Test 6 Question Bank

Test #6 Question Bank Study Guide
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
1.The subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to the prevention and
treatment of illness is known as:
medical psychology.
neuropsychology.
health psychology.
behavioral psychology.
psychobiology.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
2.The university's psychology department and school of medicine are co-sponsoring a new
professional program that applies behavioral and medical knowledge to health and
disease. They are clearly offering a new degree in:
medical psychology.
human engineering.
holistic medicine.
behavioral medicine.
neuropsychology.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
3.The interdisciplinary field that integrates and applies behavioral and medical knowledge
to health and disease is:
medical psychology.
psychopharmacology.
psychobiology.
behavioral medicine.
holistic medicine.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
4.As a psychologist employed by a medical school, Dr. McNerney specializes in research

on the causes of stress and on the effectiveness of various techniques for coping with
stress. Dr. McNerney is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.
educational
behavioral
consumer
forensic
health
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
5.The process by which we perceive and respond to events that threaten or challenge us is
called:
stress.
psychophysiological illness.
spontaneous remission.
biofeedback.
burnout
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A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
6.A stressor is a(n):

lower back muscle that frequently produces a feeling of physical tension.
competitive, hard-driving, impatient person.
environmental event that threatens or challenges us.
exercise program designed to increase our ability to handle normal stress.
hormone released by the adrenal glands during periods of stress.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
7.Este's legs are paralyzed, but she is able to minimize the stress that the inability to walk
might have caused by viewing this handicap as a challenge rather than a threat. This
illustrates the importance of:
biofeedback.
relaxation training.
stress appraisal.
the general adaptation syndrome.
the Type A personality.
D)
E)
8.The text defines stress as:

a physiological reaction to any negative life event.
the experience of conflicting motives that produce anxiety and tension.
the process by which we appraise and cope with environmental threats and
challenges.
the blocking of an attempt to reach some important goal.
physical, emotional, or mental exhaustion.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
9.Rush hour traffic is to an upset stomach as ________ is to ________.

fight; flight
Type B; Type A
lymphocyte; macrophage
hypertension; indigestion
stressor; stress reaction
A)
B)
C)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
10.Luigi minimized the stress of testing positive for HIV by viewing this circumstance as an
opportunity for a renewed religious commitment and spiritual growth. His reaction best
illustrates the importance of:
the Type A personality.
biofeedback
stress appraisal.
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A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
11.In response to stress, the pituitary gland signals the adrenal glands to release:
cortisol.
lymphocytes.
serotonin.
telomeres.
acetylcholine.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
12.After being told that his parents have just been involved in a serious automobile accident,
Bill is likely to experience an outpouring of:
lymphocytes.
serotonin.
dopamine.
epinephrine.
leptin.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
13.After Georgiana learns that a tornado has destroyed her house, her brain probably
directed the outer part of her adrenal glands to react by:
releasing testosterone.
producing androgens.
increasing the production of lymphocytes.
producing teratogens.
secreting cortisol.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
14.Hans Selye referred to the body's response to stress as:

the fight-or-flight response.
Type B behavior.
psychophysiological illness.
resistance
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
15.The first phase of the general adaptation syndrome is:

stress appraisal.
resistance.
alarm.
exhaustion.
adjustment.
16.When Hans Selye injected rats with an ovarian hormone extract, one of the symptoms he
observed was that:
A)
their right cerebral hemispheres became enlarged.
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B)
C)
D)
E)
the number of T lymphocytes in their body increased.

their adrenal cortex shrank.
their secondary sex characteristics became exaggerated.
they developed bleeding ulcers.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
17.After overcoming the initial shock of having her car stolen, Marlys calls the police for
help and begins to question possible witnesses. At this point, Marlys is most likely in the
________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
resistance
exhaustion
fight-or-flight
adjustment
stress appraisal
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
18.Cameron, a 50-year-old electrician, opens his pay envelope and, to his surprise, finds a
pink slip inside indicating that he has been fired from his job. Which phase of the general
adaptation syndrome is Cameron most likely experiencing?
fight or flight
resistance
alarm reaction
adjustment
exhaustion
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
19.Because of poverty, unemployment, and overcrowding, residents of urban ghettos are

especially likely to experience:
enlargement of the thymus gland.
shrinkage of the adrenal cortex.
the proliferation of lymphocytes.
high blood pressure.
increased somatosensory activity.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
20.Friedman and Rosenman referred to competitive, hard-driving, impatient, and easily

angered individuals as ________ personalities.
hyperactive
problem-focused
emotion-focused
Type A
Type B
21.Who is the best example of a Type A personality?

A)
Mara, an irritable, impatient teacher
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B)
C)
D)
E)
Rashida, a highly intelligent, introverted librarian

Wilma, a friendly, altruistic social worker
Charisse, a fun-loving, self-indulgent college student
Ling Ling, a relaxed, self-employed artist
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
22.Friedman and Rosenman referred to relaxed and easygoing individuals as ________

personalities.
passive-aggressive
emotion-focused
problem-focused
Type A
Type B
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
23.Type A is to ________ as Type B is to ________.

realistic; idealistic
introverted; extraverted
bright; dull
hard-driving; easy-going
optimistic; pessimistic
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
24.Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol:

are released by the thymus and lymph glands.
accelerate the proliferation of lymphocytes.
divert blood flow from muscle tissue to the body's internal organs.
accelerate the buildup of plaques on artery walls.
decrease heart rate and blood pressure.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
25.The characteristic that most clearly contributes to the disease vulnerability of Type A
personalities is their feelings of:
urgency.
competitiveness.
ambition.
anger.
inadequacy.
A)
B)
C)
D)
26.By accelerating the buildup of plaques on artery walls, the release of stress hormones
promotes:
hypochondriasis.
atherosclerosis.
asthma attacks.
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E)
shrinkage of the adrenal cortex.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
27.Bernard is an ambitious, highly competitive corporation lawyer who recently had a heart
attack. He tends to be impatient and a perfectionist, and he gets angry over little things.
Research suggests that Bernard's susceptibility to heart attacks may be most closely
linked to his:
ambition.
anger.
impatience.
perfectionism.
competitiveness.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
28.Andrea's physician has suggested that a program of relaxation training would provide the
best treatment for her high blood pressure. The physician probably considers Andrea's
hypertension to be a(n) ________ illness.
hereditary
hypochondriacal
emotion-focused
psychophysiological
respiratory
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
29.Physical illnesses, such as hypertension and some headaches, that are not caused by an
organic disorder but instead seem linked to stress are referred to as ________ illnesses.
psychophysiological
psychopharmacological
hypochondriacal
neuropsychological
behavioral
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
30.The macrophage and lymphocytes are major agents of the:

sympathetic nervous system.
immune system.
limbic system.
parasympathetic nervous system.
homeostatic system.
A)
B)
C)
D)
31.The macrophage and lymphocytes are major agents of the:

sympathetic nervous system.
immune system.
limbic system.
parasympathetic nervous system.
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E)
respiratory system.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
32.The white blood cells that fight bacterial infections and attack cancer cells and viruses are
called:
lymphocytes.
telomeres.
teratogens.
glucocorticoids.
cortisols.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
33.After breaking up with his girlfriend, Eric came down with a severe respiratory infection.
His illness may have been caused to a large extent by a(n):
decrease in his body's production of glucocorticoids.
increase in his body's production of androgens.
decrease in his body's production of lymphocytes.
increase in his body's production of telomeres.
decrease in his body's production of steroids.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
34.Wild animals placed in zoos sometimes die shortly thereafter. These deaths are likely to
result from a(n):
decrease in the animals' production of lymphocytes.
increase in the animals' production of androgens.
decrease in the animals' production of cortisol.
increase in the animals' production of serotonin.
decrease in the animals' production of teratogens.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
35.The greatest number of deaths in Africa today result from:

heart disease.
strokes.
cancer.
AIDS.
malaria.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
36.Research on taste aversion in rats led to the discovery that suppression of the immune
system can be influenced by:
pessimism.
Type A behaviors.
elevated cholesterol levels.
classical conditioning.
biofeedback.
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A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
37.In researching taste aversion in rats, Ader and Cohen discovered that saccharin-sweetened
water was a conditioned stimulus for:
the suppression of the immune system.
the release of pain-killing endorphins.
an overproduction of acetylcholine.
a proliferation of lymphocytes.
overeating.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
38.Rats that received electric shocks were unlikely to develop ulcers if the:
shocks were systematically associated with the delivery of appetizing food.
shocks were quickly terminated by the experimenter.
rats didn't anticipate the shocks ahead of time.
rats could control the termination of the shocks.
shocks became a routine part of the rats' daily life.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
39.Elderly nursing home residents tend to decline faster and die sooner than they would
otherwise if they lack:
biofeedback.
alternative medicine.
perceived control.
Type A personalities.
central routes of persuasion.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
40.Amanda is stressed out because she thinks she's too boring socially to make friends with
her new classmates. Amanda best illustrates the debilitating effects of:
hypochondriasis.
a Type-A personality.
problem-focused coping.
a pessimistic explanatory style.
emotion-focused coping.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
41.People who laugh a lot have exhibited a lower incidence of:

cancer.
lymphocytes.
heart disease.
problem-focused coping.
self-efficacy.
42.The growth of new brain cells in mice has been found to be promoted by:
A)
acupuncture.
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B)
C)
D)
E)
biofeedback.
aerobic exercise.
the placebo effect.
the fight-or-flight response.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
43.The results of early research on biofeedback were surprising because they indicated that
people could learn to control bodily functions regulated by the:
neurotransmitters.
lymph glands.
autonomic nervous system.
cerebellum.
frontal lobes.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
44.A psychologist would most likely use biofeedback to provide clients with information
about their:
cholesterol level.
blood type.
muscle tension.
genetic makeup.
pain tolerance.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
45.Lewis has suffered from acute stress for years. He is presently learning to relax with a
device that provides him with information about changes in tension in his forehead
muscles. Lewis' case illustrates the use of:
cognitive therapy.
biofeedback.
psychoanalysis.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
46.Aviad, a 50-year-old banking executive and Type A personality, recently suffered a

serious heart attack. To prevent a recurrence, Aviad would probably benefit most from:
acupuncture therapies.
early retirement.
relaxation training.
pain control medication.
hormone therapy.
A)
B)
47.Homeopathy and herbal remedies are forms of:

alternative medicine.
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C)
D)
E)
stress management.
hypochondriasis.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
48.People are most likely to inflate their assessments of the value of alternative medicine for
the treatment of:
coronary heart disease.
lung cancer.
arthritis.
Parkinson's disease.
schizophrenia.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
49.A rewarding consequence of cigarette smoking is that it reduces:

blood pressure and heart rate.
sensitivity to pain.
mental alertness.
the release of epinephrine into the bloodstream.
feelings of depression.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
50.Smokers and nonsmokers have been found to differ in a gene that influences responses
to:
serotonin.
dopamine.
acetylcholine.
norepinephrine.
endorphins.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
51.Which of the following is most likely to interfere with one's efforts to successfully quit
smoking?
use of nicotine gum
consumption of alcohol
striving for total smoking abstinence
informing others of one's intentions to quit
beginning an aerobic exercise program
52.Although John has been obese for as long as he can remember, he is determined to lose
excess weight with a special low-calorie diet. John is likely to have difficulty losing
weight while dieting because:
A)
fat cells can be lost only with vigorous exercise.
B)
his resting metabolic rate will increase and prompt him to overeat.
C)
he has an unusually low set point for body weight.
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D)
E)
fat tissue can be maintained by fewer calories than can other body tissues.
the number of calories a person consumes daily has no effect on body weight.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
53.By dramatically reducing her daily caloric intake, Marilyn plans to reduce her normal
body weight by 10 to 15 percent. Research suggests that after three or four weeks of
sustained dieting, Marilyn will:
have a lower fat cell count.
feel an increase in pep and physical energy.
experience a decrease in her feelings of hunger.
have a lower resting metabolic rate.
have a lower set point for body weight.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
54.Although Cara has been obese for as long as she can remember, she is determined to lose
excess body weight with a low-calorie diet. Cara is most likely to have difficulty
becoming and staying thin because:
she may have a higher-than-average set point for body weight.
fat cells can be lost only with vigorous exercise.
the number of calories a person consumes daily has no effect on body weight.
lean tissue is maintained by fewer calories than is fat tissue.
her resting metabolic rate will increase and prompt her to overeat.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
55.Rudy has been on a strict diet of 1000 calories per day for the last six weeks. He lost
considerably more weight in the first three weeks of his diet than in the last three
because:
his insulin level has decreased.
his metabolic rate has decreased.
his set point has increased.
lean tissue is maintained by fewer calories than is fat tissue.
his fat cells have decreased in number.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
56.Obesity in mice has been traced to a gene for producing:

serotonin.
epinephrine.
leptin.
estrogen.
cortisol.
57.Which of the following suggestions would be the worst advice for a dieter?
A)
Minimize your exposure to tempting foods.
B)
Accompany your diet with a sustained exercise program.
C)
Avoid consumption of soft drinks and alcoholic beverages.
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D)
E)
Avoid eating during the day so you can enjoy a big meal in the evening.
Reduce your weight gradually over a period of many months.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
58.The concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of:

moral integrity.
self-consciousness.
behavioral consistency.
self-actualization.
gender identity.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
59.Mark typically responds to stress in a calm and thoughtful manner. Chandler usually
becomes agitated. The reactions of Mark and Chandler indicate that each has a
distinctive:
reaction formation.
collective unconscious.
Oedipus complex.
self-serving bias.
personality.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
60.The belief that some distressing physical symptoms could not be readily explained in
terms of neurological impairments contributed most directly to:
Allport's interest in personality traits.
Freud's interest in unconscious conflicts.
Maslow's interest in self-actualization.
Bandura's interest in personal control.
Rogers' interest in unconditional positive regard.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
61.Freud believed that certain troubling symptoms could be traced to painful unconscious
memories. This led him to suspect that these symptoms resulted from:
genetic defects.
an inferiority complex.
psychological processes.
an internal locus of control.
reciprocal determinism.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
62.Free association is central to the process of:

factor analysis.
self-serving bias.
psychoanalysis.
unconditional positive regard.
Page 12
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
63.Which of the following techniques was Freud most likely to use in an attempt to discover
the hidden conflicts underlying his patients' symptoms?
factor analysis
free association
projective testing
fixation
unconditional positive regard
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
64.In suggesting that the mind is like an iceberg, Freud was most clearly emphasizing the
importance of the:
ego.
superego.
instincts.
unconscious.
psychosexual stages.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
65.Who emphasized that slips of the tongue often reveal the personality dynamics that
contribute to psychological disorders?
Allport
Freud
Bandura
Maslow
Rogers
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
66.A psychotherapist instructs Dane to relax, close his eyes, and state aloud whatever
thoughts come to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique
known as:
fixation.
free association.
factor analysis.
hypnosis.
projection.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
67.Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be:
displaced.
projected.
preconscious.
fixated.
unconscious.
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A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
68.According to Freud, the unconscious is:

the part of personality that cannot process information.
the thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, of which we are largely unaware.
a set of universal concepts acquired by all humans from our common past.
a reservoir of deeply repressed memories that does not affect behavior.
the personality structure that abides by the reality principle.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
69.Which of the following techniques did Freud use to discover the latent content of his
patients' dreams?
fixation
factor analysis
projective testing
free association
the Barnum effect
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
70.Freud believed that ________ were the royal road to the unconscious.
projective tests
dreams
erogenous zones
psychosexual stages
hypnotic trances
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
71.When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on
his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested
that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his:
superego.
ego.
id.
Oedipus complex.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
72.Ego is to id as ________ is to ________.

unconscious; conscious
biology; morality
reality principle; pleasure principle
regression; repression
self-serving bias; self-esteem
73.When 16-year-old Hafez received a large inheritance from his grandfather, he was
tempted to purchase an expensive new car. He decided, instead, to deposit all the money
Page 14
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
into a savings account for his college education. Hafez shows signs of a:
weak superego.
weak id.
strong collective unconscious.
strong ego.
strong self-serving bias.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
74.According to Freud, the part of personality that represents our sense of right and wrong
and our ideal standards is the:
ego.
self-concept.
id.
superego.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
75.No matter how long and hard Lerae studies, she always feels she hasn't studied as much
as she should have. A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Lerae shows signs of a:
weak id.
weak ego.
weak superego.
strong id.
strong superego.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
76.Bruce wants to be a loving husband but at the same time wants to express his disgust for
some of his wife's habits. According to Freud, Bruce's ________ might enable him to
partially satisfy both desires.
actualized self
collective unconscious
superego
Oedipus complex
ego
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
77.According to Freud, understanding how the id, ego, and superego interact is essential to
grasping the nature of:
self-actualization.
the collective unconscious.
motivational conflict.
78.According to Freud's theory, the behavior of a newborn is controlled by:
Page 15
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
the reality principle.

the ego.
the superego.
the id.
anal instincts.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
79.Katrinka habitually makes nasty, hostile comments about her teachers. Freud would have
suggested that her behavior illustrates the powerful influence of the:
superego.
ego.
id.
Oedipus complex.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
80.The pleasure principle is to the ________ as the reality principle is to the ________.
oral stage; anal stage
id; superego
id; ego
Oedipus complex; Electra complex
conscious; unconscious
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
81.According to Freud's theory, the ego:

is the executive part of personality.
develops before the id.
operates on the pleasure principle.
is the major source of guilt feelings.
operates only on a conscious level.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
82.While attending college, Saeb impulsively and carelessly spends all his time and money
on wine, women, and song. Freud would have suggested that Saeb shows signs of a(n):
strong ego.
inferiority complex.
weak id.
Electra complex.
weak superego.
83.Although Garth wants to interact sexually with his girlfriend, he also wants to avoid
premarital sex. Freud would have suggested that both desires might be partially satisfied
by Garth's:
A)
ego.
B)
projections.
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C)
D)
E)
id.
superego.
Oedipus complex.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
84.During the early psychosexual stages, the id's psychic energy is focused on:
free associations.
defense mechanisms.
erogenous zones.
attributional styles.
complexes.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
85.Two-year-old Damien frequently refuses to obey his parents because he derives immense
pleasure from demonstrating his independence from their control. Freud would have
suggested that Damien is going through the ________ stage of development.
phallic
anal
genital
latency
oral
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
86.According to Freud, the most important erogenous zone during earliest infancy consists
of the:
eyes.
mouth.
bowels.
breasts.
urethra.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
87.Freud suggested that in the process of development, people pass through:

a genital stage before they enter a latency stage.
a latency stage before they enter a phallic stage.
a genital stage before they enter a phallic stage.
a latency stage before they enter a genital stage.
a phallic stage before they enter an oral stage.
A)
B)
C)
D)
88.According to Freud, children develop unconscious sexual desires for the parent of the
opposite sex during the ________ stage.
oral
genital
phallic
anal
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E)
latency
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
89.A boy's sexual desires for his mother and feelings of hostility toward his father constitute
what Freud called:
reaction formation.
the Oedipus complex.
an oral fixation.
displacement.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
90.Boris does not like chemistry, but he has chosen it as his college major simply to prove
that he is just as smart as his father, who is an outstanding chemist. A psychoanalyst
would be most likely to suggest that Boris suffers from an unresolved:
oral fixation.
free association.
external locus of control.
Oedipus complex.
projection.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
91.Freud suggested that the superego develops through the process of:
self-actualization.
fixation.
free association.
identification.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
92.Freud emphasized that unresolved childhood conflicts often lead to:

the self-reference phenomenon.
an external locus of control.
fixation.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
93.Ingrid is a married woman who pursues sexual gratification by means of kissing rather
than through sexual intercourse. According to Freud, this illustrates a(n):
Oedipus complex.
self-serving bias.
fixation.
projection.
rationalization.
Page 18
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
94.Byron is always looking to others for advice, approval, and affection. According to the
psychoanalytic perspective, Byron is most likely fixated at the ________ stage.
phallic
anal
latency
genital
oral
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
95.According to psychoanalytic theory, boys' fear of castration is most closely associated

with:
an oral fixation.
free association.
learned helplessness.
the genital stage.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
96.One night after he heard his parents arguing, 4-year-old Wei had a vivid dream in which
he saved his mother from being bitten by a large snake. A psychoanalyst would most
likely suspect that Wei's dream reflects a(n):
oral fixation.
reaction formation.
selfserving bias.
Oedipus complex.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
97.Freud suggested that the process of identification is most directly responsible for the
development of:
free association.
the superego.
erogenous zones.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
98.Freud referred to a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual

stage as:
reaction formation.
projection.
fixation.
displacement.
repression.
Page 19
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
99.Freud suggested that orally fixated adults are especially likely to exhibit:
passive dependence.
an Electra complex.
messiness and disorganization.
100.When she was 8 years old, Inge was sexually abused by her uncle. At 14, Inge felt
uncomfortable whenever she saw this uncle but was unable to understand why she felt
this way. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Inge is using the defense
mechanism of:
A)
repression.
B)
reaction formation.
C)
rationalization.
D)
regression.
E)
displacement.
101.Freud suggested that slips of the tongue illustrate an incomplete:
A)
fixation.
B)
displacement.
C)
rationalization.
D)
projection.
E)
repression.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
102.Freud would have suggested that an excessive fixation is most likely to contribute to:
reaction formation.
regression.
an Electra complex.
self-serving bias.
103.Parents who disguise hostility toward their children by becoming overly protective of
them are very likely using the defense mechanism of:
A)
projection.
B)
regression.
C)
rationalization.
D)
reaction formation.
E)
displacement.
104.The defense mechanism by which people disguise threatening impulses by attributing
Page 20
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
them to others is called:

projection.
displacement.
fixation.
reaction formation.
rationalization.
105.Mrs. Smith, who is White and unconsciously in favor of racial segregation, tells her
friends that most Blacks prefer to live in residential neighborhoods inhabited
predominantly by Blacks. According to psychoanalytic theory, Mrs. Smith best
illustrates:
A)
fixation.
B)
reaction formation.
C)
projection.
D)
displacement.
E)
regression.
106.The defense mechanism in which self-justifying explanations replace the real,
unconscious reasons for actions is:
A)
projection.
B)
reaction formation.
C)
rationalization.
D)
displacement.
E)
identification.
107.Melissa is unconsciously fearful that her husband is a better cook than she. Recently, she
refused his offer to prepare dinner because, said she, You could better spend the time
playing with our kids. Melissa's comment best illustrates:
A)
regression.
B)
projection.
C)
rationalization.
D)
displacement.
E)
reaction formation.
108.While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce, he tended to create
unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades. A psychoanalyst
would be most likely to view the professor's treatment of students as an example of:
A)
reaction formation.
B)
rationalization.
C)
displacement.
D)
projection.
E)
regression.
Page 21
109.Psychoanalytic theory suggests that the ego disguises threatening impulses and reduces
anxiety by means of:
A)
free association.
B)
self-actualization.
C)
D)
defense mechanisms.
E)
110.According to Freud, the defense mechanism that underlies all others is:
A)
regression.
B)
reaction formation.
C)
projection.
D)
displacement.
E)
repression.
111.Freud suggested that a man's inability to remember his childhood Oedipus complex
illustrates:
A)
rationalization.
B)
fixation.
C)
repression.
D)
displacement.
E)
projection.
112.Although Camile has detailed memories of her high school experiences, she remembers
very little about the boyfriend who abruptly broke off their marriage engagement.
According to psychoanalytic theory, it appears that Camile is using the defense
mechanism of:
A)
reaction formation.
B)
regression.
C)
repression.
D)
displacement.
E)
projection.
113.Coping with anxiety by retreating to behavior patterns characteristic of an earlier, more
infantile stage of development is called:
A)
fixation.
B)
projection.
C)
reaction formation.
D)
regression.
E)
displacement.
Page 22
114.For several months after he lost the job he had held for nearly 20 years, Mr. Ullomi
frequently lost his temper and suffered periodic crying spells. His behavior is most
clearly an example of:
A)
displacement.
B)
an Oedipus complex.
C)
reaction formation.
D)
regression.
E)
projection.
115.Which defense mechanism involves the conscious expression of feelings that are the
opposite of unconscious feelings?
A)
regression
B)
projection
C)
rationalization
D)
reaction formation
E)
displacement
116.A religious leader who attempts to overcome his hidden doubts with intense expressions
of spiritual certainty illustrates most clearly the defense mechanism of:
A)
reaction formation.
B)
projection.
C)
regression.
D)
displacement.
E)
fixation.
117.As her parents became increasingly more abusive toward her, Amity began, with apparent
sincerity, to emphatically express her great admiration for her parents. Amity's behavior
illustrates most clearly the defense mechanism of:
A)
regression.
B)
projection.
C)
displacement.
D)
rationalization.
E)
reaction formation.
118.Although Eduardo has repressed his own homosexual desires, he is distressed by a false
suspicion that many men frequently stare lustfully at his body. According to
psychoanalytic theory, Eduardo's thinking best illustrates:
A)
displacement.
B)
regression.
C)
projection.
Page 23
D)
E)
reaction formation.
rationalization.
119.Unconsciously motivated by miserliness, Mr. Rioja refused to send his son money to buy
the books he needs for his college courses. In defending his actions, Mr. Rioja explained
that parental financial aid prevents teenagers from developing into mature, independent
adults. Mr. Rioja's explanation is an example of:
A)
fixation.
B)
rationalization.
C)
projection.
D)
displacement.
E)
reaction formation.
120.Displacement refers to the process by which people:
A)
offer self-justifying explanations in place of real, but unacceptable, unconscious
reasons for action.
B)
consciously express feelings that are the opposite of unacceptable, unconscious
impulses.
C)
disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others.
D)
retreat to behavior patterns characteristic of an earlier stage of development.
E)
redirect aggressive or sexual impulses toward less threatening targets.
121.Shortly after receiving a traffic ticket for speeding, Fred made numerous hostile
comments to his wife about the incompetence of women drivers. Fred's comments
illustrate most clearly the defense mechanism of:
A)
reaction formation.
B)
rationalization.
C)
identification.
D)
displacement.
E)
repression.
122.Hasina was an abused child; as an adult, she is homeless and squanders any money she
can find on alcohol. Alfred Adler would have suggested that Hasina suffers from:
A)
an Electra complex.
B)
the spotlight effect.
C)
an oral fixation.
D)
feelings of inferiority.
E)
the Barnum effect.
123.Karen Horney, a prominent neo-Freudian, disputed Freud's assumption that women:
A)
have weak superegos.
Page 24
B)
C)
D)
E)
suffer an Electra complex.

often experience learned helplessness.
have stronger sexual instincts than men.
never experience a phallic stage of development.
124.Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized the influence of the collective unconscious in

personality development?
A)
Jung
B)
Adler
C)
Horney
D)
Maslow
E)
Bandura
125.Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized that personality development is strongly
influenced by feelings of inferiority?
A)
Jung
B)
Allport
C)
Horney
D)
Maslow
E)
Adler
126.Carl Jung emphasized the importance of ________ in personality functioning.
A)
social interest
B)
inferiority feelings
C)
psychosexual stages
D)
the collective unconscious
E)
unconditional positive regard
127.Celine recently had a vivid dream that was strikingly similar to an ancient but unfamiliar
religious myth. This coincidence would have been of particular interest to:
A)
Adler.
B)
Rogers.
C)
Allport.
D)
Jung.
E)
Horney.
128.Henry Murray found that children's perceptions of photographs were biased by their
previous participation in a frightening game. Their perceptual reactions most clearly
highlighted the potential value of:
A)
projective tests.
B)
free association.
Page 25
C)
D)
E)

129.Mr. Dutoit was asked by his psychotherapist to look at some ambiguous pictures and
make up a story about each. Mr. Dutoit was most likely taking the:
A)
TAT.
B)
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
C)
MMPI.
D)
Personal Orientation Inventory.
E)
Rorschach test.
130.Tests that present ambiguous stimuli designed to uncover hidden personality dynamics
are called ________ tests.
A)
empirical
B)
projective
C)
multiphasic personality
D)
factor analytic
E)
aptitude
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
131.The Thematic Apperception Test requires people to respond to:

incomplete sentences.
ambiguous pictures.
unfamiliar melodies.
meaningless inkblots.
focus questions.
132.Rona was asked by her psychotherapist to describe what she saw in 10 ambiguous
inkblots. Rona was most likely responding to a(n) ________ test.
A)
projective
B)
Thematic Apperception
C)
multiphasic personality
D)
aptitude
E)
empirically derived
133.Twelve-year-old Cawley demonstrates a strongly masculine sense of self-identity even
though he was raised without a father or father substitute. This fact represents the most
serious threat to ________ theory of personality.
A)
Maslow's
B)
Freud's
C)
Bandura's
Page 26
D)
E)
Rogers'
Allport's
134.Survivors of traumatic events, such as rape or attempted murder, are often haunted by
persistent and vivid memories of this experience. This most clearly serves to challenge
Freud's concept of:
A)
free association.
B)
C)
D)
repression.
E)
fixation.
135.Survivors' memories of Nazi death camp experiences most clearly challenge Freud's
concept of:
A)
fixation.
B)
repression.
C)
D)
E)
136.According to terror-management theory, anxiety about our own mortality motivates our
pursuit of:
A)
self-esteem.
B)
parallel processing.
C)
D)
E)
137.People who cheat on their taxes are especially likely to think many others do as well. This
false consensus effect is most similar to Freud's concept of:
A)
displacement.
B)
reaction formation.
C)
regression.
D)
projection.
E)
fixation.
A)
B)
C)
D)
138.The humanistic perspective emphasized the importance of:

self-determination.
factor analysis.
Page 27
E)
free association.
139.Which theorist emphasized that an individual's personal growth is promoted by

interactions with others who are genuine, accepting, and empathic?
A)
Allport
B)
Jung
C)
Rogers
D)
Freud
E)
Bandura
140.Mrs. Sunstedt believes that parents should accept and try to understand their children's
feelings and should honestly disclose their own inner feelings to their children. Her
approach to parentchild interaction was most explicitly recommended by:
A)
Bandura.
B)
Allport.
C)
Freud.
D)
Rogers.
E)
Jung.
141.Carl Rogers suggested that the ________ is a central feature of personality.
A)
collective unconscious
B)
Oedipus complex
C)
inferiority complex
D)
Barnum effect
E)
self-concept
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
142.Carl Rogers emphasized that a positive self-concept is promoted by:

free association.
143.Lamont has frequently been rebellious, inconsiderate, and self-centered, yet the pastor of
his local church has always accepted and respected him. The pastor's attitude toward
Lamont is most explicitly recommended by:
A)
Freud.
B)
Maslow.
C)
Rogers.
D)
Bandura.
E)
Adler.
Page 28
144.In assessing a client's personal growth, Carl Rogers measured the correspondence
between:
A)
the pleasure principle and the reality principle.
B)
ideal self and actual self.
C)
the client's values and the therapist's values.
D)
internal locus of control and external locus of control.
E)
introversion and extroversion.
145.Maslow most clearly interjected his own personal values into his study of self-actualized
individuals by:
A)
selectively studying people with qualities he admired.
B)
interpreting their flattering self-descriptions as a self-serving bias.
C)
overemphasizing the value of their loyalty to cultural norms.
D)
using projective tests to assess their motives.
E)
using free association and dream analysis.
146.Humanistic psychologists would most likely be criticized for underestimating the value
of:
A)
B)
self-serving bias.
C)
social influence.
D)
E)
individualism.
147.Morris is hostile, aggressive, and socially destructive. According to Carl Rogers, this
behavior pattern results from:
A)
B)
cultural influences.
C)
D)
inborn personality traits.
E)
148.The MyersBriggs Type Indicator classifies people according to personality types
identified by:
A)
Gordon Allport.
B)
Carl Jung.
C)
Albert Bandura.
D)
Carl Rogers.
E)
Abraham Maslow.
Page 29
149.The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator labels a person who is sympathetic, appreciative, and
tactful as a(n) ________ type.
A)
thinking
B)
judging
C)
feeling
D)
intuitive
E)
perceiving
150.The ancient Greeks suggested that there was a strong relationship between four different
personality types and:
A)
lunar cycles.
B)
brain structures.
C)
divine spirits.
D)
ocean tides.
E)
bodily fluids.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
151.Which of the following tests characteristically describes personality in flattering terms?

Rorschach inkblot test
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
MMPI
TAT
152.Martin is optimistic, impulsive, excitable, and restless. In terms of the Eysencks' basic
personality dimensions, he would be classified as:
A)
external-dependent.
B)
manic-depressive.
C)
unstable-extraverted.
D)
passive-aggressive.
E)
internal-mesomorphic.
153.Coretta is quiet, pessimistic, anxious, and moody. In terms of the Eysencks' basic
personality dimensions she would be classified as:
A)
unstable-introverted.
B)
internal-impulsive.
C)
manic-depressive.
D)
external-dependent.
E)
passive-aggressive.
154.The tendency to accept favorable descriptions of one's personality that could really be
Page 30
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
applied to almost anyone is known as:

the halo effect.
the Barnum effect.
projection.
155.Frida was informed by a professional palm reader: You generally communicate openly
with others, but you have certain dark secrets that even your closest friends could never
guess. The fact that Frida was impressed by the palm reader's insight into her
personality best illustrates:
A)
B)
the Barnum effect.
C)
D)
E)
156.In convincing people that they can accurately assess their personalities, astrologers, palm
readers, and graphologists take advantage of:
A)
B)
C)
the Barnum effect.
D)
free association.
E)
factor analysis.
157.As personality descriptions become more positive, the Barnum effect becomes stronger.
This best illustrates:
A)
B)
C)
self-serving bias.
D)
E)
attributional style.
158.A personality inventory that utilizes only those items that have been shown to
differentiate particular groups of people is called a(n) ________ test.
A)
factor analytic
B)
self-report
C)
aptitude
D)
projective
E)
empirically derived
Page 31
159.A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait
dimension of:
A)
emotional stability.
B)
extraversion.
C)
openness.
D)
agreeableness.
E)
conscientiousness.
160.A person who is helpful and trusting most clearly ranks high on the Big Five trait
dimension known as:
A)
emotional stability.
B)
extraversion.
C)
openness.
D)
agreeableness.
E)
conscientiousness.
161.Walter Mischel's studies of college students' conscientiousness revealed only a modest
relationship between a student being conscientious on one occasion and being similarly
conscientious on another occasion. According to Mischel, this should make psychologists
more cautious about emphasizing the consistency of:
A)
repression.
B)
self-efficacy.
C)
personality traits.
D)
E)
162.Sheen is usually animated and talkative when he is with his girlfriend, but he is often
quiet and reserved at home. He actively participates in many classroom discussions but
frequently seems reluctant to talk with friends at the campus coffee shop. According to
Walter Mischel, Sheen's behavior should lead us to question the consistency of:
A)
personality traits.
B)
self-actualization.
C)
D)
defense mechanisms.
E)
self-efficacy.
163.Brenda has never cheated on a psychology test, but she often does so on chemistry tests.
She recently stole some merchandise from a local store, but she also returned a lost
billfold along with $28 to its rightful owner. Walter Mischel would have suggested that
this pattern of behavior should make psychologists more cautious about emphasizing the
consistency of:
A)
personality traits.
Page 32
B)
C)
D)
E)
personal control.
defense mechanisms.
164.People's scores on personality tests often fail to predict their behavior in a real-life
situation. According to Walter Mischel, this should make us more cautious about
emphasizing the consistency of:
A)
self-efficacy.
B)
personality traits.
C)
D)
E)
self-actualization.
165.Short segments of surgeon-patient conversations were filtered to make the speech
unintelligible while preserving its intonation, pitch, and rhythm. Listeners' ability to use
this limited information to accurately assess which surgeons had been sued illustrated the
potency of the surgeons':
A)
B)
self-esteem.
C)
expressive style.
D)
self-serving bias.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
166.The humanistic perspective is to Maslow as the social-cognitive perspective is to:

Allport.
Rogers.
Adler.
Bandura.
Jung.
167.According to Bandura, reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences

among:
A)
mind, body, and behavior.
B)
thoughts, emotions, and actions.
C)
behaviors, internal personal factors, and environmental events.
D)
id, ego, and superego.
E)
learned helplessness, locus of control, and optimism.
168.Randy's substandard academic performance is both a result and a cause of his feelings of
academic inferiority. This best illustrates the importance of:
A)
self-serving bias.
Page 33
B)
C)
D)
E)
the Barnum effect.

reaction formation.
169.Analena's refusal to purchase fattening snacks at the grocery store is both a cause and a
consequence of her superior dietary self-control. This best illustrates the importance of:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
an optimistic personality.
170.Because she is often rejected by her parents, Sally mistrusts other people and treats them
with hostility, which leads to their rejection of her. This cycle of rejection, mistrust,
hostility, and further rejection illustrates what is meant by:
A)
B)
C)
the self-serving phenomenon.
D)
reaction formation.
E)
171.Because Mr. Maloney trusts his employees, he treats them very kindly. His kindness leads
them to work diligently on his behalf, which in turn increases his trust in them. This
pattern of trust, kindness, diligence, and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by:
A)
reaction formation.
B)
C)
displacement.
D)
E)
172.Because Greta is an extravert, she frequently goes to parties where she is encouraged to
laugh and socialize with her friends. Because Jim is an introvert, he frequently spends
weekends in the library where it's easy to quietly reflect and study. Greta and Jim best
illustrate what is meant by:
A)
B)
C)
D)
the Barnum effect.
E)
reaction formation.
Page 34
173.Within the framework of Bandura's reciprocal determinism, an external locus of control

refers to a(n):
A)
behavior.
B)
genetic predisposition.
C)
environmental factor.
D)
cognitive factor.
E)
defense mechanism.
174.The perception that one's fate is determined by luck reflects:
A)
B)
selfserving bias.
C)
D)
the pleasure principle.
E)
175.Sasha believes that the questions on college tests are so unrelated to course work that
studying is useless. Sasha's belief most clearly illustrates:
A)
B)
the false consensus effect.
C)
D)
E)
the Barnum effect.
176.Laura fails to recognize any connection between her unsafe sexual practices and the
likelihood of contracting a sexually transmitted infection. Laura's lack of perceptiveness
best illustrates the dangers of:
A)
free association.
B)
C)
D)
E)
177.Emma believes that she will succeed in business if she works hard and carefully manages
her time. Her belief most clearly illustrates:
A)
reaction formation.
B)
C)
D)
E)
178.An individual who perceives an internal locus of control would most likely show signs of
Page 35
a:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
weak id.
strong id.
weak ego.
strong ego.
weak superego.
179.Julio believes that no matter how hard he works, the system is so biased against his
ethnic group that he will be unable to achieve economic success. Julio's thinking most
clearly demonstrates:
A)
displacement.
B)
reaction formation.
C)
D)
E)
180.Corbett refuses to take reasonable precautions to protect his health because he believes
good health is just a matter of luck anyway. Corbett's attitude best illustrates:
A)
the Barnum effect.
B)
C)
self-serving bias.
D)
E)
181.The perception that one can strongly influence the outcome and destiny of one's own life
exemplifies:
A)
B)
C)
the reality principle.
D)
E)
182.Paula expects that diligent study will enable her to earn good grades on her tests. Paula's
belief best illustrates:
A)
self-serving bias.
B)
C)
an Electra complex.
D)
E)
183.Learned helplessness is most likely to result from:
Page 36
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
a self-serving bias.
an Oedipus complex.
184.Dogs strapped into a harness and given repeated and unavoidable shocks developed:
A)
a fixation.
B)
a reaction formation.
C)
D)
E)
unrealistic optimism.
185.Researchers have observed that the experience of repeated uncontrollable traumatic
events contributes to:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
reaction formation.
186.Veena gets poor grades no matter how hard she studies, so she has simply given up
studying. Veena's behavior most clearly reflects:
A)
B)
C)
D)
the Barnum effect.
E)
an Electra complex.
187.After experiencing inescapable brutalities as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp, Mr.
Sternberg became apathetic, stopped eating, and gave up all efforts to physically survive
the ordeal. Mr. Sternberg's reaction most clearly illustrates:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
reaction formation.
A)
B)
188.Learned helplessness is most likely to promote:

collectivism.
Page 37
C)
D)
E)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

pessimism.
189.The best indicator of a person's level of optimism is his or her:
ideal self.
gender identity.
self-esteem.
190.The trait of optimism is most closely related to a strong sense of:

A)
conditional positive regard.
B)
free association.
C)
D)
personal control.
E)
gender identity.
191.In order to assess how optimistic or pessimistic your classmates are, you would be best
advised to discover:
A)
how old they expect to be at the time of their death.
B)
what grades they anticipate receiving in future courses.
C)
how they explain their academic failures, financial setbacks, and relationship
difficulties.
D)
how much financial debt they are willing to incur in order to complete their
education.
E)
how many people they consider to be their close friends.
192.Most late adolescents perceive themselves as less vulnerable than their peers to the AIDS
virus. This best illustrates:
A)
repression.
B)
C)
reaction formation.
D)
E)
A)
B)
C)
D)
193.Unrealistic optimism could best be described as a(n):

self-serving bias.
reaction formation.
fixation.
self-reference phenomenon.
Page 38
E)
194.Sexually active undergraduate women perceive themselves as much less likely to

experience an unwanted pregnancy than other women at their university. This best
illustrates:
A)
an Electra complex.
B)
low self-esteem.
C)
displacement.
D)
E)
195.Martin Seligman advocates a positive psychology, which focuses on topics such as:
A)
optimism.
B)
projection.
C)
the Barnum effect.
D)
E)
free association.
196.The social-cognitive perspective suggests that the best way to predict a political
candidate's performance effectiveness after election is to assess that individual's:
A)
current feelings of personal control.
B)
specific political goals for the future.
C)
general feelings of optimism about the future.
D)
past performance in situations involving similar responsibilities.
E)
personality traits as revealed by the MMPI.
197.Larry studies diligently because he is haunted by an image of himself being unable to get
a job after graduation. Larry's diligence best illustrates the motivational impact of:
A)
B)
unconditioned positive regard.
C)
D)
possible selves.
E)
198.Medical students earn higher grades if they have a clear vision of themselves as
successful doctors. This best illustrates the motivational significance of:
A)
possible selves.
B)
C)
self-serving bias.
D)
E)
Page 39
199.When Professor McKay nervously began teaching a university class for the first time, he
overestimated the extent to which his students would notice that he was anxious. His
reaction best illustrates:
A)
self-serving bias.
B)
an Electra complex.
C)
D)
E)
200.Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and
performance is called:
A)
B)
self-serving bias.
C)
reaction formation.
D)
E)
fixation.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
201.Individuals with high self-esteem are more likely than those with low self-esteem to:
work persistently at difficult tasks.
experience an external locus of control.
dismiss flattering descriptions of themselves as untrue.
underestimate the accuracy of their own beliefs.
associate with people whose attitudes and personality are very similar to their own.
202.Low self-esteem is associated with:

A)
B)
self-serving bias.
C)
unhappiness.
D)
E)
extraversion.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
203.People with high self-esteem are less likely than those with low self-esteem to:
experience an internal locus of control.
overestimate the accuracy of their beliefs.
manifest self-serving bias.
succumb to conformity pressures.
have a strong ego.
204.A person whose self-esteem is momentarily threatened is especially likely to:
Page 40
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
demonstrate an independence from social pressure to conform.

criticize the shortcomings of others.
lack a clear sense of gender identity.
experience an internal locus of control.
be motivated by a desire for self-actualization.
205.By comparing themselves to members of their own ethnic group, minorities are most
likely to maintain their:
A)
self-esteem.
B)
free association.
C)
D)
E)
self-serving bias.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
206.Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates:
an Electra complex.
self-serving bias.
the Barnum effect.
207.Research on self-perception indicates that most people:

A)
suffer extensively from feelings of unrealistically low self-esteem.
B)
feel more personally responsible for their failures than for their successes.
C)
view themselves very favorably in comparison to most others.
D)
underestimate the accuracy of their beliefs and judgments.
E)
are unrealistically pessimistic about their personal future.
208.In one survey, Americans were more optimistic that they themselves would go to heaven
than would either Michael Jordan or Bill Clinton. This best illustrates:
A)
the Barnum effect.
B)
C)
D)
self-serving bias.
E)
209.Although Rolf frequently cheats on classroom tests, he justifies his behavior by
erroneously thinking that most other students cheat even more than he does. His mistaken
belief best illustrates:
A)
B)
Page 41
C)
D)
E)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
reaction formation.
selfserving bias.
210.Which of the following is most likely to be associated with high self-esteem?
the spotlight effect
an Electra complex
self-serving bias
an external locus of control
reciprocal determinism
211.The tendency to accept more personal responsibility for one's successes than for one's
failures best illustrates:
A)
reaction formation.
B)
C)
self-serving bias.
D)
E)
212.Mr. Carlson is a politician who credits his past election victories to his own effective
communication and hard work; he attributes his past election losses to factors beyond his
control. His assessments best illustrate:
A)
B)
the Barnum effect.
C)
reaction formation.
D)
self-serving bias.
E)
213.In national surveys, most business executives say they are more ethical than their average
counterpart. This best illustrates:
A)
reaction formation.
B)
C)
D)
self-serving bias.
E)
A)
B)
C)
D)
214.When people compare themselves with others, they are most likely to experience:
the Barnum effect.
high self-esteem.
Page 42
E)
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Test #6 Question Bank Study Guide

4.As a psychologist employed by a medical school, Dr. McNerney specializes in research

6.A stressor is a(n):

8.The text defines stress as:

9.Rush hour traffic is to an upset stomach as ________ is to ________.

14.Hans Selye referred to the body's response to stress as:

15.The first phase of the general adaptation syndrome is:

the number of T lymphocytes in their body increased.

19.Because of poverty, unemployment, and overcrowding, residents of urban ghettos are

20.Friedman and Rosenman referred to competitive, hard-driving, impatient, and easily

21.Who is the best example of a Type A personality?

Rashida, a highly intelligent, introverted librarian

22.Friedman and Rosenman referred to relaxed and easygoing individuals as ________

23.Type A is to ________ as Type B is to ________.

24.Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol:

shrinkage of the adrenal cortex.

30.The macrophage and lymphocytes are major agents of the:

31.The macrophage and lymphocytes are major agents of the:

35.The greatest number of deaths in Africa today result from:

41.People who laugh a lot have exhibited a lower incidence of:

46.Aviad, a 50-year-old banking executive and Type A personality, recently suffered a

47.Homeopathy and herbal remedies are forms of:

49.A rewarding consequence of cigarette smoking is that it reduces:

56.Obesity in mice has been traced to a gene for producing:

58.The concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of:

62.Free association is central to the process of:

68.According to Freud, the unconscious is:

72.Ego is to id as ________ is to ________.

the reality principle.

81.According to Freud's theory, the ego:

87.Freud suggested that in the process of development, people pass through:

92.Freud emphasized that unresolved childhood conflicts often lead to:

95.According to psychoanalytic theory, boys' fear of castration is most closely associated

98.Freud referred to a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual

them to others is called:

suffer an Electra complex.

124.Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized the influence of the collective unconscious in

unconditional positive regard.

131.The Thematic Apperception Test requires people to respond to:

138.The humanistic perspective emphasized the importance of:

139.Which theorist emphasized that an individual's personal growth is promoted by

142.Carl Rogers emphasized that a positive self-concept is promoted by:

151.Which of the following tests characteristically describes personality in flattering terms?

applied to almost anyone is known as:

166.The humanistic perspective is to Maslow as the social-cognitive perspective is to:

167.According to Bandura, reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences

the Barnum effect.

173.Within the framework of Bandura's reciprocal determinism, an external locus of control

188.Learned helplessness is most likely to promote:

an internal locus of control.

190.The trait of optimism is most closely related to a strong sense of:

193.Unrealistic optimism could best be described as a(n):

external locus of control.

194.Sexually active undergraduate women perceive themselves as much less likely to

202.Low self-esteem is associated with:

demonstrate an independence from social pressure to conform.

207.Research on self-perception indicates that most people:

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9.Rush hour traffic is to an upset stomach as is to .

23.Type A is to as Type B is to .

72.Ego is to id as is to .