Historical Context
Historical Context
Historical Context
Dali created art from 1914 1983, which covers multiple wars and an exponential
growth in technology throughout the world. Dali was 37 when Pearl Harbor was attacked, and he
worked with Walt Disney when he was 42. Dali traveled a lot between the United States, Italy,
France, and Spain. I feel like Dali was a man unbound to any time period. There was so much
changing during his lifetime that his art became a representation of the constant change his life
went through.
Dali started moving toward painting Surrealism in 1928, and was discovered by
Surrealist founder Andre Breton in 1929. (Bradley, 2015). Influenced by Yves Tanguy and
Giorgo de Chirico, Dali starts painting dreamlike artworks (Bradley). In summer 1929 the
dealer Camille Goemans, Ren and Georgette Magritte, and Paul and Gala Eluard visited
Cadaqus to look at his paintings. They found him in a state of hysteria, working on Dismal
Sport, a tiny yet frantically detailed painting, which established both the hallucinatory realism of
his mature technique and the principal elements of his private cosmogony (Bradley, 2015).
With Dismal Sport Dali was officially accepted into the Surrealist movement. Eluard titled it,
and it was exhibited at Dalis first one-man show in Paris at the Galerie Camille Goemans in
November 1929 (Bradley, 2015).
Dali paints Swans Reflecting Elephants in 1937. In 1938 Hitler marched into Austria, and
one year later World War II begins. During World War II Dali gains notoriety while living in the
USA. Dali worked with Alfred Hitchcock and Walt Disney during this time as well. Dali and
Walt Disney worked on an animated short title Destino. The project was not completed until
2003. This fact alone I feel shows how forward thinking and out of time Dali was. Dali planned
an animated film that he never got to see complete, but did the artwork for it anyway. In 1948,
post-war, Dali returned to Europe and became interested in the atom. His art became about
science, religion, and art history. The work seems very different from his pre-war production
but essentially still turned around the contradiction between his desire on the one hand to
emulate the achievements of the Old Masters and on the other to pursue visual experiments
(Bradley, 2015). In 1950 the Korean War begins, and communist Chinese forces invade Tibet. In
1953, Dali is 49, DNAs double-helical structure is discovered. Dali married Gala Eluard after
she cured him of his hysteria and other psychological issues in 1956. (Bradley, 2015). She is
often blamed for his alienation from his family and for his transformation into Avida Dollars,
Bretons anagrammatic name for Dalis American, ad-man persona. He painted her repeatedly
throughout his career, and she became a vehicle for his visual experimentation (Bradley, 2015).
In 1957 Russia launches Sputnik into space. The Civil Rights Act is in 1964, and Dalis last
major exhibition was in 1979 in Paris. In 1980, Dali becomes sick with Parkinsons disease. He
painted his last artwork, The Shallows Tail, in 1983, and died in 1989.
I believe that the time period Dali lived in shaped his art and ideas. Dali lived during both
world wars, the Korean War, the Vietnamese War, and other wars. Towards the end of Dalis life
space travel became more and more possible. Dali lived during the invention of the airplane, and
saw it become a commercial success. Dali saw some of the most devastating war injuries and
tragedy, but also the biggest strides in technology and science. Living through all of that must
have affected Dali greatly, and his artwork shows this.
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