Criteria 1 2 3 4 5 SCR WT TSCR (%) Attendance & Dicipline Aim / Purpose
Criteria 1 2 3 4 5 SCR WT TSCR (%) Attendance & Dicipline Aim / Purpose
Criteria 1 2 3 4 5 SCR WT TSCR (%) Attendance & Dicipline Aim / Purpose
Criteria
Section :
Group Members:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
SCR
WT
TSCR (%)
Attendance &
Dicipline
Aim / Purpose
Purpose is identified
Relevant variables are
described
Materials
(optional)
Procedure
(optional)
Purpose is identified
Relevant variables are
described in somewhat unclear
manner
All necessary lab materials
included but not listed in any
particular order
Procedures are listed in clear
steps but not numbered and/or
in complete sentences
Data
Analysis /
Result
Discussion
Participation
(during
experiment)
Interview (for
short reports)
NAME OF LECTURER :
SIGNATURE :
DATE :
TOTAL SCORE :
Subject Code
BFC 21201
Experiment
Code
MKA 01 (a)
Experiment Title
BASIC HYDROLOGY
Section
I declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also
declare not receive or give any assistance in preparing this report and
make this affirmation in the belief that nothing is in, it is true
.
(STUDENT SIGNATURE)
NAME
MATRIC NO :.
DATE
:....
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1
1
EDITION
REVIEW NO
:
:
EFFECTIVE DATE
: 17/05/2005
AMENDMENT DATE :
17/05/2005
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, students should be able to apply the knowledge and skills they have
learned to:
a. Understand the basic terms in hydrology.
b. Understand the concept of watershed area including time of concentration
(tc) and outlet or concentration point.
c. Understand the factors which influence the runoff.
3.0 THEORY
1. Runoff is generated by rainstorms and its occurrence and quantity are dependent on the
characteristics of the rainfall event, i.e. intensity, duration and distribution. The rainfall-runoff
process is extremely complex, making it difficult to model accurately. There are, in addition,
other important factors which influence the runoff generating process like natural surface
detention, soil infiltration characteristics and the drainage pattern formed by natural flow paths.
The soil type, vegetative cover and topography play as important roles. Rainfall and runoff are
very important hydrologic components because of their direct relations with water resources
quantity, flood, streamflow and design of dam and hydraulic structure.
4.0 EQUIPMENTS
Basic hydrological instrument, stop watch and rain gauge.
PAGE NO
1/3
EDITION
REVIEW NO
:
:
1
1
EFFECTIVE DATE
: 17/05/2005
AMENDMENT DATE :
17/05/2005
5.0 PROCEDURES
Case 1: Flat and sandy soils surface profile (without slope)
Case 2: Flat and sandy soils surface with 1:100 slope profile
1. Adjust the rail at side of the catchment area to justify according the requirement for case 1 (from
upstream to downstream).
2. And then move the profile board to obtain the cross section at the upstream as in case of flat and
sandy soils surface from upstream to downstream.
3. Use the steel ruler to measure the depth (mm) of the sandy soils.
4. Switch on the pump and start the stop watch at the same time.
5. Record the discharge every 30 seconds (during the rainfall). Also record the reading from the rain
gauge (mm).
6. When the peak discharge achieved (after 6 discharge readings with same values obtained),
switch off the pump to stop the rainfall. Record the time while stop of rainfall.
7. At the same time, the discharge readings must be recorded for each 30 seconds until
the values reach nearly zero.
8. Repeat the above procedures for case 2 and case 3.
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1/3
EDITION
REVIEW NO
:
:
1
1
EFFECTIVE DATE
: 17/05/2005
AMENDMENT DATE :
17/05/2005
Case 1
Water Level
(cm)
(mm)
Case 2
Discharge
(liter/min)
(m/s)
Rain
gauge
reading
(mm)
Water Level
(cm)
(mm)
Discharge
(liter/min)
(m/s)
Rain
gauge
reading
(mm)
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3/3
1/3
EDITION
REVIEW NO
:
:
1
1
EFFECTIVE DATE
: 17/05/2005
AMENDMENT DATE :
17/05/2005
7.0 QUESTIONS
1. Plot the discharge (unit m3/s) versus time (second) graph separately from the above values
for each cases (case 1 to case 3).
2. From the graph plotted, determine: (a) Time concentration (b) Rainfall duration, (c) Peak
discharge, (d) Runoff volume, (e) Rainfall intensity and (f) Storage volume.
3. Provide a table for all the results obtained from (2) and make comparisons with case 2 and
case 3.
Prepared by:
WAN AFNIZAN WAN MOHAMED
Signature:
Date: 14 July 2008
Updated by:
SABARIAH MUSA
Signature:
Date : 14 February 2014