose

parents own a gardening business, has experience with
(7)
green issues. However, Chens main issue is support

for education, whose funding has been cut . In my
(8)
opinion, you should vote for Alex Nelson, whose

experience makes him the best person for the job.
(9)
2 page 172
2. I ; The Sanchezes are the family whose dream is to have

an energy-efficient house.
3. I; The Sanchez family are friends with someone whose
company designs energy-efficient homes.
4. NI; Gloria Ramirez, whose company is a family business,
will design their home.
5. NI; Gloria, whose children all work in the business, has
two daughters and a son.
6. I; Glorias daughter whose specialty is eco-friendly home
design will design the interiors.
7. NI, Glorias son, whose specialty is geothermal energy,
will install the heating system.
8. NI; These relatives of mine, whose home is being built
this year, are pleased with the plans.
c
b
a
b
6. a
7. c
8. c
2 page 174
which or that
There are many things you can do to have a home who
helps the environment. Install a solar panel system, which
it heats your home with energy from the sun. You could
which
also get a geothermal system, who heats your home with
energy from the ground. A geothermal system, which it
can be expensive at first, saves money over time. This type
which
of system, who heats your home cheaply, can also cool
who / or that
your home. You can find many people online which sell
solar panels and geothermal systems. You could also put
which
a green roof on your home. The roof, who helps to heat the
home, can also be used for a garden. Green roofs, which
need to be flat, work best on new homes. Find an architect
whose
whos company specializes in green roofs to build your
home. There are many options for having a home that it
doesnt pollute the environment and saves you money on
heating bills.
3 A page 172
2. a
3. f
4. e
2.
3.
4.
5.
5. b
6. c
1. c
2. c
3. b
4. b
5. a
6. c
7. a
8. a
9. b
10. c
11. c
12. a
13. b
14. c
15. c
B page 172
2. L
aura Akpem is an architect whose design for a green
roof won an award.
3. Marcos Avilez is an actor whose latest movie is about a
worldwide energy crisis.
4. Eco-Car is a car company whose hybrid cars are some of
the cleanest vehicles sold in the United States.
5. James Peters is a politician whose decisions led to
cleaner energy for the city.
6. Good Green Home Group is a remodeling company
whose windows are very energy-efficient.
4 page 173
2. who
3. who
4. whose
5. who
6. who
7. whose
Unit 22 Object Relative Clauses

(Adjective Clauses with
Object Relative Clauses)
Biometrics
Indentifying Object Relative Clauses
1 page 176
Forensic Files is a popular TV show. It shows crimes

that experts solve with forensic science. Each episode is
about a different crime which someone has committed.
In many episodes, investigators use DNA that criminals
have left at the crime scene to help them solve the case.
Because each persons DNA is unique, the DNA that the
investigators collect is often important evidence. Once
investigators find a suspect, they can match the suspects

DNA to the DNA that they have found at the scene. The
DNA can show if a suspect was present at a crime scene.
However, DNA is not the only forensic evidence that
these investigators use to solve the crimes. They also use
fingerprints, footprints, and even clothing fibers that
they find at the scene. Investigators on the show usually
use forensics to catch criminals, but not always. Some of
the suspects who they investigate are innocent. Forensic
evidence, like DNA, can help show that, too.
2 page 176
Forensics can be used to solve cases that police

consider cold. Cold cases are investigations that police
have not been able to solve sometimes for over 20 years.
New technology that investigators didnt have in the
past is available today, so crimes which people committed
many years ago can eventually be solved. In one case,
police collected evidence from a crime that someone
committed 30 years ago. The police found some hair at the
crime scene, but the investigators couldnt prove whose
hair it was. Thirty years later, the DNA in the hair which
the police had found was tested. The hair matched one of
the suspects DNA, and he was arrested for the crime that
he had committed years before.
Cold case investigators have an important job. People
whose family members criminals have hurt may feel
satisfied when a person is arrested even after many years.
3 page 177
2. t errible crimes which/that/ people around the world

have committed are shown
3. Dayle Hinman is an investigator who/whom/that/
viewers see solve crimes with forensics
4. forensic investigators analyze data which/that/ the
police find at the crime scene
5. two unusual crimes which/that/ investigators solve
with forensics are shown each week
6. a medical examiner studies victims for evidence
which/that/ she uses to solve crimes
3. H
olmess most famous detective cases, which he solved
with the use of logic, involved forensic evidence.
4. Dr. Watson, who/whom Doyle uses as the narrator for
most of the stories, was Holmess friend and assistant.
5. In 2009, Robert Downey, Jr. played the detective in the
movie Sherlock Holmes, which millions of people around
the world saw.
Object Relative Clauses as Objects

of Prepositions
1 AB pages 179180
2. which/that
3. which
4. which
5. who/whom/that
6. which/that
7. who/whom/that
8. which
2 page 180
The movie Conviction, in which Hilary Swank stars, was

released in 2010. Betty Anne Waters is the real-life woman
on whom the movie is based. Betty Anne fights to prove her
brother is innocent of a murder of which he was convicted.
She enters law school, from which she graduates after
years of study. She is determined to prove her brother is
innocent of the crime of which others say he is guilty.

1 page 181
Nonidentifying Object Relative Clauses
2.
3.
4.
5.
1 page 178
2 page 182
2. L
eonard became interested in linguistics, which he now
teaches at a university.
3. He enjoys teaching forensic linguistics, which he
describes as the newest tool in investigations.
4. Leonard thinks that language, which each person uses
in a unique way, is like a fingerprint.
5. Leonard, who/whom police sometimes ask for help, can
often identify people by how they write.
6. Leonard, who/whom Forensic Files once interviewed,
has helped the police solve many crimes.
2 pages 178179
2. Th
e first Sherlock Holmes mystery, which people
liked immediately, was A Study in Scarlet. or The first
Sherlock Holmes mystery was A Study in Scarlet, which
people liked immediately.
a
c
c
a
6. b
7. c
8. c
which
Forensic science, who many investigators use to solve
crimes today, is not a new science. Fortunatus Fidelis,
who/whom
which people call the founder of forensic medicine,
already practiced this type of medicine in the 1590s.
which
Forensic medicine, what uses medical evidence to solve
crimes, has changed over the years. Here are some historic
developments:
1. Fingerprints, which criminals leave them at crime
scenes, became a way to identify people in the late
which/that/
1800s. However, computer systems what police use to
scan, store, and compare fingerprints werent created

until the last half of the twentieth century.
2. In 1901, Karl Landsteiner discovered that people have
different blood types. After that, investigators could use
blood samples that they found them at crime scenes to
eliminate suspects.
3. In the 1980s, Ray White identified important features of
which
DNA, who investigators now collect from almost every
Reduced Relative Clauses

1 page 185
2. B
aby Boomers are optimistic people. Most of them are
people in their 50s and 60s.
3. Gen Xers are people born in the 1960s and 1970s. Gen
Xers are flexible people.
4. Millennials are people looking for challenges. They are
educated people.
2 page 186
developed, and there will be even more ways, that police
2. His son, a two-year-old, is a Gen Zer.

3. Tim is doing research on Chinas Generation Y, the
Chinese post-1980s generation.
4. Tim found out about Generation Y from Michael Stanat,
the author of Chinas Generation Y: Understanding the
Future Leaders of the Worlds Next Superpower.
5. According to Stanat, Chinas Generation Y, an
entrepreneurial and tech-savvy group, is composed of
approximately 200 million individuals.
can catch criminals in the future.
3 pages 186187
modern-day crime scene. In 1987, DNA was first used to

prove that a man, who police thought had committed a
crime, was guilty.
Technology in forensic science is always being

1. b
2. c
3. a
4. b
5. b
6. a
7. a
8. c
9. b
10. a
11. c
12. c
13. b
14. b
15. c
Unit 23 Relative Clauses with Where

and When; Reduced Relative Clauses
Millennials
Relative Clauses with Where and When
1 page 184
2. when
3. when
4. where
5. where
6. when
2 page 184
2. Th
e organizers think that most of the people attending
the conference are Millennials.
3. There is a man writing name tags at the information
table.
4. The water on the information table is for the attendees.
5. There is a woman passing out the bottles of water by the
information table.
6. The woman speaking first at the conference is already
on the stage.

1 pages 187188
2.
3.
4.
5.
b
c
b
a
6. a
7. b
8. c
2 page 188
A generation gap is a difference in values and attitudes
2. i s a place where Gen Xers have introduced many

new ideas
3. is a website where many Gen Xers shop
4. are locations where Gen Xers like to go on adventure
vacations
5. are places where Gen Xers want to work
between two generations. Sociologists, are people
3 page 185
The 1960s was a decade in when there was a big
2.
3.
4.
5.
where many young people communicate.

when Internet use spread rapidly.
in which most homes have Internet connections.
in which most Internet applications start to sell.
who study society, often examine generation gaps. The

sociologists/they
United States is a country where have found gaps among
^
generations.
generation gap between Traditionalists and Baby Boomers.

Traditionalists, were the parents of the Baby Boomers,
were conservative. Their children, were the Baby Boomers,
wanted to express their personal freedom. It was a period
in when the younger generation protested against society

the younger generation / people / they
and government. Big cities were places where often
^
gathered to protest, sometimes through music. Joan Baez,
Future Real Conditionals
was a folk singer, sang protest songs. Many Traditionalists
1 A pages 192193
did not like, or even understand, the music their children

were listening to.

1. c
2. a
3. a
4. b
5. c
6. a
7. c
8. a
9. b
10. a
11. a
12. c
13. b
14. a
15. c
Unit 24 Real Conditionals:

Present and Future
Media in the United States
2.
4.
5.
6.
7.
wait
wont/will not get
dont/do not go
will be
rains
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
will; do
is
ll/will put up
miss
ll/will watch
B page 193
2.
3.
4.
5.
even if
even if
Unless
Even if
2 pages 193194
Answers will vary.
Present Real Conditionals
Real Conditionals with Modals,

Modal-like Expressions, and Imperatives
1 page 190
1 page 194
2 page 191
2. I f an average person submits a news story, a news

organization considers it.; A news organization
considers the story if an average person submits it.
3. If the story is interesting, a news organization often
uses it.; A news organization often uses the story if
its/it is interesting.
4. If the news organization is good, it checks the facts.;
The news organization checks the facts if its/it is good.
5. If the stories arent/are not objective, a good news
organization doesnt/does not use them.; A good news
organization doesnt/does not use the stories if theyre
not / they arent / they are not objective.
3 pages 191192
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
what do you do
what news sources do you use
you want news on something specific
what happens
you want to find out more about a story
What are your favorite news sources
you want to get more information
my friends post interesting news stories
I often follow up
you are home after work
do you watch the news on TV
4 page 192
Answers will vary.

2.
3.
4.
5.
must
shouldnt
could
have to
6. should
7. might
8. cant
2 pages 194195
2. If you write a review, it could help other people.

3. We cant publish your review if you dont include
your name.
4. When you write a review for us, it has to be fewer
than 100 words long.
5. Your review should include positive and negative
feedback if you are not biased.
6. When you write a review, follow these rules.
3 pages 195196
Answers will vary.

1 page 197
2.
3.
4.
5.
a
b
c
b
6. a
7. a
8. c
2 page 198
One way to get news is to get it on your cell phone. If
people are on the go , they like to read the news wherever
^
you are; you show

photo is; it tells
You need; you want
someone plans; there are
you look for; you need
a person doesnt/does not need; he or she has
people try; they want
you are; you have
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
they are. If they have smartphones with Internet service ,

they can usually read news anywhere. News companies are
trying to make it even easier to get news on phones. If they
will make news even easier to read on a small screen, more
people will read it.
Companies consider several questions when they

develop stories for cell phones. For example, if a story is
will
long, people will read it? If people only will want to read
^
can
stories on certain topics, how people can get these
^
stories easily?
5. I f there were/was a hurricane, houses on the beach

would be in danger. or Houses on the beach would be in
danger if there were/was a hurricane.
6. If we had a heat wave, many plants could die. or Many
plants could die if we had a heat wave.
3 page 201
tomorrow, you probably wont get good cell phone service.

If
You definitely wont use your phone outside when it rains a
Possible answers:
2. If it didnt snow so frequently, I wouldnt have to cancel
school.
3. If didnt miss a large number of days, we wouldnt have
to make them up at the end of the year.
4. If safety werent a priority, I could keep schools open
during bad weather.
5. If the city had good snow removal equipment, we
wouldnt a lot of canceled school days.
6. If the city raised taxes, we could buy new equipment.
lot tomorrow. Of course, you wouldnt read a newspaper in
4 page 202
If you will read or listen to the news on your phone,

there could be some problems. For example, imagine you
are outside during your lunch break tomorrow, and you
If
want to catch up on the news. When the weather is bad
the rain, either!
Answers will vary.
Past Unreal Conditionals
1. b
2. c
3. a
4. a
5. b
6. a
7. c
8. b
9. a
10. c
11. b
12. b
13. c
14. b
15. a
Unit 25 Unreal Conditionals:

Present, Future, and Past
Natural Disasters
Present and Future Unreal Conditionals
1 page 200
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
had
would stay
got
would close
didnt/did not have
might catch up
closed
might not finish
wouldnt/would not drive
were/was
2 pages 200201
2. I f the forest fire came near town, residents would leave

their homes. or Residents would leave their homes if
the forest fires came near town.
3. If there were/was a tornado, people would go to their
basements. or People would go to their basements if
there were/was a tornado.
4. If it rained a lot, streets could flood. or Streets could
flood if it rained a lot.
1 page 203
2.

3.

4.

5.

a. Yes
b. No
a. No
b. Yes
a. Yes
b. No
a. Yes
b. No
2 page 203
Possible answers:
2. Flights would have continued if the smoke and ash
hadnt been so thick in the air.
3. Flights wouldnt have stopped if the pilots had been able
to see.
4. Many tourists would have flown home if the airports
hadnt closed.
5. The catastrophe wouldnt have affected so many
countries in Europe if the wind hadnt been so strong.
3 page 204
2. had slowed; could / might / would have stayed

3. wouldnt / would not / might not have gotten;
had closed
4. had seen; wouldnt / might not have stepped
5. could / might / would have gone; had remembered
4 page 205
Answers will vary.
Wishes About the Present, Future,

and Past
the rope for several hours, but he finally had to cut the
1 pages 205206
had fallen more than 100 feet, but even with his hurt leg, he
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
had been
werent/were not raining or wasnt/was not raining
hadnt/had not made
could reschedule
were/was
would promote
could ask
could talk
2 page 206
Possible answers:
2. I wish that I hadnt left my umbrella at home.
3. I wish that I could go outside and play soccer right now.
4. I wish that the rain would stop.
5. I wish that it didnt rain every week here.
6. I wish that my rain boots didnt have holes in them.
7. I wish that I could go to the park today.
8. I wish it were winter now.

1 page 207
2.
3.
4.
5.
b
a
b
a
6. c
7. a
8. c
2 page 208
wasnt
If it isnt for a tragic event, no one would know
about Joe Simpson. In 1985, Joe Simpson and Simon
Yates were climbing a mountain in the Andes. If a blizzard
hadnt/had not happened
didnt happen, the trip might have ended without any
problems. The two climbers got to the top of the mountain,
but they had problems on the way down. If it hadnt been
icy, Joe wouldnt have slipped. However, it was icy, and Joe
slipped and broke his leg. He could have climbed down the
he
mountain if hadnt gotten the injury. Because Joe couldnt
^
walk, Simon lowered Joe down the mountain on a rope.
When they were almost back to the camp, Joe slipped
again. He was dangling on the rope over the edge of the
he
mountain. He could have climbed up the rope if had had
hadnt/had not damaged ^
the strength. If the weather didnt damage Simons hands,
he might have been able to pull Joe up. Simon held on to
rope. He thought Joe had died, but Joe was not dead. He
had managed to climb to safety and get back to the camp.
In 1988, Joe Simpson wrote a book, called Touching
hadnt/had not been
the Void, about the experience. If the book wasnt a huge
success, the movie about the climb might not have been
hadnt/had not seen
made. I wish that I did not see the movie before I read the
had gone
book. I also wish I went to the movie with a friend. It was
were/was
frightening! Of course, it was inspiring, too. If I am you,
I would rent the movie today!

1. c
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. b
6. c
7. b
8. b
9. a
10. c
11. a
12. b
13. c
14. c
15. a
Unit 26 Conjunctions
Globalization of Food
Connecting Words and Phrases
with Conjunctions
1 A page 210
2.
3.
4.
5.
or
and
or
and
6. or
7. and
8. or
B page 211
2.
3.
4.
5.
but/and
but/and
and
or
2 page 211
2. nor; is
3. or; is
4. but also; adds
6.
7.
8.
9.
but
but
or
but
5. nor; sounds
6. and; are
3 page 212
2. A
t the restaurants, you can have either savory crpes or
sweet crpes. or At the restaurants, you can have either
savory or sweet crpes.
3. The crpes are not only inexpensive but also large.
4. Both the chocolate (crpes) and the strawberry crpes
are delicious.
5. Neither coffee nor tea is free at La Crperie.
Connecting Sentences
with Coordinating Conjunctions
oranges do not grow in cold climates, and lemons do not,

either
both
too. However, either oranges and lemons can be found in
1 pages 212213
supermarkets all year round. Where do they come from?
2.
3.
4.
5.
and
but
so
but
6.
7.
8.
9.
2 page 213
2. but
3. so
4. yet
but
and
but
so
Most supermarkets in places with cold winters import food

from other places. Oranges are grown in California, and are
shipped to places like New York.
or
There are some fruits that do not grow well in warm and
5. or
6. yet
cold climates in the United States. Therefore, many fruits

both
are imported from other countries. For example, either
3 page 213
Peru and Mexico export avocados to the United States.
2. M
exican food is popular and enjoyed by people in many
countries.
3. Thai food can be found in many places and is usually
similar to the food in Thailand.
4. Indian restaurants are common in England and found
in many other countries.
5. You should try French food in France and have it in
Canada.
Reducing Sentences with Similar Clauses

1 page 214
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
is; too
havent; either
so; was
were; , too
werent
7.
8.
9.
10.
were
neither; does/do
wont; either
so; are
2 page 215
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
So is the lamb.; The lamb is, too.

Neither is the chicken.; The chicken isnt, either.
So is the steak.; The steak is, too.
So was the steak.; The steak was, too.
Neither was the fish.; The fish wasnt, either.
Neither was the lamb.; The lamb wasnt, either.
So was the chicken.; The chicken was, too.
3 pages 215216
Answers will vary.

1 pages 216217
2.
3.
4.
5.
c
b
a
c
6. b
7. a
8. c
2 page 217
Places like Florida and California can grow fruit
Durian is not native to the United States, and passion fruit

either
is not, too. Durian is often imported from Malaysia and
Indonesia, and passion fruit is imported from New Zealand
and Brazil. Lychee is another fruit that is not very common
in the United States. It is grown in some areas of the United
States, but is mainly imported from places like China.
These exotic fruits usually cannot be found in small towns
or
and smaller cities. However, supermarkets in bigger cities
usually sell them.

1. a
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. c
6. a
7. a
8. a
9. c
10. b
11. c
12. b
13. b
14. b
15. a
Unit 27 Adverb Clauses and Phrases

Consumerism
Subordinators and Adverb Clauses
1 page 220
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
since
while
Although
Even though
Because
7.
8.
9.
10.
While
since
While
as
2 page 221
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Although / Even though / Though / While; 18

while; 17
Although / Even though / Though / While; 13
When; 5
because/since; 4
year-round, but places like New York and Minnesota

cannot because the climate is too cold. For example,
Reducing Adverb Clauses
Subordinators to Express Purpose
1 page 222
1 pages 223224
Christina is a personal shopper who works for a

Being very busy
businesswoman, Mrs. Adams. Because she is very busy,
2.
3.
4.
5.
to
to
so
in order to
6. so that
7. so
8. to
Mrs. Adams does not have time to shop. Christina does

Being a successful businesswoman
most of her shopping. Since she is a successful
2 page 224
David is also a personal shopper, but his job is different
from Christinas. David goes shopping for elderly

Being homebound
people. Because they are homebound, his clients have
1 page 225
2. S antiago buys old guitars so that he can fix them.

3. Dae Jin and Alex buy concert tickets to sell them to their
businesswoman, Mrs. Adams often has to go to events.
friends.
4. Gabriela buys new clothes so she can have the latest
Christina picks out dresses and shoes for her. Christina also
While getting Mrs. Adams groceries
style.
gets groceries for Mrs. Adams. While she gets Mrs. Adams
5. Chuck buys comic books in order to add them to his
collection.
groceries, Christina also does her own shopping. Christina
6.
Sofia and Ying buy art supplies so that they can make
after starting college
birthday cards to sell.
started working for Mrs. Adams after she started college.
Having earned enough money for her tuition
Because she has earned enough money for her tuition,
3 page 224
Answers will vary.
Christina will finish school this year.
difficulty leaving their houses. David does their grocery

shopping and also buys other items for them. One of his
clients, Mr. Morton, said that David has changed his life.
Since having a stroke two years ago
Since he had a stroke two years ago, Mr. Morton has
had trouble walking. His children did his shopping for him
before realizing a service could do it
before they realized a service could do it. Now when
they visit their father, they can spend time with him instead
of doing errands for him.
2 pages 222223
2. H
aving bought 100 pairs of shoes, she didnt have room
for them in her closet.
3. While shopping for a gift for her sister, she bought three
new pairs of shoes.
4. She started buying shoes before getting a job.
5. Being caring people, her parents were worried
about her.
6. Having read an article about shopping addicts, her
father suggested treatment.
7. Melissa agreed to get help after realizing she had a
problem.
8. Now she takes only the money she needs before going to
the mall.
3 page 223
Answers will vary.
2.
3.
4.
5.
b
c
a
b
6. c
7. c
8. a
2 page 226
Even though
Even everyone spends money differently, research shows
there is a common pattern of spending over a lifetime:
From ages 18 to 22, people do not spend a lot of money.
spend because
Young people often do not have a lot of money to spend.
Because they are in school or getting their first job.
money although
People who are 22 to 30 spend a little more money.
Although they still do not spend that much. For
example, people in their 20s often cannot afford to buy
earning
houses when not earn a lot of money. As a result, they
tend to rent apartments.
From ages 31 to 40, people spend more money. They
spend because
usually have more money to spend. Because they have
even though
been working for a while. However, eventhough they
make more money, they often have a hard time saving
money.
Research shows that people in their 40s spend the most
money. Many people in this age group have children, so
they have to buy things for the entire family.
People in their 50s spend less money than those in their

even though
40s even they often have more money than when they
even though
were younger. One of the reasons is that, eventhough
they may continue working, they are often trying to save
money for retirement.
People over 60 spend the least amount of money. Many
people in this age group are not working anymore after
having
have retired, so they are usually afraid of spending much
even though
money, even they have saved money for most of their
lives.
4. a
5. c
6. c
7. a
8. b
9. a
10. b
11. c
12. c
13. b
14. b
15. a
Unit 28 Connecting Information

with Prepositions and Transitions
Technology in Entertainment
Connecting Information with Prepositions
and Prepositional Phrases
1 page 228
2.
3.
4.
5.
Because of
As well as
Instead of
except for
6.
7.
8.
9.
In addition to
instead of
Despite
in spite of
2 page 229
2.
3.
4.
5.
i nstead of an animated movie

in spite of her diet or in spite of being on a diet
as well as some chocolate
due to the bad seats or due to the theater having bad
seats
6. as a result of sitting too close to the screen
3 pages 229230
Possible answers:
2. All the movies I own are live action except for Hop.
3. Hop is a sweet movie besides being very funny.
4. Hop has animated characters in it in addition to real
actors.
5. The main actor talks to other people as well as to an
animated bunny.
4 page 230
Answers will vary.
1 pages 230231
2. S econd, J. Stuart Blackton made the first animated film

by using drawings on a blackboard.
3. Then / Next, / After that, mile Cohl created an early
animated film, using paper cutouts.
4. Then / Next, / After that, Winsor McCay made an
animated cartoon with 10,000 drawings.
5. Then / Next, / After that, the first full-length animated
movie was made in Argentina by Quirino Cristiani.
6. Finally, Walt Disney produced the first animated
cartoon with synchronized sound.
2 page 231

1. b
2. c
3. b
Connecting Information
with Transition Words
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
In addition / Moreover
As a result / Consequently
therefore / as a result
Moreover / Furthermore
In contrast / On the other hand
In addition / Furthermore
To summarize / In conclusion
3 page 232
2. M
ost dance apps only show steps. In contrast, U-Dance
shows a users movements.
3. I thought the app would not be good exercise. However,
I got a good workout.
4. U-Dance is free. Therefore, you have no reason not to
get it.
5. To summarize, its easy to use, fun, and free. Its a
great app.

1 pages 232233
2.
3.
4.
5.
a
c
b
b
6. b
7. b
8. c
2 page 233
being
Despite it is a relatively young company, Pixar has been
having
very successful. In spite of he had a good job at Disney,
John Lasseter left his job to start a computer animation
company with George Lucas in 1984. The company later
became Pixar. In 1986, Pixar released its first animated
short film, which was called Luxo Jr. In 1987, Luxo Jr.
being
was nominated for an Academy Award as well as it was
nominated for a Golden Gate Award. It won the Golden
On
Gate Award. In the other hand, it did not win the Academy
Award. In 1989, Pixar started making commercials in
making
addition to it made films. In the 1990s, Pixar continued
making
making short films as well as it made commercials. In
addition to Pixars short films, the commercials also won
awards.
In 1995, Pixars Toy Story was a huge success at the
box office. In addition, it was the worlds first full-length
movie completely animated on computers. In the years to
come, Pixar made Toy Story 2 and Toy Story 3. Toy Story 3
made even more money than the very successful Toy Story
and Toy Story 2 combined. In conclusion, Pixar has had
fantastic success with many of its movies and commercials
and has won a large number of awards over the years.

1. c
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. c
6. a
7. b
8. c
9. a
10. c
11. a
12. c
13. b
14. b
15. a

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