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Down Sampling: All All

The document discusses downsampling, upsampling, and upsampling in the frequency domain. It provides MATLAB code examples to generate and plot signals at different sampling rates to illustrate the concepts. Key points covered include downsampling a signal by keeping every Mth sample, upsampling by inserting zeros, and how upsampling in the frequency domain spreads the spectrum but maintains the same shape.

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nkncn
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
92 views

Down Sampling: All All

The document discusses downsampling, upsampling, and upsampling in the frequency domain. It provides MATLAB code examples to generate and plot signals at different sampling rates to illustrate the concepts. Key points covered include downsampling a signal by keeping every Mth sample, upsampling by inserting zeros, and how upsampling in the frequency domain spreads the spectrum but maintains the same shape.

Uploaded by

nkncn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DOWN SAMPLING

clc;
clear all;
close all;
N=50;
n=0:1:N-1;
x=sin(2*pi*n/20)+sin(2*pi*n/15)
M=2;
x1=x(1:M:N);
n1=1:1:N/M;
subplot(2,1,1),stem(n,x)
xlabel('n'),ylabel('x')
title('input sequence')
subplot(2,1,2),stem(n1-1,x1)
xlabel('n'),ylabel('x1')
title('downsampled sequence')
OUTPUT WAVEFORM

UPSAMPLING

clc;
clear all;
close all;
N=10;
n=0:1:N-1;

x=sin(2*pi*n/10)+sin(2*pi*n/5)
L=3;
x1=[zeros(1,L*N)];
n1=1:1:L*N;
j=1:L:L*N;
x1(j)=x;
subplot(2,1,1),stem(n,x)
xlabel('n'),ylabel('x')
title('input sequence')
subplot(2,1,2),stem(n1,x1)
xlabel('n'),ylabel('x1')
title('upsampled sequence')
OUTPUT WAVEFORM

UPSAMPLING IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN

clc;
clear all;
close all;
n=0:1:1023;
x=1/4*sinc(1/4*(n-512)).^2
i=1:1024;
y=[zeros(1,2048)];
y(2*i)=x
f=-2:1/512:2;
h1=freqz(x,1,2*pi*f)
h2=freqz(y,1,2*pi*f)
subplot(3,1,1),plot(f,abs(h1))
xlabel('feequency'),ylabel('magnitude')
subplot(3,1,2),plot(f,abs(h2))
xlabel('feequency'),ylabel('magnitude')
y1=[zeros(1,3072)];
y1(3*i)=x
h3=freqz(y1,1,2*pi*f)

subplot(3,1,3),plot(f,abs(h3))
xlabel('frequency'),ylabel('magnitude')

OUTPUT WAVEFORM

Find the first five terms of the inverse z transform

b=[1 2 1];
a=[1 -2 4];
n=5;
b=[b zeros(1,n-1)];
[x,r]=deconv(b,a);
disp(x)

OUTPUT:
x (0) = 1, (1) = = 4, x(2) 5, x x (3) = -6, (4) = -32

NOISE CANCELLATION
clear
close all
order=2;
size=2;
fs=8192;
t=[0:1/fs:size];
N=fs*size;
f1=35/2;
f2=99/2;

%time duration of inputs


%digital sampling frequency
%size of inputs
%frequency of voice
%frequency of noise

voice=cos(2*pi*f1*t);
subplot(4,1,1)
plot(t,voice);
title('voice (don''t have access to)')
noise=cos(2*pi*f2*t.^2);
%increasy frequency noise
%noise=.1*rand(1,length(voice));
%white noise
primary=voice+noise;
subplot(4,1,2)
plot(t,primary)
title('primary = voice + noise (input1)')
ref=noise+.25*rand;
subplot(4,1,3)
plot(t,ref)
title('reference (noisy noise) (input2)');
w=zeros(order,1);

%noisy noise

mu=.006;
for i=1:N-order
buffer = ref(i:i+order-1);
%current 32 points of reference
desired(i) = primary(i)-buffer*w; %dot product reference and coeffs
w=w+(buffer.*mu*desired(i)/norm(buffer))';
%update coeffs
end
subplot(4,1,4)
plot(t(order+1:N),desired)
title('Adaptive output (hopefully it''s close to "voice")')
OUTPUT

CROSS-CORRELATION
x=[1,3,5,7];
h=[2,4,6,8];
y=corr(x,h);
figure;
subplot(3,1,1);
stem(x);
xlabel('n->');
ylabel('Amplitude->');
title('Input sequence 1');
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(fliplr(y));
stem(h);
xlabel('n->');
ylabel('Amplitude->');
title('Input sequence 2');
subplot(3,1,3);
stem(fliplr(y));
xlabel('n->');
ylabel('Amplitude->');
title('Output sequence');
disp('The resultant is');
plot(y);

OUTPUT

EFFECT OF DOWN SAMPLING IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN

clc;
clear all;
close all;
F=input('enter the highest normalized frequency component');
D=input('enter the decimation factor');
n=0:1:1024;
xd=F/2*sinc(F/2*(n-512)).^2;
%subplot(5,1,2),stem(n,xd)
f=-2:1/512:2
h1=freqz(xd,1,pi*f);
subplot(2,1,1),plot(f,abs(h1))
xd1=F/2*sinc(F/2*(n-512)*D).^2;
h2=freqz(xd1,1,pi*f*D);
subplot(2,1,2),plot(f,abs(h2))
axis([-2 2 0 1])

OUTPUT
enter the highest normalized frequency component.25
enter the decimation factor3

OUTPUT WAVEFORM

EFFECT OF ANTI- IMAGING FILTER


clc;
clear all;
close all;
n=0:1:1023;
x=1/4*sinc(1/4*(n-512)).^2%sequence
i=1:1024;
y=[zeros(1,2048)];
y(2*i)=x%unsampled sequence
f=-2:1/512:2;
h1=freqz(x,1,2*pi*f);%frequency response of original sequence
h2=freqz(y,1,2*pi*f);%frequency response of downsampled sequence
subplot(3,1,1),plot(f,abs(h1))
xlabel('frequency'),ylabel('magnitude')
title('frequency response of input sequence')
subplot(3,1,2),plot(f,abs(h2))
xlabel('frequency'),ylabel('magnitude')
title('frequency response of upsampled input sequence')
p=fir1(127,.3);%anti imaging filter
xf=filter(p,1,y);%output sequence of anti imaging filter
h4=freqz(xf,1,2*pi*f);%frequency response of output
subplot(3,1,3),plot(f,abs(h4))
xlabel('frequency'),ylabel('magnitude')
title('frequency response of output of anti imaging filter')

OUTPUT WAVEFORM

EFFECT OF ANTIALIASING FILTER

clc;
clear all;
close all;
F=input('enter the highest normalized frequency component');
D=input('enter the decimation factor');
n=0:1:1024;
%input sequense
xd=F/2*sinc(F/2*(n-512)).^2;
f=-2:1/512:2;
h1=freqz(xd,1,pi*f);%frequency response
subplot(3,1,1),plot(f,abs(h1));
xlabel('frequency'),ylabel('magnitude')
title('frequency response of input sequence')
%checking for aliasing
if(F*D<=1)
xd1=F/2*sinc(F/2*(n-512)*D).^2;
h2=freqz(xd1,1,pi*f*D);
subplot(3,1,2),plot(f,abs(h2))
axis([-2 2 0 1]);
h2=freqz(xd1,1,pi*D)
subplot(3,1,3),plot(f*D,abs(h2))
axis([-2*D 2*D 0 1])

else
%design antialiasing filter
p=fir1(127,1/D);%filter
xf=filter(p,1,xd);
h4=freqz(xf,1,pi*f);%output of filter
subplot(3,1,2),plot(f,abs(h4))
xlabel('frequency'),ylabel('magnitude')
title('frequency response of output of antialiasing filter')
i=1:1:1024/D;
xr=xf(i*D)%output of down sampler
h5=freqz(xr,1,pi*f*D);% frequency response at the output of down sampler
subplot(3,1,3),plot(f*D,abs(h5));
xlabel('frequency'),ylabel('magnitude')
title('frequency response of output of downsampler')
end

OUTPUT
enter the highest normalized frequency component.25
enter the decimation factor5

OUTPUT WAVEFORM

AUTO-CORRELATION
clear all;
x=[1,2,3,4];
y=xcorr(x,x);
figure;
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(x);
ylabel('Amplitude->');
xlabel('n->');
title('Input sequence');
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(fliplr(y));
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('n->');
title('Output sequence');
disp('the resultant is ');
fliplr(y)

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