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Hardware and Software Notes

This document discusses hardware and software components of a computer. It defines software as programs that allow users to perform tasks like creating documents, and categorizes software into two types: system software like operating systems, and application software. It also outlines the input-process-output-storage (IPOS) cycle that computers follow to receive, process, output and store data. The document further describes the main hardware components of a computer including the motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, and input/output components. It explains the functions of these components and how they work together to process information.

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2K views

Hardware and Software Notes

This document discusses hardware and software components of a computer. It defines software as programs that allow users to perform tasks like creating documents, and categorizes software into two types: system software like operating systems, and application software. It also outlines the input-process-output-storage (IPOS) cycle that computers follow to receive, process, output and store data. The document further describes the main hardware components of a computer including the motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, and input/output components. It explains the functions of these components and how they work together to process information.

Uploaded by

api-281052494
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Title: Hardware and Software

Page 1 of 4

Name: ___________________
Class: ___________________
Date: ___________________

QUESTIONS/SUMMARIES NOTES:
What is software?
Software is a program or an application that is installed
on a computer so the computer can be used to write
papers, make scrapbooks, design, presentations, create
web sites, or play games
What are the two
categories of software?

Categories of software

What are the categories of


system software?

Window
s

What are the functions of


an OS?

BasicfunctionsofOS
ProvideUI
Manageprocess
Manageresources
Managememory
Providesecurity

What are functions of utility


software?

Utilitysoftwares
Veryspecifictaskanddifferfromapplicationsinsizeand
complexity.E.g.

Title: Hardware and Software


Page 2 of 4

Name: ___________________
Class: ___________________
Date: ___________________

QUESTIONS/SUMMARIES NOTES:
What are the four
categories of hardware?
What does IPOS stand for?

CategoriesofHardware
TheIPOScycleistheprocessthecomputergoesthoughto
receiveinput,,processthedata,outputadisplayoftheresults
andstoragestoretheinformationforlateruse
InputRawandunreadabledata.Mouseclick,
keyboard,touchscreenetc
Processinganexecutingprogram.Takestherawdata
andmakesitmeaningfulturningthedatatoinformation
wecanread.
OutputInformation(meaningfuldata)thatis
convertedtomeaningfulisthenoutputtoascreen,
printed
StorageCanbetemporary(volatile)orpermanent
(nonvolatile).Primary(internal)storagesuchasRAM
orsecondary(internalorexternal)storagesuchasHDD.

Difference between primary


and secondary storage?
Primarystoragehasfasteraccesstimesandrunswhile
computerison.
Informationlostonrestart.
IncludedRAM,ROM(ROMcannotbelostor.

Secondarystorage
nonvolatilesoitiskeptuntilwedeleteoroverwriteit.
Itischeaper
EG.HDD,USB,CD

Main components of
hardware in a computer?

Outputdevices
Informationismeaningful
Eg.Printers,monitordisplay,projectrors,speakers.
Insidecomputer
MotherboardcircuitboardthatCPUispartof
CPUBrainofthecomputer

Title: Hardware and Software


Page 3 of 4

Name: ___________________
Class: ___________________
Date: ___________________

QUESTIONS/SUMMARIES NOTES:
What are expansions slots HeatsinkDrawsheatawayfromCPUandotherparts
for?
RAMStoresvolatileinformation
ROMContainsstartupsoftwareandBIOS
What is the purpose of the
Expansionslotsusedforconnectinggraphicscard,network
motherboard?
cardetc

Purpose of CPU

Purpose of RAM

Examples of expansion
cards?

Is HDD volatile?

MotherboardWhatdoesitdo?Holdsandconnectall
computercomponentsandallowsthemtocommunicateallows
powertoreachallcomponentsandholdsCPUWhatarethe5
basiccomponents?RAM,CPU,inputoutputslots(USB
Ethernetetc),expansionsslots,storagedeviceconnectors
(HDDs,opticaldrives)
CPUControlsflowofinformationbetweenothercomponents
ofcomputer.ContainsALU,controlunit,mainmemory,bus.
Busisthephysicalpathinformationiscarriedalong,
RAMRAMholdscurrentlyuseddata.Volatiledata.Clock
speedisthespeeditreadsandwritesdata.RAMmeasuredin
GB,DDR4,MHz.RAMaffectsharddrivespeedsandthe
runningtimeofanapplications.
ExpansioncardsTheyareelectriccircuitboardthataddsmore
functionalitytocomputer.Weneedthemtoaddpartsthatwill
performadditionalfunctiopns.PCIPeripheralcomponents
interconnects.Videocardsprocessandsendgraphical
information,soundscardeconomicalinputandoutputofsound.
Netweorkcardallowsaccesstoanetwork.Bluetoothallows
computertosendandreceiveviaBluetooth.
HDDdatastorage,nonvolatile.Storedonstackeddiscs
whichspinfastsothedatacanbeaccessedfromanywhereon
anydrive.Atastoredmagneticallysodataremainsafterpower
off.Defragclearsunusedspacesoharddrivecanuseitfor
storingnewdata.ExternalHDDallowmorestorage,backup,
mobilityandtransferbetweendevices.HDDcapacitymeasured

Title: Hardware and Software


Page 4 of 4
QUESTIONS/SUMMARIES NOTES:
ingb/tb.

Summary/Reflection:

Name: ___________________
Class: ___________________
Date: ___________________

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