Grammar Answers

1
COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
S/V AGREEMENT
The pieces it has on exhibit at the gallery represent the time when the artist focused on
landscapes.
A) on exhibit at the gallery represent the time when
B) that it, the gallery, is exhibiting represent the time of
C) being exhibited at the gallery represents the time while
D) exhibited at the gallery representing the time when
E) it has on exhibit at the gallery represent the time when
For weeks, the stores most popular items were marked down so low that customers thought they
was priced incorrectly.
A) were marked down so low, so customers thought they has been
B) were marked down so low that customers thought they was
C) was marked down so low; so customers thought of it as
D) was (were) marked down so low that customers thought they were
E) was marked down so low that customers thought they was
Although no one knows why certain flights crash, most believe that improper maintenance and
lack of pilot awareness adds to these tragedies.
A) pilot awareness has been adding
B) pilot awareness adds
C) pilot awareness add
D) pilot awareness, they add
E) pilot awareness, adding
The drawings left by early cavemen provide archaeologists with their main source of knowledge
A
B
C
About (of) ancient life. No error
D
E
For months, one of the shows main actors were appearing in episodes so irregularly that fans
feared she was leaving the series.
A) was appearing so irregularly that fans feared she was
B) was appearing so irregularly; fans feared she to be
C) was appearing very irregularly; so fans fearing she was
D) were appearing so irregularly that fans feared she has
E) were appearing in episodes so irregularly that fans feared she was
As technology advances, weather forecasters maintaining that they will be able to pinpoint storm
origins by comparing the conditions to previous weather events.
A) maintain that they will pinpoint storm origins and
B) maintaining that they will be able to pinpoint storm origins by
C) maintains that pinpointing storm origins by
D) maintain that they will be able to pinpoint storm origins by
E) maintaining that they, able by pinpointing storm origins and
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
2
One of the newest computers were sold for such a low price that customers thought something
must be wrong with it.
A) was sold for such a low price that customers thought something must be
B) were sold for such a low price that customers thought something must be
C) was sold for such a low price that customers thought something must have gone
D) was sold for such a low price that customers thought something must have been
E) was sold for such a low price, so customers thought of it as something must be
Learning the customs of a foreign exchange student is recommended to the host family
A
B
who want to learn from their (its) newest temporary family member. No error
C
D
E
The double-edged spear of the warriors, each marked by the clan blacksmith,
A
B
were sharpened before the clan left for battle. No error
C
D
E
The regularly scheduled meeting between my psychologist and me is set for next week, but an
A
B C
episode with my mother forces me to call and make an earlier meeting. No error.
D
E
He said that the elected official is having to follow the peoples will, whereas the appointed
A
B
official attempts to follow the governments will through self-direction. No error
C
D
E
Roadways through a mountainous region presents challenges to drivers that differ greatly from
A
B
C
those found on flat land. No error
D
E
Dog psychology, a type of study that investigates the reasons for the behavior of dogs, help dog
A
B
trainers both teach their animals and stop dogs from attacking people. No error
C
D
E
While the details of the sale has not yet been made public, its likely that the board of directors
A
B
accepted the offered amount for their company. No error
C
D
E
Studies of many insects reveal that the most successful in the fight to mate are those which
A
B
C
are most attractive to the opposite gender. No error
D
E
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
3
Many employees, and the boss himself, has taken vacation to commemorate the anniversary
A
B
C
of the passing of their parents. No error.
D
E
Both his work with the poor and his service to the community has gained Mr. Picard the
A
B
respect of the whole volunteer organization. No error
C
D
E
In the past, the business had been dedicated to hourly pay for junior employees, a business plan
A
under which upper management, rather than the workers, benefits the most. No error
B
C
D
E
Even though our appointments are completely booked, the managers always finds us more work
A
B
for that days schedule as if it were wide open. No error
C
D
E
Maries seemingly endless books, written via the use of speech-to-text software, continues to
A
B
C
achieve high praise among those who read them. No error.
D
E
Knowledge of emergency exits are required for teachers as well as school staff. No error.
A
B
C
D
E
The benefits of drinking water every day is increasingly reported.
A) is more and more reported
B) is increasingly reported
C) are increasing in better reports
D) has increased in better reports
E) are increasingly reported
The companys marketing difficulties, already difficult by falling sales, threatens to become even
worse as new competitors enter the market.
A) having been made difficult by falling sales, threatens
B) already made more difficult by falling sales, threaten
C) after having been made difficult by falling sales, threatens
D) already make difficult by falling sales, threaten
E) already made difficult by falling sales, threatens
The amount of recognition given this decade to astrophysicists stress the significant strides being
A
B
C
made in the study of the universe. No error.
D
E
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
4
The movie follows a man whose fixation with marrying his co-worker are ridiculous. No error.
A
B
C
D
E
The films many explosions and incomprehensible dialogue give the viewer confusion.
A) give one confusion in the viewing of it
B) give the viewer confusion (awkwardly written but grammatically OKAY)
can be confusing to viewers OR are confusing to viewers (BETTER)
C) confuse the one who is viewing
D) gives one confusion in viewing it
E) gives confusion to the one who views it
Experts believe that the changes in education has not managed to help the large number of
A
B
children who need help up to the level that they require to excel in college. No error.
C
D
E
The managers constant inspections and demands are not, despite what her employees may think,
A
part of a plot to withhold raises from those who deserve them. No error.
B
C
D
E
The use of tracking software in the areas of management have increased the efficiency of
A
B
C
shipping and many other processes as well. No error
D
E
TENSE
Fortunately, the hiring of a new project manager, previously scheduled for next year, would be
A
B
C
done sooner thanks to additional funding. No error.
D
E
More people will have eaten the chicken Caesar salad if the chef has put more chicken on it than
A
B
C
D
he did. No error.
E
In the days of the famine, compassionate royals would sometimes have thrown food out of their
A
B
C
carriages in poor villages. No error.
D
E
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
5
Because she is absent when the committee voted against the proposal, Melissa is interested
A
B
C
about hearing who voted for it and who voted against it. No error
D
E
After standing outside during the freezing temperatures, the people were as cold as if waiting in
the tundra.
A) if they had waited
B) have waited
C) if they would have waited
D) if from waiting
E) if waiting
Several months after the programs objectives are met, the steering committee will be
A
dissolved when it meets in its entirety for the final time. No error
B
C
D
E
Written by an expert in the field, the essay on fantasy novels explaining how stories
A
B
evolved from oral accounts in the centuries following the invention of writing. No error.
C
D
E
The man wonders what his boss meant when he talked about a raise because most of the
A
B
C
employees having been through their evaluation. No error
D
E
Because the blizzard had made the city inaccessible to ground vehicles and airplanes alike,
A
B
we had rented a hotel room to wait for the weather to clear. No error
C
D
E
Exploring outdoors on his own, Seth discovered in the woods behind his house a clearing
A
B
soon becoming an important place for he and his friends to play. No error
C
D
E
One influence on Clares largest painting, completed more than 5 years after it has been
A
B
C
finished, was the two children she raised on her own. No error
D
E
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6
Many admire Julia Child for her detailed instructions for different dishes such as pasta
A
B
Primavera; few have heard the rumors that she spies for the United States while in France.
C
D
No error.
E
When those who were watching the air show from the ground expected the best, the pilots
A
B
themselves are the most nervous. No error
C
D
E
Before she hurt her ankle, Jamie spends much of her weekend participating in sporting events,
A
B
C
especially basketball and softball. No error.
D
E
After the vote in January that has led to the establishment of a wet county, many who lived in
A
B
C
neighboring counties decided to visit in hopes of purchasing beer there. No error.
D
E
The elevator was broken, so by the time Michael finally got to the seventeenth floor, the nurse
A
looked for him for ten minutes, annoying the entire room full of patients who were on time for
B
C
D
their appointments. No error.
E
The employees assumption that their new boss Robin was a woman being unfounded, for the
A
B
receptionist described the person she had seen entering the office as a man with a beard.
C
D
No error.
E
Although born in Nebraska, Clark grew up in Hawaii, where, like most young boys his age, he
A B
had learned to surf some of the largest waves. No error.
C
D
E
For the past year or so, Colorado was a kind of social experiment in which Americans have been
A
B
C
examining the effect of legalized marijuana. No error.
D
E
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7
Stories say that some ancient Greek astronomers using calculations to determine the existence of
other planets anticipating the invention of the telescope.
A) used calculations to determine the existence of other planets, a technique anticipating
B) using calculations to determine the existence of other planets and anticipate
C) used calculations determining the existence of other planets, so anticipating techniques of
D) using calculations and determining the existence of other planets, they anticipated
E) using calculations to determine the existence of other planets anticipating
Mr. Little Bear and his grandchildren spoke traditional Cherokee together so that they would be
learning a language that was slowly dying out.
A) will be learning
B) would be learning
C) would learn
D) were learnt to
E) will learn
Chad often looked to poetry books while he was writing; whenever he read a new form in
A
B
writing class, he seeks out the work of poets who had used it in their works. No error.
C
D
E
Mr. Barkley has removed the fence between his house and his neighbors, allowing their dogs to
play together daily.
A) removed
B) has removed
C) removes
D) removing
E) having removed
After he had swam several miles in a very short amount of time, he was named the fastest
A
B
person to complete the race in its history. No error.
C
D
E
As she walked down the aisle with her father, he is turning to her to whisper that he loves her.
A) turns to her and is whispering
B) would turn and whisper to her
C) is turning to her to whisper
D) turns and also whispers to her
E) turned to her and whispered
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
8
Although Doctor Brown did much of the main research, he refused to accept a patent for the
items he invented nor otherwise profiting from their later use.
A) designed or otherwise profited
B) had invented nor otherwise did he profit
C) invented nor otherwise profiting
D) had designed or otherwise to profit
E) has invented nor otherwise to have profited
After the meeting between the two CEOs, they believed they had come up with a plan that would
have ensured an easy merger.
A) will ensure an easy merger
B) would have ensured an easy merger
C) had ensured an easy merger
D) would ensure an easy merger
E) ensures an easy merger
PRONOUN
When Cindy and Laura ate at the caf, she realized the menu was altered and that their desired
cuisine was no longer available.
A) Laura realized the menu was altered.
B) Laura realized the menu was changing
C) she realizes the menu was altered
D) Laura realized that the menu was altered
E) she realized the menu was altered
The author felt that, if you portrayed past events in novels it would have a lasting effect on
readers.
A) with the events of the past portrayed in novels they
B) by portraying past events in novels
C) you portrayed past events in novels
D) portraying past events in novels
E) events which were portrayed in the past in novels
When someone buys from a catalog or online, you will be adhering to a practice begun by the
early settlers, who bought mostly everything from overseas.
A) it adheres
B) you will adhere
C) he or she adheres
D) you will be adhering
E) it is adhering
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
9
The mayors daughter said that she had determined she would not seek reelection, even though
there is still a good deal to do to enhance the downtown neighborhood.
A) she had determined she would not seek reelection
B) it was determined about her not seeking reelection
C) her mother had determined she would not seek reelection
D) the determination was that her mom would not seek reelection
E) she decided she didnt want to seek reelection
Hardly any matters of civic guidelines are as likely to incite extensive curiosity as that
A
B
C
concerning potential hazard to the wellbeing or security of kids. No error
D
E
When a government bureau supported the use of top-level recycled office paper, they facilitated
A
B
a boost of the accessibility of writing paper and envelopes made from recycled paper. No error
C
D
E
Prior to boarding, travelers must purchase his or her boarding pass in the main lobby of the
A
B
C
airport terminal because boarding passes are not sold on the airplane. No error
D
`
E
One of the most popular books of 2013, Fifty Shades of Grey was originally written as a Twilight
A
B
fan-fiction piece, but the publishing company changed the characters prior to publication
to avoid conflict with one of their most successful series. No error
C
D
E
The school has introduced color coded bathroom signs because the younger students can respond
A
to this more easily than to written ones. No error
B
C
D
E
Because of their nearly indestructible nature, the robot can leap down large distances as well as
A
B
C
jump across great chasms. No error
D
E
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
10
MOD
As a student in high school, Maria developed an interest in painting, which eventually led to her
decision to study drawing in college.
A) Maria developed an interest in painting, which eventually led to
B) Marias interest in painting developed seriously and eventually led her to
C) where Maria developed a serious interest in painting, eventually leading her to
D) Maria devoted a serious interest in painting, having led her eventually to a
E) where she developed a interest in painting, Maria, as a result, eventually went on to
The Chinese Empire, often by questionable means, attempted to bring their version of
government to villages throughout Asia.
A) The Chinese Empire, often by questionable means, attempted to bring their
B) The Chinese Empire was often questionable in its means in its attempts to bring its
C) Using means that are often questionable, the Chinese Empire, in attempting to bring its
D) Questionable means were often used by the Chinese Empire, in attempting to bring its
E) Often by questionable means, the Chinese Empire attempted to bring its
The ambassadors coming this far, they decided to insist that they meet with the king before
leaving the country.
A) The ambassadors coming this far, they
B) They, coming this far, the ambassadors
C) Having come this far, the ambassadors
D) To come this far, the ambassadors
E) The ambassadors came this far, so that they
Having thought the schedule through with some care, that the board of directors did not
understand her order of events frustrated the CEO extremely.
A) that the board of directors did not understand her solution frustrated the CEO extremely
B) the CEOs extreme frustration resulted from the board of directors not understanding her
solution
C) The CEOs frustration at the board of directors failing to understand her solution was
extreme
D) The CEO was extremely frustrated by the board of directors failure to understand her
solution
E) the board of directors failing to understand her solution was an extreme frustration to the
CEO
Rainbow Warehouses, a shipping company, is acquiring Lift-and-Go Vehicles, it manufactures
forklifts.
A) Lift-and-Go Vehicles, it manufactures
B) Lift-and-Go Vehicles, which manufactures
C) Lift-and-Go Vehicles, manufacturing
D) Lift-and-Go Vehicles; it is manufacturing
E) Lift-and-Go Vehicles; for the manufacturing of
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
11
Being as she is a gifted artist, Carol is great at remembering the details of a scene.
A) Being as she is a gifted artist
B) In being a gifted artist
C) A gifted artist
D) Although she is a gifted artist
E) Painting pictures giftedly
The soldiers, coming this far, they did not want to leave without completing their mission
A) The soldiers, coming this far, they
B) Coming this far, the soldiers felt they
C) Having come this far, the soldiers
D) To come this far, the soldiers
E) The soldiers came this far, so that they
American Inventor Nikola Tesla, the first person to build a wireless controlled vehicle, doing it
around the same time Thomas Edison invented many of his famous devices.
A) Nikola Tesla, the first person to build a wireless controlled device, doing it
B) Nikola Tesla, the first person who built a wireless controlled device, and who did so
C) Nikola Tesla became the first person to have built a wireless controlled vehicle and did it
D) Nikola Tesla became the first person to build a wireless controlled vehicle,
accomplishing this feat
E) Nikola Tesla was the first person building a wireless controlled vehicle, the feat was
accomplished
Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian polymath, whose renown as a pioneer in a number of areas rivals
that of Michelangelo.
A) Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian polymath, whose renown as a pioneer
B) Leonardo da Vinci, who was an Italian polymath and whose renown as a pioneer
C) An Italian with renown as a polymath pioneer, Leonardo da Vinci
D) Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian polymath whose renown as a pioneer
E) An Italian, Leonardo da Vinci who was a polymath pioneer and whose renown
As a writer, Elie Wiesel has enriched the world of literature, he uses as his works inspiration his
time spent in concentration camps during World War II.
A) Weisel, enriching the world of literature, with works inspired by
B) Weisel has enriched the world of literature with works inspired by
C) Weisel enriches the world of literature through works that had the inspiration of
D) Weisel has enriched the world of literature, he uses as his works inspiration
E) Weisel, who has enriched the world of literature by works whose inspirations are
Traveling down the river, the scenery of plants and animals, which we photographed, was
beautiful.
A) we photographed the beautiful scenery of plants and animals
B) the scenery of plants and animals, which we photographed, was beautiful
C) the plants and animals were the beautiful scenery we photographed
D) what we photographed was the beautiful scenery of plants and animals
E) we photographed the scenery of plants and animals, being beautiful
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
12
After living in cold climate, it was only when I moved for my new job that I realized how nice
living in a warm location could be.
A) I did not realize how nice life in a warm location could be until I moved for my new job
B) nice life in a warm location was unrealized by me until I moved for my new job
C) moving for my new job made me realize how nice life in a warm location could be
D) when I moved for my new job I then realized how nice life in a warm location could be
E) it was only when I moved for my new job that I realized how nice living in a warm
location could be
Dressed in a tailored suit and tie, it reflected the professional manner of the salesman as he met
with representatives of the company.
A) Dressed in a tailored suit and tie, the professional manner of the salesman was reflected
B) The tailored suit and tie of the salesman, a reflection of his professional manner
C) The tailored suit and tie of the salesman reflected his professional manner
D) Dress in a tailored suit and tie that reflected the professional manner of the salesman
E) Dressed in a tailored suit and tie, it reflected the professional manner of the salesman
While driving down the highway, the restaurant with the bright yellow roof and blue door
attracted Marks attention.
A) the restaurant with the bright yellow roof and blue door was attractive to Marks attention
B) Mark was attracted to the restaurant with the bright yellow roof and blue door
C) the restaurant with the bright yellow roof and blue door attracted Marks attention
D) Marks attention was attracted by the restaurant with the bright yellow roof and blue door
E) the restaurant having a bright yellow roof and blue door attracted the attention of Mark
Because of repeatedly asking in vain for a glass of water, James got up and walked out of the
restaurant without ordering.
A) While he repeatedly asked in vain for a glass of water,
B) Repeatedly asking in vain for a glass of water, finally
C) Because of repeatedly asking in vain for a glass of water,
D) He has repeatedly asked in vain for a glass of water, then
E) After repeatedly asking in vain for a glass of water,
Though now one of the most famous performers, people once mocked Kristen Chenoweth for
her voice and short stature.
A) Kristen Chenoweth, having once been mocked by people
B) people once mocked Kristen Chenoweth
C) Kristen Chenoweth was once mocked by people
D) people once were mocking Kristen Chenoweth
E) Kristen Chenoweth once mocked by people
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
13
While walking through the streets of New York City, that was when Jamie developed an interest
in advertising.
A) an interest in advertising developed in Jamie
B) that was when Jamie developed an interest in advertising
C) Jamies interest in advertising developed
D) then the development of Jamies interest in advertising took place
E) Jamie developed an interest in advertising
The new guidelines have so complicated the process of applying for financial aid to where no
one in the Admissions Office is sure how to explain the paperwork.
A) aid as
B) aid, therefore
C) aid to where
D) aid that
E) aid, even
Although criticized by several for her methods, most employees viewed the new CEO as a
talented leader.
A) most employees viewed the new CEO to be a talented leader
B) most employees viewed the new CEO as a talented leader
C) the new CEO, a talented leader in the view of most employees
D) the new CEO was viewed by most employees at a talented leader
E) a talented leader was what most employees viewed the new CEO as
Moving to Egypt after college, her autobiography focuses on G. Willow Wilsons conversion to
Islam.
A) the subject of her autobiography is G. Willow Wilsons conversion to Islam
B) her autobiography focuses on G. Willow Wilsons conversion to Islam
C) G. Willow Wilsons conversion to Islam is the subject of her autobiography
D) G. Willow Wilson, who converted to Islam, focuses this in her autobiography
E) G. Willow Wilson focuses on her conversion to Islam in her autobiography
Of all the businesses represented at the job fair, the Department of Corrections was the only one
to present Donna with a job she felt qualified for.
A) the Department of Corrections only presented
B) the Department of Corrections presented the only
C) making the Department of Corrections the only one to present
D) the Department of Corrections was the only one who presented
E) the Department of Corrections was the only one to present
Having Marie as their waitress and a new shift manager (John as their shift manager) helped
them receive much better service than the last time they ate at the restaurant.
A) To be waited on by Marie
B) Having the service of Maries
C) Having Marie as their waitress
D) The service of Marie
E) Marie as their waitress
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
14
Readers going through submissions for editors have led to a flood of quality manuscripts, and it
has changed how the company published works.
A) so many quality manuscripts that they have
B) a flood of quality manuscripts, and it has
C) so many quality manuscripts; it is, therefore
D) a great number of quality manuscripts, and that is
E) so many quality manuscripts, which they have been
The paths end having been reached, the hikers turned around and started walking back home.
A) When having reached the paths end
B) The end of the path being reached
C) The paths end having been reached
D) When they reached the paths end
E) At the paths end, when they reached it
In the belief that diet pills will make her thinner, Amy will spend hundreds on them every month.
A) every month will find Amy spending hundreds on them
B) Amy would spend hundreds on them every month
C) Amy will spend hundreds on them every month
D) they cost hundreds of dollars every month from Amy
E) hundreds on them every month are spent on them by Amy
Crying because she had misplaced her toy, the job for the girl now was convincing her mother to
buy her a new one.
A) girl now faced the job of
B) girls job now was
C) job for the girl now was
D) girl nevertheless now faced the job of
E) girl now facing the job of
One of the first to see the talent in Amy Acker, Joss Whedon, was the creator of Angel, casting
Acker in the television series.
A) the creator, Joss Whedon, cast at Angel
B) Joss Whedon, was the creator of Angel, casting
C) Joss Whedon who created Angel and cast
D) Joss Whedon created Angel who cast
E) Joss Whedon, the creator of Angel, cast
Convincing even the least ambitious students to spend hours studying, the effect of the teachers
reward system is to increase test scores.
A) the reward system, by the teacher, has effect in increasing test scores
B) teacher increases test scores with a reward system (grammatically okay)
Jenna does a great job in helping students improve their test scores with her unique
reward system in the movie Angel in District 101 (better)
C) the effect of the teachers reward system is to increase test scores
D) the teacher has had the effect of increasing test scores with a reward system
E) the effect of the reward system, by the teacher, is to increase test scores
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
15
The junior karate tournament, held in Bay City, was won by a high school senior named Mark,
and there were four Mark victories and no defeats.
A) Mark, who had four victories and no defeats
B) Mark, and there were four Mark victories and no defeats
C) Mark; it was won by four victories and no defeats
D) Mark, who was victorious four time and no defeats
E) Mark, having four victories with no defeats
When (IF) asked to pick a TV series that ran for years, The Simpsons would be the choice for
many, no matter what types of shows are actually preferred.
A) many people, no matter what types of shows they actually prefer, would choose The
Simpsons (IF = conditional => would)
B) The Simpsons will be chosen by many people, no matter what types of shows they
actually prefer
C) the choice for many people, whatever types of shows they actually prefer, would be The
Simpsons
D) The Simpsons would be the choice for many, no matter what types of shows are actually
preferred
E) Many (?), who actually preferred different types of shows, chose The Simpsons (but)
The schools Asian-American alliance was created to encourage every student to be true to his or
her heritage.
A) alliance, which being created
B) alliance was created
C) alliance, creating
D) alliance is created
E) alliance, created
Serving as phones, web browsers, and more, smartphones, they are increasingly useful.
A) smartphones, they are useful
B) smartphones, they are increasingly useful
C) their usefulness has increased
D) smartphones are increasingly useful
E) they have become more useful
Its hard for some people to believe that reading was at one time believed (to be) unnecessary
to (by) some (?), but it has since been seen as vital. (TRICKY)
A) some, but it is now seen as vital
B) some, but it has since been seen as vital
C) some (schools) that have since been seen as vital (admitted its importance)
D) some, since being seen as vital
E) some, and have since been seen as vital
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
16
A news crew was sent to Roswell to check a farmers claiming he had seen a flying saucer.
A) the farmer claim saying
B) a farmers claiming
C) the claiming of a farmer
D) the claim of a farmer that
E) that a farmer who claimed
Before scheduling vacation for next month, Jeffs time off must be approved by his supervisor.
A) his supervisor must approve the time off of Jeff
B) Jeffs time off must be approved by his supervisor
C) the time off of Jeff must be approved, and by his supervisor
D) approval of Jeffs time off must be given by his supervisor
E) Jeff must have his time off approved by his supervisor
Because Alaska is located so far north, this causes it to have long periods of night.
A) north is the reason why it has long periods of night
B) north, this accounts for its receiving long periods of night
C) north, this causes it to have long periods of night
D) north, it causes long periods of night.
E) north, the distance from the sun causes long periods of night
The digital age has created an international business world, this condition making executives to
focus more on the overseas markets and how they affect sales.
A) a condition making executives to focus
B) which is the reason of executives focusing
C) this making executives focus over
D) this condition making executives to focus
E) and with it executives focus on
To help reduce pollution in the local water supply, restrictions having been implemented by the
local city council on the amount of waste companies can dump into the river.
A) the local city council has set restrictions
B) the local city council set restrictions
C) restrictions having been implemented by the local city council
D) restrictions have been set by the local city council
E) restrictions set by the local city council
Lacking good directions, his wrong turns in driving to the restaurant were many.
A) he drove to the restaurant with many wrong turns
B) there were many wrong turns in driving to the restaurant
C) his wrong turns in driving to the restaurant were many
D) his drive to the restaurant was done with many wrong turns
E) he made many wrong turns driving to the restaurant
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
17
Carried by the current, the spilt oil caused environmental damage that spread to a large area.
A) environmental damage from the spilt oil
B) the spilt oil caused environmental damage that
C) there was environmental damage from the spilt oil and it
D) environmental damage from the spilt oil that
E) the oils spill caused environmental damage that
PARALLELISM
Actors should strive to be true to the character but with their goal to make the audience
sympathize and understand them.
A) aiming at the same time to make
B) should also make
C) with their goal to make
D) its goal should also be in making
E) also trying to make
The change from traditional publishing to e-books is because readers are buying fewer
paperbacks and becoming more enamored with technology.
A) is occurring because readers are buying fewer paperbacks and becoming
B) is because readers are buying fewer paperbacks and becoming
C) occurs because of readers buying fewer paperbacks and become
D) is because of readers buying fewer paperbacks and their becoming
E) is caused from readers buying fewer paperbacks and in addition become
The change in leadership has been influenced by recent economic troubles and because the
senators have lost faith in the chancellor.
A) by senators which have lost faith
B) because the senators have lost faith
C) loss of faith
D) because of the loss of faith
E) losing faith
At the beginning of the musical Les Miserables, Jean Val Jean has been released from prison and
taking refuge with a priest.
A) a priest that is his refuge
B) has taken refuge with a priest
C) taking refuge with a priest
D) being with the priest
E) a priest
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
18
According to scientific theory, everything is connected because what any molecule does would
have an effect on other molecules.
A) connected because it has an effect on what other molecules do
B) connected because what any molecule does would have an effect on other molecules
C) connected, and the reason is the effect a molecules actions have on other molecules
D) connected, a molecules actions having an effect on other molecules
E) connected because what molecules do affects other molecules
The attorney won the case not only because he put up a great defense but also he spoke
passionately of the history of freedom in this country.
A) being a passionate historian
B) (BECAUSE) he spoke passionately of the history
C) speaking passionately about the history
D) having spoken a passionate history
E) as a passionate historian
Its hard to find work in some industries because of downsizing of departments, jobs being
outsourced, and automation of some positions
A) the downsizing of departments, outsource of their jobs, and automation of their positions
B) of downsizing of departments, jobs being outsourced, and automation of some positions
C) the departments are downsized, their jobs are outsourced, and their positions are
automated
D) because downsized departments, jobs being outsourced, and automation of some
positions.
E) of the departments being downsized, their jobs outsourced, and automating of some
positions
Designing an effective program, finding potential partners, and, above all, the securing of a grant
are the challenges faced by the committee.
A) securing a grant is
B) the security of a grant are
C) to secure a grant is
D) securing a grant are
E) the securing of a grant are
People tend to like those who agree with their own beliefs, and it is rare for respect to be given to
those who dont.
A) beliefs, and they rarely show respect
B) beliefs, and it is rare for respect to be given
C) beliefs, and respect being rarely given
D) beliefs, although rarely showing respect
E) beliefs, they are rarely respectful
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
19
A person who has high intelligence or is fairly persistent can figure out how to make a website.
A) is highly intelligent or fairly persistent
B) has high intelligence or is fairly persistent
C) has either high intelligence or else persistent in reasonable amounts
D) has high intelligence or else fair amounts of persistence
E) is highly intelligence or who has fair persistence instead
Today, more and more people are working as computer programmers, app developers, internet
technicians, or other IT professions.
A) or at work in other IT professional fields
B) or other IT professions
C) or professionals in other IT fields
D) or in other professional IT fields
E) or they work in other IT professions
By using solar panels, reliance on fossil fuels are reduced, and tons of dangerous fumes are kept
out of the air.
A) Using solar panels reduces fossil fuel reliance and keeps tons of dangerous fumes
B) By using solar panels, reliance on fossil fuels are reduced, and tons of dangerous fumes
C) By using solar panels, it reduces reliance on fossil fuels, and tons of dangerous fumes are
kept
D) Solar panels, when used, reduce fossil fuel reliance, and also tons of dangerous fumes are
kept
E) When solar panels are used, they reduce fossil fuel reliance, and it keeps tons of
dangerous fumes
The most impressive part of the haunted house was the graveyard, in which there were fog, and a
zombie was made to walk down the path.
A) fog, and a zombie was made to walk
B) fog in where a zombie walks
C) fog and making a zombie walk
D) fog and make a zombie walk(ing)
E) fog, with the result being a zombie walking
No one is more sadder than she is that he missed the wedding.
A) more sad like herself
B) more sad than she
C) sadder than her
D) sadder but she
E) as sad like she is
NOTE: SADDER is technically correct but not often used on the SAT. Also, it is
important to note that GOOD and BAD - which are irregular - cannot end with -ER
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
20
Doing a meeting with the clients, the marketing manager mentioned that their product
demonstrates considerable innovation in design and to promote green practices.
A) innovation that was considerable in design as well as in promoting
B) considerable innovation to promote design and in
C) considerable innovation in design and in
D) considerable innovation in design and to promote
E) considerable innovation in design and that it could do it well in
When we create memories, are brains first forms impressions and then those impressions are
cemented as they sink in.
A) impressions, cementing those impressions then
B) impressions and then cement those impressions
C) impressions, we cement those impressions then
D) impressions, then we cement those impressions
E) impressions and then those impressions are cemented
The landscaper taught his apprentices how to get a yard to grow and keep it free of weeds.
A) and make it weed-free
B) and keep them free of weeds
C) and keep it weed-free (or free of weeds)
D) and have it be weed-free
E) and have it stay free of weeds
Benjamin will not be known for his strong beliefs any more than people will know Jonathan for
his unique ideas.
A) as will Jonathan not be known
B) any more than people will know Jonathan
C) no more than Jonathan will be known
D) any more than Jonathan will be known
E) just as people will not know Jonathan
Running the air conditioner less frequently is one way to lower energy bills; to turn off lights in
A
B
rooms when they are not being used is another. No error
C
D
E
The book took place in France, and many readers assume that it was Italy.
A) and many readers assume that it was
B) not, as many readers assume, in
C) many readers assuming
D) not what many readers assume
E) but many readers assume it to be
Economists agree that a method for determining the exchange rate between currencies is not only
A
B
C
useful but also of necessity in a global economy. No error.
D
E
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
21
The citys art program provided young people with an after-school activity, taught them how to
A
B
create murals, and they had the chance to create artwork on the side of a building. No error
C
D
E
Out of the many different contest entries, only a few are truly qualified for use in the companys
A
B
advertisements because of their use of color, focus on the product , and they are well-written.
C
D
No error
E
To a traditionalist, only books printed on paper can be called a novel, for other types of books
A
B
can be much shorter and they can be published by the author or by small publishing companies
C
D
that dont reject anything. No error.
E
According to some of her co-workers, Donna saw herself as the star of the department and
A
B
believing arrogantly that she could do no wrong. No error
C
D
E
The backlash against the issues of the era was perhaps more noted in music than either art or
writing.
A) either in art or writing
B) either art or writing
C) in either art or writing
D) in either art or in writing
E) either art or in writing
Taking art classes, studying it in college, and frequent paintings has allowed the artist to secure a
space at the gallery.
A) painting frequently allowed the artist
B) frequent paintings has allowed the artist
C) frequently painting, the artist was allowed
D) frequent paintings would have allowed the artist
E) frequent painting, these allowed the artist
For some activities, it is much easier to show how they are done than explaining in writing
A
B
specifically how they are done. No error
C
D
E
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
22
Although some managers (vehemently) opposed the new marketing strategies, other managers
being strong in their support of the new ideas.
A) strongly supported
B) being strong in their support of
C) strongly supporting
D) were strong and supportive of
E) are strongly supportive of
Deciding that he was tired of doing all the household chores, Brent decided to spend the
weekend watching TV and reading but not to be cleaning.
A) rather than cleaning
B) but not to be cleaning
C) more than to clean
D) rather than having cleaned
E) and not for cleaning
Street artists have once again demonstrated how the combination of everyday items and
A
B
being creative can create beautiful art. No error
C
D
E
The code of ethics that every judge swears to abide by requires impartiality, impeccable
behavior, and it demands accountability for decisions.
A) require opinions that are impartial, behavior that is impeccable, and decisions of an
accountable nature
B) requires impartiality, impeccable behavior, and accountable decisions
C) require impartiality, impeccable behavior, and the demands of accountable decisions
D) requires opinions that are impartial, being impeccable in behavior, and demands
accountable decisions
E) requires impartiality, impeccable behavior, and it demands accountability for decisions
Charles improved the overall image of the company by exposing unethical practices, he
successfully demanded that these practices be discontinued.
A) exposing unethical practices, although successfully demanding that these practices be
discontinued
B) exposing unethical practices and successfully demanding their discontinuation
C) exposing unethical practices, he successfully demanded that these practices be
discontinued
D) exposing unethical practices whose discontinuation he was successful in demanding
E) his exposing unethical practices and successful demand of their discontinuation
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
23
Today the main role of political campaigns seems to be to make the other candidates appear as
horrible as possible rather than what they once did, educating and informing voters about the
issues.
A) educating and informing, what they once did
B) what they once did, educating and informing
C) what they once were, to educate and inform
D) what they once did, which was educating and informing
E) what they once were, educational and informational
Though heavily dependent on contractors for labor while businesses supply the janitorial
company with work, as an outside contractor, it remains separate from both.
A) labor, businesses supply the janitorial company with work, while it remains an outside
contractor
B) labor while businesses supply the janitorial company with work, as an outside contractor,
it remains
C) labor and on businesses for work, the janitorial company is an outside contractor
D) labor, businesses supply the janitorial company with work, but it is an outside contractor
E) labor and on work by businesses, the janitorial company, an outside contractor
The supervillains rampaged through the city, destroying buildings, smashing cars, and people
were injured.
A) injuring people
B) people were injured
C) people injured
D) people injuring
E) injured people
Whether David actually wrote the poem or did not remains uncertain, but the fact that it won
Roses heart is all that matters.
A) That David actually wrote the poem
B) Whether in actuality David wrote the poem or did not
C) Whether David actually wrote the poem or did not
D) The actuality of the writing of the poem by David
E) David, his actual writing of the poem
NOTE: When a sentence begins/starts with THAT or FOR, 90% of the time, thats the
answer. FOR = BECAUSE or SINCE / THAT = THE FACT THAT
Scott drove all over town looking for the party, driving from the West first he went to the North,
then eventually to Walnut Street from Seventh Avenue.
A) first from the West he moved to the North and ended up on Walnut Street after leaving
Seventh Avenue
B) driving from the West first he went to the North, then eventually to Walnut Street from
Seventh Avenue
C) first from the West to the North and eventually from Seventh Avenue to Walnut Street
D) the first drive he made was from the West to the North and eventually to Walnut Street
from Seventh Avenue
E) driving first from the West, he came to the North and eventually to Walnut Street
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
24
The catering company is always in great demand considering that their food combine both great
taste and an affordable price.
A) considering that their food combine both great taste and an affordable price
B) because its food combines great taste and affordability
C) considering that their food combine both great taste and affordability
D) being that their food will combine both great taste and an affordable price
E) because their food will combine not only great taste but also an affordable price
The question of whether the medications were a cure or are they merely a placebo is still being
A
B
C
D
discussed. No error.
E
An abundance of different restaurants increased their options, often giving them many dine-in
A
B
C
options or else they order delivery. No error
D
E
CONJUNCTION
During the 1990s, the gap between the wealthy one percent and the working class has grown
significantly, while continuing to increase during the 2000s.
A) significantly, and it continued to increase
B) significantly, while continuing to increase
C) significantly, continuing increasing
D) significantly, it continued increasing
E) significantly with continuing increase
Many policies were introduced while he was CEO of the business, and they increased their
profits as well as pay.
A) business, they both increased their profits and pay of the business.
B) business, and they increased their profits as well as pay
C) business; these policies increased its profits and pay
D) business, which both increased its profits as well as increased its pay
E) business; these policies increased both the profits and the pay of the business
The decision could prove to be detrimental so that it opens the door for more legal challenges
A) detrimental because they
B) detrimental in order that it
C) detrimental so that it
D) detrimental, although it
E) detrimental because it
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
25
His friends say he left the party for the reason that the other attendees were rooting always for
the other team.
A) the fact being that the other attendees were always rooting for the other team
B) for the reason that the other attendees were rooting always for the other team
C) because their rooting for the other team was always done by the other attendees
D) because the other attendees were always rooting for the other team
E) since the other attendees for the other team were always rooting
The publishing business faces a challenge, being that it must balance the traditional expectation
of printing books with the new popularity of e-books.
A) challenge of it balancing the traditional expectations of printing books with the new
popularity of e-books
B) challenge, being that it must balance the traditional expectation of printing books with the
new popularity of e-books
C) challenge; since it has the traditional expectation of printing books with the new popular
one of e-books being balanced
D) challenge; as such it must balance the traditional expectation of printing books with the
new popularity of e-books
E) challenge because it must balance the traditional expectation of printing books with the
new popular one of e-books
John feeling hungry and thirsty, and he had to finish the letter before lunch.
A) John feeling hungry and thirsty, and
B) Although John felt hungry and thirsty,
C) John felt hungry and thirsty,
D) Nevertheless, John felt hungry and thirsty,
E) Despite John felt hungry and thirsty,
Those with bachelors degrees usually do not have as many opportunities for advancement as
those with masters degrees do, this being why so many employees go back to school later in
life.
A) do; this fact explaining the reason for why so many employees
B) do, this is why so many employees
C) do; this fact explains why so many employees
D) do, explaining why so many employees
E) do, this being why so many employees
The Blue Jays defeated Red Hawks in the seasons first game, even so, they wouldnt win
another game that season.
A) game; as a result, it
B) game, but it
C) game, they
D) game, so they
E) game, even so, they
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
26
Insofar as so many workers were leaving early, the boss decided to close at three.
A) In that there being so many employees who left
B) Insofar as so many workers were leaving,
C) Because there were a great many employees who left
D) With so many employees leaving
E) Because so many employees were leaving
The professor believes that C.S. Lewis was not properly appreciated by the adult students in the
class, the reason was that his novels described a fantasy world for children.
A) class, they are describing a fantasy world for children
B) class, the reason was that his novels describe a fantasy world for children
C) class because the novels described a fantasy world for children
D) class because their description had been of a fantasy world for children
E) class; describing a fantasy world for children
Finding fully intact artifacts has been difficult, since such is the case, very few have been
studied.
A) and very few have been studied because of that
B) since such is the case, very few have been studies
C) and so no more than a few have been studied
D) the number studied has been very few for this reason
E) no more than a few have been studied as a result
Having a grasp of sentence structure, phrasing, as well as word-choice, the poet was considered
one of the best.
A) By having a grasp of both sentence structure and phrasing and also word-choice
B) Because of his grasp of sentence structure, phrasing, and word-choice
C) Having a grasp of sentence structure, phrasing, and his word-choice
D) Having a grasp of sentence structure, phrasing, as well as word-choice
E) With his graphs of sentence structure and phrasing and word-choice
The Smiths couldnt take down their favorite light fixtures when they sold the house, the reason
is that items like light fixtures and ceiling fans must remain permanentely attached to the house.
A) house because its light fixtures and ceiling fans were
B) house, which is why light fixtures and ceiling fans were
C) house, the ceiling fans and light fixtures of which remain
D) house, whose light fixtures and ceiling fans are remaining
E) house, the reason is that items like light fixtures and ceiling fans must remain
We often think of Mexico as being to the south of the United States, and several states extend
farther south than Mexicos northernmost point.
A) States, whereas several states are extending
B) States, and it is the case that several states extend
C) States, and several states extend
D) States, but several states extending
E) States; however, several states extend
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
27
The business offers marketing for new companies, plus it will track their effectiveness
A) companies, and, additionally, they also track
B) companies, plus it will track
C) companies and tracks
D) companies, it tracks
E) companies, in addition it will track
Noah and Clarke will attend the science fair, their experiment in this having been outstanding
this year.
A) fair, for their experiment has been outstanding this year
B) fair, their experiment in this having been outstanding this year
C) fair; they have done an outstanding experiment this year in this
D) fair; their experiment having been outstanding this year
E) fair, for this year they have done an outstanding experiment in this
The Rykers Island Penitentiary is one of the most highly secured in the world, plus being the
A
B
C
largest single prison complex in New York. No error
D
E
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION
Between my mother and me existed an uneasy peace; neither of us wanted to be the one to
A
B
C
D
break it. No error
E
Its hard to tell what kinds of movies will be profitable because audiences may decide that some
A
B
genres are either over-saturated and lose their appeal. No error
C
D
E
Friends of Jenn have said that she can be very cranky because of her trouble past but her bipolar
conditions are violent.
A) although she is bipolarly violent
B) but her bipolar conditions are violent
C) and she is violent with her bipolar conditions too
D) and violent because of her bipolar conditions
E) while being violent and they are bipolar
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
28
The clerks were unhappy that the owner wouldnt either replace the damaged shelving nor repair
it.
A) or by repairing
B) nor repair
C) nor did he repair
D) or to repair (or repair)
E) nor repairing
The reason the play was so popular is that it draws on the cultural identity of the community.
A) because the performance draws on
B) that it draws on
C) because of them drawing from
D) they will draw from
E) that the performance draws on
Unlike Skye, neither Leopold or his younger sister Gemma has a desire in working in the field.
A
B
C
D
No error
E
The explorers found the aliens equally as interesting as their organs were completely different
from humans.
A) as interesting and their organs
B) as interesting as their organs were
C) equally as interesting as their organs were
D) as interesting and their organs were
E) equally as interesting and their organs
Drivers of the new car say that it is super fast because of its beefed-up engine but its muffler is
still loud.
A) and it is super loud in muffler
B) although it is super loud
C) and super loud because of its muffler
D) while being super loud as to amaze them
E) but its muffler is still super loud
During the past decade, one reason fast food restaurants have been perceived as better than ever,
the inclusion of healthy menu options increased about 50 percent worldwide.
A) ever, there was a worldwide increase in healthy menu options about 50 percent
B) ever, the inclusion of healthy menu options increased about 50 percent worldwide
C) ever since they increased the number of healthy menu items about 50 percent worldwide
D) ever was that the inclusion of healthy menu items worldwide increased about 50 percent.
E) ever, worldwide, the inclusion of healthy menu options increased about 50 percent
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
29
The movies review called it outstanding because of great dialogue, and its confusing final
chapter make it disappointing
A) dialogue, and it is disappointing with its confusing final chapter
B) dialogue, and its confusing final chapter made it disappointing
C) dialogue while having a confusing final chapter that made it disappointing
D) dialogue but disappointing because of its confusing final chapter
E) dialogue, although disappointing by having its final chapter confusing
The main reasons workers list for not contributing to the charity is that they have excessive debt
and work at jobs that pay them too little.
A) is having excessive debt and having to work at
B) is that they have excessive debt and work at
C) are that they have excessive debt and that they work at
D) are excessive debt, in addition to working at
E) are excessive debt and they work at
The reason many people like the house is that it looks like a small castle.
A) is its looking like
B) is that it looks like
C) is because of it looking like
D) is that the architecture looks like
E) is because of the architecture looking like
No sooner had Annika decided to throw out the old sofa but Kathryn convinced her to keep it.
A) than she was convinced by Kathryn that she will keep
B) but Kathryn had her convinced into keeping
C) but Kathryn convinced her to keep
D) than Kathryn convinced her to keep
E) but she was convinced by Kathryn into keeping
Though the plans for their vacation were neither complete or detailed, the Siskos still left
A
B
C
D
on the planned day. No error
E
The employees took offense at the managers tone but could deny neither the facts of the
A
B
C
report or the failure of the program. No error
D
E
Domestic products are often more recognizable to shoppers than imported ones - plus the latter
A
B
are not nearly as easy to find than domestic items. No error
C
D
E
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
30
Neither the first painting or the last belongs to the series of works by Picasso; the first is a
A
B
C
Matisse, and the last is attributed to Duchamp. No error
D
E
Today a professor must often make a choice between adjunct teaching at several colleges
A
B
C
or fighting for one of the few tenured positions available. No error
D
E
Many Etsy sellers are motivated either by their enjoyment of crafting and their desire to share
A
B
their unique talents, but some seem interested only in making money. No error
C
D
E
The arguments between Drew and I began once we heard that our boss had said that she might
A
B
write a letter recommending a raise to me alone. No error
C
D
E
FAULTY COMPARISON
In the past month, more people from Nebraska traveled to cities in North Dakota than Oklahoma.
A) Oklahoman ones
B) Oklahoma
C) compared to Oklahomas
D) Oklahoma did
E) in Oklahoma
The Oxford Apartments does not have as many units as does my apartments.
A) like my apartment complex has
B) as does my apartments
C) compared to what my apartments have
D) like the ones at my apartments do.
E) as does my apartment complex
The job of a psychologist is often about the same as a psychiatrist.
A) like a psychiatrists
B) as a psychiatrist
C) like a psychiatrist
D) such as a psychiatrist
E) as that of a psychiatrist
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
31
Tackling complex issues of the time through is writing, Williams was more socially aware than
most of his colleagues.
A) than were most of his colleagues
B) than most of his colleagues
C) than most of his colleagues were
D) than most of his colleagues, as far as writing is concerned
E) than that of most of his colleagues
Some believe that the most effective methods of exercising are no different for women than men.
A) is no different for women than being men
B) are no different from those for women and men
C) are no different for women than for men
D) are no different for women than for those who are men
E) are no different for women than men
The strange colors of insects, often brighter in color and varied than animals, are interesting to
Tia for a number of reasons.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The strange colors of insects, often brighter in color and varied than animals,
Often being brighter in color and more varied than animals, the colors of insects
The strange colors of insects, which are often brighter in color and varied than animals,
The strange colors of the insects, often brighter in color and more varied than those of
animals,
E) Insects strange colors, often colored brighter and varied than those of animals,
Because they wanted to reflect life as they saw it, rather than the way popular culture portrayed
A
B
C
it, many of the artists in the area differed from their contemporaries. No error
D
E
People today read fewer books than several decades ago.
A) than the books of
B) than
C) than did
D) than with the people in
E) than did people in
Five times as many people live in Chicago as in my hometown.
A) when compared to
B) as in
C) instead of in
D) as live in OR (as do in)
E) than
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
32
Because of its use of color and its subject matter, Joshs sculpture received more praise
A
B
at the gallery than did Shane. No error
C
D
E
Marie enjoyed listening to classical jazz music, which she though was more soothing
A
B
C
than modern musicians. No error
D
E
Like the other small business owners, the citys wordy ordinances confused Mr. Johnson until he
had an attorney explain them to him.
A) Mr. Johnson, who found the citys wordy ordinances confusing
B) the citys wordy ordinances confused Mr. Johnson
C) Mr. Johnson was confused by the citys wordy ordinances
D) the citys wordy ordinances consuming Mr. Johnson
E) there were wordy ordinances in the city which confused Mr. Johnson
The movie Batman by Tim Burton was once more widely watched and was more popular
A
B
C
among fans than Superman. No error
D
E
In the rainforest, the number of unique species found is greater than in Africa, Australia,
A
B
C
D
and Asia. No error
E
CLAUSE
Dany liked to read fantasy, of which she found the books about dragons especially fascinating.
A) fantasy, and it was especially the books about dragons that were of fascination
B) fantasy, of which she found the books about dragons especially fascinating
C) fantasy; she found the books about dragons especially fascinating
D) fantasy, especially fascinating to her were the books about dragons
E) fantasy; the fascination of the books about dragons especially
Pilgrims and acolytes leave the monastery before sunrise to walk the many miles to the temple,
to be returning by late evening after completing their prayers.
A) temple, they return by late evening
B) temple, to be returning by late evening
C) temple, and it is late evening that they return
D) temple to have returned by late evening
E) temple and return by late evening
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
33
During the conflict, the priest continued to perform last rights for the fallen soldiers on the
battlefield, at Sarajevo, so close was he to the actual skirmish that he saw people shot down right
in front of him.
A) battlefield; at Sarajevo, he was so close to the actual skirmish
B) battlefield, at Sarajevo, so close was he to the actual skirmish
C) battlefield, being so close to the actual skirmish at Sarajevo so
D) battlefield; he was at Sarajevo so close to the actual skirmish so
E) battlefield, he was at Sarajevo so close to the actual skirmish
Because overspending caused the rejection of many of the committees proposals is the reason
why Amar and Kirsten waited to pitch their program until the beginning of the fiscal year.
A) Overspending causes the rejection of many of the committees proposals is the reason
why
B) Because overspending caused the rejection of many of the committees proposals is the
reason why
C) The fact of overspending is causing many of the committees proposals to be rejected is
why
D) Because overspending causes the rejection of many of the committees proposals,
E) As a result of overspending causing the rejection of many of the committees proposals;
Because many tests require one to complete them without getting up, it is a good idea to go to the
bathroom before the exam begins.
A) When completing many tests it is required for one to complete them without getting up
and therefore
B) Because many tests require one to complete them without getting up,
C) Being that many tests require you to complete them without getting up,
D) Because many tests require that one complete them without getting up,
E) Many tests require that one complete them without getting up and
Homeowners who want to build a house may choose from a number of different floor plans,
there is one which is best for their family size and needs.
A) there is one which is
B) and one is
C) of which there is one
D) one is
E) one of which is
Every time the employees sneak out of the store, they are risking being fired.
A) store; the risk is to be fired
B) store, they are at the risk of being fired (or they risk being fired)
C) store risking them to be fired
D) store, they are risking being fired
E) store; likewise, they risk being fired
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
34
Many people in the area are getting cats, for they will prevent mice.
A) cats for the prevention of
B) cats, for they will prevent
C) cats that will prevent
D) cats being able to prevent
E) cats, in which they will prevent
Though the income brought in by new products is often temporary due to the appearance of
competitors, it is often used to fund research into even more profitable products.
A) Despite the fact that is often temporary due to the appearance of competitors, the income
brought in by new products
B) Though the income brought in by new products is often temporary due to the appearance
of competitors, it
C) Though the appearance of competitors is the cause of income brought in by new products
being often temporary, it
D) In spite of the fact that it is often temporary due to the appearance of competitors, the
income brought in by new products
E) Though new products often bring in temporary income due to the appearance of
competitors, it
No documentary can claim to be completely accurate in documenting its subject, this
documentary on the rise of Microsoft is no exception.
A) subject; such a documentary of this one on the rise of Microsoft is no exception
B) subject, this documentary on the rise of Microsoft is no exception
C) subject; this documentary on the rise of Microsoft is no exception
D) subject, which this rise of Microsoft documentary being no exception
E) subject, and this documentary on the rise of Microsoft is no exception
Because homelessness is the cause of many health problems is the reason why the Department of
Human Services created programs to eliminate it (should avoid ending a sentence with a pronoun
as it creates ambiguity / but OKAY here because it is clear that it refers to homelessness).
A) Because homelessness is the cause of many health problems is the reason why
B) The fact that homelessness is the cause of many health problems is why
C) Because homelessness is the cause of many health problems,
D) As a result of homelessness causing many health problems
E) Homelessness causes many health problems and is the reason for why
Nick introduced the idea of putting people into teams, also he wrote team guidelines for them to
follow.
A) teams, he wrote
B) teams, also he wrote
C) teams, and also he wrote
D) teams by writing
E) teams; he also wrote
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
35
While best known as the Goddess of Wisdom, Athena also presided over war, whereby she
A
B
C
blessed the forces of Athens during the fighting with Sparta. No error
D
E
Since some people are pleased that the mayor has taken a strong stance against discrimination,
A
B
but others see his speech as mere propaganda to win votes. No error
C
D
E
FRAG
The rocking motion, frequently compounded in some areas because the waves were stronger,
made many people on the boat sick.
A) motion, frequently compounded in some areas where
B) motion, frequently compounded in some areas because
C) motion is frequently compounded in some areas so
D) motion, frequently compounded in some areas and
E) motion, frequently compounded in some areas when
The City of Irvine is populated by many Chinese students who, although their common language
is Mandarin, the languages taught at the school range from learning French to Spanish.
A) learning at school is in languages ranging from French to Spanish
B) the languages taught at the school range from learning French to Spanish
C) the language range from French to Swahili at the school
D) they are learning languages at school ranging from French to Spanish
E) learn languages at school that range from French to Spanish
Several of the chores around the house that went undone which were because John is forgetful.
A) are because of Johns forgetfulness
B) happened from John being forgetful
C) were caused by Johns forgetfulness
D) which were because John is forgetful
E) because John is forgetful
Donald, the smartest person in the class, and who completed the test first.
A) and who completed
B) completed
C) he has completed
D) and who is completing
E) and he has completed
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
36
The speaker, taking the audience on a journey through her complex struggle with alcohol,
carefully avoided (avoiding) talking (chats) about the fun times she had while drunk.
A) The audience is taken on a journey through her complex struggle with alcohol by the
speaker who is carefully
B) The speaker, taking the audience on a journey through her complex struggle with alcohol,
carefully
C) The audience is taken on a journey through the speakers complex struggle with alcohol
by carefully
D) The speaker takes the audience on a journey through her complex struggle with alcohol,
carefully
E) The speaker, who takes the audience on a journey through her complex struggle with
alcohol, carefully
The new hospital, consisting of over three hundred beds, and is staffed by top doctors.
A) hospital is staffed by top doctors consisting of over three hundred beds
B) hospital, consisting of over three hundred beds, and is staffed by top doctors
C) hospital, consisting of over three hundred beds, is staffed by top doctors
D) hospital to consist of over three hundred beds and to be staffed by top doctors
E) hospital is staffed by top doctors, it consists of over three hundred beds
Citizens are often unhappy about the city councils lack of action, often made worse in some
cities because the elected officials refuse to compromise.
A) action, often made worse in some cities and
B) action is often made worse in some cities and
C) action, often made worse in some cities when
D) action is often made worse in some cities because
E) action, often made worse in some cities because
BETTER: action; such unhappiness is often made worse in some cities WHERE
British author Charles Williams, who published one of the first major English-language editions
of the works of Kierkegaard, and a main character in the novel series The Chronicles of the
Imaginarium Geographica.
A) and who has become
B) and
C) is
D) having been
E) also has become
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
37
Rick pointed out that his son Jean-Luc Rodriguez, an American citizen with Spanish heritage
getting his name to honor a French relative.
A) his son Jean-Luc Rodriguez, an American citizen with Spanish heritage, received his
name in honor of a French relative
B) the name of his son Jean-Luc Rodriguez having been an American citizen with Spanish
heritage honoring a French relative
C) his son Jean-Luc Rodriquezs being an American citizen with Spanish heritage got his
name in honor of a French relative
D) he named his son Jean-Luc Rodriquez, an American citizen in honor of a French relative
that had Spanish heritage
E) his son Jean-Luc Rodriguez, an American citizen with Spanish heritage getting his name
to honor a French relative
Margaret, one of the most popular cooks at the restaurant, receiving the promotion to head chef
after Roseanne retired.
A) restaurant, and she received the promotion to head chef after Roseanne retired
B) restaurant, receiving the promotion to head chef after Roseanne retired
C) restaurant, receiving the promotion to head chef, which she received after Roseanne
retired
D) restaurant, Roseannes retirement giving her the promotion to head chef
E) restaurant, received the promotion to head chef after Roseanne retired
ITF
Also recommended by the committee was the proposal to create a database to collect information
A
B
C
on job-training opportunities. No error.
D
E
The center of the proposal, enthusiastically supported by the committee chair, is funds for
A
B
building a new science center and for creating new programs aimed at those interested in
C
D
biology. No error
E
Although doctors have identified many different incubation periods for the disease, there is
A
B
actually no more than a ten percent chance that symptoms will manifest within a week.
C
D
No error.
E
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
38
During the day, there is usually three security guards in the area to guard against shop lifting
A
B
C
attempts. No error.
D
E
Available through the companys HR website is (OKAY) a long list that provide (SV question)
A
B
information for employees in search of open positions in other offices. No error.
C
D
E
There is many difficulties related to adopting a child.
A) are many difficulties which relate
B) is many difficulties related
C) are many difficulties related
D) is many difficulties to relate
E) is many difficulties relating
ADJ/ADV
If hes reading the article correct, the writer was deliberately avoiding any mention of the theory
A
B
C
that Shakespeare didnt write all of the plays attributed to him until after more research has been
D
done. No error.
E
According to the report, the average amount of credit card debt has increased quite noticeable
A
B
C
over the past decade. No error
D
E
It was unfortunate that the candidate was unable to participate in the debate calm and without
A
B
C
D
name calling. No error
E
The survey reveals that a constant online presence now comprises a large part of many
A
B
C
D
businesses marketing plans. No error
E
Although hiking through the woods and up the mountain was fun, it was also tiring, and they
A
B
were happy for a time to sit and watch the sun serene sit. No error
C D
E
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
39
It was fortunate that the judge, despite his obvious personal beliefs, was able to judge the
A
B
C
defendant calm and without bias. No error
D
E
Since the recording was sounding surprisingly badly when we played it back, the lead singer
A
called the recording engineer to ask him what he had done to it. No error
B
C
D
E
GERUND
The rain was overwhelming and lasted for days, which duration made it seem like the world was
flooding.
A) overwhelming, and because of lasting for days, it made it seem
B) overwhelming and, by lasting for days, making it seem
C) overwhelming and lasted the duration of days to make it to seem
D) overwhelming, and its lasting for days made it seem
E) overwhelming and lasted for days, which during made it seem
On Thursday, Jeff performed his new song, being the beginning of both his music career and the
popularity of the caf (his popularity).
A) song, thus beginning (jump-starting BETTER) both
B) song, being the beginning of both
C) song, both beginning
D) song, whose beginning of both
E) song, it was the beginning of both
The professors tested the knowledge of potential Ph. D. candidates, devised different essay
questions on a variety of topics.
A) candidates devising
B) candidates, devised
C) candidates with the devising of
D) candidates by devising
E) candidates; and devised
When the semi-truck crashed, bags of toys were thrown across the road, and they thereby
blocked it up to all vehicles.
A) road and therefore blocking it to all vehicles
B) road, and they thereby blocked it up to all vehicles
C) road, and therefore this had all vehicles blocked
D) road, thereby blocking all vehicles
E) road, by which all vehicles was therefore blocked
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
40
Oddly, one way the book transcended its genre was because of having incorporated it as the main
characters favorite type of book.
A) by its incorporation of it
B) because of having incorporated it
C) when the author incorporated it
D) by incorporating it
E) through the authors incorporating of it
A report showed that the number of unhealthy people who lost weight increased in the past year,
they went on a diet.
A) year, and they went
B) year, they went
C) year, they were going
D) year and going
E) year by going
In the movie, the main character made many odd decisions, like when he convinces himself that
he should leave the safety of his car to investigate the strange noise.
A) for exampling, by convincing
B) and, as an example, when he convinces
C) as exemplified by when he convinces
D) including convincing
E) like when he convinces
INFINITIVE
It took Joan several years of constant work and long hours and she rose to the office of vicepresident.
A) to rise to the office of vice-president.
B) and she rose to the office of vice-president
C) before the office of vice-president being reached
D) but finally the office of vice-president was hers at last
E) and finally she rose to the office of vice-president there
In an effort to have a monopoly on the areas nightlife, Armin hopes acquiring the other bar.
A) hope he can acquire
B) hopes acquiring
C) hopes to acquire
D) is having hopes of acquiring
E) have hopes to acquire
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
41
David painted a huge mural about recycling on the side of the building with his idea being to
motivate the people of his city.
A) to motivate
B) and his idea was motivating
C) with the idea being to motivate
D) he motivated
E) thus motivated
As she quickly avoided the group of people waiting for the cupcakes, Maria thought it wise
A
B
C
suppressing her impulse and to stick to her diet. No error
D
E
The main problem the architect faced was how preserving the buildings charm
A
while updating it to be more similar to the surrounding buildings that were not designed during
B
C
D
the same time period. No error
E
The designers, unable to reach a decision, agreed to go to their offices and they would research
better methods for their project.
A) to go to their offices and they would research
B) on the arrival to their offices to the researching
C) to go to their offices to research
D) with going to their offices for researching of
E) to going to their offices, thereby researching
The cake pops by Jims mom have managed keeping the kids and teens alike happy for the
A
B
C
D
past several minutes. No error
E
The home pest control system, which uses sticky traps in the catching of running mice,
A
B
C
may undermine the cats usefulness. No error
D
E
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
42
ENTIRE SENTENCE
The teacher gave us a project, and we worked quickly, and we worked on it for the rest of the
class.
A) After the teacher gave us a project, we started working quickly on only that for the rest of
the period.
B) While starting to work quickly on a project from our teacher, we worked on it for the rest
of the class.
C) After the teacher gave us a project, we worked quickly for the rest of the period.
D) We worked quickly on the project for the rest of the period after the teacher gave us the
task.
E) The teacher gave us a project, and we worked quickly, and we worked on it for the rest of
the class.
Mr. Nguyen wants to retire, but that opportunity is unaffordable by him.
A) People are constructing bat dwellings in their yards.
B) Mr. Nguyen would like the opportunity to retire, but he cannot afford that to do so.
(BETTER: Mr. Nguyen wants to retire, but he cannot afford to do so.)
C) Mr. Nguyen wants to retire, but that opportunity is unaffordable by him.
D) Although retirement is appealing to Mr. Nguyen, he cant afford to stop working yet.
E) Retirement is what Mr. Nguyen hopes to do, but cant afford to at this time.
Because they consume a large quantity of bugs, people are constructing bat dwellings in their yards.
A) Bats consume large quantities of bugs, because of that people are constructing bat
dwellings in their yards.
B) They can eat so many bugs, so people are constructing bat dwellings in their yards.
C) Because they can consume large quantities of bugs, dwellings for bats are being
constructed in their yards by people.
D) Because they eat large numbers of insects, people are constructing bat houses in their
backyards.
E) People are constructing bat dwellings in their yards because bats can consume large
quantity of bugs.
The sad tale of Romeo and Juliet was the focus of a play, being popular all through history.
A) The sad tale of Romeo and Juliet has been popular all through history, being the focus of a
play.
B) The sad tale of Romeo and Juliet has been popular throughout its history, when it was the
focus of a play.
C) The sad tale of Romeo and Juliet was the focus of a play, being popular all through history.
D) Having been the focus of a play, the sad tale of Romeo and Juliet has been popular since
its creation.
E) Romeo and Juliet, the sad tale that was the focus of a play, has been popular all through
history.
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
43
Ruling the Mississippi River captivating, all there was to discover was seen by Arthur.
A) Arthur ruled the Mississippi River as fascinating, he saw all there was to discover.
B) Ruling the Mississippi River captivating, all there was to discover was seen by Arthur.
C) The Mississippi River could be found fascinating, and this prompted Arthur to see all
there was to discover.
D) Ruling the Mississippi River captivating, Arthur saw all there was to discover.
E) The Mississippi River is captivating and thats why Arthur saw everything there was to
discover.
Both Dr. Florence and Dr. Duncan being widely recognized for having written various essays in
their discipline
A) Both Dr. Florence and Dr. Duncan are widely recognized for having written various
essays in their discipline.
B) Florence and Ball having authored various widely recognized essays in their discipline.
C) Widely recognized for having written various essays in their discipline are Dr. Florence
and Dr. Duncan.
D) Both Dr. Florence and Dr. Duncan being widely recognized for having written various
essays in their discipline
E) Have various written essays in their discipline widely recognized are Dr. Florence and
Dr. Duncan.
Atoms are among the smallest known substances, as they actually are the building blocks of
matter.
A) Amid the smallest known substances, the building blocks of matter are actually called
atoms.
B) Atoms are among the smallest known substances, as they actually are the building blocks
of matter.
C) Atoms actually are the building blocks of matter, being amid the smallest known
substances.
D) Atoms, smallest known substances, are actually the building blocks of matter.
E) Actually, atoms being the building blocks of matter, they are among the smallest known
substances.
Walt Disney was a cartoonist and businessman that was able to make a living at it.
A) Walt Disney was a cartoonist and businessman that was able to make a living at it.
B) Able to make a living at it, Walt Disney was a cartoonist and a businessman.
C) By Making cartoons and conducting business was how Walt Disney made a living.
D) Walt Disney was able to make a living as a cartoonist and businessman.
E) A cartoonist and businessman, Walt Disney was able to make a living at it.
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
44
A musician who examines popular culture issue, the music of Lady Gaga is world famous.
A) Lady Gaga is a world famous musician whose music examines popular culture issues.
B) Musician Lady Gaga has examined popular culture issues, the music of which is world
famous.
C) A musician who examines popular culture issue, the music of Lady Gaga is world
famous.
D) To examine popular culture issues, the music of Lady Gaga is world famous.
E) A musician who examines popular culture issues, Lady Gagas music is world famous.
Neil Gaiman, the writer of American Gods, currently lives in Massachusetts, an Englishman,
being born in Britain first.
A) Born in Britain but living in the United States, Neil Gaiman, the writer of American
Gods, now lives in Massachusetts.
B) Born in Britain and now living in Massachusetts, Neil Gaiman is the writer of American
Gods.
C) Neil Gaiman, the writer of American Gods, currently lives in Massachusetts, an
englishman, being born in Britain first.
D) An Englishman, after being born in Britain, Neil Gaiman, now living in Massachusetts,
wrote American Gods.
E) Although now in Massachusetts, Neil Gaiman was born in Britain, he is the writer of
American Gods.
By and large, in the behavior of how a creature acts, instinct is the foremost reason.
A) Usually, a creatures actions are mostly instinctual ones.
B) By and large, in the behavior of how a creature acts, instinct is the foremost reason.
C) Creatures mainly use their instinct as its reason but its actions.
D) A creatures behavior is mostly determined by instinct. (by and large can be omitted as
MOSTLY DETERMINED already implies on the whole/generally)
E) A creatures behavior, as to actions, are for the most part instinctively governed.
The Hunnic language, perhaps one of Asias oldest, whose beginnings are passionately
contested.
A) The Hunnic language, perhaps one of Asias oldest, whose beginnings are passionately
contested.
B) The Hunnic language, perhaps one of Asias oldest, its beginnings are passionately
contested.
C) Perhaps one of Asias oldest languages, the beginnings of Hunnic language are
passionately contested.
D) The beginnings of the Hunnic language, perhaps one of Asias oldest, are passionately
contested.
E) Hunnic is passionately contested as a language whose beginnings are perhaps Asias
oldest.
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
45
Several potential actors in the region tried out for parts in the film, and only a small number of
them were chosen.
A) Several potential actors, having tried out for parts in the film, only a small number of
them were chosen.
B) Several potential actors in the region tried out for parts in the film, but only a small
number of them were chosen.
C) Just a small number were selected, several potential actors in the region having tried out
for parts in the film.
D) Several potential actors in the region tried out for parts in the film.
E) After several potential actors in the region tried out for parts in the film, only a small
number being selected.
WWWW
No one objects to her decision, even though she didnt ask for their input about almost every part
A
B
C
of the trip, when she is incredibly organized. No error
D
E
Those injured on the job which need access to reeducation courses are upset with the
A
B
C
long debate over what constitutes permanent disability. No error
D
E
According to Jason, the best people were those which had volunteered their time to the
A
B
project rather than those who gave the most impressive donations. No error
C
D
E
Teachers supported the theory by psychologists that students which sat in a room with blue walls
A
B
while learning and again while taking an exam are able to do better because the color promotes
C
D
learning. No error
E
The family adopted the young kitten at the same time as the puppy, and they share the same bed.
A) Adopting at the same time by the family were the young kitten and the puppy, and they
B) The family, which adopted the young kitten at the same time as the puppy (both a kitten
and a puppy), had them share a bed. (THEM is not ambiguous)
C) The family adopted the young kitten at the same time as the puppy
D) An adoption of the young kitten at the same time as the puppy, the family
E) The family adopted the young kitten with the puppy and this is why they
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
46
E3P
Juanita asked Kit and I whether we would consider performing our act for the monthly talent
A
B
C
D
show. No error
E
The movie Joss is directing, a movie written jointly by he and his friends, does not
A
B
take into account the actual events of the historical battle. No error
C
D
E
My sister and myself were paid with a check for our work on the inventory system with which
A
B
C
the store tracks its sales. No error
D
E
Seeing the unexpected flash of light, Deanna, Beverly, and me were so startled that we
A
B
C
almost fell off of the steps. No error
D
E
Surprisingly pleased with our proposal, the committee awarded Ellen and I a team to lead in
A
B
C
creating a program for the underprivileged throughout the county. No error
D
E
COMP/SUP
The Sunshine Corporation, a waste disposal company, has been described as the largest waste
disposal company and also the most ecologically friendly of them.
A) at once the largest and also the most ecologically friendly of them
B) not only the largest company, but also the most ecologically friendly
C) the largest waste disposal company at the same time as it is the most ecologically friendly
D) the largest and yet the most ecologically friendly of waste disposal companies
E) the largest waste disposal company and also the most ecologically friendly of them
The two televisions may be identical in size, but one is the high(est) quality television while the
A
B
C
other is the cheaper. No error
D
E
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
47
In many ways, Professor Dumbledore and Gandalf are very similar, but Gandalf has
A
B
C
the most active role and characterization. No error
D
E
MISSING AN S
Much of the success of Christopher Paolini and Pable Neduda as a writer of fantasy novels can
A
B
be attributed to the hard work of their parents. No error
C
D
E
Those who want to be a celebrity need to remember that theres more to it than the adoration
A
and that a great deal of it is simply exhausting. No error
B
C
D
E
Interested in baking cookies and cakes, Buffy and Dawn plan to become a pastry chef and then
A
B
C
return to open their own bakery in their home town. No error
D
E
Enraged at the fact that some businesses will no longer pay for certain pregnancy medications,
many women have stopped shopping at stores in which female employees are essentially
A
B
C
a second-class citizen. No error
D
E
Amazon and eBay are an example of businesses that operate without physical stores.
A) are examples where businesses
B) are an example of businesses that
C) exemplifies a business that
D) are examples of businesses that
E) exemplify businesses where they
Susan B. Anthony was one of a handful of women who committed their life to fighting for
A
B
C
D
womens rights. No error
E
Whether or not they identified themselves as a nerd, people such as Bill Gates and Steve Jobs
A
have opened the door to the idea of nerds being cool. No error.
B
C
D
E
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
48
The concept of a flying machine can be traced to the work of Leonardo da Vinci, Ge Hong, and
Roger Bacon.
A) appeared in the work of
B) can be traced to the work of
C) appearing during the works of
D) that appeared in the work of
E) can be traced to the works of
IDIOM
Given her strong sense of smell, Alexa quickly argued against fathers desire to try cooking new
A
B
C
D
foods. No error
E
The report showed that most customers prefer to shop online more than in retail stores
A
B
simply because finding products is less difficult online. No error
C
D
E
Along the highway near the bay lies a sunken ship, the only one of a kind near the small town.
A
B
C
D
No error
E
Intense focus on color appears to be the one trait that the two artists have in common. No error
A
B
C
D
E
Alerted by the many error messages that appeared after he ran the program, the programmer was
A
quick to see that his new lines of code were incompatible to those he had written earlier.
B
C
D
No error
E
Orson Scott Card is regarded to be one of the most talented science fiction writers of the
A
B
twenty-first century and is often compared to early sci-fi writers such as Frank Herbert and Isaac
C
D
Asimov. No error
E
(NOTE: I replaced CONSIDERED with REGARDED to highlight the misuse of TO BE.
CONSIDER TO BE is grammatically OKAY but CONSIDER <without TO BE> is more
commonly used on the SAT)
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
49
Emergency Medical Personnel were nearby, prepared to intervene in the boxing match
A
even though everyone had refused their initial offers for first aid. No error
B
C
D
E
At the end of The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy, a Kansan recently arrived to the Land of Oz, happily
A
B
clicks together the heels of her ruby slippers to return home. No error
C
D
E
Looking at the first portrait the artist had ever painted, the curator did not think that this
A
B
young woman would be capable of bringing the gallery to the attention of the art world.
C
D
No error.
E
Far away from industrial Europe, the American colonies were, some historians now contend, the
A
B
C
most creative country of its time. No error
D
E
Many workers were upset about the company decision to give managers sole responsibility about
approving vacation days.
A) if he or she should approve vacation days
B) whether he or she ought to approve vacation days
C) the approving of vacation days, if they wish
D) about (for) approving vacation days
E) whether vacation days should be approved
The practice of declaring a Domestic Violence Awareness Day has been adopted through many
cities in recognizing this issue many have dealt with.
A) by many cities to recognize
B) through many cities to recognize
C) in many cities; it was to recognize
D) through many cities in recognizing
E) by many cities in recognizing
Many mayors are afraid of being removed from office and think of it that it threatens the mayoral
office.
A) as if it were like a threat to the mayorship
B) as it were a threat at the mayorship
C) that it threatens the mayoral office
D) that a threat exists for the mayorship
E) as a threat to the mayorship
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP
50
Active discussion between students in the classroom encourages learning far different from that
A
B
which occurs as the students listen to a lecture but do not participate. No error
C
D
E
Piracy, an illegal activity which has been almost completely stopped in the U.S., is still a threat
A
B
of travelers in some countries. No error
C
D
E
In the opinion of the writer, an education in history is not a condition necessary in the writing of
A
B
C
D
an historical novel. No error
E
As they grow emotionally, babies become more able to accept comfort from the other
A
B
C
people around them who are not their parents. No error
D
E
REDUNDANCY
Always in demand as a chef, Steve has never been more busier than he is now. No error
A
B
C
D
E
Just how necessary the rewrite is to the movie has never been more clearer than it is now.
A
B
C
D
No error
E
Unable to let a cat starve, Nancy has been feeding the strays in the neighborhood since she
A
B
moved in, weekly spending nearly twenty dollars each week on cat food. No error
C
D
E
YIN-YANG
Until they can be replaced by a better, more economical, and more popular method of public
A
B
transportation, the bus will transport most of the students within and through the city. No error.
C
D
E
There is probably no movie more dramatic than Cecil B. DeMilles The Ten Commandments.
A
B
C
D
No error
E
GRAMMAR | RYAN PREP

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