Codex
Codex
Codex
FOOD ADDITIVES
Food and Drug Administration
(United States)
If an additive is approved
FDA issues regulations that
may include the types of
foods in which it can be used,
the maximum amounts to be
used, and how it should be
identified on food labels.
If new evidence suggests that
a product already in use may
be unsafe federal
authorities may prohibit its
use or conduct further studies
to determine if the use can
still be considered safe.
groups of ingredients
Under the Food Additives Amendment:
Codex allows the use of cyclamates artificial sweetener to birth defects, the
impairment of the function of testes, and the enhancement of the carcinogenic
effect of cancer-causing chemicals. have been banned in the U.S. since 1970.
cyclamates in carbonated soft drinks and other foods that could result in the consumption of
large amounts of a food additive that the FDA has previously found to be unsafe.
Codex permits the use of alitame (artificial sweetener)The FDA has not approved
the use of this additive, and the addition of this unapproved substance in a wide
range of foodstuffs could raise serious public health concerns.
Codex permit the use of additives used in the U.S. at levels or in specific foods that
have not been approved The FDA restricting the types of foods in which the
additive can be used, and by limiting the additives purpose for which it may be
used.
The Codex General Standard allow for the use of additives in specific foods and in
quantities that are not permitted in the U.S.
In 1986, the use of sulfites , because of the incidence of severe allergic reactions, was not
Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) and changed its regulations to restrict the use of these
additives FDAs regulations bar the use of sulfites on meats, in contrast, the General
Standard for Food Additives allows the use of sulfiting agents on fresh meat, poultry.
In 1970, nitrate could be converted to nitrite which, when combined with secondary amines,
forms cancer-causing nitrosamines The U.S. banned nitrates from most processed meats.
The proposed General Standard for Food Additives, however, allows their use in a far greater
number of foods than is permitted in the U.S., including cheese and alcoholic beverages.
SCF/EFSA
FAO/WHO
SCF / EFSA
Peran :
Standar evaluasi :
Authorization
Dokumen
Resmi
berdasarkan
standar SCF
European
Legislation
ESFA
mempublikasi
kan ISSUE
Ringkasan Dokumen
4. Data reporting
5. Review of results and conclusions
Part IV : Referensi
Function
Food
Category
Max. Level
Erythrosine
Colour
Candied Fruits
200 mg/kg
Benzoates
Preservative
Fruit Nectar
1000 mg/kg
Propyl Gallate
Antioxidant
Vegetable oils
and fats
200 mg/kg
Saccharins
Sweetener
Cheese
analogues
100 mg/kg
Sodium
stearoyl-2lactylate
Emulsifier,
Stabilizer,
Thickener
Dairy fat
spreads
10.000 mg/kg
Triethyl citrate
Antifoaming
Agent, Carrier
Solvent,
Sequestrant,
Stabilizer
Liquid egg
products
2500 mg/kg
Antioxidan
Tocopherols (E 306-309), BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole
or E 320
Preservatives
Nitrates and nitrites (sodium and potassium salts) (E 249252) digunakan sebagai pengawet pada proses
pembuatan HAM dan daging lain mencegah C.
Botulinum yang patogen
Pewarna
Penyedap
acesulfam K (E 950), aspartame (E 951) and saccharin (E
954) 130-200 kali, 200 kali and 300-500 kali lebih
manis dari gula dan kalori nya 0.
PEWARNA MAKANAN
Pewarna makanan
Pigmen/substrat yang
mewarnai makanan, obatobatan, kosmetik atau tubuh
manusia atraktif, menarik,
berselera, dan informatif
Lakes : mereaksikan
straight color dengan
presipitan dan
substrat. Contoh :
Blue 1 Lake.
Mixtures :
pencampuran satu
dengan pewarna
lainnya tanpa reaksi
kimia. Contoh : food
Kategori
FDA
Color Additives
Subject to
Certification
pewarna buatan
manusia
Color Additives
Exempt from
Certification
(Exhibit A)
berasal dari
tumbuhan,
binatang, dan
sumber mineral
pewarna makanan di
Indonesia diatur dalam SK Menteri
Kesehatan RI No. 235/MenKes/Per/VI/79
dan direvisi melalui SK Menteri
Kesehatan RI No. 722/MenKes/Per/VI/88
mengenai bahan tambahan makanan.
Warna
Tanda khusus
Eropa
Level
maksimal
bergantung
pada jenis
makanan
yang diberi
aditif.
PENGAWET MAKANAN
Zat pengawet
Alami
Buatan/sintetis
Pengawet
No
Pengawet
Asam Benzoat
14
Kalkum Nitrat
Asam Propionat
15
Kalium Nitril
Asam Sorbat
16
Kalium Propionat
Belerang Dioksida
17
Kalium Sorbat
Etil p-Hidroksi
Benzoat
18
Kalium Sulfit
Kalium Benzoat
19
Kalsium Benzoit
Kalium Bisulfit
20
Kalsium Propionat
Natrium Bisulfit
21
Natrium Nitrat
Natrium Metabisulfit
22
Natrium Nitrit
10
Natrium Propionat
23
Nisin
11
Natrium Sulfit
24
Propil-p-hidroksi-benzoit.
12
Natrium Benzoat
25
Metil-p-hidroksi Benzoit
13
26
Kalsium Sorbat
Pengawet
Dietilpirokarbonat
Nitrofurazon
Kalium Klorat
Kalium Bromat
Kloramfenikol
formalin
Dulsin
K-sorbat
0,05 0,3 % (diaplikasikan
langsung)
dan 10 20 %
(disemprotkan pada
permukaan
makanan).
Asam benzoat 1000 ppm atau 1 gram per
kg bahan
Nitrit
produk akhir daging proses
adalah200 ppm.
Penggunaan
Chitosan
Asap Cair
(Liquid
Smoke)
Kunyit
Air Ki (Air
pengawet mie
Endapan
Abu Merang)
Asam Sitrat
(Citric Acid)
PENYEDAP MAKANAN
Pemanis buatan
Directive 94/35/EC
Tujuan dibuat pemanis buatan :
i) makanan rendah energi (kalori)
ii) makanan anti karies
iii)Makanan tanpa gula untuk penderita
diabetes (diaetic product)
Contoh :
Pemanis buatan :
Aspartane
Tidak toxic
Tidak Karsinogenik
ADI = 40 mg/kg berat badan
Persyaratan
3 mg/kg
12,5 mg/kg
10 mg/kg
10 mg/kg
6,25 mg/L
250 mg/L
250 mg/L
225 mg/kg
225 mg/kg
225 mg/kg
225 mg/kg
225 mg/kg
225 mg/kg
225 mg/kg
225 mg/kg
1 mg/cm2
TERIMA KASIH