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Assignment 3

This document contains Carolyn Ren's solutions to assignment problems from Nagal textbook. The problems involve determining if differential equations are linear, nonlinear, separable or neither. They also involve solving initial value problems and using the Bernoulli equation method. Key steps are shown for solving the differential equations. Solutions are provided for problems involving linear and Bernoulli equations. Initial conditions are applied to solve initial value problems.

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Shawn Deol
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views

Assignment 3

This document contains Carolyn Ren's solutions to assignment problems from Nagal textbook. The problems involve determining if differential equations are linear, nonlinear, separable or neither. They also involve solving initial value problems and using the Bernoulli equation method. Key steps are shown for solving the differential equations. Solutions are provided for problems involving linear and Bernoulli equations. Initial conditions are applied to solve initial value problems.

Uploaded by

Shawn Deol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Carolyn Ren

1/2

May 28, 2008

ME 203 Assignment 3
1. Nagal, page 54, Q1-6
Determine the following equations linear, nonlinear, separable or neither.
dx
2 dy
xt e x
cos x y
Q1. x
Q2.
dt
dx
dx 2
dy
t x sin t
y ln t
Q4. 3t e t
Q3. x
dt
dt
dy
dr
2
3
yt y
Q5. (t 1)
Q6. 3r
dt
d
2. Nagal, page 54, Q7, 9, 13, 16
Please solve the ODEs.
Q7.

dy
dx

Q13. y

e3x

y
dx
dy

Q9.
5 y3

2x

dr
d

r tan

2
Q16. ( x

1)

dy
dx

sec

x2

2 x 1 4 xy

3. Nagal, page 54, Q18, 21, 22.


Solve the following initial value problems
dy
4
4y e x 0
y (0)
Q18.
dx
3

dy
dx
dy
Q22. sin x
dx

Q21. cos x

y sin x

2 x cos x

y cos x

x sin x

y( )
4

y( )
2

15 2
32

4. Nagal, page 79, Q 22, 24, 25, 28


Use the method discussed under Burnoulli Equation to solve the following
problems.

dy
dx
dy
Q24.
dx

Q22.

e2x y3

y
x 2

5( x 2) y

1
2

Carolyn Ren

Q25.

2/2

dx
dt

x
t

tx 3

May 28, 2008

Solutions:

Nagal Page 54:


1. Linear only.
7.

16.

1 3x
e
2

2. Neither. 3. Neither. 4. Linear only.

ce x

9.

1
x

1
e
3

1
x

1 5
x
5

18.

22.

y 1 x cot x

1 4
x
2

4x

sin

x2

21.

5. Both.

c cos

13.

6. Linear

y3

cy

x c

x 2 cos x

cos x

1
sin x

Nagal Page 79:


22.

25.

1
0.5e 2 x

ce

1
t 2 ln t 2

ct 2

2x

24.

28.

x 2

c x 2 12
1

x 0.5 ce2 x

Assignment

#3

Nagal. Page 54
x2

Q1.

dy
dx

cos x

Rewrite in standard form

dy
dx

1
y
x2

1
cos x
x2

Linear only

Because it can be written in the general form

a n ( x)

dy n
dx n

a n 1 ( x)

dy n
dx n

1
1

a0 ( x) y

g ( x)

And a n (x ) , a n 1 ( x ) , , a 0 ( x ) are either constant of a function of x.

Q2.

dx
dt

xt

ex

Neither linear nor separable due to e x .

Q3.

dx
dt

Rewrite:

t2x
dx
dt

Neither due to

Q4.

3t

et

Rewrite:

sin t
sin t

1
x

t2

1
.
x

dy
dt

y ln t

dy
dt

e t ln ty

3e t t

Linear only

Q5.

(t 2 1)
dy
dt

Rewrite:

Q6.

yt

dy
dx

1 t
y
t2 1

dr
d

3r

0 , both linear and separable!

dr
d

Rewrite:

Q7.

dy
dt

3r

, linear only

e3x

Linear!

To solve, apply formula,

p( x)

p ( x ) dx

q( x)

1
1dx

e
p ( x ) dx

ex[ e

[ e

1
e x [ e2 x
2

Q9.

dr
d

r tan

p( )

tan

p( )d

e3x

p ( x ) dx

q ( x) dx C ]

e 3 x dx C ]
C]

1 3x
e
2

sec

Linear

q( )

Ce x

tan d

sec

sec

p( )d

p( )d

[ e

1
[ sec
sec

sec d

cos [tan

C]

dx
dy

2x

5y3

Rewrite:

dx
dy

2
x
y

Q13.

e
x

2
dy
y

p ( y ) dy

p ( y ) dy

[ e

y 2[ y5

( x 2 1)

e
y

5y2

4x

p ( x ) dx

y2

C]

x2

2x 1
x 1
2

q( x) 1 2

2 x 1 4 xy

4x
x

e ln y

q ( y ) dy

y 3 Cy

4x

p ( x ) dx

Linear!

C]

x2

dy
dx

Rewrite:

p( x)

C]

dy
dx

C cos

e 2 ln y

y 2 [ y 2 5 y 2 dy

Q16.

sin

q( y)

p ( y ) dy

C]

C]

5y 2

2
y

p( y)

q ( )d

x2 1

dx

[ e

e ln( x
p ( x ) dx

1) 2

q ( x ) dx

x 1
x2 1

( x 2 1) 2
C]

1
(x

(x

(x

1)

[ (x2
2

1
1)
1

Q18.

dy
dx

dy
dx

4y

4 dx

p ( x ) dx

4x

p ( x ) dx

[ e

Linear

q ( x ) dx

C]

[ e 4 x e x dx C ]
1
[ e3x
3

1 0
e
3

Ce 0

Final solution: y

4
3

e4x

C]

1
e
3

Apply initial condition:

4
3

x C]

y (0)

q( x)

p ( x ) dx

4x

x2

2 x 1)dx C ]

1 4
x
2

2x 1
dx C ]
x 1
2

2x3

1
[ x5
1) 5

4y e

p( x)

[ (x4

Rewrite:

x2

1) 2

4x

4
3

y ( 0)

1
C
3

1
e
3

Ce

4x

dy
dx

cos x

Q21.

dy
dx

Rewrite:

p( x)

e
y

tan xdx

e
p ( x ) dx

2 x cos x

y tan x

tan x

p ( x ) dx

y sin x

[ e

y( )
4

15 2
32

2 x cos x

q( x)

2 x cos x

e ln sec x

sec x

p ( x ) dx

q ( x ) dx

C]

cos x[ sec x 2 x cos xdx C ]


cos x[ x 2

x 2 cos x C cos x

C]

Apply initial condition:


2

15 2
32
2
2

2
2

Final solution: y

sin x

Q22.

p( x)

x 2 cos x

y cos x

dy
dx

y cot x

cot x

p ( x ) dx

C cos

dy
dx

Rewrite:

( ) 2 cos
4
4

16

2
2

2
2

cos x

e ln sin x

x sin x

q( x)
cot xdx

15 2
32

y( )
4

sin x

y( )
2

p ( x ) dx

p ( x ) dx

[ e

q ( x ) dx

C]

1
[ sin x xdx C ]
sin x
1
[sin x
sin x

x cos x C ]

Apply initial condition:

1
cot( ) C
2
2
sin( )
2

1 x cot x C

y( )
2

1 C

1
sin x

1 x cot x

Final solution: y

Page 79
Q22.

dy
dx

e2x y3

dy
dx

Standard form:
Compare: f ( x )

Bernoulli Equation

g ( x) y n

f ( x) y

e2x

q( x)

To solve

y3

n
Step1: divide ODE by y

y
Step2:

dy
dx

introduce v

dv
dx

2y

e2x

y1
dy
dx

(1)

y
or

dy
dx

1 dv
2 dx

1
sin x

Substitute the above formula into (1)

1 dv
2 dx

e2x

Standard form:

dv
dx

2v

2e 2 x

Linear

p ( x)

q( x)

2e 2 x

Step3: solve
p ( x ) dx

e
v

p ( x ) dx

e
e
e

2x

2x

Q24.

f ( x)

y
1

x 2

dv
dx

(1 n)

dv
dx

1
v
2( x 2)

1 n

1
x 2

1
2

1 2x
e
2

C]
1
2

C]

Ce

2x

1
1 2x
e
2

1
2

5( x 2)

Ce

2x

Bernoulli Equation

ODE becomes

(1 n)5( x 2)

5
( x 2)
2

q ( x ) dx

2e 2 x dx C ]

1 4x
e
2

q( x)
y

p ( x ) dx

5( x 2) y

x 2

Introduce v

e2x

[ e

[ e2x

Step4: replace back to y

dy
dx

2 dx

1
2

1
2( x 2 )

p( x)

p ( x ) dx

1
dx
2( x 2)

e
p ( x ) dx

5
( x 2)
2

q( x)

p ( x ) dx

[ e

ln( x 2 ) 2

q ( x ) dx

(x

2) 2 [ ( x

2) 2

( x 2)

C]

5
( x 2)dx C ]
2

( x 2) 2 [( x 2) 2

C]

2) 2

(x

Replace back to y
1

v2

Q25.

[( x 2) 2

dx
dt

Rewrite:

dx 1
x
dt t

Introduce v

x1

dv
dt

1
(1 n) v
t

dv
dt

2
)v
t

2
t

0
tx 3

1
t

f (t )

p (t )

C ( x 2) 2 ] 2

x
t

tx 3

g (t )
x

(1 n)( t )

2t

q (t )

1
2

2t

ODE becomes

C(x

2)

1
2

e
v

p ( t ) dt

e
p ( t ) dt

t 2[ t

t 2 [ln t 2

2
dt
t

[ e

p ( t ) dt

C]

C]

t 2 ln t 2

1
2

q (t ) dt

2tdt

Replace back to x
x

t ln t 2

Ct 2

Ct 2

C]

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