Fef TC - 3-21-220 (Oct 2013)

TC 3-21.220 (*FM 3-21.220)/MCWP 3-315.
7/
AFMAN 11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
Static Line Parachuting Techniques and Training
October 2013
Headquarters, Department of the Army
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION. This publication is approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.
This publication supersedes FM 3-21.220, Static Line Parachuting Techniques and Tactics, 23 September
2003.
FOREWORD
This publication has been prepared under the direction of USAIS for use by these commands and other
commands as appropriate.
DAVID B. HAIGHT
Brigadier General, U.S. Army
Commandant
U.S. Army Infantry School
R. T. TRYON
Lieutenant General, USMC
Deputy Commandant
Plans, Policies and Operations
ROBERT S. WALSH
Major General, USMC
Director
Naval Expeditionary Warfare Division (N95)
HARRY C. DISBROW, JR.

Senior Executive Service, USAF
Associate Deputy Chief of Staff
Operations, Plans and Requirements
This publication is available at

Army Knowledge Online (www.us.army.mil) and
Central Army Registry
(http://www.train.army.mil).
Headquarters
Department of the Army
Washington, DC
Training Circular
No. 3-21.220 (*FM 3-21.220)
Static Line Parachuting Techniques and Training

Contents
Page
PREFACE ......................................................................................................... xxiii
PART ONE.
Chapter 1
BASIC TECHNIQUES
OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................... 1-1

Section I Standards ...................................................................................... 1-1
Section II Phases .......................................................................................... 1-1
Ground and Tower Phase ................................................................................... 1-1
Jump Phase ........................................................................................................ 1-3
Chapter 2
PERSONAL EQUIPMENT .................................................................................. 2-1

Section I Parachutes .................................................................................... 2-1
Harness Assembly .............................................................................................. 2-1
Riser Assembly ................................................................................................... 2-3
Deployment Bag and Pack Tray With Universal Static Line Assembly .............. 2-3
Pack Tray ............................................................................................................ 2-6
Canopy Assembly ............................................................................................... 2-8
Modified Improved Reserve Parachute System ................................................. 2-9
Difference Between Models .............................................................................. 2-17
MIRPS Soft Loop Center Pull ........................................................................... 2-18
Section II T-11, MC-6, and MC-7 Personnel Parachute System ............. 2-19
T-11 Harness Assembly .................................................................................... 2-19
T-11 Riser Assembly ......................................................................................... 2-21
MC-6 Riser Assembly ....................................................................................... 2-22
Universal Static Line Modified With Curve Pin ................................................. 2-23
T-11 Main Pack Tray and MC-6 Pack Tray Assembly ...................................... 2-24
T-11 Main Canopy............................................................................................. 2-25
MC-6 Main Canopy ........................................................................................... 2-27
T-11 Reserve Parachute ................................................................................... 2-29
Care of the Parachute Before Jumping............................................................. 2-34
Care of the Parachute After Jumping................................................................ 2-34
Shakeout Procedures........................................................................................ 2-35
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: This publication is approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
*This publication supersedes FM 3-21.220, 23 September 2003.
October 2013
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Contents
Section III MC-7 Personal Parachute System .......................................... 2-36

Section IV Donning of Parachutes............................................................ 2-36
T-10 and MC-1-1 Harness ................................................................................ 2-37
T-11 and MC-6 Harness ................................................................................... 2-39
Section V Protective Headgear ................................................................. 2-41
Ballistic Helmet Description .............................................................................. 2-41
Parachutist Helmet Modifications ...................................................................... 2-41
Advanced Combat Helmet ................................................................................ 2-45
Section VI Parachutist Ankle Brace ......................................................... 2-54
Obtaining Parachutist Ankle Braces ................................................................. 2-54
Inspecting .......................................................................................................... 2-55
Donning the Parachutist Ankle Brace ............................................................... 2-55
Doffing the Parachutist Ankle Brace ................................................................. 2-55
Chapter 3
FIVE POINTS OF PERFORMANCE .................................................................. 3-1

Section I T-10 and MC-1 Series, Five Points of Performance .................. 3-1
Point 1. Proper Exit, Check Body Position, and Count ....................................... 3-1
Point 2. Check Canopy and Gain Canopy Control ............................................. 3-1
Point 3. Keep a Sharp Lookout During Entire Descent ....................................... 3-2
Point 4. Prepare to Land ..................................................................................... 3-6
Point 5. Land ..................................................................................................... 3-10
Section II T-11 and MC-6 Series, Five Points of Performance ................ 3-11
Point 1. Proper Exit, Check Body Position, and Count ..................................... 3-11
Point 2. Check Canopy and Gain Canopy Control ........................................... 3-12
Point 3. Keep a Sharp Lookout During the Entire Descent............................... 3-13
T-11 Parachute ................................................................................................. 3-13
MC-6 Parachute ................................................................................................ 3-13
Point 4. Prepare to Land ................................................................................... 3-19
Obstacles .......................................................................................................... 3-20
Point 5. Land ..................................................................................................... 3-24
Chapter 4
TRAINING APPARATUSES .............................................................................. 4-1

Section I Parachute Landing Fall Devices ................................................. 4-1
Instructor Critiques .............................................................................................. 4-1
2-Foot High Platform ........................................................................................... 4-3
Lateral Drift Apparatus ........................................................................................ 4-3
Swing Landing Trainer ........................................................................................ 4-4
Safety Considerations ......................................................................................... 4-9
Section II Mock Door .................................................................................... 4-9
Basic Phase ...................................................................................................... 4-10
Advanced Phase ............................................................................................... 4-13
Section III Suspended Harness ................................................................. 4-14
Objectives ......................................................................................................... 4-15
Personnel and Equipment Requirements ......................................................... 4-15
Sequence of Commands .................................................................................. 4-15
Section IV 34-Foot Tower .......................................................................... 4-16
Basic Training Objectives ................................................................................. 4-16
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Advanced Training Objectives .......................................................................... 4-19

Section V Methods of Recovery................................................................ 4-20
Training Objectives ........................................................................................... 4-20
T-10, T-11, MC-1, and MC-6 Parachutes ......................................................... 4-20
Canopy Release Assemblies ............................................................................ 4-21
Canopy Release Assembly Activation .............................................................. 4-21
Chapter 5
JUMP COMMAND SEQUENCE AND ACTIONS .............................................. 5-1

Section I First Five Jump Commands ........................................................ 5-1
Get Ready ........................................................................................................... 5-1
Outboard Personnel, Stand Up ........................................................................... 5-2
Inboard Personnel, Stand Up .............................................................................. 5-3
Hook Up .............................................................................................................. 5-4
Check Static Lines .............................................................................................. 5-5
Section II Last Four Jump Commands ....................................................... 5-6
Check Equipment ................................................................................................ 5-6
Sound Off for Equipment Check ......................................................................... 5-7
Stand By .............................................................................................................. 5-8
Go........................................................................................................................ 5-9
Chapter 6
MAIN PARACHUTE MALFUNCTIONS AND RESERVE PARACHUTE USE .. 6-1

Section I Reserve Parachute Use Methods ............................................... 6-1
Pull Drop Method (MIRPS, SLCP, T-10, and T-11 Reserve) ............................. 6-1
Down and Away Method (T-10 Reserve Only) ................................................... 6-2
Section II Total Malfunction ......................................................................... 6-2
Causes of a Total Malfunction ............................................................................ 6-2
Section III Partial Malfunction ..................................................................... 6-3
Complete Inversion ............................................................................................. 6-3
Semi-inversion .................................................................................................... 6-4
Blown Section or Gore ........................................................................................ 6-4
Broken Suspension Lines ................................................................................... 6-4
Delayed Opening ................................................................................................ 6-4
PART TWO. ADVANCED TECHNIQUES

Chapter 7
KEY PERSONNEL ............................................................................................. 7-1

Section I Commanders Responsibilities ................................................... 7-1
Section II Key Personnel Prerequisites ..................................................... 7-2
Primary/Assistant Jumpmasters and Safety Personnel ...................................... 7-2
Departure Airfield Control Officer ........................................................................ 7-3
Drop Zone Safety Officer .................................................................................... 7-3
Malfunction Officer .............................................................................................. 7-4
Duties Performed in Aircraft Based on Education .............................................. 7-5
Chapter 8
JUMPMASTER AND SAFETY ........................................................................... 8-1

Section I Essential Information ................................................................... 8-1
Designation Notification (Unit Area) .................................................................... 8-1
Assistants Briefing (Unit Area) ........................................................................... 8-2
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Jumpmaster/Safety Kit Bag (Departure Airfield) ................................................. 8-2

Operation Briefing (Departure Airfield)................................................................ 8-3
Section II Sustained Airborne Training (Unit Area) .................................. 8-3
Minimum Training................................................................................................ 8-4
Sustained Airborne Training (Unit Area) Requirements ..................................... 8-4
Five Points of Performance ................................................................................. 8-4
Five Points of Contact ......................................................................................... 8-6
Total Malfunctions (No-Lift Capability) ................................................................ 8-6
Partial Malfunctions ............................................................................................. 8-7
Collisions ............................................................................................................. 8-8
Entanglements .................................................................................................... 8-8
Emergency Landings .......................................................................................... 8-9
Reserve Activation Inside Aircraft ..................................................................... 8-11
Towed Parachutist Procedures ......................................................................... 8-12
Chapter 9
JUMPMASTER AND SAFETY DUTIES AT DEPARTURE AIRFIELD ............. 9-1

Section I Key Personnel .............................................................................. 9-1
Primary Jumpmaster/Assistant Jumpmaster Duties ........................................... 9-1
Safety Personnel ................................................................................................. 9-2
Section II Jumpmaster Personnel Inspection T-10/MC-1 Series ............. 9-3
Hands-On Inspection .......................................................................................... 9-3
Jumpmaster Personnel Inspections Combat Equipment ............................... 9-15
Parachutist Drop Bag ........................................................................................ 9-15
Modular Lightweight Load-Carrying Equipment Pack....................................... 9-19
Hook-Pile Tape Lowering Line .......................................................................... 9-21
Jumpmaster Personnel Inspection Sequence for AIRPAC............................... 9-21
Technical Inspection for Side-Mount AIRPAC .................................................. 9-23
M82 Medic Jump Pack ...................................................................................... 9-23
Section III Jumpmaster Personnel Inspection T-11 and MC-6............... 9-25
Prepare the Jumper for Inspection .................................................................... 9-25
Chapter 10
JUMPMASTER AND SAFETY DUTIES IN FLIGHT ........................................ 10-1

Section I Primary/Assistant Jumpmaster and Safety Duties ................. 10-1
Primary Jumpmaster ......................................................................................... 10-1
Safety Personnel ............................................................................................... 10-1
Primary Jumpmaster/Assistant Jumpmaster Duties ......................................... 10-2
Section II Door Procedures and Door Bundle Ejection .......................... 10-2
Twenty-Minute Warning .................................................................................... 10-2
Ten-Minute Warning.......................................................................................... 10-2
First Seven Jump Commands ........................................................................... 10-3
Door Safety Check ............................................................................................ 10-3
Initial Outside Air Safety Check and Checkpoints ............................................ 10-5
One-Minute Warning ......................................................................................... 10-5
Final Outside Air Safety Check ......................................................................... 10-6
Eighth Jump Command .................................................................................... 10-7
Ninth Jump Command ...................................................................................... 10-7
Towed Parachutist (Fixed-Wing Aircraft) .......................................................... 10-8
Chapter 11
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DEPARTURE AIRFIELD CONTROL OFFICER .............................................. 11-1
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Section I Initial Coordination ..................................................................... 11-1

Section II Tanker/Airlift Control Element Coordination .......................... 11-1
Section III Drop Zone Safety Officer/Support Team Coordination ........ 11-1
Section IV Departure Airfield Control Officer Responsibilities .............. 11-2
Section V Airfield and Runway Safety ..................................................... 11-2
PART THREE. EQUIPMENT

Chapter 12
INDIVIDUAL COMBAT EQUIPMENT JUMP LOADS ..................................... 12-1

Section I Load Placement .......................................................................... 12-1
Load Distribution ............................................................................................... 12-1
Considerations .................................................................................................. 12-1
Section II Life Preservers .......................................................................... 12-3
Tactical Floatation Support System .................................................................. 12-3
B-7 Life Preserver ............................................................................................. 12-5
B-5 Life Preserver ............................................................................................. 12-6
Life Preserver Unit 10/P .................................................................................... 12-6
Section III Harnesses and Lowering Line ................................................ 12-7
Harness, Single-Point Release ......................................................................... 12-7
Hook-Pile Tape Lowering Line (Modified) ......................................................... 12-8
Section IV ALICE Packs and Load-Bearing Equipment ....................... 12-10
ALICE Pack, Without Frame ........................................................................... 12-10
ALICE Pack, With Frame ................................................................................ 12-10
Attachment of Hook-Pile Tape Lowering Line to the Harness, Single-Point
Release ........................................................................................................... 12-12
Harness Attachment, Single-Point Release, and ALICE Pack to Parachutist 12-13
Tandem Load Attached to Parachutist............................................................ 12-14
Tandem Loads Released and Lowered With Harness, Single-Point Release 12-15
Jumping of Exposed Load-Bearing Equipment .............................................. 12-16
Load-Bearing Equipment ................................................................................ 12-17
Enhanced Tactical Load-Bearing Vest ........................................................... 12-17
Section V Adjustable Individual Weapons Case ................................... 12-17
M1950 Weapons Case Secured to Parachutist .............................................. 12-17
M1950 Weapons Case Attached to Parachutist ............................................. 12-18
Section VI M16/M4 Rifle/M203 Grenade Launcher ................................ 12-18
Hazards ........................................................................................................... 12-18
M16 Rifle/M4/M203 Grenade Launcher Exposed ........................................... 12-18
M16/M4 Rifle/M203 Grenade Launcher Packed in M1950 ............................. 12-20
Section VII M240B Machine Gun ............................................................. 12-20
M240B Packed Assembled ............................................................................. 12-20
M240B Packed Disassembled ........................................................................ 12-20
Section VIII M249 Machine Gun .............................................................. 12-21
M1950 Weapons Case Use With M249 Machine Gun ................................... 12-21
Attachment to Parachutist ............................................................................... 12-21
Section IX M224 60-mm Mortar ............................................................... 12-22
Major Components .......................................................................................... 12-22
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Load Distribution ............................................................................................. 12-23

Instructions for Rigging ................................................................................... 12-23
Section X AT4 Jump Pack (AT4JP)......................................................... 12-26
Components .................................................................................................... 12-26
AT4 Jump Pack Rigged .................................................................................. 12-27
AT4 Jump Pack and ALICE Pack Rigged ....................................................... 12-29
Attached Equipment - Stowed Lowering Line ................................................. 12-31
Attached Equipment - Modified Stowed Lowering Line .................................. 12-32
ALICE Pack and AT4 Jump Pack Released ................................................... 12-34
Rigging the IOTV Vest With the ATPS/T-11 Parachute System .................... 12-35
Section XI Weapons/Equipment Container System .............................. 12-37
Components .................................................................................................... 12-37
Rigging Loads in Front-Mount Container ........................................................ 12-37
Rigging Loads for Side-Mount Container ........................................................ 12-38
Rigging AIRPAC as Tandem Load HPT Lowering Line.................................. 12-39
AIRPAC Attached to Parachutist .................................................................... 12-39
Section XII Stinger Missile Jump Pack .................................................. 12-40
Components .................................................................................................... 12-40
Rigging Procedures......................................................................................... 12-41
Stinger Missile Jump Pack Attached to Parachutist ....................................... 12-43
Individual Jump Procedures ............................................................................ 12-43
Section XIII Ranger Antiarmor/Antiperonnel Weapons System .......... 12-43
Components and Container Description ......................................................... 12-44
RAAWS Rigging Procedures .......................................................................... 12-44
Equipment Attached to Parachutist ................................................................. 12-46
Section XIV Medic Jump Pack ................................................................ 12-46
Rigging of M82 Medic Jump Pack .................................................................. 12-46
Chapter 13
ARCTIC RIGGING ............................................................................................ 13-1

Section I Arctic Equipment Space Considerations................................. 13-1
Weight Factors .................................................................................................. 13-1
Modifications ..................................................................................................... 13-1
Section II Snowshoes and Individual Weapon ........................................ 13-2
Snowshoes Without Weapon ............................................................................ 13-2
Snowshoes With Weapon Exposed .................................................................. 13-3
Jumping Snowshoes With M1950 Weapons Case ........................................... 13-4
Section III Tandem Load on Single Lowering Line ................................. 13-5
Rigged Load ...................................................................................................... 13-5
Moutain Safety Research Snowshoes ............................................................ 13-10
Section IV Skis Jumped With Weapon and MOLLE/ALICE Pack ........ 13-15
Skis and Rifle .................................................................................................. 13-15
Skis and MOLLE/ALICE Pack With AIRPAC Side-Mount Container .............. 13-15
AIRPAC Side-Mount Container Rigging Procedures ...................................... 13-16
AIRPAC Side-Mount Container Technical Inspection Procedures ................ 13-22
Chapter 14
SERIES CONTAINERS .................................................................................... 14-1

Section I Rigging Procedures ................................................................... 14-1
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Assemblies ........................................................................................................ 14-1

Webbing ............................................................................................................ 14-1
Hazardous Materials ......................................................................................... 14-1
Section II A-7A Cargo Sling ....................................................................... 14-2
Components ...................................................................................................... 14-2
Characteristics .................................................................................................. 14-2
Two-Strap Bundle ............................................................................................. 14-2
Three-Strap Bundle ........................................................................................... 14-2
Four-Strap Bundle ............................................................................................. 14-3
Section III A-21 Cargo Bag ........................................................................ 14-3
Components ...................................................................................................... 14-3
Characteristics .................................................................................................. 14-3
Method of Rigging ............................................................................................. 14-4
Section IV Cargo Parachute Rigging on a Series ................................... 14-4
Containers ......................................................................................................... 14-4
Inspection .......................................................................................................... 14-4
Attachment ........................................................................................................ 14-4
PART FOUR. AIRCRAFT

Chapter 15
AIRCRAFT TYPES AND JUMP ALTITUDES .................................................. 15-1

Section I Aircraft Types ............................................................................. 15-1
Section II Jump Altitudes .......................................................................... 15-1
Minimum Jump Altitudes ................................................................................... 15-1
Section III High-Elevation Jumping .......................................................... 15-4
Chapter 16
HIGH-PERFORMANCE TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT ......................................... 16-1

Section I Lockheed C-130E/H/J/J-30 Hercules/Super Hercules ............. 16-1
Configurations ................................................................................................... 16-2
Aircraft Operation .............................................................................................. 16-8
Jump Commands .............................................................................................. 16-8
Jump Procedures .............................................................................................. 16-8
Time Warnings .................................................................................................. 16-9
C-130 Jumpmaster Checklist .......................................................................... 16-10
Towed Jumper Procedures ............................................................................. 16-12
Section II Lockheed MC-130E/H/P/W ...................................................... 16-13
Configurations ................................................................................................. 16-13
Time Warnings ................................................................................................ 16-14
MC-130 Jumpmaster Checklist ....................................................................... 16-14
Section III Boeing C-17A Globemaster III ............................................... 16-14
Seating Configurations .................................................................................... 16-14
Supervisory Personnel Required .................................................................... 16-16
Time Warnings ................................................................................................ 16-16
Jump Commands ............................................................................................ 16-17
Door Check Procedures .................................................................................. 16-17
Door Bundle Procedures and Ejection ............................................................ 16-18
Safety Precautions .......................................................................................... 16-18
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Jumpmaster Aircraft Inspection ...................................................................... 16-20

Section IV BA-18 Back Automatic Parachute ........................................ 16-22
BA-18 Inspection Criteria ................................................................................ 16-22
Planned and Unplanned Exits ......................................................................... 16-23
Section V Advanced Emergency Bailout Parachute............................. 16-24
Advanced Emergency Bailout Parachute Inspection ...................................... 16-24
Planned and Unplanned Exits ......................................................................... 16-30
Chapter 17
ROTARY-WING AIRCRAFT ............................................................................ 17-1

Section I Safety Considerations ............................................................... 17-1
Ground Training ................................................................................................ 17-1
Movement in Aircraft ......................................................................................... 17-1
Reserve Parachute ........................................................................................... 17-1
Space Limitations .............................................................................................. 17-1
Six-Second Count ............................................................................................. 17-1
Static Lines and Deployment Bags ................................................................... 17-1
Crowded Conditions .......................................................................................... 17-2
Container Loads ................................................................................................ 17-2
Hookup Procedures .......................................................................................... 17-2
Towed Parachutist Procedures ......................................................................... 17-2
Section II UH-1 SERIES .............................................................................. 17-2
Preparation and Inspection ............................................................................... 17-3
Loading Techniques and Seating Configuration ............................................... 17-5
Jump Commands .............................................................................................. 17-6
Section III UH-72A Light Utility Helicopter ............................................... 17-7
Prepration and Inspection ................................................................................. 17-8
Installing the Safety Strap for Static Line Personnel ....................................... 17-15
Loading Techniques and Searing Configuration ............................................. 17-16
Jump Commands ............................................................................................ 17-19
Personnel ........................................................................................................ 17-20
Section IV UH-60-Series Black Hawk ..................................................... 17-20
Preparation and Inspection ............................................................................. 17-21
Loading Techniques and Seating Configuration ............................................. 17-25
Jump Procedures ............................................................................................ 17-28
Jump Commands ............................................................................................ 17-28
Safety Belt Modification .................................................................................. 17-29
Section V CH-47 Chinook ........................................................................ 17-30
Seating Configuration ..................................................................................... 17-32
Jump Procedures ............................................................................................ 17-32
Jump Commands ............................................................................................ 17-32
Chapter 18
OTHER SERVICE AIRCRAFT ......................................................................... 18-1

Section I CH-53 Sea Stallion ...................................................................... 18-1
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Jump Commands and Procedures ................................................................... 18-3
Safety Precautions ............................................................................................ 18-4
Section II CH-46 Sea Knight ...................................................................... 18-4
Jump Commands and Procedures ................................................................... 18-8
Section III CH/HH-3 Jolly Green Giant .................................................... 18-10
Jump Commands and Procedures ................................................................. 18-12
Section IV V-22 Osprey Aircraft .............................................................. 18-13
Aircraft Restrictions ......................................................................................... 18-14
Movement in the Aircraft ................................................................................. 18-14
Reserve Parachute ......................................................................................... 18-14
Space Limitations ............................................................................................ 18-14
Combination of Personnel and Cargo ............................................................. 18-15
Static Lines and Deployment Bags ................................................................. 18-15
Crowded Conditions ........................................................................................ 18-15
Static Line Operations ..................................................................................... 18-15
Jump Commands and Procedures ................................................................. 18-16
Loadmaster Briefing ........................................................................................ 18-18
Time Warnings ................................................................................................ 18-18
Jumpmaster Aircraft Inspection ...................................................................... 18-18
Section V UH-1N/Y Iroquois .................................................................... 18-19
Jump Commands ............................................................................................ 18-24
Personnel ........................................................................................................ 18-25
Air Delivery Containers ................................................................................... 18-25
Arctic Operations ............................................................................................. 18-25
Chapter 19
NONSTANDARD AIRCRAFT .......................................................................... 19-1

Section I Procedure Modifications in Nonstandard Aircraft .................. 19-1
Shuffle ............................................................................................................... 19-1
Stand in the Door Command ............................................................................ 19-1
GO Command ................................................................................................... 19-2
Section II C-7A Caribou ............................................................................. 19-2
Seating Configuration ....................................................................................... 19-2
Supervisory Personnel Required ...................................................................... 19-2
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Anchor Line Cable Assemblies ......................................................................... 19-2

Jump Commands .............................................................................................. 19-3
Ramp Jumping .................................................................................................. 19-3
Door Jumping .................................................................................................... 19-4
Safety Precautions ............................................................................................ 19-5
Section III C 23B/B+ Sherpa ...................................................................... 19-5
Drop Procedures ............................................................................................... 19-6
Seating Configuration ....................................................................................... 19-6
Anchor Line Cable Assemblies ......................................................................... 19-7
Static Line Retrieval System ............................................................................. 19-7
Supervisory Personnel Required ...................................................................... 19-7
Loading Parachutists......................................................................................... 19-8
Jump Commands and Time Warnings.............................................................. 19-8
Cargo Operations ............................................................................................ 19-11
Section IV C-27A (Aeritalia G-222) .......................................................... 19-11
Jump Commands ............................................................................................ 19-12
Over the Ramp Operations ............................................................................. 19-13
Joint Preflight Inspection ................................................................................. 19-13
Loadmaster Briefing ........................................................................................ 19-14
Time Warnings ................................................................................................ 19-14
Additional Safety Precautions ......................................................................... 19-15
C-27A Jumpmaster Checklist ......................................................................... 19-15
Section V C-46 Commando ..................................................................... 19-18
C-46 Jump Commands ................................................................................... 19-18
Safety Personnel/Jumpmaster Responsibilities .............................................. 19-18
Section VI C-47 Skytrain/DC-3 (Contract Aircraft) ............................... 19-19
Aircraft Restrictions ......................................................................................... 19-19
Reserve Parachute ......................................................................................... 19-19
Space Limitations ............................................................................................ 19-20
Static Lines and Deployment Bags ................................................................. 19-20
Anchor Line Cable........................................................................................... 19-20
Preparation of the Aircraft ............................................................................... 19-20
Section VII C-212 (Casa 212) ................................................................... 19-22
Jump Commands ............................................................................................ 19-24
Towed Parachutist Procedures ....................................................................... 19-25
Aircraft Configuration for Ramp Static Line Personnel Airdrop ...................... 19-25
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C-212 Jumpmaster Checklist .......................................................................... 19-26
PART FIVE.
Chapter 20
DROP ZONES
PROCEDURES ................................................................................................. 20-1

Section I Drop Altitudes and Airdrop Methods ....................................... 20-1
Drop Altitude ..................................................................................................... 20-1
Method of Airdrop .............................................................................................. 20-2
Obstacles .......................................................................................................... 20-2
Types of Airdrop ................................................................................................ 20-3
Access to Area .................................................................................................. 20-4
Size ................................................................................................................... 20-4
Section II Airdrop Release Methods and Personnel ............................... 20-8
Methods ............................................................................................................ 20-9
Organization ...................................................................................................... 20-9
Drop Zone Safety Officer Duties ....................................................................... 20-9
Drop Zone Support Team/Leader Duties ........................................................ 20-12
Briefing Checklist ............................................................................................ 20-14
Equipment ....................................................................................................... 20-14
Chapter 21
FORMULAS AND COMPUTATIONS ............................................................... 21-1

Section I Ground Marking/Verbally Initiated Release Systems ............. 21-1
Section II Wind Drift ................................................................................... 21-2
Section III Wind Velocity ............................................................................ 21-4
Section IV Forward Throw ......................................................................... 21-6
Section V Drop Headings, Point of Impact, Wind Drift Compensation, and
Forward Throw Compensation ...................................................................... 21-7
Chapter 22
ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION ............................................................ 22-1

Section I Computed Air Release Point ..................................................... 22-1
Section II Drop Zone Markings .................................................................. 22-2
Section III Ground Marking Release System ........................................... 22-3
Section IV Guidance Procedures .............................................................. 22-9
Acceptable Wind Limitations ........................................................................... 22-11
Anemometers .................................................................................................. 22-11
Ten-Minute Window ........................................................................................ 22-12
Section V Postmission Requirements ................................................... 22-12
Section VI Surveys ................................................................................... 22-15
Chapter 23
MALFUNCTION OFFICER ............................................................................... 23-1

Section I Malfunction Officer Qualifications and Duties ........................ 23-1
Section II Investigating Malfuctions and Incidents ................................. 23-2
Section III Reporting Malfunctions and Incidents ................................... 23-4
Section VI Investigations by the Malfunction Officer ............................. 23-5
Section V General Reporting Requirements ........................................... 23-5
PART SIX.
Chapter 24
October 2013
SPECIAL PROCEDURES
ADVERSE WEATHER AERIAL DELIVERY SYSTEM .................................... 24-1
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Section I Multiple Mission Support........................................................... 24-1

Section II Training and Preparation .......................................................... 24-1
Section III Modified Jumpmaster Duties .................................................. 24-1
Section IV Modified Parachutist Actions ................................................. 24-2
Chapter 25
DELIBERATE WATER DROP ZONE OPERATIONS ..................................... 25-1

Section I Jump Conditions ........................................................................ 25-1
Section II Personnel and Equipment ........................................................ 25-1
Section III Parachutist Requirements ....................................................... 25-2
Section IV Organization and Equipment of Drop Zone Detail ............... 25-3
Section V Safe Conditions ......................................................................... 25-6
Section VI Jump Recovery Procedures ................................................... 25-7
Boat Commander/Coxswain ............................................................................. 25-7
Safety Swimmers .............................................................................................. 25-7
Recovery Helicopter .......................................................................................... 25-8
Section VII Water Drop Zone Prejump Training ...................................... 25-8
Six Points of Performance for Water Jumps ..................................................... 25-8
Section VIII Procedures for Water Landings With a Life Preserver ...... 25-8
Deliberate Water Landing With the B-7 Life Preserver ..................................... 25-9
Deliberate Water Landing With UDT Life Preserver ....................................... 25-10
Deliberate Water Landing With the TFSS-5326 ............................................. 25-11
Section IX Landing Procedures .............................................................. 25-12
Section X Officer in Charge Responsibilities ........................................ 25-12
Chapter 26
EXIT PROCEDURES ........................................................................................ 26-1

Section I Alternate Door Exit Procedures for Training ........................... 26-1
Option 1 ............................................................................................................. 26-1
Option 2 ............................................................................................................. 26-2
Section II Mass Exits .................................................................................. 26-2
Chapter 27
COMBAT AIRBORNE OPERATIONS ............................................................. 27-1

Section I Modifications to Personnel and Equipment Procedures ....... 27-1
Section II Movement From Assembly Areas ........................................... 27-2
Section III Landing Plan ............................................................................. 27-2
Section IV Heavy Drop Loads ................................................................... 27-3
Section V Injured Personnel...................................................................... 27-3
Section VI Supplies .................................................................................... 27-3
Appendix A
REFRESHER TRAINING .................................................................................. A-1
Appendix B
JUMPMASTER TRAINING COURSE ............................................................... B-1
Appendix C
JUMPMASTER REFRESHER COURSE .......................................................... C-1
Appendix D
EMERGENCY LANDINGS ................................................................................ D-1

Section I Water Obstacles .......................................................................... D-1
Risk Assessment Analysis ................................................................................. D-1
Planning Considerations .................................................................................... D-2
Section II Wire .............................................................................................. D-3
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Section III Trees ........................................................................................... D-5
Coverage ............................................................................................................ D-6
Section IV Aids ............................................................................................ D-6
Drop Zone Risk Assessment Decision Matrix .................................................... D-6
Leaders Checklists ............................................................................................ D-7
Appendix E
SUSTAIN AIRBORNE TRAINING ..................................................................... E-1

Section I T-11 Prejump ................................................................................ E-1
The Five Points of Performance ........................................................................ E-1
Section II T-10 Prejump ............................................................................... E-5
Section III MC-1 Prejump ............................................................................ E-8
Collisions and Entanglements .......................................................................... E-10
Section VI MC-6 Prejump .......................................................................... E-12
The Five Points of Performance ...................................................................... E-12
Appendix F
T-11/MC-6 TRANSITION TRAINING ................................................................. F-1

GLOSSARY .......................................................................................... Glossary-1
REFERENCES.................................................................................. References-1
INDEX ......................................................................................................... Index-1
Figures
Figure 2-1. T-10-series harness assembly ............................................................................ 2-2
Figure 2-2. Deployment bag and pack tray components with universal static line ................ 2-4
Figure 2-3. Universal static line components ......................................................................... 2-5
Figure 2-4. Universal static line snap hook ............................................................................ 2-6
Figure 2-5. T-10-series parachute pack tray .......................................................................... 2-7
Figure 2-6. Pilot parachute with bridle line assembly and deployment weight .................... 2-10
Figure 2-7. Deployment assistance device .......................................................................... 2-11
Figure 2-8. Canopy assembly .............................................................................................. 2-13
Figure 2-9. MIRPS pack tray outside view ........................................................................... 2-14
Figure 2-10. MIRPS pack tray inside view and nomenclature ............................................. 2-14
Figure 2-11. MIRPS reserve parachute pack tray (front) ..................................................... 2-15
Figure 2-12. MIRPS reserve parachute pack tray and nomenclature (back) ...................... 2-16
Figure 2-13. MIRPS rip cord assembly nomenclature ......................................................... 2-18
Figure 2-14. MIRPS soft loop center pull pack tray with open rip cord protector flap. ........ 2-19
Figure 2-15. MIRPS soft loop center pull pack tray with closed rip cord protector flap ....... 2-19
Figure 2-16. T-11 harness assembly ................................................................................... 2-21
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Figure 2-17. T-11 riser assembly ......................................................................................... 2-22

Figure 2-18. MC-6 riser assembly........................................................................................ 2-23
Figure 2-19. T-11/MC-6 universal static line modified and universal static line snap hook . 2-24
Figure 2-20. MC-6 main canopy pack tray and nomenclature ............................................. 2-25
Figure 2-21. T-11 main canopy diagram .............................................................................. 2-27
Figure 2-22. MC-6 main canopy diagram ............................................................................ 2-29
Figure 2-23. Extractor parachute ......................................................................................... 2-30
Figure 2-24. T-11 ejector spring and related components ................................................... 2-30
Figure 2-25. T-11 reserve canopy........................................................................................ 2-31
Figure 2-26. Reserve riser assembly ................................................................................... 2-32
Figure 2-27. T-11 reserve pack tray..................................................................................... 2-33
Figure 2-28. T-11 rip cord handle ........................................................................................ 2-34
Figure 2-29. Stowing the parachute ..................................................................................... 2-35
Figure 2-30. Troop parachute harness, fitted ...................................................................... 2-38
Figure 2-31. Ballistic helmet with modified retention strap and foam impact pad................ 2-42
Figure 2-32. Ballistic helmet with camouflage cover and nomenclature .............................. 2-43
Figure 2-33. Ballistic helmet foam with parachutist impact liner .......................................... 2-44
Figure 2-34. Installation of parachutist impact liner ............................................................. 2-45
Figure 2-35. Advanced combat helmet ................................................................................ 2-46
Figure 2-36. Advanced combat helmet pads ....................................................................... 2-47
Figure 2-37. Advanced combat helmet adjustable straps .................................................... 2-48
Figure 2-38. Advanced combat helmet held in place for initial adjustment ......................... 2-48
Figure 2-39. Backstraps adjustment .................................................................................... 2-49
Figure 2-40. Adjust two front straps ..................................................................................... 2-49
Figure 2-41. Front and backstraps adjustment .................................................................... 2-50
Figure 2-42. Position nape pad ............................................................................................ 2-51
Figure 2-43. Advanced combat helmet too loose ................................................................ 2-52
Figure 2-44. Advanced combat helmet sits too high ............................................................ 2-53
Figure 2-45. Advanced combat helmet sits too low ............................................................. 2-54
Figure 3-1. Landing attitude ................................................................................................... 3-6
Figure 3-2. Tree landing attitude ............................................................................................ 3-6
Figure 3-3. Landing without a life preserver........................................................................... 3-9
Figure 3-4. Landing with a B-7 life preserver ......................................................................... 3-9
Figure 3-5. Wire landing attitude .......................................................................................... 3-10
Figure 3-6. Landing attitude ................................................................................................. 3-21
Figure 3-7. Tree landing attitude .......................................................................................... 3-21
Figure 3-8. Landing without a life preserver......................................................................... 3-23
Figure 3-9. Landing with a B-7 life preserver ....................................................................... 3-23
Figure 3-10. Wire landing attitude ........................................................................................ 3-24
Figure 4-1. Parachute landing fall sequence ......................................................................... 4-2
Figure 4-2. Lateral drift apparatus .......................................................................................... 4-4
Figure 4-3. Swing landing trainer ........................................................................................... 4-5
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Figure 4-4. Personnel positioning for the swing landing trainer ............................................. 4-6
Figure 4-5. Mock door apparatus ......................................................................................... 4-10
Figure 4-6. Shuffle position .................................................................................................. 4-12
Figure 4-7. Static line bight .................................................................................................. 4-12
Figure 4-8. Suspended harness ........................................................................................... 4-14
Figure 4-9. Tower, 34-foot.................................................................................................... 4-16
Figure 4-10. Tower personnel positions ............................................................................... 4-19
Figure 4-11. Hand-towed drag pad ...................................................................................... 4-21
Figure 4-12. Canopy release assembly ............................................................................... 4-22
Figure 5-1. GET READY ........................................................................................................ 5-2
Figure 5-2. OUTBOARD PERSONNEL, STAND UP ............................................................. 5-3
Figure 5-3. INBOARD PERSONNEL, STAND UP ................................................................. 5-4
Figure 5-4. HOOK UP ............................................................................................................ 5-5
Figure 5-5. CHECK STATIC LINES ....................................................................................... 5-6
Figure 5-6. CHECK EQUIPMENT .......................................................................................... 5-7
Figure 5-7. SOUND OFF FOR EQUIPMENT CHECK ........................................................... 5-8
Figure 5-8. STAND BY ........................................................................................................... 5-9
Figure 5-9. Jumper execution upon receiving the command, STAND BY ............................. 5-9
Figure 8-1. Wire landing attitude .......................................................................................... 8-10
Figure 10-1. Jumpmaster safety check door position, right door ......................................... 10-4
Figure 10-2. Jumpmaster safety check door position, left door ........................................... 10-4
Figure 12-1. TFSS-5326 fastened to a Soldiers waist belt ................................................. 12-4
Figure 12-2. Left and right TFSS-5326 pouches ................................................................. 12-5
Figure 12-3. Inflated chamber to support the person under the arms ................................. 12-5
Figure 12-4. Harness, single-point release .......................................................................... 12-7
Figure 12-5. Hook-pile tape lowering line ............................................................................ 12-8
Figure 12-6. Method for attaching hook-pile tape and stencil markings .............................. 12-9
Figure 12-7. Hook-pile tape lowering line stowed .............................................................. 12-10
Figure 12-8. Release handle assembly ............................................................................. 12-11
Figure 12-9. Harness routed .............................................................................................. 12-12
Figure 12-10. Leg straps routed ......................................................................................... 12-12
Figure 12-11. Parachutist adjusts leg straps...................................................................... 12-14
Figure 12-12. Tandem load attached ................................................................................. 12-15
Figure 12-13. Binoculars and protective mask carrier rigged ............................................ 12-16
Figure 12-14. Tie-downs .................................................................................................... 12-19
Figure 12-15. Rifle positioned with muzzle down .............................................................. 12-19
Figure 12-16. M203 grenade launcher, padded and taped ............................................... 12-20
Figure 12-17. M249 Machine gun rigged as single item to be lowered ............................. 12-22
Figure 12-18. Components, M224 60-mm mortar ............................................................. 12-23
Figure 12-19. M224 60-mm mortar barrel packed ............................................................. 12-24
Figure 12-20. M224 60-mm mortar bipod with case .......................................................... 12-25
Figure 12-21. M224 60-mm mortar bipod in case .............................................................. 12-25
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Figure 12-22. Assistant gunners case completed for jumping .......................................... 12-25
Figure 12-23. Aiming posts packed and secure ................................................................ 12-26
Figure 12-24. Large baseplate secured to frame ............................................................... 12-26
Figure 12-25. Pack adjusting straps routed through baseplate ......................................... 12-26
Figure 12-26. H-harness secured to pack and baseplate .................................................. 12-26
Figure 12-27. AT4 nomenclature ....................................................................................... 12-27
Figure 12-28. AT4 weapon round positioned ..................................................................... 12-28
Figure 12-29. Positioning the M16 ..................................................................................... 12-28
Figure 12-30. Pack closed ................................................................................................. 12-29
Figure 12-31. Running ends secured ................................................................................. 12-29
Figure 12-32. Hook-pile tape lowering line stowed ............................................................ 12-30
Figure 12-33. Attaching strap secured ............................................................................... 12-30
Figure 12-34. Modified hook-pile tape lowering line stowed for tandem load .................... 12-31
Figure 12-35. Attachment of equipment to parachutist ...................................................... 12-32
Figure 12-37. Left adjustable leg strap routed around the AT4JP ..................................... 12-34
Figure 12-38. Waistband extension strap, installed ........................................................... 12-36
Figure 12-39. Waistband extension, locally manufactured ................................................ 12-36
Figure 13-1. Modified waistband routed on parachute harness .......................................... 13-2
Figure 13-2. Snowshoes without weapon ............................................................................ 13-3
Figure 13-3. Snowshoes with weapon ................................................................................. 13-4
Figure 13-4. Snowshoes with M203 ..................................................................................... 13-4
Figure 13-5. Snowshoes with weapons case....................................................................... 13-5
Figure 13-6. Parachutist rigged to jump left door ................................................................. 13-6
Figure 13-7. Lowering line assembly attached for a tandem load ....................................... 13-7
Figure 13-8. Upper and lower tie-downs .............................................................................. 13-8
Figure 13-9. Left side view with weapons ............................................................................ 13-9
Figure 13-10. Arctic equipment released and lowered ...................................................... 13-10
Figure 13-11. Mountain Safety Research Snowshoes ...................................................... 13-11
Figure 13-12. Snowshoes under the closing flap or placed on the inside of the MOLLE I 13-12
Figure 13-13. Snowshoes under the closing flap or placed on the inside of the ALICE .... 13-12
Figure 13-14. ALICE pack rigged with Mountain Safety Research snowshoes ................ 13-13
Figure 13-15. MOLLE I rigged with Mountain Safety Research snowshoes ..................... 13-14
Figure 13-16. ALICE pack rigged with Mountain Safety Research snowshoes ................ 13-15
Figure 13-17. Placement of friction adapters ..................................................................... 13-16
Figure 13-18. Ski placement .............................................................................................. 13-17
Figure 13-19. Placement of internal securing strap ........................................................... 13-18
Figure 13-20. Folding excess weapons container material ............................................... 13-19
Figure 13-21. Placement of weapon in container .............................................................. 13-20
Figure 13-22. Container with a quick-release knot ............................................................ 13-21
Figure 13-23. Jumper with side-mount container and tandem load .................................. 13-22
Figure 16-1. C-130E/H/J configurations ............................................................................... 16-2
Figure 16-2. C-130J-30 configurations ................................................................................ 16-3
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Figure 16-3. C-130 E/H/J configuration ............................................................................... 16-4

Figure 16-4. C-130 J-30 configuration ................................................................................. 16-5
Figure 16-5. C-130 E/H/J configuration ............................................................................... 16-7
Figure 16-6. C-130/J-30 configuration ................................................................................. 16-7
Figure 16-7. Static line grasped with reverse bight .............................................................. 16-9
Figure 16-8. Personnel locations ......................................................................................... 16-9
Figure 16-9. C-17A ADP-1 seating configuration, sidewall seats only .............................. 16-15
Figure 16-10. C-17A ADP-2 seating configuration, sidewall and center seats .................. 16-15
Figure 16-11. C-17A ADP-3 seating configuration, sidewall and center seats/ATGL ....... 16-16
Figure 16-12. Advanced emergency bailout parachute ..................................................... 16-25
Figure 16-13. Inspect the tuck flaps ................................................................................... 16-25
Figure 16-14. Inspect rip cord pin ...................................................................................... 16-26
Figure 16-15. Inspect the right links ................................................................................... 16-27
Figure 16-16. Inspect front rip cord housing tacking .......................................................... 16-28
Figure 16-17. Inspect left links ........................................................................................... 16-29
Figure 17-1. UH-1 series Iroquois ........................................................................................ 17-3
Figure 17-2. UH-1 exposed fixtures padded ........................................................................ 17-4
Figure 17-3. UH-1 series anchor line systems ..................................................................... 17-4
Figure 17-5. UH-1 seating configuration, expedient anchor line system ............................. 17-6
Figure 17-6. UH-1 seating configuration, overhead anchor line system .............................. 17-6
Figure 17-7. UH-72A light utility helicopter .......................................................................... 17-8
Figure 17-8. Right side of aircraft shown with tape .............................................................. 17-8
Figure 17-9. Left aircraft exterior shown with tape ............................................................... 17-9
Figure 17-10. Left aircraft exterior shown with tape and skid pad cover ........................... 17-10
Figure 17-11. Location of aft static line anchor device ...................................................... 17-10
Figure 17-12 Location of forward static line anchor device ............................................... 17-11
Figure 17-13. O-rings of each anchor device facing each other ........................................ 17-11
Figure 17-14. Installation of safety roll pins on each anchor device .................................. 17-12
Figure 17-15. Aft and forward anchor devices shown with tape after installation of safety
roll pin ............................................................................................................. 17-12
Figure 17-16. Anchor line system shown with running end of strap oriented toward front
of aircraft and with D-rings toward skin of aircraft .......................................... 17-13
Figure 17-17. Safety wire installed through snap hook of anchor line system .................. 17-14
Figure 17-18. End of safety wire wrapped around snap hook of anchor line system ........ 17-14
Figure 17-19. Safety wire and snap hook taped ................................................................ 17-15
Figure 17-20. Excess webbing taped in place ................................................................... 17-15
Figure 17-21. Static line personnel safety straps ............................................................... 17-16
Figure 17-22. Seating configuration for static line personnel without combat equipment
and crew chief ................................................................................................ 17-16
Figure 17-23. Seating configuration for static line personnel without combat equipment
and crew chief ................................................................................................ 17-17
Figure 17-24. Seating configuration for static line personnel with combat equipment and
crew chief........................................................................................................ 17-18
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Figure 17-25. Static line snap hook faced toward aircraft skin .......................................... 17-18
Figure 17-26. Slack retainer stowed properly .................................................................... 17-19
Figure 17-27. Safety strap shown across parachutist No. 1 .............................................. 17-19
Figure 17-28. UH-60-series Black Hawk............................................................................ 17-21
Figure 17-29. UH-60 series compartment prepared for jumping ....................................... 17-21
Figure 17-30. UH-60 series door edge padded and taped ................................................ 17-22
Figure 17-31. UH-60 series anchor line ............................................................................. 17-23
Figure 17-32. UH-60 series anchor line secured to floor ................................................... 17-23
Figure 17-33. UH-60 series jumpmasters intercom stowed overhead .............................. 17-25
Figure 17-34. UH-60 series seating and static line routing ................................................ 17-25
Figure 17-35. Nos. 4 and 8 with static line bight and safety belt secured ......................... 17-26
Figure 17-36. Parachutists (left door) with safety belt secured ......................................... 17-27
Figure 17-37. Parachutists (right door) with safety belt secured ....................................... 17-27
Figure 17-38. Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 exit positions ......................................................... 17-29
Figure 17-39. Modified C-3A troop safety belts ................................................................. 17-30
Figure 17-40. CH-47 Chinook ............................................................................................ 17-31
Figure 17-41. CH-47 anchor line cable attachment ........................................................... 17-31
Figure 17-42. CH-47 seating configuration ........................................................................ 17-32
Figure 17-43. CH-47 static line routing .............................................................................. 17-34
Figure 18-1. CH-53 Sea Stallion .......................................................................................... 18-1
Figure 18-2. CH-53 anchor line installation.......................................................................... 18-2
Figure 18-3. CH-53 seating configuration ............................................................................ 18-3
Figure 18-4. CH-46 Sea Knight ............................................................................................ 18-5
Figure 18-5. CH-46 anchor line cable installation ................................................................ 18-7
Figure 18-6. CH-46 door frame preparation......................................................................... 18-7
Figure 18-7. CH-46 door jump ............................................................................................. 18-9
Figure 18-8. CH-46 ramp jump .......................................................................................... 18-10
Figure 18-9. CH/HH-3 Jolly Green Giant ........................................................................... 18-10
Figure 18-10. CH/HH-3 anchor line cable .......................................................................... 18-11
Figure 18-11. V-22 Osprey ................................................................................................ 18-13
Figure 18-12. Flight modes of V-22 Osprey aircraft (helicopter mode) ............................. 18-13
Figure 18-13. Flight modes of V-22 Osprey aircraft (conversion mode) ............................ 18-14
Figure 18-14. Flight modes of V-22 Osprey aircraft (aircraft mode) .................................. 18-14
Figure 18-15. Seating configuration (noncombat-equipped jumpers) ............................... 18-16
Figure 18-16. UH-1N/Y ...................................................................................................... 18-20
Figure 18-17. UH-1 exposed fixtures padded .................................................................... 18-21
Figure 18-18. UH-1 series anchor line systems ................................................................. 18-21
Figure 18-19. UH-1 modified anchor line ........................................................................... 18-22
Figure 18-20. UH-1 series modified anchor line ................................................................ 18-23
Figure 18-21. UH-1 seating configuration, expedient anchor line system ......................... 18-24
Figure 18-22. UH-1 seating configuration, overhead anchor line system .......................... 18-24
Figure 19-1. C-7A Caribou ................................................................................................... 19-2
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Figure 19-2. C-7A configuration for jumping from the ramp ................................................ 19-4
Figure 19-3. C-7A configuration for jumping from the doors ................................................ 19-4
Figure 19-4. C-23B/B+ Sherpa ............................................................................................ 19-6
Figure 19-5. Seating configuration ....................................................................................... 19-7
Figure 19-6. C-212 (Casa 212) .......................................................................................... 19-23
Figure 19-7. C-212 seating configuration........................................................................... 19-23
Figure 20-1. Drop zone support team/aircrew mission briefing checklist .......................... 20-14
Figure 21-1. Determination of the release point by WSVC .................................................. 21-3
Figure 21-2. Release point location for VIRS and GMRS .................................................... 21-8
Figure 22-1. Day CARP drop zone markings....................................................................... 22-2
Figure 22-2. Night CARP drop zone markings .................................................................... 22-2
Figure 22-3. Marking placement for inverted L and 15:1 mask clearance ratio ................... 22-5
Figure 22-4A. GMRS panel emplacement for T pattern ...................................................... 22-6
Figure 22-4B. GMRS panel emplacement for H pattern ...................................................... 22-7
Figure 22-5. Army VIRS offset ............................................................................................. 22-8
Figure 22-6. Release point location for JSJR .................................................................... 22-11
Figure 22-7. Sample - completed AF Form 4304 .............................................................. 22-14
Figure 22-8. Sample - suggested format for incident reporting ......................................... 22-15
Figure 22-9. Sample - completed AF IMT Form 3823 (front)............................................. 22-17
Figure 22-10. Sample - completed AF IMT Form 3823 (back) .......................................... 22-18
Figure 22-11. Sample - completed AF Form 3823 (front) .................................................. 22-19
Figure 22-12. Sample - completed AF Form 3823 (back) ................................................. 22-20
Figure 25-1. Landing with the B-7 life preserver ................................................................ 25-10
Figure 25-2. Landing with a UDT life preserver ................................................................. 25-11
Tables
Table 1-1. APFT standards for the 17- to 21-year-old level................................................... 1-2
Table 1-2. Typical jump week schedule ................................................................................. 1-3
Table 4-1. Common parachute landing fall errors ................................................................. 4-3
Table 12-1. Weight of parachutist ........................................................................................ 12-2
Table 12-2. Parachute load limits ........................................................................................ 12-2
Table 12-3. Packed weapon orientation and packing material required for side-mount
container ......................................................................................................... 12-39
Table 15-1. Minimum jump altitudes for all aircraft .............................................................. 15-3
Table 15 2. Parachute reliability data for varying altitudes .................................................. 15-4
Table 15-3. Time available to activate reserve parachute ................................................... 15-4
Table 16-1. C-130 E/H/J ...................................................................................................... 16-1
Table 16-2. C-130J-130 ....................................................................................................... 16-2
Table 16-3. MC-130E configurations ................................................................................. 16-13
Table 16-4. MC-130H configurations ................................................................................. 16-13
Table 16-5. MC-130P configurations ................................................................................. 16-13
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Table 16-6. MC-130W configurations ................................................................................ 16-13

Table 16-7. C-17A configurations ...................................................................................... 16-14
Table 20-1. Example calculation of drop altitude in feet ...................................................... 20-1
Table 20-2. Airdrop altitudes for rotary and fixed-wing aircraft ............................................ 20-2
Table 20-3. Minimum aerial delivery altitudes ..................................................................... 20-4
Table 20-4. Computed air release point chart ..................................................................... 20-6
Table 20-5. Computed air release point chart (continued) .................................................. 20-7
Table 20-6. Computed air release point chart (continued) .................................................. 20-8
Table 21-1. Conversion chart for 10 gram helium (pilot) balloons ....................................... 21-5
Table 21-2. Conversion chart for 30 gram helium (pilot) balloons ....................................... 21-6
Table 21-3. Fixed-wing forward throw data.......................................................................... 21-7
Table A-1. Minimum requirements of airborne refresher training .......................................... A-1
Table D-1. Drop zone risk assessment decision matrix ......................................................... D-7
Table D-2. Leaders checklist for possible water landings ..................................................... D-8
Table D-3. Leaders checklist for possible wire landings ....................................................... D-9
Table D-4. Leaders checklist for possible tree landings ..................................................... D-10
Table F-1. Minimum requirements for airborne transition training ......................................... F-1
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Preface
This training circular contains basic and advanced training and techniques for static line parachuting. It is designed
to standardize procedures for initial qualification and training of personnel in their duties and responsibilities in
airborne operations. The jumpmaster, assistant jumpmaster, safeties, DACO, DZSTL, and DZSO occupy key
positions in airborne operations. This manual contains the initial training and qualifications of the personnel
designated to occupy these critical positions.
This training circular (TC) provides all Department of Defense (DOD) Airborne personnel with techniques and
training guidelines to maintain an Airborne force. It also updates FM 3.21.220, dated 23 September 2003. This
publication supersedes FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA, SS400-AF-MMO-010, 23 Sept
2003.
This book applies to the U.S. Army, the U.S. Army National Guard (ARNG), the U.S. Army Reserve (USAR), the
United States Marine Corps, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force.
Individual service components that deviate from this manual will use approved procedures, techniques, equipment,
and equipment-attaching methods specified by their respective service. All deviations must be approved in writing
in accordance with Service regulations. The proponent for this publication is the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine
Command. The preparing agency is the U.S. Army Maneuver Center of Excellence. The U.S. Army Infantry School
is the proponent for technical and training information and procedures. Submit comments and recommendations for
improvement of this training circular on DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms).
U.S. Mail
E-mail:
Phone:
Fax:
Commander, U.S. Army Airborne School

ATTN: ATSH-TPP-A/Bldg 2747
Fort Benning, GA 31905-5593
usarmy.benning.tradoc.mbx.1-507th@mail.mil
COM 706-545-3458/DSN 835-3458
COM 706-545-6489/DSN 835-6489
Uniforms shown in this manual were drawn without camouflage for clarity of the illustration.
Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns may refer to either men or women.
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PART ONE
Basic Techniques
This part provides all the information the instructor needs to prepare students to
participate safely in static line (S/L) airborne operations.
Chapter 1
Overview
The purpose of airborne training is to qualify personnel in the use of the parachute as a
means of combat deployment. This training also develops leadership, self-confidence,
and aggressive spirit through tough mental and physical conditioning. This chapter
discusses the purpose, standards, and phases of static line parachute training. It also
provides the instructor with a list of prejump orientation topics.
SECTION I STANDARDS
1-1. Airborne training initiates and sustains a high standard of proficiency through repetition and time-proven
techniques. Valid results are obtained when the following training standards are employed:
Strict discipline.
High standards of proficiency on each training apparatus and during each phase of training.
Vigorous physical conditioning programs to ensure parachutists are capable of jumping with a
minimum risk of injury.
A strong sense of esprit de corps and camaraderie among parachutists.
Emphasis on developing mental alertness, instantaneous execution of commands, self-confidence,
and confidence in the equipment.
SECTION II PHASES
1-2. The three-week airborne course is divided into two training phases. Weeks one and two form the ground
and tower training phase. Week three is the jump training phase.
GROUND AND TOWER PHASE

1-3. Each of the five basic jump techniques pertains to a particular area of military parachuting and provides a
sequence for dividing the ground phase into six instructional segments, which are actions inside the aircraft,
body control until opening shock, parachute control during descent, parachute landing fall execution, parachute
control on landing, and physical readiness training.
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ACTIONS INSIDE THE AIRCRAFT

1-4. To ensure that the maximum number of parachutists can safely exit an aircraft, a means of controlling
their actions inside the aircraft just before exiting is necessary. The jumpmaster (JM) maintains control by
issuing jump commands. Each command calls for a specific action on the part of each parachutist.
BODY CONTROL UNTIL OPENING SHOCK

1-5. Due to aircraft speed and air turbulence around the rear of the aircraft, the parachutist must exit properly
and maintain the correct body position during and after exiting the aircraft. This action reduces spinning and
tumbling in the air and allows for proper parachute deployment.
PARACHUTE CONTROL DURING DESCENT

1-6. Parachute control is essential to avoid other parachutists in the air and to avoid hitting obstacles on the
ground.
PARACHUTE LANDING FALL EXECUTION

1-7. The parachute landing fall (PLF) is a landing technique that enables the parachutist to distribute the
landing shock over his entire body to reduce impact and the possibility of injury.
PARACHUTE CONTROL ON LANDING

1-8. The parachutist releases one canopy release assembly after landing. Winds on the drop zone (DZ) may
cause a parachutist to be injured from being dragged along the ground.
PHYSICAL READINESS TRAINING

1-9. Volunteers must achieve Army physical fitness test (APFT) standards for the 17- to 21-year-old level
prior to reporting for airborne training. (See Table 1-1 and refer to DA Pam 351-4.) Physical readiness training
is included in each day of ground training. Students who cannot progress in daily physical readiness training are
referred to a board that decides either to recycle them or to return them to their unit. Daily exercises condition
the muscle groups that play a significant part in jumping. (See Table 1-1.)
Table 1-1. APFT standards for the 17- to 21-year-old level
Event
1-2
Repetitions
Male
Female
Time Limit
Push-Ups
42
19
2 Minutes
Sit-Ups
53
53
2 Minutes
Two-Mile Run
Male
Female
15.54 Minutes
18.54 Minutes
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JUMP PHASE
1-10. Students who meet training proficiency in the basic jump techniques and the physical fitness
requirements during ground and tower week training advance to the jump training phase. During jump phase
training, the student makes five qualifying jumps from aircraft at an altitude of 1250 feet above ground level
(AGL). (See Table 1-3.)
Table 1-2. Typical jump week schedule
Jump
Number
Equipment
Type Exit
Advance Combat Helmet
ADEPT Option 2
Mass Exit
Hollywood
Advance Combat Helmet, Combat Equipment

(Talon J and M1950 Weapons Case)
Combat Equipment
Mass Exit
Mass Exit
Hollywood
Advance Combat Helmet, Combat Equipment

(Talon J and M1950 Weapons Case)
Combat Equipment
Mass Exit
5 (Night)
PREJUMP ORIENTATIONS
1-11. Students are thoroughly briefed before performing their qualification jumps. The topics include
A review of the five points of performance, collisions and entanglements, towed parachutist,
malfunctions, activation of the reserve, and emergency landings.
A summary on the maintenance of the T-10/T-11 series or the MC-1/MC-6 series personnel
parachute system to include shakeout and storage after landing.
How to don the parachute by the numbers on the first jump. Additional instructors are available for
close supervision and jumpmaster personnel inspection (JMPI).
Aircraft orientation to include enplaning and jump procedures.
Drop zone and approximate point of impact (PI) information.
The rigging, donning, and proper lowering procedures of individual combat equipment (CE).
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Personal Equipment
This chapter discusses parachute types, parachute donning, and headgear used in airborne
training.
SECTION I PARACHUTES
2-1. The T-10 series and the MC-1 series parachutes are used during static line airborne operations. The T-10
series is a nonsteerable canopy. The MC-1 series is a steerable canopy. The main parachute consists of five
major components: harness assembly, riser assembly, deployment bag, pack tray, and canopy assembly. The
Modified Improved Reserve Parachute System (MIRPS) T-10 troop chest reserve parachute is used in
conjunction with the main parachute. MC-1 and T-10 series parachute types include:
T-10C Troop Back Parachute Assembly,

35-foot diameter.
NSN 1670-01-248-9502.
MC-1 1D Troop Back Parachute

Assembly, 35-foot diameter,
maneuverable.
NSN 1670-01-487-0777.
T-10D Troop Back Parachute Assembly,

35-foot diameter.
NSN 1670-01-484-2234.
MC-1 1E Troop Back Parachute

maneuverable.
NSN 1670-01-499-6573.
MC-1 1B Troop Back Parachute

maneuverable.
NSN 1670-00-598-0751.
T-10R Troop Chest Reserve,

24-foot diameter.
NSN 167-00-892-4218.
MC-1 1C Troop Back Parachute

maneuverable.
NSN 1670-01-262-2359.
Modified Improved Reserve Parachute

System, (MIRPS),
NSN 1670-00-892-4218.
Soft Loop Center Pull (SLCP) MIRPS

NSN 1670-01-420-4256.
HARNESS ASSEMBLY
2-2. The T-10 series harness assembly (See Figure 2-1.) is used with the T-10 series and MC-1 series main
canopies.
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Figure 2-1. T-10-series harness assembly
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COMPONENTS
2-3. The harness assembly, NSN 1670-01-272-1901, is made of a flexible framework of Type XIII nylon
webbing. The components attached to it are as follows:
Female fitting, canopy release assembly with a safety clip, cable loop, and latch. Rated capacity of
the assembly is 5000 pounds.
Canopy release assembly pads that are not tacked but are attached behind the canopy release
assembly.
Main lift web that is constructed of two plies of Type XIII nylon with a rated capacity of 6500
pounds.
Chest strap with an ejector snap with activating lever, ball detent, and opening gate with a rated
capacity of 2500 pounds.
Ejector snap pad is attached behind the ejector snap.
Quick-fit V-ring that has a rated capacity of 2500 pounds.
Webbing retainer that is used for stowing excess webbing.
D-rings that are used for attaching the reserve parachute and additional combat equipment. The Drings have a rated capacity of 5000 pounds.
Triangle links that are sewn into the main lift web of the harness (about 5 1/2 inches below the Drings) for attaching equipment and lowering lines.
Leg straps with an ejector snap with activating lever, ball detent, and opening gate with a rated
capacity of 2500 pounds. The parts of the leg straps (ejector snap pads, quick-fit V-rings, and
webbing retainers) are identical to the chest strap.
Saddle (Type XIII nylon) with two attached leg straps.
Diagonal backstraps with six sizing channels (S, 1, 2, 3, 4, and L).
Backstrap adjusters with attached free running ends of the horizontal backstrap (rolled and sewn).
ADJUSTMENT POINTS
2-4. The harness assembly has five points of adjustment: the chest strap, two leg straps, and two free running
ends of the horizontal backstrap.
RISER ASSEMBLY
2-5. The riser assembly, NSN 1670-01-007-8563, on the MC-1 series is similar to the T-10 series with the
addition of the blue confluence wrap denoting it as a steerable canopy. It also has a guide ring retainer strap, a
guide ring, and upper and lower control line channels. The riser assembly, NSN 1670-00-708-4473, on the T-10
series consists of the following:
Two riser assemblies with a finished length of 30 inches (Type XIII nylon) and a tensile strength of
6500 pounds. A male fitting canopy release assembly is permanently attached to the center of the
webbing. When attached to the canopy, the riser assemblies provide four individual risers.
Army Parachute Log record stow pocket. Opening an Army Parachute Log record by nonparachute
rigger personnel is prohibited.
Connector link loops.
L-bar connector links.
DEPLOYMENT BAG AND PACK TRAY WITH UNIVERSAL STATIC

LINE ASSEMBLY
2-6. The deployment bag, NSN 1670-01-476-3131, (See Figure 2-2.) consists of the following:
Suspension line protective flap with data block.
Suspension line protective flap tie loop.
Stow loop panel (used to retain the suspension lines).
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Two locking stow loops that keep the deployment bag closed until the first two stows of the
suspension line are pulled free.
Four connector link tie loops.
Two side flaps.
Locking stow panel.
Locking stow loop hood.
Figure 2-2. Deployment bag and pack tray components with universal static line
UNIVERSAL STATIC LINE

2-7. A girth hitch secures the 15-foot universal static line (USL), NSN 1670-01-476-3068, to the deployment
bag. The opposite end of the USL has a snap hook, which is also secured by a girth hitch. To configure the USL
to the 20-foot length, remove the snap hook and secure the extension to the USL by a girth hitch. The snap hook
is then secured to the opposite end of the extension. The length of the 15-foot universal static line, after being
secured to the deployment bag and snap hook, is 14 feet and 7 inches tall. The 20-foot configuration is 20 feet
and 1 inch long. There are four separate components to the USL that must be purchased separately: deployment
2-4
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Personal Equipment
bag, universal static line, 5-foot universal static line extension, and universal static line snap hook. (See Figures
2-3 and 2-4.)
DEPLOYMENT BAG
2-8. The deployment bag, NSN 1670-01-476-3131, is currently used on the T-10 and MC-1 series personnel
parachutes. The deployment bag comes without the static line and snap hook.

2-9. The universal static line, NSN 1670-01-476-3068, is 14 feet and 10 inches long (+ one inch). The
universal static line webbing material is 3/4 inch wide, nylon, tube edge, Class 1A (nylon 6.6), Class R (resin
treated), with a protective finish. It has a 4000-pound breaking strength and 30 percent minimum elongation. It
is yellow with one green marker yarn located at the center of the wrap.
UNIVERSAL STATIC LINE EXTENSION

2-10. The universal static line extension, NSN 1670-01-476-3130, is 70 1/2 inches long (+ 1/2 inch). (See
Figure 2-3.) It is made from the same webbing as the static line.
UNIVERSAL STATIC LINE SNAP HOOK

2-11. The snap hook, NSN 1670-01-476-3142, is 5 1/2 inches long, approximately 1/4 inch thick, and weighs
0.67 pounds. (See Figure 2-4.) It is made from corrosive resistant alloy steel, Grade A plus L finish for
abrasion/humidity/salt/fog protection. The finish is environmentally compliant and a standard in the automotive
industry. The spring opening gate and rivet pin are made from the same alloy steel, whereas the pullback spring
is made from steel spring wire. The snap hook is rated to withstand a 1750-pound load and has an ultimate
failure rate of no less than 8000 pounds.
Figure 2-3. Universal static line components
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Figure 2-4. Universal static line snap hook
PACK TRAY
2-12. The pack tray, NSN 1670-00-086-7780, (See Figure 2-5.) which is 20 by 14 by 5 inches and constructed
of 7.25-ounce nylon duck material, consists of the following:
Pack closing flaps (four): right and left pack closing flaps, and top and bottom pack closing flaps.
Pack closing loops (four): right and left pack closing loops, and top and bottom pack closing loops.
Inner static line stow bar.
Outer static line stow bar.
Static line slack retainer.
Waistband adjuster panel.
Metal adjuster.
Waistband (43 inches long).
Pack closing tie (one turn quarter-inch cotton webbing) tied in a surgeons knot and a locking knot;
the knot is between the 3 and 6 oclock positions.
Diagonal backstrap retainer.
Diagonal backstrap keeper.
Horizontal backstrap retainer.
Horizontal backstrap keeper.
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Personal Equipment
Figure 2-5. T-10-series parachute pack tray
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CANOPY ASSEMBLY
2-13. The T-10 series parachutes and MC-1 series parachutes are static line deployed.
DEPLOYMENT SEQUENCE
2-14. The parachute deployment sequence is the same for both types of canopies. It includes the following:
The parachutist falls to the end of the static line. His body weight breaks the pack closing tie, and the
deployment bag is pulled from the pack tray.
Two connector link ties break, and the suspension lines are pulled from the deployment bag.
Two suspension line locking stow loops disengage, and the canopy is pulled from the deployment
bag to its full length.
The break cord tie securing the apex of the canopy to the static line buffer loop breaks, and the
parachute begins to inflate, retarding the parachutists rate of descent.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
2-15. The following are characteristics for both the T-10 series, NSN 1670-01-247-7151, and the MC-1 series,
NSN 1670-01-262- 2360, canopies:
Shape and weight. Shape is parabolic; weight is between 28 and 31 pounds.
Rates of descent. Depending on the jumpers total weight and relative air density, the average rates
of descent for the different canopies are as follows: MC-1 series is 14 to 22 feet per second and T-10
series is 18 to 22 feet per second.
Diameter. Nominal diameter is 35 feet (measured three feet up from the skirt) and 30 feet at the
skirt.
Anti-inversion nets. The anti-inversion net is sewn 18 inches down on each suspension line and is
made of 3 3/4-inch square mesh, knotless, braided nylon.
Shelf and service life. Combined shelf life and service life is 16.5 years (4.5 years of shelf life plus
12 years of service life).
Repacking. Both canopies are repacked every 120 days.
Use. Both canopies are suitable for airdropping personnel from as high as 10,000 feet mean sea level
(MSL).
MC-1 1B/MC-1 1E PARACHUTE DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

2-16. The MC-1-1B/MC-1-1E will make a 360-degree turn in an estimated 8.8 seconds, and has the following
characteristics:
The bridle loop is 3 inches in diameter. It is made of Type VIII nylon with a tensile strength of 3600
pounds.
The 15 apex vent lines are 27 inches long and made of Type II nylon cord with a tensile strength of
375 pounds. The apex vent lines with centering lines keep the bridle loop and canopy in place even
during deployment.
The apex vent cap has a 3-inch diameter opening, which reduces oscillation and assists in a positive
opening of the canopy.
The upper lateral band is 1-inch tubular nylon webbing with a tensile strength of 4000 pounds. It is
sewn in as reinforcement, since the first 64 inches of the canopy is a high-pressure area.
Each canopy has 30 gores with five sections in each gore. Each gore is numbered 1 through 30, and
each section is sewn diagonally to prevent rips and holes from spreading throughout the canopy.
The 30 radial seams are 9/16 inch wide and 17 feet 2 7/32 inches long, measured from the upper
lateral band to the lower lateral band.
The T U-shaped configuration has 11 gores removed (25 to 5) from the rear (100.4 square feet of
canopy), which enables the canopy to turn 360 degrees in 8.8 seconds and gives a forward thrust of
eight knots (9.5 mph), or 14 feet per second.
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Two 28-foot-long control lines are attached to a control bridle that in turn is attached to radial seams
5 and 6. They are six feet long and attached to seams 25 and 26. They run down and out to the front
of the rear set of risers and through the control line channel and control line guide ring. They are
attached to a toggle that is a 5/8 inch-diameter hardwood dowel.
The lower lateral band is made of 1-inch tubular nylon tape with a tensile strength of 525 pounds.
The 15 pocket bands ensure positive opening of the canopy.
The 30 V-tabs are 9/16 inch wide and sewn over the suspension lines to the lower lateral band for
reinforcement.
The 30 suspension lines are Type II nylon with a tensile strength of 400 pounds. They are 25 feet and
6 inches long when measured from the lower lateral band to the L-bar connector link.
MC-1-1C/MC-1-1D PARACHUTE DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

2-17. The MC-1-1C/MC-1-1D canopy has the same basic design as the MC-1-1B, but with the following
exceptions:
The parachute will make a 360-degree turn in an estimated 7.7 seconds.
It is made of nonporous (NOPO) material (0-3 cubic feet per minute [CFM]).
The vent cap is removed.
The suspension lines are shortened to 22 feet.
The orifice modification is a 60-square-foot opening in the rear of the parachute that is reinforced
with horizontal/vertical nylon tape.
T-10 SERIES PARACHUTE DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

2-18. The T-10 series parachute is designed with the following characteristics:
The bridle loop is 3 inches in diameter and made of Type VIII nylon with a tensile strength of 3600
pounds.
The 15 apex vent lines are 27 inches long and made of Type II nylon cord with a tensile strength of
400 pounds.
The two apex centering loops are 9 inches long and made of Type II nylon cord with a tensile
strength of 400 pounds.
The apex vent is 20 inches in diameter and expands to 22 inches in diameter when the canopy is
inflated.
The upper lateral band is 1-inch tubular nylon webbing with a tensile strength of 4000 pounds.
The 30 gores have five sections each.
The 30 radial seams are 9/16 inch wide and 17 feet 2 7/32 inches long.
The lower lateral band is made of 1-inch tubular nylon tape with a tensile strength of 525 pounds.
The 15 pocket bands have been lengthened to 7 1/2 inches to provide a more positive opening and a
4.37-foot (overall) increase in the canopy to reduce descent to about 15 feet per second.
The 30 V-tabs are 9/16 inch wide.
The 30 suspension lines are 25 feet wide and 6 inches long.
MODIFIED IMPROVED RESERVE PARACHUTE SYSTEM

2-19. The MIRPS, NSN 1670-00-892-4218, (used with the T-10 and MC-1 series parachutes) is an emergency
type parachute designed to be activated by the parachutist if the main parachute malfunctions. It is chest
mounted, manually operated, and loaf-shaped when packed. It weighs between 13.5 and 15 pounds, has a
combined shelf life and service life not to exceed 16.5 years (3 years of shelf life plus 13.5 years of service life),
and is 24 feet in diameter. The MIRPS is repacked every 365 days, except in climatic categories (CCs) 7 and 8
(temperatures lower than 35 degrees Celsius or 31 degrees Fahrenheit) where the repack interval is 120 days.
When entering and remaining in CC 7, and for parachutes used in cold climatic conditions 7 or 8, it is repacked
on the next due date or within 120 days from the last repack and annually thereafter. When reserve parachutes
from CCs 1 through 6 are used in CC 7 and 8 for less than 120 days, they will remain on the 365-day repack
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interval. The MIRPS consists of four major components: pilot parachute with deployment assistance device,
canopy assembly, pack assembly, and rip cord assembly.
PILOT CHUTE
2-20. The pilot chute, NSN 1670-01-457-7897, assists in deployment of the parachute canopy by serving as an
air anchor. It is a 5-foot, flat, circular parachute with a bridle line and is constructed from zero porosity nylon
parachute cloth and marquisette netting. The netting is reinforced with six radial tapes that form the bridle
attachment loop. A centerline is attached to the parachute cloth to speed pilot chute inflation and also forms part
of the bridle attachment loop. The pilot chute does not have suspension lines. It resembles a large ball when
inflated. (See Figure 2-6.)
Figure 2-6. Pilot parachute with bridle line assembly and deployment weight
BRIDLE LINE ASSEMBLY

2-21. The bridle line assembly, NSN 1670-01-461-0071, is 13 feet long and constructed from a 2 inch wide
polyester/nylon webbing with a 4-inch loop at each end. One end of the bridle line is fitted with an apex sock
that aids in pressurizing the reserve canopy during low speed deployments. Adjacent to the apex sock, the bridle
line is fitted with two staging flap hooks that are used to secure the canopy staging flaps located within the pack
assembly. The other end of the bridle line is fitted with a 5-ounce deployment weight that causes positive
launch of the pilot chute once the deployment extension device reaches full extension. (See Figure 2-7.)
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Personal Equipment
DEPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE DEVICE

2-22. The deployment assistance device, NSN 1670-01-457-7901, is a 30-inch long helical spring encased in
marquisette netting and fitted with an end cap at each end. On one end cap, four grommets and four grommet
tabs are attached. These are used only during packing to keep the spring compressed. Before the final closing of
the pack assembly, the spring compression aids are removed, and the grommet tabs are no longer used. (See
Figure 2-7.)
Figure 2-7. Deployment assistance device
CANOPY ASSEMBLY
2-23. The canopy assembly, NSN 1670-00-622-4462, is a 24-foot, flat, circular parachute constructed of 1.1-ounce
olive drab, ripstop nylon parachute cloth. (See Figure 2-8.) Depending on the jumpers total weight, its rate of
descent varies from 15 to 22 feet per second. The canopy assembly is described as follows:
An apex vent, 20 inches in diameter.
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2-12
Twelve continuous suspension lines, 57 feet and 6 inches long (measured from connector snap to
connector snap), made of Type III nylon cord with a tensile strength of 550 pounds. On this
parachute, the suspension lines serve three purposes:
From the connector snaps that double as connector links, the lines are 20-foot suspension lines.
As the suspension lines go through the radial seams of the canopy, they become canopy lines.
Across the apex vent, the canopy lines become apex vent lines until they again go into the upper
radial seam; there they again become canopy lines.
An upper lateral band of 1-inch tubular nylon webbing with a tensile strength of 4000 pounds.
A lower lateral band of 1-inch tubular nylon tape with a tensile strength of 525 pounds.
Twenty-four gores with four sections in each gore.
A 9/16-inch nylon V-tab reinforcement sewn into the lower lateral band of the parachute and
wrapped around each suspension line.
Twenty-four pocket bands.
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Figure 2-8. Canopy assembly
PACK ASSEMBLY
2-24. The MIRPS and the T-10 troop chest reserves use different pack trays that are almost identical on the
outside. (See Figures 2-9 and 2-10.) Thus, an identifying yellow binding tape on the rip cord protector flap
distinguishes the MIRPS. The major parts of the MIRPS pack tray, NSN 1670-01-436-4798, are the main panel
and two end panels. The main panel forms a top and bottom flap, and the end panels form right and left end
flaps. A rectangular metal pack frame is enclosed in a pocket formed in the bottom. The pack assembly has two
holes that lift the dot strap fasteners for attaching the MIRPS to the parachute connector snaps. A suspension
line free bag deployment pouch is located on the inside of the container of the pack assembly bottom. Canopy
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staging flaps are attached to the inside of the top and bottom flaps; these provide canopy retention. (See Figures
2-11 and 2-12.)
Figure 2-9. MIRPS pack tray outside view
Figure 2-10. MIRPS pack tray inside view and nomenclature
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Figure 2-11. MIRPS reserve parachute pack tray (front)
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Figure 2-12. MIRPS reserve parachute pack tray and nomenclature (back)
RIP CORD ASSEMBLY

2-25. The MIRPS rip cord, NSN 1670-01-485-1646, consists of a stainless steel grip and two flexible steel
cables to which steel locking pins are swaged. The rip cord also has two locking pins mounted 2 1/2 inches
apart (one on either side of the cloverleaf), and each assembly has a 1 1/4-inch locking pin.
T-10 RESERVE
2-26. The 24-foot diameter troop chest reserve T-10 reserve (emergency) parachute, NSN 1670-00-892-4218,
is used with the T-10 and MC-1 series parachutes. It is chest mounted, manually operated, and, when packed,
loaf shaped. It weighs about 12 pounds. Combined shelf and service life is not to exceed 16.5 years (3 years of
shelf life plus 13.5 years of service life). In addition, it is 24 feet in diameter. It is repacked every 365 days. The
parachutist activates the reserve when the main chute malfunctions. The T-10 reserve parachute has four major
components: spring activated pilot parachute assembly, canopy assembly, pack tray assembly, and rip cord
assembly. The rip cord grip must be marked with yellow tape. Yellow shows that it has been weld tested and
properly in serviced.
Note. The Navys modified T-10 reserve does not use the pilot chute.
PILOT PARACHUTE
2-27. The pilot chute, NSN 1670-00-251-6603, acts as an air anchor to help the canopy deploy quickly. It is
spring activated, made of 1.1-ounce ripstop nylon parachute cloth that is 40 inches in diameter, and
Octagon shaped, with reinforcements sewn to the inside of the canopy.
Four pockets sewn on the inside of the canopy to stow the spring framework.
Eight suspension lines of Type I nylon cord. Each pair of suspension lines is formed by one
continuous line that runs through the canopy and is stitched together at the lowest point to form the
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connector loop. The connector loop is used to attach the pilot parachute to the apex of the reserve by
means of a bridle line that is 15 inches long and made of Type III nylon cord with a tensile strength
of 550 pounds.
CANOPY ASSEMBLY
2-28. The canopy assembly, NSN 1670-00-622-4462, in the T-10 reserve is the same canopy that is used for the
MIRPS.
Note. Inside the pack tray is a 10-inch spreader bar. If one reserve connector snap becomes
disconnected from one of the harness D-rings, the spreader bar keeps that connector snap attached to
the parachute harness. This arrangement enables the reserve parachute to function if a malfunction
occurs.
PACK TRAY ASSEMBLY

2-29. The pack tray assembly, NSN 1670-00-951-6417, is made of 12.29-ounce nylon or 7.25-ounce nylon on a
rigid frame. (See Figures 2-11 and 2-12.) It contains the parachute until activation. The pack tray has several
components:
Carrying handles (top and left).
A safety wire and lanyard.
Four panels (right end panel, left end panel, top panel, and bottom panel) with attached eyelets.
Three-pack opening spring bands with six running ends connected to six hooks.
A rip cord grip stow pocket sewn to the right end panel.
A rip cord protector flap sewn to the bottom panel, with log record stow pocket on the inside of the
rip cord protector flap.
Pack fasteners sewn to the left and right end panels.
Grommets and cones that keep the pack closed by inserting the locking pins of the rip cord assembly
through the cones. (Grommets are on the top panel and cones are on the bottom panel.)
Two connector snaps to attach the reserve to the D-rings.
Two nylon waistband retainers which consist of a single piece of material sewn into the pack tray,
forming the reserve top carrying handle.
RIP CORD ASSEMBLY

2-30. The rip cord assembly, NSN 1670-01-485-1646, for the T-10 reserve (T-10R) is different than the MIRPS
rip cord. (See Figures 2-11 and 2-12.) The MIRPS has two locking pins; the T-10R has one locking pin. The
length of the cable is .75 inches shorter than the cable length of the MIRPS (7 inches rather than 7.75 inches).
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MODELS

2-31. The MIRPS (See Figure 2-13.) and standard 24-foot troop chest reserve (T-10R) are the same basic
parachute. The few features that distinguish them include slightly different deployment systems, pack
assemblies, and rip cord grips. The MIRPS deployment system consists of the pilot chute, bridle assembly, and
ejector spring assembly. The pack assembly contains a suspension-line, free-bag pouch, upper and lower
staging flaps, and a length of yellow binding tape (sewn into the rip cord protector flap) that aids in MIRPS
identification. The MIRPS rip cord grip protrudes from the right side of the pack tray.
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Figure 2-13. MIRPS rip cord assembly nomenclature
MIRPS SOFT LOOP CENTER PULL

2-32. The MIRPS soft loop center pull (SLCP), NSN 1670-01-420-4256, is the second major improvement to
the existing T-10 reserve parachute. (See Figures 2-14 and 2-15.) Modifications that eliminate cone lock and
enhance rip cord grip protection have been made to the pack and rip cord assembly. Modifications to the pack
assembly include
An added piece of Type VII nylon webbing approximately 7 inches in length that prevents wear to
the top panel and bottom.
An added 2-inch piece of elastic webbing that is now the rip cord grip retainer.
An added 5- by 2-inch piece of pile tape sewn to the rip cord protector flap.
The eyelets have been moved to accommodate the rip cord grip.
The original grommets have been replaced by Type II 3/8-inch grommets.
The cones have been removed and two Type II 3/8-inch grommets and soft loops have been added.
(These grommets cannot be bent, cracked, rusted, or corroded to be serviceable.)
The red soft loops are constructed of Type II nylon cord, gutted. They are sewn to Type VI nylon
webbing that is approximately two and 3/4 inches in length. They are then secured to the back of the
bottom panel by Type II nylon tape.
The right end panel rip cord grip stow pocket has been removed.
The right and left end panel pack fasteners have been replaced with grommet tabs and two Type II
3/8-inch grommets. (The grommets cannot be bent, cracked, rusted, or corroded to be serviceable.)
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Figure 2-14. MIRPS soft loop center pull pack tray with open rip cord protector flap.
Figure 2-15. MIRPS soft loop center pull pack tray with closed rip cord protector flap
SECTION II T-11, MC-6, AND MC-7 PERSONNEL PARACHUTE SYSTEM

2-33. The T-11 Personnel Parachute System, NSN 1670-01-539-4525, and MC-6 Personnel Parachute System,
NSN 1670-01-527-7537, are used during static line airborne operations. The T-11 Personnel Parachute System
and MC-6 Personnel Parachute System are highly portable systems that include the main canopy assembly, the
reserve canopy assembly deployment bag, pack tray, harness assembly, risers, and universal static line. They are
capable of supporting 400 pounds. The T-11 complete system weight is 53 pounds and the MC-6 complete
system weight is 42 pounds. The T-11 and MC-6 is limited to operation in winds of 13 knots at the surface. The
T-11 main canopy is a nonsteerable canopy. The MC-6 main canopy is a steerable canopy.
T-11 HARNESS ASSEMBLY

2-34. The T-11 series harness assembly, NSN 1670-01-535-2233, (See Figure 2-16.) is used with the T-11
main canopy and the MC-6 main canopy.
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COMPONENTS
2-35. The harness assembly is made of Type VII nylon webbing. It consists of right and left upper main lift
web assemblies and the lower saddle assembly. The harness design allows for multi-directional adjustment. The
components attached to it include the following:
Canopy release assembly female fittings are permanently mounted to the harness assembly. They
consist of a hinged latch and safety latch with wire lanyard that closes over and secures the male
fitting canopy release assembly.
Four comfort pads, two shoulder pads, and two L-shaped leg ejector snap pads under the leg strap
ejector snaps that are permanently attached to the right and left upper main lift web assemblies
beneath the diagonal backstraps.
Two main lift web tuck tab assemblies are sewn into the harness assembly directly below the Drings. The adjustment assemblies consist of Type VII (reinforced with Type VIII) webbing and a 1
3/4-inch main lift web adjuster rated at 2500 pounds.
Main lift web is constructed of Type VII nylon webbing with a rated capacity of 6000 pounds.
Chest straps are made of Type VII nylon webbing and have a 2-inch friction adapter rated at 500
pounds. Two elastic webbing retainers used for stowing excess webbing.
D-rings used for attaching the T-11 reserve are located directly below the canopy release assembly
and have a rated capacity of 5000 pounds.
Equipment rings used for attaching the combat equipment, with a rated capacity of 2500 pounds.
Triangle links are sewn into the main lift web of the harness assembly (about 8 inches below the
equipment rings). They are rated at 500 pounds and are used for attaching equipment and lowering
lines.
Leg straps have ejector snaps with activating lever, ball detent, and opening gate with a rated
capacity of 2500 pounds.
An L-shaped ejector snap pad is attached behind the ejector snap. The pad also attaches behind the
main lift web locking adapter.
Quick-fit V-ring that has a rated capacity of 2500 pounds.
Six elastic webbing retainers that are used for stowing excess webbing.
Lower saddle assembly (constructed of Type VII nylon) with two attached leg straps.
Backstrap adjusters and elastic webbing retainer that are used for adjusting the horizontal backstraps
and stowing excess webbing.
ADJUSTMENT POINTS
2-36. The harness assembly has nine points of adjustment: the chest strap, two diagonal backstraps sizing
channels, two main lift web tuck tab assemblies, two leg straps, and two free running ends of the horizontal
backstrap.
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Figure 2-16. T-11 harness assembly
T-11 RISER ASSEMBLY

2-37. The riser assembly (riser set), NSN 1670-01-567-7296, (See Figure 2-17.) on the T-11 consists of the
following:
Two riser assemblies with a finished length of 28 inches (Type VII nylon) and a tensile strength of
5500 pounds.
Slip assist loops.
Slip assist tabs.
Army Parachute Log record stow pocket.
Army Parachute Log record.
Male fitting canopy release assembly.
Note. Opening the log record book by nonparachute rigger personnel is prohibited.
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Figure 2-17. T-11 riser assembly
MC-6 RISER ASSEMBLY

2-38. The riser assembly, NSN 1670-01-535-2231, (See Figure 2-18.) on the MC-6 consists of the following:
Two riser assemblies with a finished length of 30 inches (Type VII nylon) and a tensile strength of
5500 pounds.
Male fitting is permanently attached to the riser assembly. When attached to the canopy, the riser
assemblies provide four individual risers.
Control line guide ring.
Control line channel.
Blue confluence wrap.
Data label.
Army Parachute Log record pocket.
Note. Opening the Army Parachute Log record book by anyone except parachute rigger personnel is
prohibited.
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Figure 2-18. MC-6 riser assembly
UNIVERSAL STATIC LINE MODIFIED WITH CURVE PIN

2-39. A 15-foot universal static line modified (USLM), NSN 1670-01-535-2252, is secured to the deployment
bag by a girth hitch. (See Figure 2-19.) The T-11 USLM is the same as the standard USL with the exception
that the pack opening loop has been replaced by a curved pin with cotton protective cover. The opposite end of
the USL has a snap hook, which is also secured by a girth hitch. To configure the USLM to the 20-foot length,
the snap hook is removed and the extension is secured to the USLM by a girth hitch. The snap hook is then
secured to the opposite end of the extension. The length of the 15-foot static line, once secured to the
deployment bag and snap hook, is 14 feet and 10 inches (+ or -1 inch). The 20-foot configuration measures 20
feet and 1 inch. There are four separate components to the USLM that can be purchased separately: deployment
bag, static line, static line extension, and universal static line snap hook.
2-40. The USLM consists of the following:
Main curved pin cover.
Main curved pin.
Cotton buffer.
Static line sleeve.
Rivet pin.
Spring opening gate.
Universal static line snap hook.
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Figure 2-19. T-11/MC-6 universal static line modified and universal static line snap hook
T-11 MAIN PACK TRAY AND MC-6 PACK TRAY ASSEMBLY

2-41. The T-11 main pack tray, NSN 1670-01-567-4709, (20 by 16 by 14 inches) and the MC-6 pack tray
assembly, NSN 1670-01-535-2228, (20 by 14 by 14 inches) (See Figure 2-20.) are both constructed of duck
textured nylon fabric, and consist of the following:
Pack closing flaps (four): right and left side flaps, upper and lower end flaps with reinforcement
material sewn into pack closing flaps. Each flap contains one grommet.
Static line stow bars (inner and outer).
Static line slack retainer loop with static line slack retainer bands.
Waistband adjuster panel.
Metal adjuster.
Waistband (43 inches).
Main closing loop assembly (Spectra 1000 loop with nylon retaining tab used to align grommets in
pack closing flaps held in place by main curved pin for T-11 and Spectra 700 loop with nylon
retaining tab used to align grommets in pack closing flaps held in place by main curved pin for MC6).
Two diagonal backstrap retainers sewn into upper center of pack tray for use with sizing channels on
T-11 harness assembly.
Two diagonal backstrap keepers sewn into upper edge of pack tray, used to guide and retain the
diagonal backstrap retainers.
Two horizontal backstrap retainer with directional snap fasteners.
Horizontal backstrap keeper.
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Figure 2-20. MC-6 main canopy pack tray and nomenclature
T-11 MAIN CANOPY

2-42. The T-11 main canopy has a 28.6-foot nominal diameter and is a highly modified and refined version of
the cross/cruciform platform with a continuous lower lateral band. Opening characteristics are controlled
through the variation of the unique geometry and deployment organizer (sleeve and slider), while utilizing low
permeability (0-3 CFM), uncoated material, resulting in a high-drag coefficient parachute with tolerable
opening shock characteristics. Depending on the jumpers total weight and drop altitude, its rate of descent is
between 14.5 to 18.5 feet per second. The canopy does not have any forward drive and will have a neutral
ballistic descent once it is stable in a no-wind direction. The T-11 Personnel Parachute System is static line
deployed. The parachute deployment sequence is as follows:
Activation begins with the static line connected to the aircraft anchor line cable and the jumper
exiting.
The static line tightens as the jumper falls away from the aircraft, pulling the main curved pin from
the main closing loop.
The static line is connected to the deployment bag as the jumper continues to fall away from the
aircraft.
Two quarter-inch cotton webbing ties, one on each riser group holding the risers and lines in place,
break.
After the suspension lines pull out of the suspension line stow loops, the suspension lines pull out of
the locking stow loops, opening the bag mouth.
The drogue and deployment sleeve with the enclosed canopy emerges from the deployment bag.
The drogue and deployment sleeve catch air causing the sleeve to pull off the main canopy exposing
the lower lateral band with slider at the mouth of the canopy.
As the jumper transitions from a horizontal to vertical orientation, the deployment sleeve completely
comes off the canopy, but remains at the apex of the canopy along with the drogue due to the 10-foot
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bridle line attached at the apex of the canopy, routed through the deployment sleeve, and connected
to the drogue.
The slider controls the lower lateral band opening of the canopy and descends from the lower lateral
band along the suspension lines to above the connector links as the canopy becomes stable.
Additionally, the slider eliminates line-over malfunctions and enhances opening characteristics.
2-43. Following are characteristics of the T-11 main canopy (See Figure 2-21.):
Shape and weight. Shape is modified cross/cruciform platform; weight is 38 pounds.
Rate of descent. Depending on the jumpers total weight and relative air density, the average rate of
descent is between 14.5 and 18.5 feet per second.
Diameter. Nominal diameter is 28.6 feet up to 30.6 feet when inflated and 28 feet at the lower hem.
Shelf and service life. Combined shelf and service life is 16.5 years (4.5 years of shelf life plus 12
years of service life).
Repacking. The T-11 main canopy is repacked every 120 days.
Use. The T-11 main canopy is suitable for airdropping personnel from as high as 10,000 feet MSL.
PARACHUTE DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

2-44. The T-11 has no forward drive. Its design characteristics include the following:
The canopy consists of 49 center section assemblies, which are made of Type IV low permeability
ripstop, nylon parachute cloth, FG 504 material.
There are four arm assemblies. Each arm assembly consists of seven sections and 23 arm panels,
which are made of Type IV low permeability ripstop, nylon parachute cloth, FG 504 material.
There are two types of mesh panelsthree large mesh panels and two small mesh panelsthat are
made of nylon (2.4 ounces per yard) and natural material. The mesh panels have 1/4-inch hex
openings.
There are 28 main seams made of main tape (9/16 inch), Type I nylon webbing material.
There are 28 suspension lines made of polyester cord that can support 600 pounds. The suspension
lines measure 21 feet and 4 inches in length.
Four connector links made of No. 6 stainless steel connect the suspension lines to the four risers.
The slider is composed of two principal elements with 28 grommets: a mesh center section and a
peripheral section constructed of eight identical panels joined together. The panels are made of low
porosity, Type IV nylon parachute cloth. Three #0L grommets are set on the outer edge of each
panel. Additionally, four smaller panels are positioned on the slider to align with each of the four
corner lines. Each of the four smaller panels has a #0L grommet on the outer edge of the panel. All
suspension lines are routed from the lower lateral band through individual #0L stainless steel
grommets and connected to the appropriate connector link on the riser. Airflow passes through the
mesh and up into the canopy. The slider opens, separating the suspension lines. When the canopy
fully inflates, the slider rides down to rest just above the risers.
The drogue parachute is a 48-inch-diameter, flat, circular parachute made from 1.5-ounce ripstop
nylon cloth. The drogue is attached to the top of the deployment sleeve and provides additional drag
to pull the sleeve off during the initial elongation phase.
The 19-foot cotton deployment sleeve protects the entire canopy during the initial phase of the
opening sequence and aligns it in the airflow before inflation starts.
There is a bridle line made of nylon webbing that is 5/8-inch-wide, tubular, Class 1A, cotton airplane
cloth natural material. The 10-foot bridle line assembly connected to the bridle ring retains the
deployment sleeve and drogue after canopy extraction. The bridle line allows fast retraction of the
deployment sleeve but prevents the drogue from entangling with the corner vents of the main canopy
after canopy inflation.
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Figure 2-21. T-11 main canopy diagram
MC-6 MAIN CANOPY

2-45. The MC-6 main canopy has a 32-foot nominal diameter, is poly-conical-shaped, and block constructed of
Type IV, low permeability nylon parachute cloth. Depending on the jumpers total weight and drop altitude, its
rate of descent is between 14.5 to 18.5 feet per second. The canopy has a forward speed of 10 knots, and can
complete a 360-degree turn in 5 seconds. The MC-6 Personnel Parachute System is static line deployed. The
parachute deployment sequence is as follows:
The parachutist falls to the end of the static line. The jumpers body weight snatches the curved pin
from the pack-closing loop, and the deployment bag is pulled from the pack tray.
Two connector link ties break, and the suspension lines are pulled from the deployment bag.
Two locking stows disengage, and the canopy is pulled from the deployment bag to its full length.
The break cord tie securing the apex of the canopy to the static line ending loop breaks, and the
parachute begins to inflate, retarding the parachutists rate of descent.
2-46. Following are characteristics of the MC-6 main canopy:
Shape and weight. Shape is poly-conical; weight is 29 pounds.
Rate of descent. Depending on the jumpers total weight and relative air density, the average rate of
descent is between 14.5 and 18.5 feet per second.
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Diameter. Nominal diameter is 32 feet at the skirt.

Anti-inversion net. The anti-inversion net is made of 3 3/4-inch square mesh, knotless, braided
nylon, and is sewn to the skirt band of the canopy between rows of stitching with a zigzag pattern.
Suspension line attachment loops are sewn to the anti-inversion netting. These loops are made of the
same tape material as the radial tapes of the canopy. The suspension lines are attached to the
suspension line attachment loops with a girth hitch.
Shelf and service life. Combined shelf and service life is 16.5 years (4.5 years of shelf life plus 12
years of service life).
Repacking. The MC-6 main canopy is repacked every 120 days.
Use. The MC-6 main canopy is suitable for airdropping personnel from as high as 11,000 feet MSL.
PARACHUTE DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

2-47. The MC-6 will make a 360-degree turn in an estimated five seconds and has a forward drive of 10 knots.
The canopy consists of 28 standard gores and four extended gores that are made with Type IV, low
permeability, nylon parachute cloth, FG 504 material. (See Figure 2-22). It has the following design
characteristics:
The canopy is made of nonporous material (0-3 CFM).
There are four sections per standard gore.
There are nine sections per extended gore (consisting of seven horizontal and two vertical sections).
Four extended gores are located on gores 4-5, 6-7, 21-22, and 23-24. When the jumper pulls either
the left or right control line toggle, it closes the extended gores, which re-directs the airflow through
the opposite extended gores which provides an increased turning capability. A brake slot reduces
forward speed. In full brakes, the canopy can go backwards. The extended gores also facilitate the
canopys ability to perform flat turns by venting air in the opposite direction.
Six opening vents located on the front canopy gores 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 prevent the front of the
canopy from collapsing, improving the forward drive and stability of the canopy.
Three drive vents located on the rear of the canopy with mesh netting sewn into gores 2, 26, and 28,
allow for positive airflow through the canopy, which provides the canopy with its forward drive.
The main seam runs from the lower lateral band to the upper lateral band and is made using a 1/2inch wide Type III, nylon tape.
The lower lateral band hem is the folded-over lower edge of the canopy, encompassing the lower
lateral band.
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Figure 2-22. MC-6 main canopy diagram
There are 28 suspension lines that are 21 feet in length and made with Type II nylon cord. These
suspension lines are connected from the suspension line attaching loops on the anti-inversion netting
to the connector links.
Two lower control lines run from the risers to the attachment point on the middle control lines. The
middle control lines attach to the upper control lines, lower control lines, and lower lateral band.
Upper control lines attach to the extended gores and middle control lines, providing the canopy with
increased response from jumper actions.
Fourteen vent lines run continuous from one end of the upper lateral band to the opposite side of the
upper lateral band and are constructed of Type II nylon cord.
T-11 RESERVE PARACHUTE

2-48. The T-11 reserve parachute is an aeroconical-design reserve parachute used with the T-11 and MC-6
Parachute System, NSN 1670-01-535-2248. The T-11 reserve parachute is an emergency-type parachute
designed to be activated by the parachutist if the main parachute malfunctions. Weighing approximately
14.8 pounds, the T-11 is 29 feet in diameter and has a combined shelf and service life of 15 years. It is
repacked every 365 days. The reserve parachute system consists of six major components: extractor
parachute, ejector spring with protection cap, canopy assembly, reserve riser assembly, reserve pack tray,
and rip cord assembly.
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EXTRACTOR PARACHUTE
2-49. The reserve extractor, NSN 1670-535-2251, assists in the deployment of the parachute canopy by serving
as an air anchor. (See Figure 2-23.) It is a 6-foot diameter, circular parachute with twelve polyethylene fiber
suspension lines that attach to a nylon vent bridle assembly. The extractor is constructed from 1.5-ounce ripstop
nylon parachute fabric, and has a polyethylene fiber centerline, which is hitched to a reinforced nylon tab at its
crown. The vent bridles are attached at four points on the reserve canopy apex with polyethylene fiber cord. The
extractor is a spring free, large, soft extractor parachute that is too large to fit in the gap between the suspension
lines of the T-11 after it inflates. This design reduces the risk of entanglement with the main parachute.
Figure 2-23. Extractor parachute
EJECTOR SPRING
2-50. The ejector spring, NSN 1670-01-535-2246, is a 19-inch boxed and vented helical spring with end caps
and grommet tabs on one end through which the pack closing loops are routed. This prevents lateral movement
of the spring when compressed, decreasing the risk of spring lock. The kicker ejector spring is packed 1/3 the
distance from the apex to the skirt within the canopy folds. This ensures that when the pack opens, the primary
extractor parachute and the apex of the canopy (with the apex assistor pockets) are ejected positively and
laterally into the airflow. Not only are the most important low speed deployment elements ejected far enough
into the air stream this way, this critical stage is accomplished without using any additional mass components
that could interfere with the deployment. (See Figure 2-24.)
Figure 2-24. T-11 ejector spring and related components
CANOPY ASSEMBLY
2-51. The T-11 canopy is an aeroconical design. The canopy is designed to open rapidly with a minimum postinflation collapse. The T-11 reserve features minimum altitude loss. The designed shape resists malfunctions,
such as a line over and, if this event happens, tends to release the line. The risk of air stealing by a
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malfunctioned main parachute is reduced as the T-11 reserve, with its short-system length, flies with its lower
lateral band even with the hem of the main parachute. The scoops are formed by four downward pockets
constructed around the upper lateral band of the parachute. The apex vent of the reserve parachute is closed
during packing using a break tie. (See Figure 2-25.)
Figure 2-25. T-11 reserve canopy
T-11 CHARACTERISTICS
2-52. The T-11 reserve parachute is a 20.2-foot (skirt diameter), conical shaped, circular parachute constructed
of 1.1-ounce and 1.5-ounce ripstop nylon parachute cloth. The upper crown portion of the canopy is constructed
of 1.5 ounce ripstop as it is a high stress area. The upper crown has four, equispaced, apex-assist pockets that
aid in the crown inflation process. Depending on the jumpers total weight, the parachutes rate of descent is 27
feet per second. The canopy is described as follows:
An apex vent, approximately 25 inches in diameter.
Sixteen vent tabs and four apex bridle tabs constructed of Type I, 9/16-inch nylon tape that is sewn
into the upper lateral band.
An upper lateral band constructed of Type I, 2-inch para-aramid synthetic fiber tape (folded) with a
tensile strength of 2000 pounds.
A lower lateral band constructed of Type VI, 1-inch para-aramid synthetic fiber tape (rolled) with a
Four apex assist pockets constructed of 1.1-ounce ripstop nylon.
Twenty gores with five sections in each gore (sections 1-3 are constructed of 1.1-ounce ripstop
nylon; sections 4 and 5 are constructed of 1.5-ounce ripstop nylon). A horizontal seam reinforced
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with Type I, 9/16-inch nylon tape joins sections 3 and 4. Four canopy sections, equally spaced
around the canopy circumference, are constructed of Type II nylon mesh.
Twenty main seams constructed of Type I, 9/16-inch nylon tape with a tensile strength of 500
pounds.
Twenty prefabricated suspension lines constructed of Type II nylon cord (nonstick coating) with a
Twenty suspension line attaching loops constructed of Type I, 9/16-inch nylon tape sewn to the
lower lateral band.
Twenty skirt assist lines (Type II nylon cord) approximately 34 inches in length spliced into each
suspension line at approximately 20 inches below the skirt.
Twenty skirt assist line tabs constructed of Type I, 9/16-inch nylon tape sewn to the underside of
each main seam approximately 20 inches above the skirt.
Two 48-inch riser assemblies constructed of Type VIII nylon webbing with a tensile strength of 3600
pounds. This riser assembly includes the following:
Two butterfly snaps (designated left and right) rated at 4200 pounds.
Four No. 6 rapid links rated at 1430 pounds.
RESERVE RISER ASSEMBLY

2-53. The T-11 reserve riser assembly, NSN 1670-01-535-2255, is 48 inches long. The riser assembly is
constructed of Type VIII nylon webbing. The risers have a 15-inch length of hook and pile fastener tape
positioned between the front and rear to prevent riser offset during high speed deployments. Each reserve riser
has a connector snap attached. The connector snaps are constructed of cadmium-plated forged alloy steel with a
rated capacity of 4200 pounds. Each connector snap is secured to the reserve pack tray by a 24-inch length of
one turn, single lacing and tying tape, super tack, which has a tensile strength of 50 pounds. A spreader bar is
positioned between the connector snaps to ensure proper separation is maintained between the risers. The risers
are left and right handed because of the left/right reserve connector snaps positioned on the lower end of each
riser. (See Figure 2-26.)
Figure 2-26. Reserve riser assembly
RESERVE PACK TRAY

2-54. The T-11 reserve pack tray, NSN 1670-01-535-2254, is constructed of woven nylon material and has four
pack closing flaps, with six No. 0 grommets (two per side flap and one each on the upper and lower closing
flaps). These grommets facilitate the reserve closing loops. A rectangular metal pack frame is encased between
the outer and inner plies of the pack tray back panel. Two lengths of 1-inch elastic tape are sewn to the inner
back panel (adjacent upper and lower edges) with loops to facilitate riser stowage. Two riser stowage bars
constructed of 9/16-inch nylon tape serve as retainer band attaching points for suspension line stowage. Two 5-inch
lengths of hook tape are sewn to the inner back panel for retention of the T-11R risers. Two waistband loops
constructed of Type XVII webbing are sewn to the outer back panel to accommodate the T-11 waistband. (See
Figure 2-27.)
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Figure 2-27. T-11 reserve pack tray
RIP CORD ASSEMBLY

2-55. Rip cord handle, NSN 1670-01-535-2250, is used to activate the reserve parachute and requires
approximately 14 to 22 pounds of pull pressure. The rip cord assembly has a top, bottom, and two side tuck
tabs. They are specified by name. The top tuck tab is identified by a directional arrow. It must be pointing
skyward when the reserve parachute is worn properly. The rip cord handle is red in color and secured with two
box X stitches. Sewn by re-enforced stitching to the back of the rip cord assembly is the curved pin lanyard. The
curved pin lanyard is constructed of white polyethylene fiber cord with a tensile strength of 700 pounds.
Attached to each end of the curved pin lanyard is a curved pin. These are sewn in opposite directions. The
curved pins are constructed of stainless steel and cannot be bent, cracked, or corroded to be serviceable. (See
Figure 2-28.)
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Figure 2-28. T-11 rip cord handle
CARE OF THE PARACHUTE BEFORE JUMPING

2-56. Troop parachute assemblies and reserves may be issued in kit bags to aid handling and to prevent damage
or unintentional opening. Until removed for fitting by parachutists, parachutes and reserves should remain in the
kit bags and protected from moisture during storage to prevent mildew. (Kit bags are not waterproof and do not
provide adequate protection from wet weather or damp ground.) Parachutes must be stored in weatherproof
areas such as adequate storage buildings, trucks, tents, or transport aircraft. (For parachute shakeout procedures,
refer to TM 10-1670-293-23&P for T10 series parachute, TM 10-1670-292-23&P for MC-1-1 series parachute,
TM 10-1670-326-23&P for T-11 series parachute, and TM 101670-327-23&P MC-6 series parachute.)
CARE OF THE PARACHUTE AFTER JUMPING

2-57. The parachute is recovered and properly cared for to minimize damage. Upon landing, parachutists
activate the canopy release assembly (while lying on their backs to observe other landing parachutists), take off
the harness, and place the parachute in the kit bag using either the tactical recovery method or by executing a
series of figure-eight folds with the arms. (See Figure 2-29.) The specific actions are as follows:
Remove all air items. Place harness in the aviator kit bag with the smooth side up, leaving the
waistband out. Place released riser underneath the harness.
Move to the apex of the canopy, grasp the bridle loop, elongate the parachute into the wind to
straighten the canopy and suspension lines, and remove all foreign objects and debris from
suspension lines and canopy.
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Fold the canopy and suspension lines into a series of figure eights, using both arms. Do not twist the
canopy unnecessarily because friction can cause the nylon to fuse.
Lay the canopy on the top of the harness, and before closing the bag fasteners, ensure the bridle loop
is on the top of the canopy and the waistband is routed through the bridle loop. Close bag fasteners;
do not zip the bag because the canopy may become entangled in the zipper and damaged. Attach a
reserve connector snap to each kit bag handle. Carry the equipment so the reserve parachute is to the
(parachutists) front and the kit bag to the rear. (Reverse the carry when jumping with combat
equipment.)
Note. If it is necessary to activate both canopy release assemblies upon landing, fold the canopy in
figure eights by itself and place it in the kit bag on top of the harness.
Figure 2-29. Stowing the parachute
SHAKEOUT PROCEDURES
2-58. The parachute must be prepared for repacking once the airborne mission has been accomplished. The
procedure is known as chute shakeout. This is done by suspending the parachute from a rope passed over a
ceiling pulley (or from poles field expedient) high enough to allow the canopy to clear the surface area. (For
parachute shakeout procedures, refer to TM 10-1670-293-23&P for T10 series parachute, TM 10-1670-29223&P for MC-1-1 series parachute, TM 10-1670-326-23&P for T-11 series parachute, and TM 101670-32723&P MC-6 series parachute.)
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MAIN CANOPY
2-59. A two-man shakeout team is recommended. The No. 1 jumper holds the bridle loop, while the No. 2
jumper fastens the rope to the bridle loop. The No. 2 jumper pulls the rope until the skirt is about 1 foot above
No. 1 jumpers head. They accomplish the rest of the shakeout by taking the following steps:
Step 1. The team leaves the bulk of the suspension lines and the parachute harness in the kit bag. The
No. 2 jumper grasps the rope attached to the suspended canopy while No. 1 shakes the parachute.
Step 2. The No. 1 grasps two adjacent suspension lines at the lower lateral band, one in each hand,
and vigorously shakes the gore, making certain no grass, twigs, insects, or other foreign matter are
left on the fabric or tangled in the anti-inversion net.
Step 3. The No. 1 then transfers both suspension lines to his left hand, grasps the suspension lines of
the next gore with his right hand, and continues as in step 2, working counterclockwise until each
gore has been shaken and all suspension lines are in his left hand. He must pay particular attention to
the anti-inversion net to ensure no foreign material remains. Debris left in the net can result in a total
malfunction.
Step 4. The No. 2 begins to slowly pull the canopy up, elongating the suspension lines (group
separation must be accomplished). The No. 1 jumper shakes the suspension lines and dusts them by
hand. He then turns the kit bag inside out and cleans it thoroughly to ensure no debris is in the kit
bag.
Step 5. The No. 1 puts the harness in the kit bag.
Step 6. The No. 2 then slowly lowers the parachute while No. 1 folds the suspension lines on top of
the harness and places the canopy inside the bag.
RESERVE PARACHUTE
2-60. The shakeout procedure for the reserve parachute (if used) is the same as that for the main canopy. Do the
shakeout as soon after jumping as practicable.
WET PARACHUTE PROCEDURES

2-61. Parachutes used in wet weather or exposed to moisture will be hung to dry within 24 hours of the jump.
Once dry, shakeout procedures will then occur.
SECTION III MC-7 PERSONAL PARACHUTE SYSTEM

2-62. The MC-7 Personnel Parachute System, NSN 1670-01-575-0334, is used during static line parachute
operations by Navy and Marine Corps personnel only. The MC-7 Personnel Parachute System is a highly
portable system, which includes the main canopy (SF-10A) assembly, the T-11 reserve canopy assembly,
deployment bag, pack tray, harness assembly, risers, and universal static line. It is capable of supporting a
maximum weight of 400 pounds. The MC-7 complete system weight is 43.8 pounds. The MC-7 is limited to
operation in winds of 13 knots at the surface. The MC-7 main canopy is a steerable canopy. (For technical
information, to include but not limited to, nomenclature, donning, JMPI sequence, doffing and emergency
procedures in the aircraft, while in the air, and on the ground while utilizing this parachute system refer to
Marine Corp manual TM 11083B-OI.)
Note. The MC-7 is only authorized for use by Navy and Marine Corps personnel.
SECTION IV DONNING OF PARACHUTES

2-63. Two personnel are required when donning parachutes. Using the buddy system to properly don and adjust
the troop parachute harness provides an additional safety check, prevents delays during JM inspection, and
provides minimum discomfort to the parachutist while aboard the aircraft and when receiving the opening shock
of the parachute. The buddy-system method provides the best combination of speed and accuracy for
parachutists to adjust and check each others parachutes. One parachutist assumes the role as No. 1 jumper and
the other jumper assumes the role as No. 2 jumper.
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T-10 AND MC-1-1 HARNESS

2-64. The parachutists (using the buddy system) perform the following steps when donning the T-10 or MC-1-1
parachute:
Step 1. Check the parachute assembly for visible defects.
Step 2. The parachutist lays the assembly out with the pack tray face down. Then he
Activates the waistband quick release and pulls up each of the activating levers on the ejector
snaps, releasing the leg straps and the chest strap.
Checks for appropriate size and, if necessary.
Lifts the pull-the-dot fasteners on the diagonal backstrap retainer and frees the diagonal
backstraps from the sizing channel (using fingers only; do not use tools).
Sizes the parachute to one of the six sizing channels (S, 1, 2, 3, 4, and L).
Rechannels the diagonal backstrap retainer and fastens the pull-the-dot fastener.
Lets out about half of the slack in the horizontal backstrap, leg straps, and chest strap;
straightens the leg straps and chest strap; and folds the kit bag, leaving the outermost carrying
handle extended.
Step 3. The No. 1 jumper bends slightly forward at the waist to don the parachute. The No. 2 jumper
holds the parachute assembly by the main lift web under the canopy release assemblies and places it
on the back of No. 1 jumper.
Step 4. The No. 1 jumper remains bent forward at the waist; No. 2 pushes the pack tray high on No.
1s back and pulls the saddle well down over the buttocks. As the adjustment is being made, No. 1
fastens the chest strap and ensures that the activating lever is closed over the ball detent.
Step 5. The No. 2 jumper calls out LEFT LEG STRAP, grasps the leg strap by the quick fit V-ring
with one hand, and with his other hand starts from the saddle (with thumb and index finger) and feels
the length of the leg strap, removing any twists and turns. He then hands the left leg strap to the No. 1
jumper. No. 1 inserts the left leg strap through (over the bottom and under the top) the kit bag
carrying handle and snaps the quick fit V-ring into the left ejector snap. The right leg strap is passed
over the other end of the kit bag (securing it in place), and the quick fit V-ring is snapped into the
right ejector snap. The parachutist ensures that both the left and right activating levers are closed over
the ball detents.
Step 6. The No. 1 jumper stands erect and checks to ensure the canopy release assemblies are in the
shoulder pockets.
Step 7. The No. 2 jumper locates the free running ends of the horizontal backstrap and tightens the
harness until No. 1 indicates it fits snugly and comfortably. The horizontal backstrap is the main
point of adjustment for the harness. After final adjustment, No. 1 should be able to stand fully erect
without straining. (See Figure 2-30.)
Step 8. The No. 1 and 2 jumpers then change positions and repeat steps 1 through 6. When both
parachutists have donned their parachute harnesses, they face each other and make a visual
inspection. They correct any discrepancies before securing the reserve parachute. All excess webbing
is stowed in webbing retainers.
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Figure 2-30. Troop parachute harness, fitted
MIRPS/T-10 RESERVE DONNING

2-65. Two personnel are required when attaching the reserve parachute to the main parachute harness. The
No. 1 jumper attaches the reserve parachute to the main parachute harness by cradling the parachute in his left
arm with the connector snaps up and the rip cord grip in the palm of the left hand. To attach the reserve to the
main parachute harness the following steps are taken:
Step 1. The No. 1 jumper uses his right hand and starting at the pack tray, runs the waistband out
between his thumb and index finger to remove any twists or turns.
Step 2. The No. 2 jumper threads the waistband through the two reserve waistband retainers and
fastens the right connector snap to the right D-ring. The No. 2 jumper then inserts the safety wire into
the right connector snap and bends the wire down to safety it. He connects the left connector snap to
the left D-ring.
Step 3. Both jumpers help each other in securing the waistband and forming the quick release. The
No. 2 jumper pulls all the slack out of the waistband. The slack in the quick-release loop is about the
width of two to three fingers.
Step 4. The No. 1 and 2 jumpers then change positions and repeat steps 1 through 3. When both
parachutists have donned their parachute harnesses and reserve, they face each other and make a
visual inspection. They correct any discrepancies.
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Note. During the initial periods of airborne training, students will receive thorough training in the
nomenclature, fitting, and wearing of the parachute assemblies. Demonstration, followed by student
participation, is the key to the success of this instruction. Instructors constantly check to ensure
students know the proper nomenclature as well as the proper methods of wearing and fitting the
parachutes.
T-11 AND MC-6 HARNESS

2-66. When donning the T-11, parachute jumpers must complete the following steps:
Step 1. Inspect the parachute assembly for visible defects. The main parachute harness requires preadjustment prior to fitting.
Step 2. Place the parachute on the ground. Ensure the harness assembly is up and the risers are facing
away. This includes
Activating the waistband quick release and pulling up each of the activating levers on the leg
strap ejector snaps, which releases the leg straps. He then activates the quick release in the chest
strap.
Sizing the parachute harness must be done prior to donning to ensure proper fit. There are two
sizing locations: the diagonal backstraps and the left and right main lift webs.
Adjusting the harness. The diagonal backstraps provide two of the nine points of adjustment on
the parachute harness. There are five sizing channels numbered 1 through 5 to adjust for the
placement of the canopy release assemblies and position of the pack tray.
Unsnaping the pull-the-dot fastener on the diagonal backstrap retainer and pulling it free from
the sizing channel.
Selecting the appropriate size and routes the diagonal backstrap retainer through the appropriate
sizing channel then through the appropriate diagonal backstrap keeper. He secures the
directional snap fasteners.
Note. The optimum position of the harness is with the top edge of the pack tray in alignment with the
jumpers shoulders and the canopy release assemblies resting in the hollow of the shoulders just
below the collarbone. The main lift webs provide two of the nine points of adjustment. There are
three size settings: small, medium, and large.
Step 3. Complete donning preparation. To do this, parachutists must arrange the T-11 main, T-11
reserve, and aviators kit bag by
Letting out the excess webbing from all points of adjustment (leg straps, horizontal backstraps,
and chest strap).
Positioning the aviators kit bag and reserve parachute where it is easily accessible to the
parachutist during donning of the parachute harness.
Note. Two personnel are required when donning the parachute. One assumes the role as the jumper,
the other as the buddy to assist in rigging. This also reduces the possibility of rigging deficiencies
and ensures proper fit of the parachute.
Note. The advanced combat helmet (ACH) must be inspected prior to airborne operations to ensure
that all seven suspension pads are present, that the crown pad has not been replaced by two oval
pads, that the front trapezoidal pad is even with the rim of the advanced combat helmet, and that the
rear trapezoidal pad is flush with the outer rim or protruding slightly beyond the rim of the advanced
combat helmet.
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Step 4. Place harness. Both jumpers perform the following steps:
The No. 1 jumper dons the ACH and assumes a modified high jumper position.
The No. 2 jumper places the parachute harness over No. 1 jumpers arms and holds the pack
tray high on the jumpers back.
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Step 5. Secure the chest strap. The No. 1 jumper performs step 5, which includes the following
actions:
Ensuring that the quick-release webbing retainer is the width of two to three fingers.
Completing an S fold or accordion fold and securing the excess webbing in its webbing
retainer. This ensures that the tabbed ending points towards the chest strap friction adapter.
Pulling the ejector snaps and L shaped ejector snap pads as far forward as possible towards
the center of the groin.
Securing the aviators kit bag.
Securing the leg straps. This ensures that the left leg strap is properly routed through the
exposed carrying handle-over the bottom and under the top. Then, complete an S fold,
accordion fold, or roll the free running ends of the leg straps into the webbing retainers.
Step 6. Adjust the parachute to the individual jumper. Both jumpers perform step 6, which includes
the following actions:
The No. 1 jumper secures the D-rings with the thumbs of each hand, then pulls downward and
stands erect.
The No. 2 jumper removes all slack from the horizontal backstrap by simultaneously pulling up
on both sides of the horizontal backstraps where they emerge from the main lift web.
Step 7. Continue adjusting parachute to the individual jumper. Both jumpers perform step 7, which
includes the following actions:
The No. 1 jumper remains standing erect, releases the D-rings and applies pressure to the
horizontal backstrap just above the ejector snaps until a tight but not uncomfortable adjustment
has been made.
The No. 2 jumper removes all slack on each side by grasping a diagonal backstrap in one hand
while tightening down on the free running end in the other hand. He S folds, accordion folds,
or rolls the free running ends and secures them into the webbing retainers.
Step 8. Next jumper dons parachute. The No. 1 and 2 jumpers then change positions and repeat steps
1 through 6. When both parachutists have donned their parachute harnesses, they face each other and
make a visual inspection. They correct any discrepancies before securing the reserve parachute. All
excess webbing is stowed in webbing retainers.
Note. After donning the T-11 harness, the pack trays top edge should be in alignment with the
jumpers shoulder blades for optimum position of the harness. The center point of the leg strap
ejector snaps and quick fit V-ring should rest in the jumpers hip socket.
T-11 RESERVE DONNING

2-67. The parachutist attaches the reserve parachute by cradling the parachute in his left arm with the connector
snaps up and the rip cord handle in the palm of the left hand.
2-68. The parachutists performs the following steps when donning the T-11 reserve parachute:
Step 1. No. 1 and 2 jumpers take the following actions:
The No. 1 jumper cradles the reserve parachute in the crook of his left arm with the rip cord
handle in the palm of the left hand.
The No. 2 jumper removes all twists from the waistband and hands the free running end to the
No. 1 jumper, being careful not to reintroduce a twist in the waistband.
Step 2. Jumpers No. 1 and 2 perform step 2 by taking the following actions:
The No. 1 jumper passes the waistband through the waistband retainers on the rear of the
reserve parachute from right to left. He attaches the right connector snap to the right D-ring on
the harness, and the left connector snap to the left D-ring. He ensures that the waistband is
below the D-rings.
The No. 2 jumper attaches the waistband to the waistband-adjuster panel and grasps the running
end of the jumpers waistband in his right hand, placing his left hand on the end of the reserve
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for leverage. He pulls the slack from the waistband and secures it to the waistband adjuster
panel forming a quick release.
Step 3. The No. 1 and 2 jumpers change positions and repeat steps 1 through 3. When both
parachutists have donned their parachute harnesses and reserve, they face each other and make a
visual inspection. They correct any discrepancies. After doing so, they are now ready to jump;
however, before jumping from an aircraft, they will receive a detailed safety inspection from a JM.
Note. When moving with the parachute harness on, the jumper will keep his hand on the rip cord
handle at all times to prevent accidental activation of the reserve parachute.
SECTION V PROTECTIVE HEADGEAR

2-69. The ballistic helmet, or the ACH, is used during airborne operations. Helmets must be fitted properly to
ensure they stay on the parachutists heads during deployment of their parachutes and during parachute landing
falls. Navy and Marine Corps personnel will use helmets approved in accordance with NAVSEAINST
13512.1M and MCO 3120.11.
BALLISTIC HELMET DESCRIPTION

2-70. The ballistic helmet is a laminated, one piece helmet. It has a low profile, a close fit, and a low center of
gravity. The helmet is available in five sizes: extra small, small, medium, large, and extra large.
PARACHUTIST HELMET MODIFICATIONS

2-71. The ballistic helmet is modified for airborne operations by adding a parachutist retention strap and a foam
impact pad. (See Figure 2-31.) These items provide maximum safety and stability.
Note. Be sure the hook-pile tape on the ends of the parachutist retention strap faces the rear of the
helmet.
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Figure 2-31. Ballistic helmet with modified retention strap and foam impact pad
CAMOUFLAGE COVER
2-72. A camouflage cover is secured to the helmet by placing the cover over the helmet and threading both
sides of the unfastened chin strap through the corresponding slits in the cover. (See Figure 2-32.) The two rear
attachment tabs of the cover are tucked between the cover and the helmet. The two ends of the parachutist
retention strap are threaded through the corresponding slits in the rear of the cover. The four remaining
attachment tabs are fastened around the nylon webbing of the suspension band with drawstring and adjustable
tab.
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Figure 2-32. Ballistic helmet with camouflage cover and nomenclature
INSTALLATION OF IMPACT LINER

2-73. The foam parachutist impact liner (PIL) comes in a preformed block of liners perforated for easy
installation. The PIL can be placed in and removed from the helmet without removal of the retention strap, foam
impact pad, chinstrap, cover retaining straps, camouflage cover, or suspension band with drawstring and
adjustable tab. The PIL installation instructions include the following:
Separate the three portions of the foam PIL.
Size the PIL at the perforations according to your helmet size. (See Figure 2-33.)
Place the insert portions into the helmet so that the front and back pieces and the middle piece are
located under both the foam impact pad and the suspension band with drawstring and adjustable tab.
(See Figure 2-34.)
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Figure 2-33. Ballistic helmet foam with parachutist impact liner
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Figure 2-34. Installation of parachutist impact liner
DONNING OF BALLISTIC HELMET

2-74. The ballistic helmet is placed on the head to make any comfort adjustments. The chinstrap is fastened and
the chin cup is adjusted to fit snugly. Then, each end of the parachutist retention strap is placed alongside the
face and wrapped around the chinstrap, and its free running end (below the adjusting buckle) is pulled tight and
fastened to itself with the hook-pile tape attachment.
ADVANCED COMBAT HELMET

2-75. The ACH is a modular helmet system that provides ballistic, fragmentation, and impact protection. (See
Figure 2-35.) This system is compatible with the current night vision devices (NVDs), communications
packages, and chemical defense equipment. The ACH is intended to replace standard government and
commercial helmet systems currently in use. The ACH has the following characteristics:
The helmet system provides 9 mm and fragmentation protection within a spectrum of environments
(cold [-40 degrees Fahrenheit]; hot [140 degrees Fahrenheit]; salt water; fresh water; petroleum, oils,
and lubricants [POL]; and so on).
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The ACH allows maximum sensory awareness for the operator, which includes an unobstructed field
of view and increased ambient hearing capabilities.
The helmets retention/suspension system provides unsurpassed balance, stability, and comfort. This
unique system provides for proper size, fit, and ventilation.
The pad suspension system provides superior impact protection throughout all operational
requirements.
Figure 2-35. Advanced combat helmet
HELMET ASSEMBLY
2-76. The ACH has a unique, fully adjustable pad suspension system. All seven pads are worn with the helmet.
(See Figure 2-36.) The placement of the oval pads must cover the four bolt ends of the four adjustable buckles
in the helmet shell. The oval pads must be placed vertically inside the helmet shell to maximize impact
protection. The crown pad may not be replaced by two oval pads.
Note. The ACH must be inspected prior to airborne operations to ensure that all seven suspension
pads are present, that the crown pad has not been replaced by two oval pads, that the front trapezoidal
pad is even with the rim of the ACH, and the rear trapezoidal pad is flush with the outer rim or
protruding slightly beyond the rim of the ACH.
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Figure 2-36. Advanced combat helmet pads

Note. 1. If hot spots or discomfort are experienced, try rearranging the pad system to accommodate
a more comfortable fit. If discomfort persists, try resizing the shell.
2. See the sizing and fitting troubleshooting guidelines (paragraph 2-79) for problems with fit,
such as tightness or looseness, or if the helmet profile is too high or too low.
3. When trying on the helmet for the first time in a cold environment, wear the helmet for a
few minutes to allow the pads to warm up and conform to the shape of the head.
WARNING
A minimum of seven pads must be present for an airborne operation.
The helmet must be worn with a crown pad to meet the impact
protection requirement.
FITTING
2-77. Adjust the chinstrap to optimize fit and comfort by following the steps below:
Step 1. Before donning the ACH, loosen all adjustable straps (two in front, two in back, one on nape
of neck). (See Figure 2-37.)
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Figure 2-37. Advanced combat helmet adjustable straps
Step 2. Position the ACH on the head and hold in place with one hand on top of the helmet for initial
adjustment. (See Figure 2-38.)
Figure 2-38. Advanced combat helmet held in place for initial adjustment
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Step 3. Partially tighten the two back adjustable straps (one side at a time). (See Figure 2-39.)
Figure 2-39. Backstraps adjustment
Step 4. Partially tighten the two front adjustable straps (one side at a time). (See Figure 2-40.)
Figure 2-40. Adjust two front straps
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Note. If any strap is pulled too tightly during steps 3 and 4, the ACH may become uncomfortable and
tilted on the head.
Step 5. With both hands, fully tighten the front and back adjustment straps. (See Figure 2-41.)
Figure 2-41. Front and backstraps adjustment
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Step 6. Position the nape pad up and down according to personal comfort. (See Figure 2-42.)
Figure 2-42. Position nape pad
SIZING AND FITTING TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDELINES

2-78. The following paragraphs provide guidelines for solving sizing and fitting problems.
Advanced Combat Helmet Too Tight

2-79. If the ACH feels too tight,
Try arranging the side pads in a vertical configuration.
Try removing the back pad and rearranging the side pads.
Try creating space in the area that feels tight.
Try changing to the next smallest pad size, if rearranging the pads does not alleviate the tightness.
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Advanced Combat Helmet Too Loose

2-80. If the ACH feels too loose (See Figure 2-43.),
Try a larger sized pad set or increase the current number of pads in use.
Downsize to a size medium shell, if wearing a size 8 pad set and a size large shell. If the helmet is
still too loose, increase the number of pads.
Figure 2-43. Advanced combat helmet too loose
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Advanced Combat Helmet Too High

2-81. If the crown pad does not touch the top of the head or the forehead is too exposed (See Figure 2-44.),
Try a smaller sized pad set.
Try a larger shell size if smaller pads do not work.
Figure 2-44. Advanced combat helmet sits too high
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Advanced Combat Helmet Too Low

2-82. If the ACH sits too low on the brow, is not compatible with eyewear, or other compatibility issues exist
(See Figure 2-45.),
Try larger suspension pads.
Try a smaller ballistic helmet shell if the larger pads do not solve the problem.
Figure 2-45. Advanced combat helmet sits too low
SECTION VI PARACHUTIST ANKLE BRACE

2-83. The parachutist ankle brace (PAB) stabilizes the jumpers ankles during PLFs and reduces the potential
for ankle injury. The PAB, which is worn outside the combat boot, consists of sidewalls that extend vertically to
encircle the ankle and the lower leg. The side and back portions are connected by a U-shaped support that fits
over the boot heel. The support has a hook pile strap system that attaches the brace to the leg and boot. The
PAB is lined with a three section air cell to cushion the lower leg.
Note. The PAB is not a required item of equipment.
OBTAINING PARACHUTIST ANKLE BRACES

2-84. The unit orders the PAB or the heel strap replacement kit directly from AIRCAST , P.O. Box 709,
Summit, NJ 07902-0709, and commercial 800-526-8785. All sizes are based on mens shoe sizes. The size
codes for ordering are small, less than mens size 8, 02G (NSN 8465-01-416-6217); medium, mens sizes 8
through 11, 02H (NSN 8465-01-417-4002); or large, larger than mens size 11, 021 (NSN 8465-01-416-6218).
European sizes are small, less than 42; medium, 42 through 45; and large, larger than 45. The cost is
approximately $60 per pair.
Note. The PAB must be worn with standard heeled boots. When worn with boots with flat or rippled
soles, the PAB tends to slip and does not provide the proper support for the jumpers ankles.
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INSPECTING
2-85. Both the JM and parachutist inspect the parachute ankle brace for serviceability by taking the actions
described below.
PROCEDURES
2-86. Parachute ankle braces are inspected by examining the PAB cushion, the upper and lower leg straps, and
the heel strap. The following must be considered:
If the leg cushion is missing, the PAB is unserviceable. If the cushion is torn, the JM decides whether
the PAB is serviceable.
If the hook portion of the hook-pile tape is missing from the leg straps, the PAB is unserviceable and
must be replaced.
If the heel strap is unserviceable, it can be replaced by following the instructions below.
Replacement of Heel Strap

2-87. If the PAB is unserviceable because of a worn or torn heel strap, the heel strap is replaced as follows:
Remove the screw, with a flat blade screwdriver, that secures the heel strap to the brace. Save the
screw from the folded tab on the heel strap.
Unthread and remove the heel strap from the buckle on the opposite side of the brace.
Fasten the hook pile tab to the brace.
Note. Ensure the new heel strap size corresponds to the brace size (small, medium, or large).
Flip the brace over so the heel strap buckle is facing up. Thread the heel strap through the buckle top
slot and pull through the slack. Loop the strap through the bottom slot and pull until snug.
Flip the brace back over, remove the hook pile tab to expose the screw hole, fold the strap end over,
line up the screw holes, insert the screw through the strap, and refasten the screw to the brace.
DONNING THE PARACHUTIST ANKLE BRACE

2-88. To reduce the potential for jumper ankle injury, the PAB must be adjusted to fit snugly around the foot,
ankle, and lower leg. The PAB is adjusted to the jumpers foot as follows:
Loosen the two leg straps and the heel strap, step into the PAB with the heel strap under the boots
instep (the area in front of the boot heel). Tighten the heel strap and then the two leg straps. The
bottom of the shell should align with the top of the sole.
Fasten the leg straps using only the outer portion of the leg strap buckle. If both inner and outer
portions of the buckle are used, the PAB could be difficult to remove in a tactical situation.
Note. The PAB is designed so the jumper can run short distances while wearing the PAB, if
necessary, due to the tactical situation.
DOFFING THE PARACHUTIST ANKLE BRACE

2-89. The parachutist ankle brace is removed by loosening the leg straps and pulling the PAB off the leg and
foot. The PAB is an air item and must be retained by the jumper for use during subsequent jumps.
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Five Points of Performance

The five points of performance are specific actions the parachutist performs between the
time of exit from the aircraft and recovery after landing. These points of performance are
individual actions that are essential on every parachute jump. Each of the points are
stressed during jumper training and are taught using one or more of the training
apparatuses. Failure to perform any one point correctly could result in a jump injury.
SECTION I T-10 AND MC-1 SERIES, FIVE POINTS OF PERFORMANCE
POINT 1. PROPER EXIT, CHECK BODY POSITION, AND COUNT

3-1. A proper exit, body position, and count are essential to lessen the possibility of a parachute
malfunction/bodily injury during the deployment and inflation of the parachute. The duration of the 4000 count
corresponds to the approximate time it takes the main parachute to fully deploy when used by a jumper exiting
an aircraft flying 130 knots per hour. The following must be trained reflex actions as the parachutist exits the
aircraft:
The parachutist starts the 4000 count at ONE THOUSAND and snaps his feet and knees together,
locking his knees to the rear and pointing the balls of his feet toward the ground.
He lowers his head and places his chin firmly against his chest.
At the same time, he rotates his elbows firmly into his sides (with the palms of his hands on the ends
of the reserve parachute, fingers naturally spread, and right hand over the rip cord grip for the T-10
and MIRPS only), and bends his body forward at the waist to look over the reserve and to see the
toes of his boots while he continues to count, TWO THOUSAND, THREE THOUSAND, FOUR
THOUSAND, at normal cadence. (He keeps his eyes open to react to situations around him.)
WARNING
If no opening shock is felt by the parachutist at the end of the 4000
count, he must activate the reserve parachute for a total malfunction.
POINT 2. CHECK CANOPY AND GAIN CANOPY CONTROL

3-2. When he finishes the 4000 count, the parachutist feels the parachute open, checks the canopy for
malfunctions or damage, and then controls the parachute.
T-10 SERIES
3-3. The parachutist controls the T-10 series parachute by grasping the risers (with his thumbs up), spreads the
risers apart, and throws his head back to inspect the entire canopy.
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MC-1 SERIES
3-4. To control the MC-1 series parachute, the parachutist throws his head back to inspect the entire canopy
and at the same time grasps the control line toggles and pulls them down to eye level, with his elbows well
back, for immediate canopy control.
TWISTS
3-5. The main parachute may have twisted suspension lines, risers, or both. This condition may be caused by a
single action or a combination of actions. The most common causes include the following:
The deployment bag starts spinning before the canopy deploys.
The canopy spinning as it comes out of the deployment bag and before it inflates.
The parachutist tumbling or spinning (caused by improper exit and body position) during his descent.
3-6. If the suspension lines are twisted and the parachutist cannot raise his head enough to check the canopy
properly, he compares his rate of descent with that of nearby parachutists. If the parachutist is falling faster than
other jumpers, he will activate his reserve parachute using the pull drop method.
Rate of Descent Compared to Nearby Parachutists

3-7. If his descent is the same as other jumpers around him, the parachutist takes the following actions:
Untwists the suspension lines by reaching behind his neck, grasping each pair of risers (thumbs
down, knuckles to the rear), and exerting an outward pull on each pair.
Kicks his legs in a bicycle motion, continues to pull outward on the risers, and kicks until the twists
are out of the suspension lines.
When the twists are out of the lines, he checks the canopy and gains canopy control.
Partial Malfunction and Rate of Descent Too Fast

3-8. If the parachutists main canopy has a partial malfunction and his descent is too fast (when compared to
nearby parachutists), he activates the reserve parachute. (If using the T-10 reserve parachute, he uses the downand-away method of activation. If using the MIRPS or SLCP reserve parachute, he uses the pull-drop method of
activation.) (Refer to Chapter 6 for more information on activation of the reserve.)
No Comparison Can Be Made

3-9. When other parachutists are not close enough to compare rates of descent, the parachutist activates the
reserve parachute for a partial malfunction (down-and-away method if using the T-10R and pull-drop method
for MIRPS or SLCP for a partial malfunction).
POINT 3. KEEP A SHARP LOOKOUT DURING ENTIRE DESCENT

3-10. The ability to hit a specific landing spot and to avoid other parachutists during descent is essential to
successful airborne operations.
WARNING
During descent, the parachutist must watch for fellow jumpers to
avoid collisions and entanglements. Jumpers will maintain a 25-foot
separation from other jumpers.
T-10 SERIES PARACHUTE

3-11. The degree of maneuverability with a T-10 series parachute is limited compared to the MC-1 series. The
jumper maneuvers the T-10 series parachute using slips, which are described and used as follows:
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Use of slips. The parachutist performs slips to avoid other parachutists, to avoid obstacles on the
ground, and to prepare to land.
Types of slips. The two types of slips are the two riser and the one riser. For an effective slip of
either type, the parachutist must ensure his hands are not placed through or behind the riser(s). Slips
are completed with the following actions:
Slip execution. When slipping, the parachutist looks in the direction that the slip is being made,
makes a sharp initial pull to effectively spill air from the canopy, and releases the riser(s) slowly
to prevent spinning or oscillations.
Two-riser slip. A two-riser slip is made by reaching up to the elbow locked position, grasping a
pair of risers in the direction of the desired movement, and pulling them down to the chest
(name tape level).
One-riser slip. A one-riser slip is made by pulling down three full-arm lengths of the one riser
nearest the desired direction of movement with a hand-over-hand motion.
MC-1 SERIES PARACHUTE

3-12. Depending on the wind conditions and his skill, the parachutist can steer his parachute to a selected point
of impact on the drop zone to avoid other parachutists in the air, to avoid obstacles on the ground, or to use a
preferred PLF. To control MC-1 series movement, the parachutist must know the principles by which the
canopy operates and the factors that govern its control. The movement of the canopy is controlled by the action
of the wind, the position of the canopy orifice (opening) relative to wind direction, and the way in which the
control lines are manipulated.
WARNING
Due to the canopys steerability, parachutists should stay at least 50
feet apart in the air to prevent collisions and entanglements.
Opening Away From Wind

3-13. Holding. When the opening is located directly opposite the wind, the thrust of the opening will be acting
against the wind. This reduces the effect of wind velocity on the canopy and will retard the lateral movement of
the canopy in the direction of the wind.
Opening With the Wind

3-14. Running. When the opening is located directly with the wind, the thrust of the opening combines with
the thrust of the wind to speed the movement of the canopy in the direction of the wind.
Opening at an Angle
3-15. Crabbing. When the opening is at an angle to wind direction, the force of the wind from one direction
and the thrust of the opening at the angle moves the canopy in a direction near a right angle of the direction of
orifice thrust. The direction of movement varies with wind velocity and the angle at which the opening is
pointed.
WARNING
Before attempting any maneuvers, parachutists must continually
check their surroundings to prevent collisions with other
parachutists.
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CANOPY MANIPULATION
3-16. Properly executed MC-1 series maneuvers require correct canopy manipulation to combine the force of
the wind and the thrust of the opening to move the parachute in a given direction. To maneuver the parachute to
a certain point on the ground or to avoid ground obstacles, the parachutist may have to turn and hold into the
wind, run with the wind, or crab to the left or right while running or holding.
TURNING
3-17. Turning is accomplished by pulling down on one control line toggle. The farther down the toggle is
pulled, the faster the turn. Pulling the right toggle causes a right turn. Pulling the left toggle causes a left turn.
Braking
3-18. Pulling both toggles at the same time reduces forward speed but increases the rate of descent. This is
called braking. To deliberately lose altitude quickly, the parachutist pulls down on both toggles. This maneuver
should be stopped before he is less than 250 feet above the ground.
Holding Into the Wind

3-19. Holding into the wind is accomplished by rotating the MC-1 series canopy until the orifice is on the
downwind side; thereafter, the parachutist manipulates the control line toggles to retain this position.
Running With the Wind

3-20. Running with the wind is accomplished when the parachutist rotates the canopy until the orifice is on the
upwind side. Thereafter, control line toggles are manipulated as needed to retain the position.
WARNING
Running with the wind just prior to landing can cause injury and must
be avoided below 100 feet above the ground.
Crabbing With the Wind

3-21. Maneuvering while holding into, running with, or at an angle to the wind, is performed by rotating the
canopy to the left or right. As the canopy begins to move in the desired direction, the parachutist manipulates
the control line toggles to maintain this direction.
Maneuvering With a Broken Control Line

3-22. If a right or left control line is broken, the canopy can still be maneuvered, though more slowly. The
parachutist reaches high on the right or left rear riser, on the same side as the broken control line, and pulls
down.
Maneuvering With an Inversion

3-23. If the canopy has inverted while opening, the parachutist reverses the maneuvering technique. To turn
left, the parachutist pulls down on the right control line; to turn right, he pulls down on the left control line.
Maneuvering With a Tangled Control Line

3-24. If the control line becomes tangled in a suspension line, the parachutist uses the same procedure as with a
broken control line.
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COLLISIONS AND ENTANGLEMENTS

3-25. A collision is the physical impact or contact, however slight, of one parachutist or parachutists
equipment with that of another parachutist. An entanglement is the entwining or attachment of a parachutist or
parachutists equipment with that of another parachutist during descent, whether or not the entanglement lasts
until the parachutists contact the ground.
Collisions
3-26. Parachutists must be alert in the air and warn each other of impending collisions. If a collision cannot be
avoided by slipping or turning, the parachutist attempts to bounce off the other parachutists suspension lines or
canopy by spreading his arms and legs just before making contact.
Entanglements
3-27. If a jumper becomes entangled with one or more suspension lines of another parachute, the parachutist
does one of the following, depending on the type of parachute being used.
T-10 Series
3-28. If entanglement occurs with the T-10 series parachute, react by taking the following actions:
The upper parachutist firmly grasps a portion of the lower parachute and moves hand-under-hand
down the suspension lines of the lower parachute until each parachutist can grasp and hold the main
lift web of the others parachute, being careful not to grip the canopy release assemblies.
If neither jumper has a fully inflated canopy, both parachutists push and turn away from one another,
creating a clear and unobstructed path between them and then activate their reserves using the pulldrop method.
When the balls of the feet strike the ground, both parachutists make either a right, left, or rear PLF
away from each other. No front PLFs will be made.
3-29. With the T-10 series, both jumpers can ride one good canopy to the ground. If both canopies collapse,
both jumpers must activate their reserves using the pull-drop method.
MC-1 Series
3-30. Both jumpers remain where they are and activate their reserves for a partial malfunction. When using the
MIRPS, parachutists must have a clear path to their front for the spring assisted deployment device.
STEALING AIR
3-31. A descending parachute causes an area of partial air compression immediately below the canopy and an
area of partial vacuum and descending turbulent air above the canopy. This turbulent air extends about 50 feet
above the canopy.
3-32. A parachute falling into an area of partial vacuum (from a parachute below) does not capture enough air
to stay fully inflated. The top parachute may partially collapse and drop below the other parachutists canopy
until the force of unaffected air reinflates it. Then this canopy, being lower, steals the air from the canopy
above; this causes the canopy above to partially collapse and the jumper to drop past the lower canopy. This
leap-frogging action continues unless corrective action is taken by the parachutist. Depending on the type of
parachutes involved, the parachutist does one of the following:
T-10 Series. He slips vigorously to maintain a lateral distance of at least 25 feet between the
parachutes.
MC-1 Series. He turns in the opposite direction to provide at least a 50-foot distance between the
parachutes. (When facing another parachutist, both parachutists execute a right turn.)
3-33. When jumpers are 250 feet or less above the ground, they must avoid stealing air from another parachute,
because a deflated canopy will not be high enough above the ground to reinflate completely. If this situation
occurs, the parachutist immediately prepares to land and to execute a PLF.
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POINT 4. PREPARE TO LAND

3-34. A proper landing attitude is necessary to lessen the risk of injury to the parachutist when he hits the
ground. (See Figures 3-1 and 3-2.) The preliminary movements of the parachutist vary, depending on the type
of parachute used, however, lowering his individual equipment is the same with either parachute. He lowers the
equipment on a lowering line when he is between 200 and 100 feet above the ground.
Figure 3-1. Landing attitude
Figure 3-2. Tree landing attitude
T-10 SERIES
3-35. When he is about 100 feet above the ground, the parachutist checks the direction of drift and pulls a tworiser slip into the wind. He holds the risers firmly against his chest and presses his elbows against his body. He
keeps his head erect with his eyes on the horizon. He keeps his legs slightly bent and knees unlocked, and he
keeps his feet and knees together with the balls of his feet pointed slightly toward the ground. He maintains
moderate muscular tension in his legs, which absorb a significant portion of the landing impact. He avoids
becoming stiff or tense; on impact, he executes a PLF.
MC-1 SERIES
3-36. When he is about 200 feet above the ground, the parachutist turns and holds into the wind as described in
paragraph 3-40. When nearing the ground, he holds the control line toggles at eye level. On impact, he holds the
toggles and rotates his hands and elbows high in front of his face. He keeps his legs slightly bent with knees
unlocked, and he keeps his feet and knees together with the balls of his feet pointed slightly toward the ground.
He maintains moderate muscular tension in the legs, which absorb a significant portion of the landing impact,
and he avoids becoming stiff or tense; on impact he executes a PLF.
OBSTACLES
3-37. The parachutist slips or turns to avoid obstacles. If obstacles (trees, water, or high-tension wires) cannot
be avoided, the parachutist takes the following precautions:
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Tree Landing
3-38. Initial precautions taken depend on the type of parachute worn.
T-10 Series
3-39. The parachutist continues to execute a diagonal slip to avoid the trees. Once he sees he cannot avoid
them, he immediately assumes a normal prepare-to-land attitude and takes the following actions:
Just before making contact with the trees, he brings his hands up in front of his head and elbows in
front of his chest while he continues to grasp the risers. (See Figure 3-2.)
He keeps his equipment attached and wears his ballistic helmet.
If he has lowered his equipment before realizing a tree landing is imminent, he looks below prior to
jettisoning his equipment, then jettisons the equipment.
He continues to watch the ground and trees. He keeps his feet and knees together and prepares to
make a good PLF should he pass through the trees.
MC-1 Series
3-40. Parachutists wearing the MC-1 will take the following actions:
Keeps feet and knees together and toes pointed downward.
Continues to control the canopy to avoid the trees if possible.
Keeps equipment attached and wears ballistic helmet. If he has lowered his equipment before
realizing a tree landing is imminent, he looks below prior to jettisoning his equipment and then
jettisons the equipment.
Continues to watch the ground and trees.
Just before impact, he assumes a normal prepare to land attitude, but he rotates his arms inward with
his elbows high.
Upon impact with a tree, he places his hands in front of his face.
Keeps feet and knees together and prepares to make a good PLF (should he pass through the trees).
3-41. If the parachutist gets hung up in a tree, he takes the following action:
WARNING
Make sure the reserve reaches the ground, or is close to it, before
continuing with the following actions.
October 2013
Reach up high on both sets of risers and tugs on them three or four times to determine if he is
securely hung. He prepares to do a good PLF in case he drops.
Tries to reach the tree trunk or a large limb to allow him to climb down to the ground.
Pulls the saddle down and over his buttocks and sits well in the saddle, if a tree trunk or large limb
cannot be reached.
Locates the release handle on his combat equipment and ensure it is clear below. Next, pulls on the
release handle, then lowers and jettisons his combat equipment.
Releases his chest strap by pulling outward on the ejector snap activating lever.
Activates the reserve parachute by pulling the rip cord grip. (When using the MIRPS, the jumper
ensures his left hand covers the rip cord protector flap to control the spring loaded deployment
assistance device). Helps feed the canopy of the reserve out to ensure that all of the suspension lines
are completely out of their retainers.
Activates the quick release in the waistband and frees it from the metal adjuster.
Unfastens the left connector snap of the reserve from the left D-ring and pushes the reserve behind
his right arm.
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Seats himself well into the saddle.

Wraps his legs around the suspension lines of the reserve parachute and carefully gets out of the
harness.
With one hand, grasps the main lift web and holds it firmly.
With the other hand, grasps the activating lever of either the left or right leg strap and pulls outward,
releasing the leg strap. The other leg strap is released in the same manner.
Climbs down the suspension lines and canopy, staying to the outside of the canopy.
Water Landing
3-42. As soon as the parachutist realizes he may land in water, he takes the actions described below.
Without a Life Preserver
3-43. When wearing the troop parachute harness without a life preserver and a water landing without a life
preserver is imminent, the parachutist does the following, in addition to the actions listed under water landing
(See Figure 3-3.):
Tries to slip or steer away from the water.
If unable to avoid the water, he looks below to ensure the area is clear of fellow jumpers. If there are
no fellow jumpers, he jettisons his helmet.
Looks below again to ensure there are no fellow jumpers, then lowers but does not jettison any
attached equipment.
Activates the quick release on the waistband.
Unhooks the left connector snap of the reserve parachute from the D-ring and rotates the reserve
parachute to his right side.
Pulls the saddle well under his buttocks.
Releases the chest strap by pulling on the activating lever of the ejector snap.
Regains canopy control.
Places both hands on the leg strap ejector snaps prior to entering the water.
When the balls of his feet make contact with the water, he activates the leg strap ejector snaps and
throws both hands high in the air in an attempt to slide out of the parachute harness.
Prepares to execute a PLF in case the water is shallow (two feet or less in depth).
Swims upstream, upwind, or away from the parachute to avoid becoming entangled with it.
Makes all possible attempts to remove the pistol belt and all equipment attached to his body that may
hinder movement in the water.
With a Life Preserver
3-44. When wearing a troop parachute harness and jumping with a life preserver (See Figure 3-4.), the
parachutist does the following, in addition to the actions under water landing:
Activates the life preserver after checking the canopy. If the life preserver fails to inflate, the
parachutist inflates the life preserver manually by blowing air into the inflation valve hose. After
entering the water, if the life preserver is not inflated, the parachutist ensures inflation of the flotation
device.
Pulls the safety clip out and away from his body (exposing the cable loops) and activates both
canopy release assemblies using one of the two methods used in the recovery from the drag as his
feet touch the water.
Does not remove the harness and equipment, since the life preserver will support a fully combatequipped parachutist.
3-45. For more information on life preservers, refer to Chapter 12, Section II.
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Figure 3-3. Landing without a life preserver
Figure 3-4. Landing with a B-7 life preserver
WARNING
When wearing the B-5, the parachutist does not inflate the B-5 until
the parachute harness is removed. The inflation force may crush his
ribs if restricted by the harness.
High-Tension Wire Landing

3-46. The parachutist assumes the wire landing attitude if he is unable to avoid high-tension lines when landing
by taking the following steps (See Figure 3-5.):
Step 1. Tries to slip away from the wires.
Step 2. Keeps his feet and knees together and toes pointed downward.
Step 3. Looks below and checks for fellow jumpers.
Step 4. Jettisons his combat equipment.
Step 5. Holds his hands high, inside the front set of risers with palms out and thumbs behind the
risers, elbows back, with his fingers extended and joined.
Step 6. Keeps his chin on his chest, his body straight, with an exaggerated bend to his knees.
Step 7. Prepares to make a normal parachute landing fall.
Step 8. If he contacts the wires, he begins a rocking motion with his body by pushing forward on the
front risers and kicking back with his legs; this may keep him from getting entangled in the wires. He
prepares to execute a PLF should he pass through the wires.
Note. If the jumper becomes entangled in the wires, he makes no attempt to climb down, but waits to
be rescued by a recovery team.
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Figure 3-5. Wire landing attitude
POINT 5. LAND
3-47. Most jump injuries occur because of improper PLF techniques. To lessen the possibility of injuries, the
parachutist is trained to absorb the impact of landing by executing a proper PLF.
3-48. To do this, the following five fleshy portions of the body must contact the ground in sequence: balls of
feet, calf, thigh, buttock, and pull-up muscle(s).
3-49. The three basic PLFs are side (right or left), front (right or left), and rear (right or left). The direction of
the wind drift dictates the type of fall the jumper will make.
3-50. The parachutist judges the direction of drift by looking at the ground before he assumes the landing
attitude. The parachutist prepares to make the appropriate PLF after determining the direction of the wind and
the type of fall.
SIDE PLF
3-51. As the balls of his feet make contact with the ground, the parachutist begins several actions at the same
time. As the fall continues, he does the following to complete a left side PLF (the right side PLF is similar to the
left side PLF, except the points of contact on the right side of the body are used):
Lowers his chin firmly to his chest and tenses his neck by taking the following actions:
Brings his hands up in front of his head and elbows in front of his chest, continuing to grasp the
risers (T-10 series) or the toggles (MC-1 series).
Bends and twists his torso sharply to the right. This movement forces the body into an arc.
The twisting motion of the hips pushes both knees to the left as the fall continues, and it exposes
the second through the fifth points of contact (calf, thigh, buttock, side).
As the PLF is completed in the direction of drift, the parachutist maintains tension in his neck to
prevent his head from striking the ground. This is accomplished by the following:
The momentum caused by drift brings his feet around to the right and into the line of drift.
After completing the PLF, he activates the canopy release assembly to keep from being dragged.
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FRONT PLF
3-52. The two types of front PLFs are right front PLF and left front PLF. The right front PLF is used if the
direction of (wind) drift is slightly to the right. The left front fall is used if the direction of drift is slightly to the
left. If the direction of drift is directly to the front, the parachutist selects either PLF. To complete a front PLF,
the following actions are completed:
For a left front PLF, he rotates from the waist down 45 degrees to his right, exposing his second and
third points of contact to the line of drift.
As the balls of his feet make contact with the ground, he continues to rotate his body to the right,
exposing the second, third, fourth, and fifth points of contact.
(When executing the right front PLF, he rotates to the left.)
REAR PLF
3-53. The two variations of the rear PLF are right rear PLF and left rear PLF. To complete a rear PLF, the
following actions are completed:
The jumper determines what PLF to make by checking the direction of drift. If the drift is directly to
the rear, he selects the appropriate PLF.
For a left rear PLF, he rotates from the waist down 45 degrees to his left, exposing the second and
third points of contact to the line of drift. This is accomplished with the following actions:
As the balls of his feet makes contact with the ground, he continues to rotate his body and bend
his upper torso away in the opposite direction, exposing the second, third, fourth, and fifth
points of contact.
When executing the right rear PLF, he rotates to the right.
SECTION II T-11 AND MC-6 SERIES, FIVE POINTS OF PERFORMANCE
POINT 1. PROPER EXIT, CHECK BODY POSITION, AND COUNT

3-54. The first point of performance for the T-11 and MC-6 is to properly exit, check the body position, and
count. A proper exit, body position, and count are essential to lessen the possibility of a parachute malfunction
or bodily injury during the deployment and inflation of the parachute. The duration of the 6000 count for the T11 and the 4000 count the for MC-6 corresponds to the approximate time it takes the main parachute to fully
deploy when used by a jumper exiting an aircraft flying 125 knots per hour. The following must be trained
reflex actions as the parachutist exits the aircraft.
The parachutist starts the 6000 count for the T-11 and the 4000 count for the MC-6 at ONE
THOUSAND, snaps his feet and legs together, then locks his knees and points the toes of his boots
toward the ground. He also lowers his head and places his chin firmly against his chest.
At the same time, he rotates his elbows firmly into his sides, both hands over the end of the reserve
parachute with his fingers naturally spread. He then bends his body forward at the waist to look over
the reserve to see the toes of his boots while continuing to count, TWO THOUSAND, THREE
THOUSAND, FOUR THOUSAND, FIVE THOUSAND, SIX THOUSAND for the T-11 and TWO
THOUSAND, THREE THOUSAND, FOUR THOUSAND for the MC-6, at normal cadence. (He
keeps his eyes open, chin on chest to react to situations around him.)
WARNING
Hand must remain over the ends of the reserve parachute with
fingers naturally spread. Failure to do so may cause unintentional
activation of the reserve parachute while standing in the door or
during exit from the aircraft.
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WARNING
If no opening shock is felt by the jumper at the end of the 4000 count
or 6000 count, he must activate the reserve parachute as for a total
malfunction.
POINT 2. CHECK CANOPY AND GAIN CANOPY CONTROL

3-55. The second point of performance is to check the canopy and gain canopy control. When the parachutist
finishes the 6000 count for the T-11 and the 4000 count for the MC-6, the parachutist feels the parachute open,
checks the canopy for malfunction or damage, and controls the parachute.
T-11 PARACHUTE
3-56. The jumper throws his head back to inspect the entire canopy and the slider to ensure it slides all the way
down to the riser assemblies. At the same time he reaches up to the elbow locked position and secures the front
set of risers in each hand, simultaneously conducting a 360-degree check of his canopy.
MC-6 PARACHUTE
3-57. The parachutist throws his head back to inspect the entire canopy and at the same time reaches up and
secures a toggle in each hand, simultaneously conducting a 360-degree check of his canopy.
TWISTS
3-58. The main parachute may have twisted suspension lines, risers, or both. This condition may be caused by a
single action or combination of actions. The most common causes of twisting include the following:
The deployment bag spinning before the canopy deploys.
The canopy spinning when it comes out of the deployment bag, before it inflates.
The parachutist tumbling or spinning (caused by improper exit and body position) during his descent.
3-59. If the suspension lines are twisted and the jumper cannot raise his head enough to check the canopy
properly, he compares his rate of descent with that of nearby parachutists:
Rate of Descent Same as Others Around Him

3-60. If the parachutists suspension lines are twisted and his descent is the same as other jumpers around him,
he untwists his suspension lines by reaching up and grasping a set of risers with each hand, thumbs down,
knuckles to the rear. He pulls the risers apart and begins a vigorous bicycling motion. When the last twist comes
out, he checks the canopy and gains control.
Partial Malfunction and Rate of Descent too Fast

3-61. If the parachutists main canopy has a partial malfunction and his descent is too fast (when compared to
nearby parachutists), he activates the reserve parachute. (Refer to Chapter 6 for more information on activation
of the T-11 reserve parachute.)
No Comparison Can Be Made

3-62. When other parachutists are not close enough to compare rates of descent, he activates the reserve
parachute.
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POINT 3. KEEP A SHARP LOOKOUT DURING THE ENTIRE DESCENT

3-63. The third point of performance is for the parachutist to keep a sharp lookout during his entire descent.
The ability to hit a specific landing spot and to avoid other parachutists during descent is essential to successful
airborne operations. A successful jump consists of many of the following actions:
Remembering the three rules of the air, which include the following:
Always look before making a slip.
Always slip in the opposite direction to avoid collisions.
The lower jumper always has the right of way.

Avoiding fellow jumpers all the way to the ground and maintain a 25-foot separation when jumping
the T-11 series parachute.
Maintaining a 50-foot separation when jumping the MC-6 series parachute.
At the end of the third point of performance, releasing all appropriate equipment tie-downs.
WARNING
During descent, the parachutist must watch to avoid collisions and
entanglements with other parachutists and to avoid obstacles on the
DZ. Jumpers stay 25 feet if using the T-11, and 50 feet if using the
MC-6, away from other jumpers.
T-11 PARACHUTE
3-64. The degree of maneuverability with a T-11 parachute is limited compared to the MC-6. The jumper
maneuvers the T-11 parachute using slips, which are described and used as follows:
Use of slips. The parachutist performs slips to avoid other parachutists, to avoid obstacles on the
ground, and to prepare to land.
Types of slips. The two types of slips are the two riser and the one riser. For an effective slip of
either type, the parachutist must ensure his hands are not placed through or behind the riser(s). Slips
are completed with the following actions:
Slip execution. When slipping, the parachutist looks in the direction that the slip is being made,
makes a sharp initial pull to effectively spill air from the canopy, and releases the riser(s) slowly
to prevent spinning or oscillations.
Two riser slip. A two riser slip is made by reaching up to the elbow locked position, grasping a
pair of slip assist loops on the risers in the desired direction of movement, and pulling them
down to your chest.
One riser slip. A one riser slip is made by pulling down three full-arm lengths of the one riser
nearest the desired direction of movement with a hand over hand motion.
MC-6 PARACHUTE
3-65. Depending on the wind conditions and his skill, the parachutist can steer his parachute to a selected point
of impact on the DZ to avoid other parachutists in the air, to avoid obstacles on the ground, or to use a preferred
PLF. To control movement and direction of the MC-6, the parachutist must know the principles by which the
canopy operates and the factors that govern its control. The movement of the canopy is controlled by the action
of the wind and the position of the canopys three drive vents relative to wind direction, and the way in which
the control lines are manipulated.
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WARNING
Due to the canopys steerability, parachutists should stay at least 50
feet apart in the air to prevent collisions and entanglements.
HOLDING: OPENING AWAY FROM THE WIND

3-66. When the three drive vents are located directly opposite the wind, the thrust of the drive vents will be
acting against the wind. This reduces the effect of wind velocity on the canopy and retards the lateral movement
of the canopy in the direction of the wind. This technique is called holding.
RUNNING: OPENING WITH THE WIND

3-67. When the three drive vents are located directly with the wind, the thrust of the drive vents combines with
the thrust of the wind to speed the movement of the canopy in the direction of the wind. This technique is called
running.
CRABBING OR QUARTERING: OPENING AT AN ANGLE

3-68. When the three drive vents are at an angle to the wind direction, the force of the wind from one direction
and the thrust of the orifice at the angle move the canopy in a near right angle direction toward the direction of
orifice thrust. The direction of movement varies with wind velocity and the angle at which the drive vents are
pointed. This technique is called crabbing or quartering.
WARNING
Before attempting any maneuvers, the parachutist must check
around him to prevent collisions with other parachutists.
CANOPY MANIPULATION
3-69. Properly executed maneuvers require correct canopy manipulation to combine the force of the wind and
the thrust of the canopy drive vents to move the parachute in a given direction. To maneuver the parachute to a
certain point on the ground or to avoid ground obstacles, the parachutist may have to turn and hold into the
wind, run with the wind, or crab to the left or right while running or holding with the wind. These manipulations
are described as follows:
Turning. This is accomplished by pulling down on one control line toggle. The farther down the
toggle is pulled, the faster the turn. Pulling the right toggle causes a right turn. Pulling the left toggle
causes a left turn.
Braking. Pulling both toggles at the same time reduces forward speed. This is called braking. There
are six control input positions that will affect the performance of the canopy. Proper application of
the braking techniques will reduce landing impact.
Holding into the wind. Holding into the wind is done by rotating the MC-6 canopy until the drive
vents are on the downwind side. Thereafter, the parachutist manipulates the control line toggles to
retain this position.
Running with the wind. This is accomplished when the parachutist rotates the canopy until the drive
vents are on the upwind side. Thereafter, control line toggles are manipulated as needed to retain the
position.
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BREAKING
3-70. The six control input positions that affect canopy braking performance are: no brake, one-forth brake,
one-half brake, three-fourths brake, full brake and reverse flight. They are described in detail below.
No Brake Position
3-71. This position is attained when the jumper has the toggles in line with the top of his ACH advance combat
helmet or higher. The no brake position allows the canopy to achieve a maximum forward speed of 10 knots.
One-Forth Brake Position

3-72. This position is attained when the jumper has the toggles between eye level and shoulder level. The onefourth brake position reduces the forward drive of the canopy. It is used by the parachutist to maneuver the
canopy while in flight and when preparing to land, given prevailing wind conditions on the drop zone.
One-Half Brake Position

3-73. This position is attained when the jumper has the toggles at chest level. The one-half brake position also
reduces the forward drive of the canopy. It is used by the parachutist to maneuver the canopy while in flight and
when preparing to land, given prevailing wind conditions on the drop zone. When executing this position, the
parachutist should have his elbows held tightly into his sides, and his hands facing forward in line with the top
of his reserve parachute. Maintaining this body position will minimize possibility of injury to the jumpers
hands, wrists, and arms when executing a PLF. The jumper will execute a PLF from this body position and must
keep his hands and arms inside the area of his body frame.
Three-Fourths Brake Position

3-74. This position is attained when the jumper has the toggles between chest level and above his waistline.
The three-fourths brake position reduces the forward drive of the canopy and is used by the parachutist to
maneuver the canopy while in flight and when preparing to land, given prevailing wind conditions on the drop
zone. The parachutist should have his elbows tightly into his sides, and his hands facing forward. The inside of
the parachutists wrists should rest along the outside edge of his reserve parachute, hands, wrists, and arms
when executing a PLF. The jumper will execute a PLF from this body position and must keep his hands and
arms inside the area of his body frame.
Full Brake Position

3-75. This position is attained when the jumper has the toggles at waist level. The full brake position reduces
the forward drive of the canopy to its slowest and is used by the parachutist to maneuver the canopy while in
flight and when preparing to land, given prevailing wind conditions on the drop zone. The parachutist should
hold his elbows tightly into his side, with his hands facing forward. The inside of the parachutists wrists should
rest along the outside of his parachutist drop bag (PDB) when jumping with combat equipment. When jumping
Hollywood-style, his thumbs should be touching each other. Maintaining this body position will minimize
possibility of injury to the jumpers hands, wrists, and arms when executing a PLF. The jumper will execute a
PLF from this body position and must keep his hands and arms inside the area of his body frame.
Reverse Flight Position

3-76. This position is attained when the parachutist pulls his toggles below his waistline, and takes the
following actions:
Holds his elbows tightly into his sides with the heel of his wrists resting along the front of his thighs.
Maintaining this body position minimizes possibility of injury to the jumpers hands, wrists, and
arms when executing a PLF.
While executing a PLF from this body position, the parachutist must keep his hands and arms inside
the area of his body frame.
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3-77. When the toggles are pulled below waist level, the canopy will become unstable briefly. The parachutist
will feel the sensation of rocking back and forth as though he were balancing on a ball. This is a specific design
and performance characteristic of this canopy that allows an experienced parachutist to land on a desired point
in a rough, unimproved drop zone.
3-78. If the toggles are pulled below waist level and the canopy moves into reverse flight, the parachutist must
not let the toggles go to the full flight position. This will cause a surge in forward speed and descent rate
causing him to impact on the ground with increased force.
3-79. Always remember to avoid holding the toggles below waist level. Doing so can cause the canopy to
become somewhat unstable and increase landing impact energy by about 20 percent.
Note. If the toggles are pulled below waist level below 200 feet AGL and the canopy moves into
reverse flight, do not let the toggles go to the full-flight position. This will cause a surge in forward
speed and descent rate causing the jumper to impact on the ground with increased force.
WARNING
Running with the wind just prior to landing can cause injury and must
be avoided below 100 feet above the ground.
Note. All toggle manipulation below 200 feet should be soft and slow adjustments on final approach.
Radical adjustments in forward speed or direction can cause the parachute to oscillate and increase
the rate of descent resulting in injury to the jumper.
CRABBING OR QUARTERING
3-80. Maneuvering while running with, at an angle to, or holding into to the wind, is performed by rotating the
canopy to the left or right. As the canopy begins to move in the desired direction, the parachutist manipulates
the control line toggles to maintain this direction.
MANEUVERING WITH AN INVERSION

3-81. The parachutist reverses the maneuvering technique if the canopy has inverted while opening. The
parachutist pulls down on the right control line to turn left. He pulls down on the left control line to turn right.
MANEUVERING WITH A BROKEN CONTROL LINE

3-82. During routine parachute jumps, when a jumper experiences one or more broken control lines during the
parachutes inflation phase, the canopy can no longer be controlled by the opening and closing the extended
gore(s) and the parachutist must use alternate means to control the canopy. This is accomplished by the jumper
reverting to the one or two riser slip technique. If a right or left control line is broken, the canopy can still be
maneuvered, though more slowly. The parachutist reaches high on the right or left rear riser and pulls down on
the opposite side of the broken control line.
CANOPY MANIPULATION
3-83. Guiding or turning the MC-6 parachute using riser slips is accomplished by manipulation of the risers by
the jumper. The MC-6 utilizes the standard four riser system; two risers each from both shoulders of the jumper.
A turn or slip in a desired direction is accomplished by pulling in an appropriate riser. Reaching high and
pulling in on either rear riser distorts the lower lateral band, pulling it out of alignment in such a manner that it
forces the air to escape which forces the parachute to rotate or turn. Thus, a turn to the right is accomplished by
pulling in the right rear riser, and a turn to the left is accomplished by pulling in the left rear riser. Slips are also
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possible by pulling two risers. However, such slips are not executed as rapidly as the turning action of the
parachutes one riser slip. Results in this case will cause the parachute to glide in the direction of the two riser
slip, instead of a change in the direction of airflow through the orifice. All manipulations need to consider the
following:
The remaining steering line can also be used to turn (control) the canopy, however, the canopy will
turn left or right depending on the distance the steering line is pulled down. At approximately 100
feet above ground level, the jumper must determine the direction of the surface winds prior to his
fourth point of performance Prepare To Land, and turn the canopy into the wind to slow the
canopys ground speed (lateral velocity).
WARNING
Continuing to utilize one steering line during the fifth point of performance
LAND will cause the canopy to remain in a turn and NOT slow the jumpers
lateral ground speed.
To land safely, the jumper must release the toggle and utilize a two-riser slip less than 12 inches into
the wind to slow the canopy. Prior to landing, release all risers and be prepared to execute the
appropriate PLF.
WARNING
All riser slips during the last 100 feet should be gentle and smooth enough to
adjust direction only as needed. Pulling down on both rear risers smoothly and
quickly, 12 inches or more, will reduce forward speed then increase the jumpers
rate-of-descent in less than two seconds.
MANEUVERING WITH A TANGLED CONTROL LINE

3-84. The parachutist uses the same procedure as with a broken control line if the control line becomes tangled
in a suspension line.
3-85. If the control line becomes tangled with the L-bar connector link, the parachutist reaches up under the
affected riser and attempts to untangle the control line from the L-bar connector link. If the parachutist is
unsuccessful in his attempt, the canopy can still be controlled with the unaffected control line.

3-86. A collision is the physical impact or contact, however slight, of one parachutist or parachutists
equipment with that of another parachutist. An entanglement is the entwining or attachment of a parachutist or
parachutists equipment with that of another parachutist during descent, whether or not the entanglement lasts
until the parachutists contact the ground.
T-10 Parachute
3-87. In the event of a collision, the following actions should be taken:
If a parachutist sees another jumper approaching, he immediately attempts to slip away.
If he cannot slip away, he assumes a spread eagle position and attempts to bounce off the jumpers
canopy and or suspension lines and immediately slip away.
If a jumper passes through the suspension lines and becomes entangled, he must snap into a modified
position of attention, with either hand the jumper protects his rip cord handle and with his opposite
hand attempts to weave his way out of the suspension lines the same way he entered. Once clear, the
jumper immediately slips away.
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T-11 Parachute
3-88. In the event of an entanglement, the following actions should be taken:
If a parachutist is jumping with the T-11 parachute and becomes entangled, the higher jumper will
climb down to the lower jumper using the hand-under-hand method. Be sure to stay away from the
corner vents located on all four corners of the canopy and the bridle line on top of the canopy. Should
the jumper fall through a vent or become entangled in the bridle line, he should stay where he is and
be prepared to execute a proper PLF.
Once both jumpers are even, they will face each other and grasp each others left main lift web.
Both jumpers will discuss which PLF to execute.
Both jumpers will conduct the same PLF.
Neither jumper will execute a front PLF.
Both jumpers will continue to observe both canopies and take one of the following actions:
If one canopy collapses, neither jumper will activate their reserve parachute as one T-11 series
parachute can safely deliver two combat equipped jumpers to the ground.
If both canopies should collapse, both jumpers will immediately turn away from each other in
order to create a clear path, and activate their reserve parachute using the pull-drop method.
A jumper who finds himself on another jumpers canopy should double-time off and slip away.
Remember to stay away from the vents located at all four corners of the canopy.
A jumpers who falls through the vent should stay where he is and be prepared to execute a proper
PLF.
MC-6 PARACHUTE
3-89. In the event of a collision, take the following actions:
If a parachutist is jumping with the MC-6 parachute and sees another jumper approaching, he
immediately attempts to turn away.
If the jumpers are unable to avoid the collision, they should take the following actions:
Assume a spread eagle position.
Attempt to bounce off the jumpers canopy and suspension lines and immediately turning away
if he cannot avoid a collision.
In the event of an entanglement, both jumpers take the following actions:
Remain where they are.
Obtain a clear path.
Immediately activate their reserve using the pull-drop method for a partial malfunction.
STEALING AIR
3-90. A descending parachute causes an area of partial air compression immediately below the canopy, and an
area of partial vacuum and descending turbulent air above the canopy. This turbulent air extends about 50 feet
above the canopy.
3-91. A parachute falling into an area of partial vacuum (from a parachute below) does not capture enough air
to stay fully inflated. The top parachute may partially collapse and drop below the other parachutists canopy
until the force of unaffected air reinflates it. Then this canopy (being lower) steals the air from the canopy
above, causing the canopy above to partially collapse and the jumper to drop past the lower canopy. This leapfrogging action will continue unless corrective action is taken by the parachutist.
3-92. To move away from the area, he turns in the opposite direction providing at least a 50-foot distance
between the parachutes. (Both parachutists execute a right turn when facing another parachutist.) When there is
enough distance, the parachutist takes one of the actions below, depending on the parachute he is wearing:
If jumping with the T-11 parachute, the parachutist slips vigorously to maintain a lateral distance of
at least 25 feet between the parachutes.
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If jumping with the MC-6, he turns in the opposite direction to provide at least a 50-foot distance
between the parachutes. (When facing another parachutist, both parachutists execute a right turn.)
3-93. When 250 feet or less above the ground, parachutists must exercise care to avoid stealing air from another
parachute, because a deflated canopy will not be high enough above the ground to reinflate completely. The
parachutist immediately prepares to land and executes a PLF if this situation occurs.
POINT 4. PREPARE TO LAND

3-94. The fourth point of performance is preparing to land. A proper landing attitude is necessary to lessen the
risk of injury to the parachutist when he hits the ground. (See Figure 3-6.) Preparation includes the following:
When a parachutist commits himself to the final approach, he should plan on doing all of his slipping
approximately 200 feet AGL for the T-11, and his turning approximately 250 feet AGL for the MC-6
so the final approach will be smooth and the landing soft. This includes the following:
At 200 feet AGL, the parachutist slips with the T-11 directly into the wind.
At 250 feet AGL, the parachutist turns with the MC-6 directly into the wind. Exactly where he
slips or turns over the landing area will be based on the wind speed above the landing area.
After slipping or turning into the wind on final approach, the parachutist takes the following actions:
CAUTION
DO NOT change slips or make any more turns with the parachute unless it
is to avoid other jumpers in the air or obstacles on the ground.
Keeps a sharp lookout during descent for other jumpers.

All equipment is lowered at 200 feet while facing directly into the wind. The jumper must
maintain control of the toggles while lowering equipment when jumping an MC-6.
Do not let go of the toggles when jumping an MC-6 while lowering equipment. The parachutist
jumping an MC-6 will transfer a toggle from one hand to another free hand to release his
equipment.
Regains canopy control with both hands once the equipment is released.
T-11 PARACHUTE
3-95. When jumping with a T-11 parachute, the jumper takes the following actions:
At approximately 200 feet AGL, he looks below to ensure there are no fellow jumpers before
lowering his equipment.
Slips into the wind at approximately 200 feet AGL when jumping the T-11 series parachute.
If the wind is blowing from his left, he must reach up with both hands and grasp the left set of risers
and pull them deep into his chest.
If the wind is blowing from his front, he must reach up with both hands and grasp the front set of
risers and pull them deep into his chest.
If the wind is blowing from his right, he must reach up with both hands and grasp the right set of
risers and pull them deep into his chest.
If the wind is blowing from his rear, he must reach up with both hands and grasp the rear set of risers
and pull them deep into his chest.
After he has slipped into the wind, he assumes a landing attitude by keeping his feet and knees
together, his knees slightly bent, his elbows tight into his sides, his chin on his chest, and his eyes
open.
MC-6 PARACHUTE
3-96. When jumping with an MC-6 parachute, the jumper takes the following actions:
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Determines the direction of drift at approximately 250 feet AGL.

Pulls the left toggle down when jumping the MC-6 parachute and the wind is blowing from the left.
Lets up slowly to prevent oscillation when facing into the wind.
Pulls the right toggle down if the wind is blowing from the right.
Pulls either toggle down if the wind is blowing from the rear.
Makes minor corrections to remain facing into the wind, if the wind is blowing from the front.
Looks below to ensure there are no fellow jumpers.
At approximately 200 feet AGL, transfers control of one toggle to the opposite hand so that one hand
is controlling both toggles.
Releases all appropriate equipment tie-downs and lower combat equipment with a free hand.
Regains canopy control with both hands.
Assumes a proper prepare-to-land attitude by pulling the toggles to the appropriate break position.
Keeps feet and knees together, knees slightly bent, elbows rotated in toward the sides, and head and
eyes on the horizon.
OBSTACLES
3-97. The parachutist slips or turns to avoid obstacles. The parachutist takes the following precautions if
obstacles (trees, water, or high-tension wires) cannot be avoided:
TREE LANDING
3-98. Initial precautions must be taken when using the T-11 or MC-6 Personnel Parachute System.
T-11 Parachute
3-99. When using the T-11, the parachutist takes the following actions (See Figure 3-7.):
Immediately slips away when he begins drifting towards a tree.
If he cannot slip away and he has lowered his equipment, he looks below himself to ensure there are
no fellow jumpers below him and jettisons his equipment making a mental note of where it lands.
If he has not lowered his equipment, he keeps his equipment on him for extra protection as he passes
through the trees.
Assumes a good landing attitude at approximately 200 feet AGL.
Keeps his feet and knees together, knees slightly bent, chin on his chest, eyes open, and his hands in
front of his face with his elbows high.
Is prepared to execute a PLF if he passes through the trees.
If a jumper gets hung up in the trees and does not feel he can safely lower himself to the ground, he
is to stay where he is and wait for assistance.
MC-6 Parachute
3-100. When using the MC-6, the parachutist takes the following actions:
If a parachutist finds himself drifting towards the trees, he immediately turns away.
If he cannot avoid the trees and has lowered his equipment, he looks below himself to ensure there
are no fellow jumpers and jettisons his equipment making a mental note of where it lands.
If he has not lowered his equipment, he keeps it on to provide extra protection while passing through
the trees.
At approximately 250 feet AGL, the he assumes a landing attitude by keeping his feet and knees
together, knees slightly bent with his head and eyes on the horizon.
Rotates his hands in front of his face with his elbows high when the balls of his feet make contact
with the trees.
Is prepared to execute a PLF if he passes through the trees.
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Figure 3-6. Landing attitude
Figure 3-7. Tree landing attitude
WARNING
Make sure the reserve reaches the ground or is close to it before
continuing with the following actions.
3-101. A jumper takes the following action if he becomes hung up in a tree and decides to climb down:
October 2013
Jettisons all unneeded equipment.

Ensures that he maintains his ACH or ballistic helmet.
Activates the quick release in his waistband.
Applies inward pressure to the rip cord assembly with either hand.
Removes the top tuck tab with the opposite hand.
Maintains steady inward pressure and with the opposite hand inserts it behind the rip cord assembly
and applies inward pressure.
Grasps the rip cord handle with the opposite hand and pulls and drops it.
With both hands, he controls the activation of the reserve parachute toward the ground ensuring that
all suspension lines are completely deployed.
Disconnects the left connector snap and rotates the reserve parachute down and to the right.
Attaches the left connector snap to the triangle link on his right side.
Activates the quick release in the chest strap and completely removes the chest strap from the chest
strap friction adapter.
Grasps the main lift web with either hand below the canopy release assembly and with the other hand
activates the leg strap ejector snaps and climbs down the outside of the reserve parachute.
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CAUTION
Extreme care must be taken when climbing down the T-11 Reserve
parachute suspension lines because of the slippery coating applied to the
suspension lines. Remember, when in doubt, stay where you are and wait
for assistance.
WATER LANDING
3-102. As soon as the parachutist realizes he is going to land in water, he takes the following actions:
Immediately tries to slip or turn away if he is drifting towards a body water.
If he cannot slip or turn away, he looks below himself to ensure there are no fellow jumpers below
him, and lowers his equipment.
Jettisons his advanced combat helmet/ballistic helmet making a mental note of where it lands.
Activates the quick release in his waistband, disconnects the left connector snap, and rotates the
reserve parachute to the right.
Seats himself well into the saddle and activates the quick release in the chest strap, completely
removing the chest strap from the chest strap friction adapter.
Prior to entering the water, he assumes a landing attitude by keeping his feet and knees together,
knees slightly bent, and places his hands on the leg strap ejector snaps.
When the balls of his feet make contact with the water, he activates both ejector snaps for the leg
straps, arches his back, throws his arms above his head, and slides out of the parachute harness.
Swims upwind or upstream away from the canopy.
Is prepared to execute a PLF if the water is shallow (two feet or less in depth).
Without a Life Preserver

3-103. The parachutist does the following (in addition to the actions under water landing) when wearing the
T-11 parachute harness and a water landing without a life preserver is imminent (See Figure 3-8.):
Looks below himself to ensure there are no follow jumpers and lowers his equipment.
Jettisons his ACH or ballistic helmet making a mental note of where it lands.
Activates the quick release in his waistband, disconnects the left connector snap and rotates the
reserve parachute to the right.
Seats himself well into the saddle and activates the quick release in the chest strap, completely
removing the chest strap from the chest strap friction adapter.
Prior to entering the water he assumes a landing attitude by keeping his feet and knees together,
knees slightly bent and places his hands on the ejector snaps for the leg straps.
When the balls of his feet make contact with the water, he activates both ejector snaps for the leg
straps, arches his back, throws his arms above his head and slides out of the parachute harness.
Swims upwind or upstream away from the canopy.
Is prepared to execute a PLF if the water is shallow (two feet or less in depth).
With a Life Preserver

3-104. When wearing a T-11 parachute harness and jumping with a life preserver (See Figure 3-9.), the
parachutist does the following in addition to the actions mentioned under water landing:
While still in the air, he activates the life preserver prior to assuming a landing attitude.
If the life preserver fails to inflate, he inflates the life preserver manually by blowing air into the
inflation valve hose.
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He does not jettison any of his equipment.

Looks below to ensure there are no fellow jumpers below him and lowers his equipment.
Assumes a landing attitude and prepares to do a PLF in the event the water is shallow.
Once in the water, he activates both canopy release assemblies by using the hand-to-shoulder method
or the hand-to-assist method as described previously in the procedures for recovering from the drag.
He does not remove the harness and equipment, since the life preserver will support a fully combatequipped parachutist.
Note. For more information on life preservers, Refer to Chapter 12, Section II.
Figure 3-8. Landing without a life preserver
Figure 3-9. Landing with a B-7 life preserver
WARNING
When wearing the B-5, the parachutist does not inflate the B-5 until
the parachute harness is removed. If restricted by the harness, the
inflation force may crush the ribs.
HIGH-TENSION WIRE LANDING

3-105. The parachutist does the following if unable to avoid high tension lines when landing (See Figure 310.):
If he is drifting towards wires, he immediately tries to slip or turn away.
If he cannot slip or turn away, he looks below to ensure there are no fellow jumpers below him and
jettisons his equipment, making a mental note of where it lands.
Ensures that he maintains his ACH or ballistic helmet.
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Chapter 3
Assumes a landing attitude by keeping his feet and knees together and exaggerating the bend in his
knees. He keeps eyes open, his chin on his chest, and his back arched.
Places the palms of his hands high on the inside of the front set of risers.
When he makes contact with the wires, he begins a hard rocking motion and attempts to pass through
the wires.
Prepares to do a PLF in the event he passes through the wires.
If the parachutist gets hung up in the wires, he does not attempt to lower himself to the ground. He
stays where he is and waits for assistance.

POINT 5. LAND
3-106. The fifth point of performance is land. Most jump injuries occur because of improper PLF techniques.
To lessen the possibility of injuries, the parachutist is trained to absorb the impact of landing by executing a
proper PLF. To do this, the following five fleshy portions of the body must contact the ground in sequence:
Balls of feet.
Calf, thigh, buttock.
Pull-up muscle(s).
3-107. The three basic PLFs are:
Side (right or left).
Front (right or left).
Rear (right or left).
3-108. The direction of the wind drift dictates the type of fall the parachutist will make. The jumper judges the
direction of drift by looking at the ground before he assumes the landing attitude. The parachutist prepares to
make the appropriate PLF after determining the direction of the wind and the type of fall.
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SIDE PLF
3-109. As the balls of his feet make contact with the ground, the parachutist begins several actions at the same
time. As the fall continues, he does the following to complete a left side PLF.
Note. The right side PLF is similar to the left side PLF, except the points of contact on the right side
of the body are used.
With the MC-6, the parachutist lowers his chin firmly to his chest, tenses his neck, and considers the
following:
If the parachutist is in the no brake, on-forth brake, or one-half brake position, he brings his
hands up in front of his head and elbows in front of his chest, and continues to grasp the toggles.
If the parachutist is in the 3/4 brake, full brake, or reverse flight position, he crosses his wrists
by rotating his forearms into the center of his body and holds his elbows into his sides while
continuing to grasp the toggles.
He then bends and twists his torso sharply to the right. This movement forces the body into an
arc. The twisting motion of the hips pushes both knees to the left as the fall continues, exposing
With the T-11, the parachutist lowers his chin firmly to his chest, tenses his neck, and considers the
following:
The parachutist holds the risers in front of his face and presses his elbows against his body.
He then bends and twists his torso sharply to the right. This movement forces the body into an
arc. The twisting motion of the hips pushes both knees to the left as the fall continues, exposing
As the PLF is completed in the direction of drift, the parachutist maintains tension in his neck to
prevent his head from striking the ground and considers the following:
The momentum caused by drift brings his feet around to the right and into the line of drift.
He activates a canopy release assembly to keep from being dragged after completing the PLF.
The parachutist will activate the second canopy release assembly to keep from being dragged if
the parachute fails to collapse.
FRONT PLF
3-110. The two types of front PLFs are right front PLF and left front PLF. They are used as described below:
The right front PLF is used if the direction of (wind) drift is slightly to the right.
The left front fall is used if the direction of drift is slightly to the left.
If the direction of drift is directly to the front, the parachutist selects either PLF.
For a left front PLF, he rotates from the waist down 45 degrees to his right, exposing his second and
third points of contact to the line of drift. Upon contact, he continues to rotate his body to the right,
exposing the second through the fifth points of contact (calf, thigh, buttock, side).
He rotates to the left when executing the right front PLF.
REAR PLF
3-111. The two variations of the rear PLF are right rear PLF and left rear PLF. The parachutist determines
which PLF to make by checking the direction of drift. If the drift is directly to the rear, he selects the
appropriate PLF. The parachutist determines which rear PLF to make by checking the direction of drift, and
takes the following actions:
For a left rear PLF, he rotates from the waist down 45 degrees to his left, exposing the second and
third points of contact to the line of drift.
Upon contact, he continues to rotate his body and bend his upper torso in the opposite direction,
exposing the second through the fifth points of contact (calf, thigh, buttock, side).
When executing the right rear PLF, he rotates to the right.
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LAND
3-112. Never attempt to make a stand-up landing. Remain on the ground and activate both canopy release
assemblies using either the hand-to-shoulder method or the hand assist method. The hand assist method is the
most preferred, and consists of the parachutist taking the following actions:
With the thumb and index finger of one hand, pulls out and down on the safety clip.
Forms a fist with the thumb exposed and then insert your thumb into the cable loop.
Turns the head in the opposite direction.
Then assisting with the other hand, pulls out and down on the cable loop, simultaneously sounding
off with riser.
Repeats this process with the opposite canopy release assembly.
Activates one canopy release assembly on the MC-6 and both canopy release assemblies on the T-11.
3-113. Once one or both canopy release assemblies have been activated, the jumper places his weapon into
operation and removes the parachute harness.
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Chapter 4
Training Apparatuses
The techniques and apparatuses described in this chapter are used in basic airborne
training. They allow the student to demonstrate proficiency in the tasks necessary to
complete the course.
SECTION I PARACHUTE LANDING FALL DEVICES

4-1. This section provides instructor critiques for PLFs and discusses three types of PLF training devices: the
2-foot high platform, the lateral drift apparatus (LDA), and the swing landing trainer (SLT). The 2-foot high
platform may be portable or permanently fixed. A soft landing area of pea gravel or like material is used with
all of the training apparatuses. These devices are used to teach front, side (right and left), and rear PLFs. They
are high enough to simulate the shock the student will feel when contacting the ground during a parachute jump.
Initial instruction for each PLF is given without the apparatus. Once students know the techniques, they
progress to the 2-foot high platform, the LDA, and the swing landing trainer. The swing landing trainer provides
a means for gaining forward momentum and simulating the lateral movement experienced during a parachute
landing.
INSTRUCTOR CRITIQUES
4-2. Table 4-1 lists common PLF errors, their causes, and ways to correct them. Instructor PLF critiques
should be brief and clear, and should emphasize the following points to students (See Figure 4-1.):
When the balls of the feet make contact with the ground, several actions occur at the same time: the
jumper places his chin on his chest, he tenses his neck muscles, he brings his elbows high in front of
his face, and he exposes the second (calf) and third (thigh) points of contact by shifting and bending
his knees, maintaining pressure with his opposite knee.
The parachutist rotates his upper body (from the waist up) around toward the opposite direction of
drift. His body should be contorted in an arc, and the four remaining points of contact should be
exposed at this time.
He lays the points of contact down on the ground in sequence and completes the fall by bringing his
feet up and around his opposite shoulder, completing the fall on his back.
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Figure 4-1. Parachute landing fall sequence
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Table 4-1. Common parachute landing fall errors

Error
Cause
Correction
Feet apart
Anticipation of landing.
Keep moderate muscle tension

in the legs. Keep feet and knees
together.
Drawing the legs up

under the buttocks
Anticipation of landing. Relaxing

the knees. Exaggeration of the
bend in the knees. Pulling feet up
upon landing.
Keep moderate muscle tension

in legs. Maintain a proper
prepare-to-land attitude,
naturally exposing the balls of
the feet to the ground.
Missing the second

(calf) and third (thigh)
points of contact
Feet and knees apart.

Straightening the legs. Failure to
shift the knees.
Bend the knees slightly. Keep

feet and knees together. Shift
and bend the knees throughout
the fall.
Knees into the ground
Hesitation upon landing. Pushing

knees forward toward ground.
Excessive bend in knees.
Turning the feet toward the
direction of drift.
Do not hesitate upon landing.

Shift knees to the side. Keep
moderate muscle tension in
legs. Maintain the proper
prepare-to-land attitude.
Elbows hit the ground
Leaning forward toward ground.

Failure to rotate upper body away
from ground. Breaking fall with
elbows.
Rotate upper body away from

the ground with elbows up and
in front of face.
Head strikes the ground
Relaxing the neck. Arching the

back during the prepare-to-land
attitude. Rotating the upper body
into the ground. Missing the
points of contact.
Keep chin on chest. Tense neck

muscle throughout the PLF.
Assume proper prepare-to-land
attitude. Rotate upper body
away from the ground.
2-FOOT HIGH PLATFORM

4-3. Each platform is divided into dismount points. One instructor controls each point where the following
occurs:
On the command, READY, the student rocks up on the balls of his feet keeping his feet and knees
together and his knees slightly bent, naturally exposing the balls of his feet to the ground. His arms
are skyward, simulating the grasping and spreading of the risers for the T-10/T-11 series parachute,
or, for the MC-1/MC-6 series, his palms are facing forward at eye level with his elbows out to the
side and back.
On the command, SLIP (TURN for MC-1/MC-6 series), the student assumes a landing attitude by
simulating the grasping of a set of risers opposite the direction of drift and pulling down into his
chest with his head and eyes on the horizon, back straight, elbows tight into his side, and feet and
knees together. If executing front or rear parachute landing falls, the student rotates his lower body
(from the waist down) 45 degrees to expose the second and third points of contact.
On the command, LAND, the student jumps straight off the platform, executes the PLF, and makes a
quick recovery.
The instructor critiques each PLF immediately, emphasizing the significance of the five points of
contact.
LATERAL DRIFT APPARATUS

4-4. A platoon is distributed among several apparatuses. Each apparatus requires a parachutist, a ropeman, and
a safety officer. The safety officer is positioned on the top step of the platform to catch the trolley when it is
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Chapter 4
returned by the ropeman, who is located to the left side at the base of the platform. (See Figure 4-2.) The
parachutist mounts the platform, grasps the bar with his palms facing toward his face, and assumes a good
landing attitude. On the command, CLEAR THE PLATFORM, the parachutist maintains a grasp on the trolley
with both hands, picks up his feet, and drifts off the platform. On the command, LAND, the parachutist releases
the bar and executes the PLF.
Figure 4-2. Lateral drift apparatus
SWING LANDING TRAINER

4-5. The swing landing trainer apparatus is suspended above a 12-foot high platform from which students,
wearing a parachute harness, descend to practice PLFs. (See Figure 4-3.) The apparatus provides a downward
motion and oscillation similar to that experienced during a parachute jump. The suspension is placed so that the
student swings when stepping off the platform. Using a control line, the instructor controls the rate of descent.
Students receive practical work in two fundamental training objectives: assuming the correct landing attitude
(T-10/T-11 series or MC-1/MC-6 series) and executing front, side, and rear PLFs.
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Figure 4-3. Swing landing trainer
PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

4-6. Personnel required to train on the SLT apparatus include one instructor for every two dismount points in
use and four detail personnel for each unit. (See Figure 4-4.)
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Figure 4-4. Personnel positioning for the swing landing trainer
TRAINING
4-7. The swing landing trainer provides practical exercise in the various PLFs and may be used to practice the
last two points of performance. Students must
Secure a harness and reserve parachute, and put on both using the buddy system.
Note. The instructor inspects students before they mount the steps.
Move to and mount the stairs at an assigned point. One student covers down on each open point. If a
point is not open, the students wait on the stairs. Students stand on alternate stair steps while waiting.
Not change sections or switch sides of the apparatus unless directed to by an instructor.
Await commands from instructors (hook up students and detail personnel).
DETAIL PERSONNEL DUTIES

4-8. The following detail personnel are needed for training with the SLT:
Stationary ropeman. The stationary ropeman stands by the stationary rope and
Pulls up the stationary rope with risers hooked to it.
Unhooks the risers from the rope and places the rope on the platform.
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Passes one set of risers to the holdman.

Removes any twists in the risers and attaches the butterfly snaps of the risers to one of the
jumpers D-rings.
Grasps the horizontal backstrap of the parachutist to prevent him from clearing the platform
before being told to do so.
Grasps the platform handhold with his free hand.
Releases the parachutist on the command, CLEAR THE PLATFORM.

Holdman. The holdman on the platform stands beside the rail padding, allowing space for the
parachutist between himself and the stationary ropeman. He
Receives one set of risers from the stationary ropeman and removes any twists.
Attaches the butterfly snaps of the risers to one of the jumpers D-rings.
Grasps the horizontal backstrap of the parachutist to prevent the parachutist from clearing the
platform before being told to do so. The holdman grasps the platform handhold with his free
hand.
Releases the parachutist on the command, CLEAR THE PLATFORM, (from the instructor).
Unhookman. The unhookman stands in the pit at parade rest near the outside pole at each point. The
unhookman
Commands the ropeman, TAKE UP THE SLACK, ROPEMAN.
Unhooks the parachutists risers after each PLF once the jumper is standing.
Hooks the risers to the stationary rope and returns to his assigned position.
Ropeman. The ropeman stands beneath the platform and
On the command, TAKE UP THE SLACK, ROPEMAN, (from the unhookman), grasps the
rope in both hands and moves toward the instructor while taking up the slack.
Gives the rope to the instructor and sounds off, ROPE, SERGEANT; then returns to his
assigned position.
INSTRUCTOR DUTIES
4-9. When ready to drop a student, the instructor takes the rope from the ropeman and tells the parachutist the
direction of drift and type of parachute (T-10/T-11 series, or MC-1/MC-6 series) and ensures that the stationary
rope is on the platform before commanding, CLEAR THE PLATFORM. Then, the following occurs:
The platform detail personnel release the parachutist.
The jumper executes a half chin up on the risers, clears the platform, and assumes the correct landing
attitude.
The instructor lowers the jumper to the ground.
At the completion of the PLF, the parachutist activates one canopy release assembly, makes a quick
recovery, and reports to the instructor for a critique and grade.
The parachutist sounds off CLEAR or NOT CLEAR at the completion of the critique and moves
directly out of the pit.
The detail personnel perform their duties in sequence to prepare another jumper for the exercise.
IMPROVED SWING LANDING TRAINER

4-10. The improved swing landing trainer (ISLT) is a mechanical device consisting of a latching mechanism
with activating arm, a flexible rope, cable, and chain section with colored shackles for jumper height
adjustment, and a counterweight shock absorber to reduce jolt and provide for a realistic rate of descent. The
ISLT is mechanical apparatus easily operated by an instructor with a simple pull of a control lanyard. This
device can be used to replace the rope and pulley type swing landing trainer system. The ISLT apparatus is
suspended above a 12-foot high platform from which students, wearing parachute harnesses, descend to practice
PLFs. The apparatus provides a downward motion and oscillation similar to that experienced during a parachute
jump. The suspension is placed so that the student swings when stepping off the platform.
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4-11. Personnel required to train on the ISLT apparatus include one instructor for every two dismount points in
use and four detail personnel for each unit.
TRAINING
4-12. The improved swing landing trainer provides practical exercise in the various PLFs and may be used to
practice the last two points of performance. Students must
Secure a harness and reserve parachute and put on both using the buddy system.
Note. The instructor inspects students before they mount the steps.
Move to and mount the stairs at an assigned point. One student covers each open point. If a point is not
open, the students wait on the stairs. Students stand on alternate stair steps while waiting.
Jump from two even or odd points in a section. They do not change sections or switch sides of the
apparatus unless directed to by an instructor.
DETAIL PERSONNEL DUTIES

4-13. The following detail personnel are needed for training with the ISLT:
Stationary ropeman. The stationary ropeman stands by the stationary rope and
Pulls up the stationary rope with risers hooked to it.
Unhooks the risers from the rope and places the rope on the platform.
Passes one set of risers to the holdman.
Removes any twists in the risers and attach the butterfly snaps of the risers to one of the
jumpers D-rings.
Call down the correct height adjustment color to the hookup man.
Grasps the horizontal backstrap of the parachutist to prevent him from clearing the platform
before being told to do so.
Grasps the platform handhold with his free hand.
Releases the parachutist on the command, CLEAR THE PLATFORM (from the instructor).
Holdman. The holdman on the platform stands beside the rail padding, allowing space for the
parachutist between himself and the stationary ropeman. He
Receives one set of risers from the stationary ropeman and removes any twists.
Attaches the butterfly snaps of the risers to one of the jumpers D-rings.
Grasps the horizontal backstrap of the parachutist to prevent the parachutist from clearing the
platform before being told to do so. The holdman grasps the platform handhold with his free
hand.
Releases the parachutist on the command, CLEAR THE PLATFORM, (from the instructor).
Unhookman. The unhookman stands in the pit at parade rest near the outside pole at each point. The
unhookman
Unhooks the parachutists risers after each PLF once the jumper is standing.
Hooks the risers to the stationary rope and returns to his assigned position.
NOTE. The ISLT has colored height adjustment shackles: red shackle is for all jumpers above 6 feet;
the white shackle is for all jumpers 5 feet and 6 inches to 6 feet tall; and the blue shackle is for all
jumpers under 5 feet and 6 inches tall.
4-8
Hookup man. The hookup man stands beneath the platform and
Once the parachutist is hooked up to the risers, receives height adjustment color from the
stationary ropeman, grasps the correct colored shackle and hook it into the latch opening gate.
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Holds the chain in his hand and tugs up to ensure the shackle is secure in the latch, at the same
time pushing down on the activating lever to ensure it is locked in the down position. He will
secure the rope just below the chain, lean back, and sound off with, SAFE SERGEANT The
hookup man continues to this position until told to RELEASE by the instructor.
Returns to his assigned position.
INSTRUCTOR DUTIES
4-14. When ready to drop a student, the instructor ensures the jumper is hooked up properly, informs the
hookup man to RELEASE, and takes the control lanyard from the ground. The instructor tells the parachutist
the direction of drift and type of parachute (T-10/T-11 series, or MC-1/MC-6 series) and ensures that the
stationary rope is on the platform before commanding, CLEAR THE PLATFORM. Then, the following occurs:
The platform detail personnel release the parachutist.
The jumper executes a half chin up on the risers, clears the platform, and assumes the correct landing
attitude.
The instructor releases the jumper to the ground.
At the completion of the PLF, the parachutist activates one or both canopy release assemblies, makes
a quick recovery, and reports to the instructor for a critique and grade.
The parachutist sounds off CLEAR or NOT CLEAR at the completion of the critique and moves
directly out of the pit.
The detail personnel perform their duties in sequence to prepare another jumper for the exercise.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
4-15. The following precautions are taken to ensure the students safety:
The landing area must be constructed of at least 12 inches of pea gravel or like material.
The pea gravel must be loosened by raking before each period of instruction.
The ropes on the apparatus must be checked daily for wear.
The spreader bars and risers must be checked daily for wear.
The harnesses and canopy release assemblies must be checked for completeness and serviceability.
The student must not be dropped from more than 4-1/2 feet above the ground.
The student must not be dropped on the initial oscillation or when unprepared for the PLF.
The student must be dropped at a point in oscillation that aids in executing the desired PLF.
The student will not conduct more than 20 falls from the SLT or ISLT on any one day.
Any student with a prior head injury will have the letter H on his helmet to allow close instructor
monitoring.
SECTION II MOCK DOOR

4-16. The mock door replicates the cargo-troop compartment of a troop carrier aircraft. This apparatus includes
openings about the size of the aircraft door and anchor line cables for each door. (See Figure 4-5.) For training
purposes, the instruction is divided into a basic phase and an advanced phase. The basic phase teaches basic
jump techniques and familiarizes students with equipment, aircraft terms, and safety procedures. The advanced
phase provides instruction in the sequence of jump commands and the mass exit technique.
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Figure 4-5. Mock door apparatus
BASIC PHASE
4-17. Students are taught the terms and nomenclature of military parachuting and the use of aircraft equipment
during the basic phase. Teaching objectives include the shuffle position, static line control, the STAND BY
position, the exit and body positions, and the 4000 count with T-10/MC-1/MC-6 or the 6000 count with T-11
parachute.

4-18. One instructor is required for each mock door in use. One section of static line (about four feet long and
not attached to the parachute assembly) is required for each student. Loudspeakers will be needed if the class or
facilities are large.
TRAINING
4-19. The initial instruction in the mock door apparatus includes a lecture and demonstration followed by
practical exercises. Each student is given the commands STAND BY and GO. The student is critiqued and
corrected by the instructor on the movement to the door, his exit, his body position, and the 4000 count with
T-10/MC-1/MC-6 or the 6000 count with the T-11 parachute.
4-20. Repetition is the key to mock door training; however, its value is decreased if allowed to become boring.
A correct and automatic reaction by each student is the goal.
HIT IT Exercise
4-21. The HIT IT exercise is given as a test of mental alertness and for practical work in assuming the proper
body position. On the command, HIT IT, the student
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Snaps into the proper body position, and at the same time, commences the 4000 count with T10/MC-1/MC-6 or the 6000 count with the T-11 parachute.
Remains in the body position until commanded to RECOVER, or until he is told to CHECK
CANOPY and GAIN CANOPY CONTROL. The student simulates checking the canopy. Then he is
told to RECOVER or that there is a MALFUNCTION. In the latter case, the student returns to a
modified body position and simulates activation of the reserve. The command, RECOVER is given.
Receives instruction on the right and left jump doors of the mockup.
TERMS
4-22. The following terms are important in mock door training. Each term is explained during the initial phase
of instruction.
Left and Right Door

4-23. When the parachutist is facing the pilots compartment, the door on his right is the right door; the door to
his left is the left door.
Inboard and Outboard Anchor Line Cable

4-24. A cable is normally extended along the long axis of the cargo/troop compartment and secured at both
ends. The cable is designed to accommodate the static line snap hook and to initiate parachute deployment.
Stick of Parachutists
4-25. This is a group of jumpers exiting from the same door (or from one side of a ramp) during one pass over
the DZ.
Drop Zone
4-26. This is a designated area where personnel or equipment are delivered by means of parachute or free drop.
The ground unit commander (GUC) designates the DZ location.
Shuffle Position
4-27. This is a method of moving toward the jump door, used to avoid losing balance or tripping. (See Figure 46.) The shuffle position method consists of the following:
The guide hand is extended down and out to maintain balance; the other hand grasps the static line.
When jumping the left door, the parachutist has the static line over the left shoulder; when jumping
the right door, he has the static line over the right shoulder.
Facing the rear of the aircraft, the jumper keeps both feet directly beneath the body and staggered
with the outboard foot forward; this is the shuffle foot. The inboard foot is the trail foot.
The parachutist moves by stepping forward 6 to 8 inches with his shuffle foot and then his trail foot.
Both feet are staggered in the same heel and toe position.
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Figure 4-6. Shuffle position
Bight
4-28. The parachutist forms a bight of about 6 inches in the static line by making one fold and grasping the
loop at eye level about 6 inches to the front with 4 inches inside the hand and 2 inches below the hand. (See
Figure 4-7.) The remainder of the static line is routed over the shoulder. The free hand is used to steady the
jumper while moving toward the door.
Figure 4-7. Static line bight
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Jump Commands
4-29. The last two jump commands, STAND BY and GO, are used for each student when practicing exits as
follows:
On the command, STAND BY, the parachutists shuffle toward the jump door.
When the first jumper is perpendicular to the jump door, he takes one more shuffle step and halts his
movement about two feet from the center of the jump platform. He keeps his feet spread and legs
slightly flexed so that his weight is equally distributed over both feet to maintain balance.
He makes eye to eye contact with the safety and hands the static line to the safety.
He executes a left or right turn to face the open jump door, ensures his arm is not entangled with the
static line, holds his elbows firmly into his sides, and places the palms of his hands (fingers naturally
spread) on the ends of the reserve parachute.
At the command, STAND BY, the No. 2 jumper will position himself about even with the leading
edge of the jump door, two feet from the skin of the aircraft and facing to the rear. He will be in the
shuffle position with his feet spread and legs slightly flexed so that his weight is equally distributed
over both feet to maintain balance.
Follow-on jumpers close up behind the preceding jumper and keep the shuffle position with the feet
spread and legs slightly flexed so that their weight is equally distributed over both feet to maintain
balance.
At the command, GO, the No. 1 jumper walks toward the door and onto the jump platform, focusing
on the horizon. He pushes off with either foot and vigorously jumps up 6 inches and out 36 inches
away from the jump platform, immediately snapping into a good tight body position.
4-30. After the No. 1 jumper has exited the aircraft, the No. 2 jumper (and all following jumpers) performs the
following actions:
Shuffles toward the jump door, ensuring he is about 2 feet from the skin of the aircraft.
As he begins to shuffle, he assumes an elbow locked position with the arm that is controlling his
static line. He places his static line control hand so that it is nearly touching the back of the pack tray
of the jumper in front of him, which establishes the proper interval between jumpers. He does not
place his static line control hand in a position so that it extends past the pack tray of the parachutist in
front of him.
When he is about perpendicular to the jump door, he takes one more shuffle step, makes eye to eye
contact with the safety, and hands the static line to the safety.
Ensures his arm is not entangled with the static line, and he holds his elbows firmly into his sides.
Places the palms of his hands (fingers naturally spread) on the ends of the reserve parachute.
Executes a left or right turn to face the open jump door.
Walks toward the door and onto the jump platform, focusing on the horizon. He pushes off with
either foot and vigorously jumps up and out away from the jump platform, immediately snapping
into a good tight body position.
Body Position
4-31. The student remains in the body position, is critiqued by the instructor, and is told to RECOVER and
wait for further instruction.
ADVANCED PHASE
4-32. The training provided during the advanced phase is presented in the same manner as in the basic phase
except that the entire sequence of time warnings and jump commands is given, and mass exits are substituted
for individual exits.
PERSONNEL
4-33. Extra instructors may be needed to ensure that all students in the mock door apparatus react properly to
each of the jump commands.
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EXECUTION
4-34. When the mass exit technique is taught, each stick receives the commands, STAND BY and GO. Each
succeeding student shuffles to the door and exits the aircraft. A one-second interval must be maintained
between students.
SECTION III SUSPENDED HARNESS

4-35. The suspended parachute harness apparatus is a modified troop parachute harness suspended from a
spreader bar assembly by four web risers. (See Figure 4-8) The spreader bars react to riser (T-10 series or T-11)
or toggle (MC-1 series or MC-6) manipulation much the same as the canopy. The suspended harness simulates
the third and fourth points of performance: canopy control and prepare to land.
Figure 4-8. Suspended harness
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OBJECTIVES
4-36. The suspended harness apparatus is designed to teach the student to execute the following maneuvers:
T-10 series or T-11 slips (two riser and one riser).
MC-1 series or MC-6 turning, holding, running, and crabbing.
T-10/T-11 series or MC-1/MC-6 series landing attitude.
T-10/T-11 series or MC-1/MC-6 series emergency landings (tree, water, and wire).
React to twists, collisions, and entanglements.

4-37. The following personnel and equipment are needed to conduct training on the suspended harness:
One instructor is needed to give commands, and at least one assistant instructor is needed at each
platform to control and supervise student performance. One troop harness is required for every two
students. A modified MC-1 series or MC-6 riser assembly is used, which facilitates training on a
simulated T-10 series, MC-1 series, T-11 or MC-6 parachute.
A platoon is divided into teams of two students each. The No. 1 jumper is the parachutist and No. 2
jumper is the coach. They take the following actions:
The parachutist obtains a troop parachute harness and moves to a specific point at the suspended
harness apparatus.
The coach mounts the platform and adjusts the risers so that the male fitting of the canopy
release assembly is level with the parachutists shoulders below. The coach dismounts the
platform and helps the jumper don the harness and attach it to the risers. The coach remounts the
platform and takes up all the slack in the parachutists risers.
All parachutists face the instructor and await commands from the instructor.
SEQUENCE OF COMMANDS
4-38. The instructor uses the following sequence of commands. (The let up position is the starting position for
all training on the suspended harness.)
LET UP
4-39. On this command, each parachutist
Has his head erect and his eyes on the horizon.
Grasps all four risers (T-10 series) with his hands and locks his elbows.
Grasps the front set of risers (T-11 series) with his hands and locks his elbows
Grasps the steering toggles (MC-1 series or MC-6) with his hands (palms outward, eye level, elbows
back) and applies moderate tension (enough to take out any slack in the control lines).
Has his back straight.
Has his feet and knees together. (The parachutist is standing flat footed on the ground.)
AT EASE IN THE HARNESS

4-40. On this command, each jumper comes to a modified position of parade rest in the harness. From the let up
position, the instructor directs the parachutist to practice appropriate parachute maneuvers.
CHANGE OVER
4-41. The No. 2 jumper switches places with No. 1 jumper and becomes the parachutist and No. 1 becomes the
coach. Instructors may give additional commands and instruction to ensure proper fitting, wearing, or removal
of equipment and proper student performance on the apparatus.
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SECTION IV 34-FOOT TOWER

4-42. The 34-foot tower supports a replica of a section of a troop carrier aircraft. (See Figure 4-9.) A jump door
is on each side of the replica. Four steel cables are suspended parallel to the ground and slightly above each
door. A trolley, which supports two trolley risers, is attached to each cable. Each trolley riser has a ring attached
to its free end. This ring is connected to a modified harness worn by students during training on the tower. The
tower is a primary training apparatus to help teach basic jump techniques and points of performance. For ease in
training, the instruction is divided into two phases: the basic training phase continues instruction presented on
the mock door apparatus. The advanced training phase continues instruction on the mass exit technique,
simulates parachute malfunctions, and familiarizes the students with jumping with combat equipment.
Figure 4-9. Tower, 34-foot
BASIC TRAINING OBJECTIVES

4-43. Students practice the exit technique, the proper body position, and the 4000 count with the T-10/MC-1/MC6 series or 6000 count with the T-11series. The tower also gives each student experience in overcoming his fear
of height and simulates the opening shock.
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TRAINING
4-44. The initial period of instruction on the tower apparatus includes an orientation and demonstration of the
apparatus, duties of instructor personnel (graders, JMs, harness checker), and duties of all detail personnel. Each
student is given the commands, STAND BY and GO, by the JM in the tower. The students exit, body position,
4000 count with the T-10/MC-1/MC-6 series or 6000 count with the T-11 series, and simulated canopy checks
are critiqued and graded by the grader on the ground.
SAFETY
4-45. To prevent safety problems, all personnel must be safety conscious. The following measures are taken to
prevent unsafe conditions:
Tower JMs must wear safety belts.
Students must have equipment adjusted properly, and instructors must check them to ensure a snug
fit, the absence of frays or tears, the serviceability of snaps, and a properly fitted helmet.
Qualified maintenance personnel must perform and record thorough inspections of the tower weekly.
Inspections must include trolley risers, cables, trolleys, and JM safety belts.
Risers will be removed and stored when not in use.
Parachute harnesses and risers will be locally manufactured by a qualified parachute rigger in
accordance with NATICK specifications. Risers will be replaced every 180 days from being placed
in service.
Students must lift their legs as they approach the mound at the end of the cable run to prevent injury.

4-46. The following personnel manage, operate, and carry out the 34-foot tower training as described below.
INSTRUCTORS
4-47. A minimum of seven instructors are required to operate this apparatus. Their positions are indicated in
Figure 4-10 and their duties are described below:
Two JMs hook up students in the tower and issue the last two jump commands.
One harness checker inspects all harnesses before students exit the tower.
Two graders on the ground critique and grade the students performance on the apparatus.
Two mock door instructors correct students on problem areas and give them additional practice.
DETAIL PERSONNEL
4-48. A minimum of 38 detail personnel (students) are required.
Mound Safety Officers/Noncommissioned Officers

4-49. A student stands at parade rest on top of the mound between and slightly to the rear of the moundmen
assigned to his side of the tower. He is responsible for the safety and conduct of the moundmen. He should be
the most senior officer or noncommissioned officer (NCO) on the mound on each side (two total).
Moundmen
4-50. Two students are assigned to each cable on the tower (16 total). They stand at parade rest on top of the
mound, facing the tower. After the parachutists reach the mound and come into contact with the stop cable, the
moundmen unhook the parachutist and then hook the rope to the trolley risers.
ROPEMEN
4-51. One student at each point along the beaded path returns the trolley risers (with rope attached) to the tower
after the parachutist is detached. The ropemen take commands from the ropeman safety and rope line
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Chapter 4
safety/relay. The ropemen for each two points rotate, and there are always two additional ropemen standing at
the base of the pole supporting the tower (12 total).
Riser Safeties
4-52. One student stands at parade rest off each side of the mound and outside of the path leading to the
graders booth (two total). He is responsible for attaching the butterfly snaps on the risers to the D-rings of the
harness.
Ropeman Safeties
4-53. One ropeman safety is located between points 2 and 3 and the other between points 6 and 7 on the beaded
path (two total). They are responsible for controlling the flow of the ropemen from the mound to the tower.
Rope Line Safeties/Relays

4-54. One student (officer or NCO) for each side of the tower (two total) stands at parade rest near the base of
the pole supporting the cables facing the rope line. He relays the commands of the JM to the ropemen and
ensures students do not pass under the safety ropes and anchor cables.
Base Safety Officers or Noncommissioned Officers

4-55. One student (officer or NCO) for each side of the tower (two total) stands inside the base of the tower
next to the stairs. He places the risers over the proper shoulder for the door (right or left) from which each
parachutist will jump.
EQUIPMENT
4-56. The equipment includes one troop parachute harness assembly (with four risers) and a training reserve
parachute for each student.
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Figure 4-10. Tower personnel positions
ADVANCED TRAINING OBJECTIVES

4-57. These objectives have the student practice exits using the mass exit technique with and without combat
equipment. If exiting with combat equipment, he must also practice lowering the equipment. The student must
practice simulating activation of the reserve parachute. He must do this instantly when told a malfunction has
occurred.
TRAINING
4-58. The initial period of instruction during this phase includes a lecture and demonstration on the mass exit
technique.
COMMON STUDENT ERRORS

4-59. The following errors are often made by students:
Failing to maintain a one-second interval between jumpers.
Performing an improper body position (caused by rushing).
Performing an improper exit.
Falling out of the door.
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Chapter 4
Failing to count.
SAFETY
4-60. Safety considerations for the advanced phase are the same as in the basic phase.
PERSONNEL
4-61. Personnel requirements are reduced slightly from the basic phase to a minimum of 29: 16 moundmen,
eight ropemen, two mound safety officers, two rope line safety officers, and one harness checker.
EQUIPMENT
4-62. Combat equipment is required for the students. (Actual packed combat equipment containers, or combat
equipment containers which approximate packed loads, can be used to train students in the techniques of exiting
with this type of load.)
SECTION V METHODS OF RECOVERY

4-63. During methods of recovery training, the jumper learns the steps he must take to consolidate with his unit
as a member of the fighting force. Once the jumper lands on the drop zone, he must quickly recover, correctly
stow his air items, and quickly proceed to the unit assembly area.
TRAINING OBJECTIVES
4-64. This phase of training teaches the student to properly activate the canopy release assemblies on the
parachute harnesses. He learns to perform the buddy assist method of recovery and to react properly when using
the various recovery training apparatuses. He is also taught how to recover the parachute and individual
equipment from the DZ and to rapidly clear the DZ.

4-65. Personnel required are one instructor, one assistant for every two dismount points, and four detail
personnel for each dismount point. Sufficient harnesses and combat gear properly rigged to accommodate each
student are also needed.
T-10, T-11, MC-1, AND MC-6 PARACHUTES

4-66. The hand-towed drag pad training apparatus is used to teach students how to activate the canopy release
assemblies. The hand-towed drag pad is made of three pieces of webbing with a loop on each end. Attached to
the webbing are two risers with the male fitting of the canopy release assemblies attached to the opposite ends.
(See Figure 4-11.) Students train in three-man teams as follows:
The No. 1 jumper is the parachutist and wears the drag pad.
The No. 2 and 3 jumpers pull the drag pad.
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Figure 4-11. Hand-towed drag pad
The No. 1 jumper puts on the harness and passes the risers to No. 2 and 3 jumpers who then attach
the risers to the canopy release assemblies, and No. 1 lies on his back.
On the command, PREPARE TO DRAG, No. 1 jumper places his chin on his chest, raises his feet 6
inches off the ground, and places his hands on the canopy release assemblies.
On the command, DRAG, No. 2 and 3 jumpers drag No. 1 across the ground.
On the command, RELEASE, No. 1 reaches down and activates the canopy release assemblies using
the prescribed method.
The three students immediately return to the starting line.
Then Nos. 2 and 3 hook up the parachutist to the drag pad again.
At the command, CHANGE OVER, the No. 2 jumper becomes the parachutist (No. 1), the No. 3
jumper becomes No. 2, and the No. 1 jumper becomes No. 3. Students rotate numbered positions
until each student becomes proficient in the procedures.
CANOPY RELEASE ASSEMBLIES

4-67. Before the canopy release assemblies can be activated, the safety clip must be pulled down to expose the
cable loop. There are two ways to activate the canopy release assembly. One is the hand-to-shoulder method
and the other is the hand-assist method.
CANOPY RELEASE ASSEMBLY ACTIVATION

4-68. The instructor tells the student to pull the safety clip out and away from the body. The cable loop does not
require a great deal of strength to activate, and, if the parachutist is injured, the cable loop can be easily
activated by the thumb or fingers of either hand. (See Figure 4-12.)
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Chapter 4
Figure 4-12. Canopy release assembly
4-22
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Chapter 5
Jump Command Sequence and Actions

The JM gives a sequence of nine jump commands to ensure positive control of
parachutists inside the aircraft and immediately before exiting. Every command requires
specific actions by each jumper. When commands are executed properly, they ensure a
safe exit from the aircraft.
The commands are given orally but, to compensate for engine noise, the JM also uses
arm and hand signals. The signals must be smooth, coordinated, and precise. The
commands listed, with variations explained in Chapters 17, 18, and 19, are employed on
high-performance jump aircraft. (JMs ensure that the correct sequence is used for each
particular aircraft.) The correct commands are explained and demonstrated to parachutists
during Sustained Airborne Training. If the aircraft is configured with only one anchor line
cable, the JMs hook up to the one cable.
SECTION I FIRST FIVE JUMP COMMANDS

5-1. This sections explains the first five jump commands in detail. It is critical for each jumper to know the
commands and their actions completely.
GET READY
5-2. GET READY is the first jump command.
COMMAND
5-3. This jump command alerts the parachutists seated in the aircraft and directs their complete attention to the
JM. The JM starts the command with his arms at his sides. With his hands, fingers, and thumbs extended and
joined, the JM then raises his hands to shoulder level, palms facing the jumpers. Beginning from shoulder level,
with his fingers and thumbs extended and joined, and palms facing toward the parachutists, he extends both
arms forward until his elbows lock, with his palms facing the parachutists. (See Figure 5-1.) He gives the oral
command, GET READY, then returns to the start position and drops his hands by his sides.
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Chapter 5
Figure 5-1. GET READY
STATIC LINE
5-4. The static line is over the parachutists appropriate shoulder and fastened to the top carrying handle of the
reserve parachute. Parachutists do not remove the static line snap hook from the reserve parachute after the JM
inspection or anytime before the command, HOOK UP.
JUMPER ACTIONS
5-5. Each jumper signifies alertness by leaning forward and placing both hands on his knees. Each parachutist
positions his foot that is nearest the jump door under the seat and places his foot that is nearest the pilots
compartment in the aisle.
OUTBOARD PERSONNEL, STAND UP

5-6. OUTBOARD PERSONNEL, STAND UP is the second jump command. For this command, the arm and
hand signal has two parts.
PART ONE
5-7. The JM begins with his index and middle fingers extended and joined and hands at should level. All his
remaining fingers and thumbs are curled to his palms as he gives the command, OUTBOARD PERSONNEL.
(See 1, Figure 5-2.) Keeping his hands in the same position, he then lowers his arms to his sides at a 45-degree
angle and locks his elbows. (See 2, Figure 5-2.)
PART TWO
5-8. The JM extends and joins his fingers and thumb of each hand and rotates his hands so his palms face
upward. (See 3, Figure 5-2.) Next, he gives the command, STAND UP, and raises his arms straight overhead,
keeping his elbows locked. (See 4, Figure 5-2.) At this command, parachutists sitting nearest the outboard side
of the aircraft stand up, raise and secure the seats, face the jump doors, and assume the shuffle position.
Note. The method of releasing the seats from the floor varies, depending on the model and year of
the aircraft. Before takeoff, these devices are inspected and the method of release is explained.
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Figure 5-2. OUTBOARD PERSONNEL, STAND UP
INBOARD PERSONNEL, STAND UP

5-9. INBOARD PERSONNEL, STAND UP is the third jump command. The arm and hand signal has two
parts. (The parachutists seated inboard react in the same manner as the outboard personnel described in the
previous paragraph).
PART ONE
5-10. The JM starts with his hands centered on his chest at shoulder level, index and middle fingers extended
and joined, remaining fingers and thumbs curled into his palms. (See 1, Figure 5-3.) As he gives the command,
INBOARD PERSONNEL, he extends his arms forward at a 45-degree angle toward the inboard seats and locks
his elbows. (See 2, Figure 5-3.)
PART TWO
5-11. The JM rotates his arms to his sides then down at a 45-degree angle. Next, he extends and joins the
fingers and thumb of each hand and rotates his hands so the palms face upward. (See 3, Figure 5-3.) The JM
gives the command, STAND UP, and raises his arms straight overhead, keeping his elbows locked. (See 4,
Figure 5-3.)
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5-3
Chapter 5
Figure 5-3. INBOARD PERSONNEL, STAND UP
HOOK UP
5-12. HOOK UP is the fourth jump command.
STATIC LINE
5-13. The static line is over the parachutists appropriate shoulder and fastened to the top carrying handle of the
reserve parachute. Parachutists do not remove the universal static line snap hook from the reserve parachute
after the JM inspection or anytime before the command, HOOK UP.
COMMAND
5-14. The JM begins with his arms either extended directly overhead with elbows locked or with his arms bent
and his hands at shoulder level. He forms a hook with the index finger of each hand. He forms fists with the
remaining fingers and thumb of each hand. (See Figure 5-4.) As he gives the oral command, he moves his arms
down and up or up and down in a pumping motion. He repeats this motion at least three times.
5-4
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Figure 5-4. HOOK UP
JUMPER ACTIONS
5-15. At this command, each parachutist detaches the static line snap hook from the top carrying handle of the
reserve parachute and hooks up to the appropriate anchor line cable, with the opening gate of the snap hook
toward the outboard side of the aircraft. Each parachutist must ensure that the snap hook seats properly. A bight
is formed in the universal static line and held at eye level. The bight is not released until the parachutist moves
into the door. Personnel jumping the left (right) door have the static line over the left (right) shoulder.
CHECK STATIC LINES

5-16. CHECK STATIC LINES is the fifth jump command.
COMMAND
5-17. This is a plural command since there are several static lines attached to the anchor line cable. It begins at
eye level, with the elbows bent and thumb and index finger of each hand forming an O. The JM extends and
joins his remaining fingers with the palms facing in. As he gives the oral command, he extends his arms to the
front until the elbows are nearly locked, then returns to the starting position. He repeats this motion at least
three times. (See Figure 5-5.)
JUMPER ACTIONS
5-18. Upon receiving this command, each parachutist checks his static line and the static line of the parachutist
to the front of him. Each parachutist checks visually and by feeling with his free hand. He does not release the
bight while checking the static lines. He verifies the following items:
Universal static line snap hook is properly attached to the anchor line cable.
Universal static line is free of cuts, frays, and burns.
Universal static line is not misrouted and is properly stowed on the pack tray.
All excess slack in the static line is taken up and stowed in the static line slack retainer.
Pack tray is intact.
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5-5
Chapter 5
5-19. Each parachutist gives the parachutist to the front a sharp tap on the rear of the helmet signifying that the
static line and pack tray have been checked and are safe for jumping.
Figure 5-5. CHECK STATIC LINES
SECTION II LAST FOUR JUMP COMMANDS
CHECK EQUIPMENT
5-20. CHECK EQUIPMENT is the sixth jump command.
COMMAND
5-21. The JM starts this arm and hand signal with his fingertips centered on his chest, palms facing his chest,
and his fingers and thumb of each hand extended and joined; or with his arms extended to the sides at shoulder
level, fingers and thumbs extended and joined, and his palms facing toward the parachutist. He gives the oral
command, extends his arms to his sides at shoulder level, and then returns them to his chest; or bends his arms
at the elbows, bringing his fingertips to the center of his chest, and then returns to the extended position. (See
Figure 5-6.) He repeats this motion at least three times.
5-6
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Figure 5-6. CHECK EQUIPMENT
JUMPER ACTIONS
5-22. At this command, each parachutist checks his equipment, starting at the helmet, and ensures there are no
sharp edges on the rim of the ballistic helmet and that the chin strap and parachutist retention straps of the
ballistic helmet are properly routed and secured. When inspecting the ACH, the jumper insures there are no
sharp edges, and the chin strap and nape pad are properly routed and secured. The parachutist then physically
seats the activating lever of the chest strap ejector snap and the leg strap ejector snaps. If jumping with combat
equipment, the parachutist also ensures the ejector snap of the hook-pile tape (HPT) lowering line is properly
attached and seated. The parachutist completes these actions with his free hand while maintaining a firm grip on
the static line bight with his other hand.
Note. When the JM sees all movement has ceased, he gives a thumbs up to the other JM, and then he
checks his own equipment.
SOUND OFF FOR EQUIPMENT CHECK

5-23. This is the seventh jump command.
COMMAND
5-24. The JM cups his hands and places his thumbs behind his ears.
5-25. He gives the oral command, SOUND OFF FOR EQUIPMENT CHECK. (See Figure 5-7.).
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5-7
Chapter 5
Figure 5-7. SOUND OFF FOR EQUIPMENT CHECK
JUMPER ACTIONS
5-26. At this command, the last parachutist in the outboard stick sounds off, OK, and gives the parachutist in
front of him a sharp tap on the thigh. The signal is continued until it gets to the No. 1 jumper, who notifies the
JM by pointing to the JM and saying, ALL OK, JUMPMASTER.
5-27. For a C-130 aircraft, this signal is passed to the No. 25 jumper (just forward of the wheel well), who
forms a circle with his index finger and thumb of his free hand, turns toward the center of the aircraft, and gives
the okay signal to No. 24 (the last parachutist of the inboard stick). The tap and indication that all previous
jumpers are okay is passed up to No. 4, the first parachutist of the inboard stick, who signals No. 3, the first
parachutist to the rear of the wheel well. The signal is continued until it gets to the No. 1jumper, who notifies
the JM by pointing to the JM and saying, ALL OK, JUMPMASTER.
5-28. A parachutist who has an equipment problem notifies the JM, assistant jumpmaster (AJM), or safety
personnel by raising his nonstatic line hand high above the anchor line cable, palm facing the JM. The jumpers
do not pass this signal. The JM, AJM, or safety either correct the deficiency or remove the parachutist from the
stick.
Note. After the JM receives ALL OK, JUMPMASTER, he regains control of his static line from the
safety and takes the No. 1 parachutist position.
STAND BY
5-29. STAND BY is the eighth jump command. (See Figure 5-8.) This command is given about 10 seconds
before the aircraft reaches the release point and only after the aircraft has cleared all obstacles near the DZ.
COMMAND
5-30. Starting at the shoulders with his elbows bent, the JM extends and joins his index and middle fingers,
curling his remaining fingers and thumb of each hand toward his palm. He extends his arms down to his sides at
a 45-degree angle by locking his elbows.
5-8
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Figure 5-8. STAND BY
JUMPER ACTIONS
5-31. At this command, No. 1 jumper shuffles toward the door, establishes eye-to-eye contact with the safety,
hands the safety his static line, holds his elbows firmly into his sides with his palms on the end of the reserve,
turns and centers himself in the open jump door, and awaits the command, GO. All following parachutists
maintain the static line bight and close up behind the preceding parachutist. (See Figure 5-9.)
Figure 5-9. Jumper execution upon receiving the command, STAND BY
GO
5-32. GO is the ninth jump command. When the green light comes on, it is time to issue the ninth jump
command, GO.
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5-9
Chapter 5
COMMAND
5-33. The JM gives the verbal command, GO, and taps the first parachutist out. The command, GO, and a sharp
tap on the thigh is the signal to exit.
JUMPER ACTIONS
5-34. At the command, GO, the first parachutist exits the aircraft. All subsequent jumpers begin moving toward
the door using a shuffle. Once the jumpers begin to shuffle, they assume an elbow locked position with the arm
that is controlling their static line. The jumpers place their static line control hand so that it is nearly touching
the back of the pack tray of the jumper in front of them. This establishes the proper jump interval. Jumpers do
not place their static line control hand in a position so that it extends past the pack tray of the jumper in front of
them.
5-35. As each parachutist approaches the door, he establishes eye to eye contact with the safety and hands his
static line to the safety. Once the safety has control of the jumpers static line, the jumper returns his hand to the
end of the reserve parachute with his fingers spread.
5-36. After handing his static line to the safety (vicinity of the lead edge of the door), the jumper executes a left
or right turn (as appropriate). He faces the door and centers himself in the doorway and exits the jump door by
jumping up 6 inches and out 36 inches. He snaps into a good tight body position forming an L shape.
Note. The commands, STAND BY and GO, are introduced and taught during the initial training
periods on the mock door and the 34-foot tower.
5-10
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Chapter 6
Main Parachute Malfunctions and Reserve Parachute Use

The techniques and procedures described in this chapter are used throughout jumpers
airborne careers. They allow the jumper to demonstrate proficiency in the tasks necessary
to react appropriately to a parachute malfunction.
SECTION I RESERVE PARACHUTE USE METHODS

6-1. A malfunction is any failure in the deployment or inflation of a parachute, or canopy damage that can
create a faulty, irregular, or abnormal condition that increases the jumpers rate of descent. The two classes of
main parachute malfunction (total and partial) demand the jumpers immediate attention. Thorough training that
prepares jumpers to respond without hesitation in the event of a malfunction is essential. Jumpers must be
trained to identify parachute malfunctions and to respond instantaneously. Practical exercises involving
activation of the reserve parachute are incorporated into all phases of training. Each type of malfunction is
demonstrated so jumpers can see exactly how each type of malfunction looks.
PULL DROP METHOD (MIRPS, SLCP, T-10, AND T-11 RESERVE)

6-2. When a total malfunction occurs, or the parachute provides no lift, the jumper must activate his reserve
parachute using the pull drop method. Also, if the jumper feels no opening shock at the end of the 4000 count
with the T-10/MC-1/MC-6 or the 6000 count with the T-11 parachute, he should immediately activate his
reserve using the pull drop method. When jumping with the MIRPS, SLCP, or T-10 reserve, the jumper
Keeps a tight body position.
Keeps his feet and knees together.
Grasps the left carrying handle of the reserve parachute with his left hand.
Turns his head left or right.
Pulls the rip cord grip with his right hand and drops it to the ground.
Ensures neither hand is in front of the reserve parachute as it deploys.
Remains in a good tight body position while still grasping the left carrying handle, if the MIRPS does
not activate immediately. With the right hand forming a knife cutting edge, he sweeps the top panel
of the reserve up and away, ensuring that the right hand does not interfere with the spring-loaded
deployment assistance device. Sweeping up and away on the rip cord protector flap is not needed
with the SLCP.
6-3. When jumping with the T-11 reserve, the jumper
Keeps a tight body position.
Keeps his feet and knees together.
Grasps the rip cord handle with either hand.
Throws his head back and to the rear.
Pulls the rip cord handle and drops it to the ground; his reserve parachute will activate.
Ensures neither hand is in front of the reserve parachute as it deploys.
6-4. When descending with only the reserve parachute inflated, the parachutist controls directional movement
by slipping. When utilizing the MIRPS, SLCP, or T-10 reserve, the proper landing attitude is obtained by
reaching up and grasping as many suspension lines in the opposite direction of drift as possible and slipping (as
in the prepare to land attitude with the T-10 series parachute). When utilizing the T-11 reserve, the proper
landing attitude is obtained by reaching up and grasping a set of risers in the opposite direction of drift and
slipping (as in the prepare to land attitude with the T-11 parachute). Upon landing, the parachutist makes a
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Chapter 6
quick recovery and collapses the canopy. In strong winds, if a quick recovery is impossible, the parachutist
grasps one suspension line from either suspension line group and pulls the suspension line toward himself until
the canopy collapses.
DOWN AND AWAY METHOD (T-10 RESERVE ONLY)

6-5. To activate the reserve parachute using the down and away method, the jumper
Returns to a tight modified body position with his feet and knees together.
Places his left hand on the middle of the reserve (over the rip cord protector flap). He exerts pressure
on the reserve and grasps the rip cord grip with his right hand.
Note. Strong pressure must be maintained with the left hand to prevent the pilot chute and reserve
canopy from springing out.
Pulls the rip cord grip and drops it.

With his right hand forming a knife edge, palm facing out, he reaches between the pack assembly
and canopy and grabs as much canopy and reserve parachute suspension lines as possible.
Throws the reserve parachute down and to the right (or left) side at about a 45-degree angle. (If the
jumper is spinning, the canopy is thrown in the direction of the spin.) (If the reserve does not inflate,
the jumper must retrieve the canopy and continue to throw it down and away until it inflates.)
Uses his thumbs to clear all remaining suspension lines from the pack tray.
Note. When the reserve parachute has activated, the jumper may have two inflated canopies. When
descending with two inflated canopies, he has no directional control over the parachutes; all other
jumpers remain clear.
SECTION II TOTAL MALFUNCTION

6-6. A total malfunction is the failure of the parachute to open or to deploy.
CAUSES OF A TOTAL MALFUNCTION

6-7. The failure of the parachute to deploy can be caused by a severed static line, a broken snap hook, or a
broken anchor line cable. The jumpers failure to hook up also results in the failure of the parachute to deploy.
Malfunctions of these types are rare.
STREAMER
6-8. Although not defined as a total malfunction, a deployed parachute with a cigarette roll or streamer
provides little or no lift for the jumper. This malfunction must be treated as a total malfunction. This
malfunction occurs when a portion of the skirt blows between two suspension lines and begins to roll with the
opposite fabric. The heat generated by the friction of the fabric being rolled causes the nylon to fuse and blocks
the air channel in the canopy. The parachutist immediately activates his reserve using the pull drop method.
6-2
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Main Parachute Malfunctions

and Reserve Parachute Use
WARNING
The towed jumper must remain in a tight body position and protect
the rip cord grip with his right hand. With the T-11 reserve, the jumper
must remain in a tight body position and protect the rip cord handle
with either hand. Accidental activation of the reserve while being
towed may be fatal.
TOWED JUMPER
6-9. Although not classed as a parachute malfunction, a parachutist can be towed behind the aircraft by a
misrouted static line or by a piece of equipment that has snagged the aircraft during the jumpers exit. During
the 4000 count with T-10/MC-1/MC-6 or the 6000 count with T-11 parachute, the jumper feels an excessive
opening shock and then feels himself being towed by the aircraft. The jumper remains in a tight body position,
protecting his rip cord grip or rip cord handle until he is either retrieved inside the aircraft or is cut free by the
loadmaster on the pilots order. If the jumper is being towed by the static line and is cut free, the main parachute
will not deploy, and the jumper will have to activate his reserve using the pull drop method. The jumpers
actions are as follows if he is being towed behind the aircraft.
Retrieval Of the Jumper Inside the Aircraft

6-10. The jumper remains in a tight body position until he is completely inside the aircraft. A towed jumper
must not use his hands to assist the retrieving personnel. The most important action of a towed jumper is to
protect his rip cord grip or rip cord handle.
Cutting Away of Jumper

6-11. Once the jumper is cut free of the aircraft, the main parachute may, or may not, deploy. If the jumper was
towed by something other than the static line, the main parachute will deploy and inflate. There is no need to
activate the reserve parachute. If the jumper was towed by the static line and is cut free, the jumper must
immediately deploy his reserve using the pull drop method.
SECTION III PARTIAL MALFUNCTION

6-12. The four types of partial malfunctions are complete inversion, semi inversion, blown section or gore,
broken suspension lines, and delayed opening.
COMPLETE INVERSION
6-13. This malfunction may occur when a portion of the skirt blows inward between a pair of suspension lines
on the opposite side of the parachute. This portion of the skirt forms a secondary lobe that fills with air and
enlarges at the expense of the rest of the canopy. The portion of the canopy forming the secondary lobe is
inverted. The canopy turns inside out with no decrease in its lifting surface.
6-14. It is difficult to detect if a complete inversion occurs during the initial deployment of the canopy. With a
T-10/T-11 series, the rear risers control the front of the canopy and the front risers control the rear of the
canopy. With a MC-1 series or MC-6 parachute, the orifice and control toggles are to the parachutists front and
maneuvering techniques are reversed.
6-15. The parachutist does not need to activate the reserve parachute unless the canopy was damaged during
inversion. The parachute will support the parachutist even if the parachute failed to function properly. The
inversion may increase the jumpers rate of descent. If the jumpers rate of descent is greater than that of other
jumpers, he deploys his reserve. If he is using the T-10 reserve and his rate of descent is only slightly greater
than other parachutists, he uses the down and away method; otherwise, he uses the pull drop method (the only
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method of activating the MIRPS/SLCP). If using the T-11 reserve, activate the reserve using the pull-drop
method.
SEMI-INVERSION
6-16. This malfunction may occur if development of the secondary lobe stops before completely inverting. This
malfunction may remain stable, become completely inverted, or revert to normal during descent. The total
lifting capability of the canopy is decreased by the formation of a secondary lobe. The fabric can be burned by
friction and weakened during descent. With this malfunction, the parachutist must deploy his reserve using the
pull-drop method. (If he is using the T-10 reserve, he uses the down and away method.) The T-10 series, MC-1
series, and MC-6 parachutes have anti-inversion nets that reduce the chance of this type of malfunction.
SLEEVE CORNER VENT ENTANGLEMENT

6-17. This malfunction may occur with the T-11 parachute when a delayed or slow opening of the parachute
canopy allows the 10-foot bridle line assembly and deployment sleeve to pass through one of the parachutes
corner vents. In a sleeve corner vent entanglement, the bridle line and sleeve become twisted through the corner
vent and may become entangled around several suspension lines just below the slider, preventing the slider
from reaching its full terminal position. In a sleeve corner vent entanglement, the canopy is partially inverted or
folded under. This will greatly reduce the lifting surface and greatly increase the rate of descent. If a sleeve
corner vent entanglement occurs, the jumper should immediately activate the reserve parachute utilizing the pull
drop method.
BLOWN SECTION OR GORE

6-18. This malfunction occurs when the strain placed on the canopy during inflation is great and a panel,
section, or gore is ripped or torn out, resulting in a hole(s) in the canopy. The parachutist compares his rate of
descent with that of other jumpers. If the jumper is falling faster than other jumpers around him, he must deploy
the reserve parachute using the pull-drop method. (If he is using the T-10 reserve, he uses the down and away
method.) Large holes in the canopy should be treated like a blown section or gore.
BROKEN SUSPENSION LINES

6-19. This malfunction occurs when enough suspension lines break causing the jumpers rate of descent to be
greater than fellow jumpers; he must deploy the reserve parachute using the pull-drop method. (If he is using
the T-10 reserve, he uses the down and away method.)
DELAYED OPENING
6-20. This malfunction occurs when the canopy fails to deploy and fully inflate by the end of the jumpers first
point of performance. This type of malfunction provides limited or zero lift capability to the jumper and fails to
sufficiently slow the jumper to a normal rate of descent. This type of malfunction is caused when the parachute
elongates and an obstruction prevents air from entering the parachute air channel and inflating the parachute
canopy. Possible causes of this malfunction include air starvation, hung slider, and debris restricting full canopy
opening. The jumper must deploy the reserve parachute using the pull-drop method. (If he is using the T-10
reserve, he uses the down and away method.)
BROKEN CONTROL LINES

6-21. This malfunction occurs when one or more broken control lines during the parachute's inflation phase.
The canopy can no longer be controlled by opening and closing the extended gore(s) and the parachutist must
use alternate means to control the canopy. This is accomplished by the jumper reverting to the one and two riser
slip technique.
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PART TWO
Advanced Techniques
This part discusses key personnel, jumpmaster, and safety actions, and the departure
airfield control officer.
Chapter 7
Key Personnel
This chapter discusses JM and safety actions in the unit area, in the departure airfield, and
in flight. The initial training and follow on refresher training of key personnel are of
major concern to commanders. Proper training and supervision ensures that these key
personnel follow the correct procedures and operational safety measures during airborne
operations.
SECTION I COMMANDERS RESPONSIBILITIES

7-1.
The airborne commander designates the key personnel for each airborne operation. These key
personnel are the primary jumpmaster (PJM), AJMs, safety personnel, departure airfield control officer
(DACO), drop zone support team leader (DZSTL), drop zone safety officer (DZSO), and malfunction officer
(MO). The JM, DACO, DZSTL, or DZSO can delegate their authority to subordinates, but they cannot delegate
their responsibilities.
PJM/AJM, and safety personnel. Each aircraft has a designated PJM, AJM, and safety personnel.
The airborne commander gives the designated PJM command authority over, and responsibility for,
all personnel onboard a jump aircraft. PJM, AJM, and safety personnel duties are described in
Chapters 8, 9, and 10.
DACO. The DACO is located at the departure airfield and has coordination responsibility with the
ground liaison officer (GLO) and tanker airlift control element (TALCE)/aircrew for the loading of
personnel, equipment, and supplies into the aircraft. Also, the DACO provides the JM with changes
to station time and the overall operational plan, current DZ weather, airfield crossing procedures, and
the aircraft parking plan. Complete DACO duties are discussed in Chapter 11.
DZSO or DZSTL. Each DZ has a DZSO or DZSTL. The DZSO or DZSTL has command authority
over the actions and safety of all personnel on the drop zone. The DZSO and DZSTL procedures for
DZ operations are described in Chapters 20, 21, and 22.
Malfunction officer. As a member of the DZST, the MO is located on the DZ where he can best
view the airdrop. It is the responsibility of the MO to promptly and accurately investigate
malfunctions in accordance with Army Regulation (AR) 59-4/OPNAVINST 4630.24D/AFJ 13210(1)/MCO 13480.1D. He may enlist as many personnel as needed to watch for malfunctions and
assist during the investigation process. AR 59-4/OPNAVINST 4630.24D/AFJ 13-210(1)/MCO
13480.1D will be in possession of the malfunctions officer during jump operations. It describes in
detail the duties and responsibilities of the MO during any investigation resulting in the partial/total
malfunction of personnel airdrops. The MO will investigate all malfunctions in accordance with
appendix B of AR 59-4/OPNAVINST 4630.24D/AFJ 13-210(1)/MCO 13480.1D.
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SECTION II KEY PERSONNEL PREREQUISITES

7-2. The following minimum standards must be met before personnel will be allowed to perform PJM, AJM,
safety, DACO, DZSO, DZSTL, or MO duties for personnel and heavy equipment airdrop operations. Table 7-1
shows the duties that qualified JMs, DZSOs, and DZSTLs and current personnel may perform, the airdrop
method they may use, and the type of airdrop mission they may fly.
PRIMARY/ASSISTANT JUMPMASTERS AND SAFETY PERSONNEL

7-3. Individuals who are appointed as PJMs, AJMs, or safety personnel, must have the prerequisites described
below.
PRIMARY JUMPMASTER
7-4. The following qualifications apply to JMs who are commissioned officers, warrant officers, or NCOs
(U.S. Army and U.S. Navy: E5s or above; U.S. Marine Corps [USMC] and U.S. Air Force: E4s or above).
Jumpmaster Qualified
7-5. To be JM qualified, the JM must be a graduate from an authorized JM course. (Refer to Appendix B for
plan of instruction [POI] requirements.) Authorized JM courses can be found at Fort Benning, Ga. With a
mobile training team (MTT); at Fort Bragg, N.C. with a MTT; or at a special operations forces JM course.
(JMs qualified through Special Operations Forces (SOF) JM courses must have JM refresher training prior to
assuming JM duties outside of SOF units.)
Jumpmaster Current
7-6. To be JM current, the JM must have either performed JM or AJM duties within the preceding 180 days;
or, if a senior or master rated parachutist, performed duty as a safety on military, high-performance fixed-wing
aircraft utilizing door or ramp exit within the preceding 180 days; or completed a JM refresher course (Refer to
Appendix C.) in the preceding 180 days and be a current jumper. (Jumpmaster or safety duties performed on
rotary-wing aircraft and nonstandard aircraft do not apply toward JM currency.)
Note. JMs must perform duties every 180 days to maintain currency on T-11 or MC-6 parachutes.
Maintaining currency on a T-10 parachute does not constitute currency for T-11 or MC-6 parachutes.
Note. For Navy and Marine Corps only, if fixed-wing high-performance aircraft are not available, the
JM, AJM, and safety may meet currency requirements using organic rotary-wing or nonstandard
aircraft.
Prior Experience
7-7. The PJM must have performed the duties of an AJM twice and performed the duties of a safety twice.
U.S. Air Force (USAF) personnel must complete the job qualification requirements for their Air Force specialty
code (AFSC).
PRIMARY JUMPMASTER (ROTARY-WING AIRCRAFT/NONSTANDARD AIRCRAFT)

7-8. To perform the duties of the PJM on a rotary-wing aircraft/nonstandard aircraft, the JM must first meet
the performance duty requirements of the PJM on a fixed-wing. A qualifying JM must observe a current JM in
the performance of his duties for a rotary-wing/nonstandard aircraft operation (prejump training, mock door
training, aircraft inspection, rigging procedures, and the actual airdrop operation). The qualifying JM must then
be observed during the performance of his duties by a current rotary-wing aircraft qualified PJM before he will
be allowed to perform the above listed duties unsupervised.
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Key Personnel
ASSISTANT JUMPMASTER
7-9. The assistant jumpmaster will perform the following:
Individuals must be a commissioned officer, warrant officer, or NCO (U.S. Army and U.S. Navy:
E5s or above; U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Air Force: E4s or above). The individual must be JM
qualified and current.
Individuals must have performed the duties of a safety twice.
SAFETY PERSONNEL
7-10. Individuals must meet the following prerequisites to be appointed as a safety :
Be a commissioned officer, warrant officer, or NCO (U.S. Army and U.S. Navy: E5s or above; U.S.
Marine Corps; and U.S. Air Force: E4s or above).
Be a current and qualified JM.
DEPARTURE AIRFIELD CONTROL OFFICER

7-11. Individuals must meet the following prerequisites to be appointed as a DACO:
Marine Corps and U.S. Air Force: E4s or above).
Be a current and qualified JM.
Have performed the duties as an assistant DACO at least once.
DROP ZONE SAFETY OFFICER

7-12. Individuals must meet the following prerequisites to be appointed as a DZSO:
Be a current and qualified JM or (combat crew trainer /special tactics squadron) CCT/STS certified.
For Navy and Marine Corps operations, the DZSO will be an E-5 or above, or DOD civilian
equivalent. Be parachutist qualified and current in the operation being conducted (S/L or free fall).
Completed a DZSO course of instruction using Naval Special Warfare/Explosive Ordnance Disposal
(EOD) Lesson Training Guide DZSO administered by a current JM. Be designated in writing by the
CO as a DZSO. To be DZSO current, the DZSO must have performed the duties of a DZSO within
the preceding 180 days, if non-current receive refresher training from a current JM/DZSO and run a
Drop Zone while under instruction. For GRMS or verbally initiated release system (VIRS) drops, the
DZSO must be a qualified JM in the type of jump being conducted.
Have performed the duties of the ADZSO once. He must have performed the duties of assistant
DZSO in support of an airborne operation involving personnel or heavy equipment at least once.
Note. For combination airdrop operations, the DZSO/DZSTL must follow the procedures for heavy
drop operations, but observe the jumpers as they exit the aircraft.
ASSISTANT DROP ZONE SAFETY OFFICER

7-13. Individuals must meet the following prerequisites to be appointed as a ADZSO:
Marine Corps and U.S. Air Force: E4s or above)
Be a current and qualified JM for personnel or heavy equipment drop.
Be certified as a ADZSO by having attended one of the following:
U.S. Army Infantry School (USAIS) Jumpmaster Course (for computed air release point
(CARP) DZs only).
82d Airborne Division Advanced Airborne School JM Course (for CARP DZs only).
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U.S Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) Jumpmaster Course.

To be ADZSO current, the ADZSO must have performed the duties of a DZSO or assistant DZSO
within the preceding 180 days, graduated Jumpmaster school with in the last 180 days or completed a
Jumpmaster refresher course within the preceding 180 days.
Note. For combination airdrop operations, the DZSO/ADZSO must follow the procedures for heavy
drop operations, but observe the jumpers as they exit the aircraft.
DROP ZONE SUPPORT TEAM LEADER

7-14. Individuals must meet the following prerequisites to be appointed as a DZSTL:
Be a current and qualified JM for personnel or heavy equipment.
Be certified as a DZSTL by having attended one of the following:
USAIS Pathfinder Course.
USAIS Jumpmaster Course (for CARP DZs only).
USAIS DZSTL MTT.
82d Airborne Division Advanced Airborne School DZSTL Course.
82d Airborne Division Advanced Airborne School JM Course (for CARP DZs
only).
USASOC Jumpmaster Course.

Have observed and assisted a current and qualified DZSTL performing his duties during an airdrop
operation involving personnel or heavy equipment.
To be DZSTL current, the DZSTL must have performed the duties of a DZSTL or assistant DZSTL
within the preceding 180 days or completed a DZSTL refresher course taught by a current DZSTL
personnel within the preceding 180 days.
Note. DZSTLs/ADZSOs in support of container delivery system (CDS) airdrops are not required to
be airborne qualified, on jump status, or JM qualified and current, but they must have attended an
authorized pathfinder or DZST course. For combination airdrop operations the DZSO/DZSTL must
follow the procedures for heavy drop operations, but observe the jumpers as they exit the aircraft.
MALFUNCTION OFFICER
7-15. Individuals must meet the following prerequisites to be appointed as a MO:
Marine Corps and U.S. Air Force: E4s or above)
The individual must be a qualified parachute rigger from the unit providing the air items used during
the operation (in accordance with AR 59-4/OPNAVINST 4630.24D/AFJ 13-210[I]/MCO 13480.1D).
For the USMC only, the malfunction officer does not have to be from the organization providing the
air items.
For Navy, malfunctions officers will meet qualification, training, currency, and equipment familiarity
requirements in accordance with AR 59-4/OPNAVINST 4630.24D/AFJ 13-210[I]/MCO 13480.1D.
The malfunction officer does not have to be from the organization providing the air items but must
be maintenance or operationally qualified on all equipment used during the operation.
For USAF only, DZC/DCSO will fill the duties as the MO and be designated in writing as an MO.
He will have a thorough understanding of the parachute equipment used for the operation. USAF
combat control personnel are authorized to perform the duties of an MO during unilateral operations.
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Key Personnel
DUTIES PERFORMED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ADDITIONAL SKILL IDENTIFIERS

7-16. Drop zone duties and the personnel whom may perform them based on education are described below.
Jumpmaster School Only, Current

7-17. Individuals who have graduated from Jumpmaster School only and are current may perform the following
drop zone duties:
DZSO for CARP personnel, heavy equipment drops, CDS.
DZSTL for CARP personnel, heavy equipment drops, CDS.
ADZSO for CARP personnel, heavy equipment drops, CDS.
Pathfinder and Jumpmaster Schools, Current

7-18. Individuals who have graduated from Pathfinder School and Jumpmaster School and are current may
perform the following drop zone duties:
DZSO for CARP personnel, heavy equipment drops, CDS.
DZSTL for CARP personnel, heavy equipment drops, CDS.
DZSO for verbally initiated release system personnel, heavy equipment drops, CDS.
DZSO for ground marking release system (GMRS) personnel, heavy equipment drops, CDS.
ADZSO for CARP personnel, heavy equipment drops, CDS.
Jumpmaster School Only, Not Current

7-19. Individuals who have graduated from Jumpmaster School only and are not current
May perform drop zone duties after attending JM refresher training.
Can be a member of the DZSO party and be recertified by a current DZSO for CARP, heavy
equipment drops and CDS.
Pathfinder and Jumpmaster Schools, Not Current

7-20. Individuals who have graduated from Pathfinder School and Jumpmaster School and are not current
May perform drop zone duties after attending JM refresher training.
Can be a member of the DZSO party and be recertified by a current DZSO for CARP, heavy
equipment drops and CDS.
Can be a member of the DZSTL party and be recertified by a current DZSTL.
Can be a member of the VIRS DZSO party and be recertified by a current VIRS DZSO.
Can be a member of the GMRS DZSO party and be recertified by a current GMRS DZSO.
DUTIES PERFORMED IN AIRCRAFT BASED ON EDUCATION

7-21. Duties and the personnel whom may perform them based on education are described below.
JUMPMASTER SCHOOL, CURRENT

7-22. Individuals who have graduated from Jumpmaster School only and are current may perform the following
aircraft duties:
Exit the aircraft as a jumper.
DZSO/ADZSO CARP personnel drop, heavy drop and CDS.
PJM duties for CARP personnel drop.
AJM duties for CARP personnel drop.
Safety duties for CARP personnel drop.
PJM duties for VIRS personnel drop.
AJM duties for VIRS personnel drop.
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Safety duties for VIRS personnel drop.

PJM duties for GMRS.
AJM duties for GMRS personnel drop.
Safety duties for GMRS personnel drop.
PJM duties for wind streamer vector count (WSVC) personnel drop.
AJM duties for WSVC personnel drop.
Safety duties for WSVC personnel drop.
Navy and USMC only can perform jumpmaster spotted, jumpmaster released (JSJR).
JUMPMASTER SCHOOL, NOT CURRENT

7-23. Individuals who have graduated from Jumpmaster School only and are not current
Can exit the aircraft as a jumper.
May perform aircraft duties after attending JM refresher training.
Can be recertified as a safety/AJM by pulling safety/JM duties with a current JM/safety.
Must be certified by a current JM to perform duties as PJM/safety on VIRS and GRMS drops.
PATHFINDER AND JUMPMASTER SCHOOLS, NOT CURRENT

7-24. Individuals who have graduated from Pathfinder School and Jumpmaster School and are not current
Can exit the aircraft as a jumper.
May perform aircraft duties after attending JM refresher training.
Can be recertified as a safety/AJM by pulling safety/JM duties with a current JM/safety.
Must be certified by a current JM to perform duties as PJM/safety on VIRS and GRMS drops.
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Chapter 8
Jumpmaster and Safety

This chapter covers jumpmaster and safety procedures in the unit area, in the departure
airfield, and in flight.
SECTION I ESSENTIAL INFORMATION

A key factor in the JM duties is the mission briefing. H hour (time on target [TOT]) is established at this time and
the backward planning process begins.
Note. Jumpmaster duties begin immediately upon notification.
DESIGNATION NOTIFICATION (UNIT AREA)

8-1. Upon notification that he has been designated as PJM, the individual obtains or is provided the
information that is described below.
PLAN
8-2. Specific information is needed by the PJM. This information includes the following:
Mission and ground tactical plan.
Air movement plan to include time of flight, formations, route, direction of flight over drop zone,
drop altitude, location and design of code letters, racetracks, and emergency call signs/frequencies.
Names of AJM(s) and safety personnel, and time and place to brief them.
Transportation (movement to marshaling area, and departure airfield plan and times).
Tactical cross load plan.
Weather decision time(s).
Type of aircraft for the operation and special items of equipment being worn by jumpers, aerial
delivery system (AIRPAC), AT4 jump pack (AT4JP), Stinger missile jump pack (SMJP), or A-series
containers aboard aircraft (door bundles or wedge).
Aircraft tail numbers, chalk numbers, and parking spots.
Landing plan to include drop zones, drop times, delivery sequence, number/type of loads (PP, CDS
and free drop), and types of drops (CARP, GMRS, WSV, VIRS or JSJR).
Air item turn in plan.
Medical support plan.
TIME
8-3. Times and places concerning various aspects of the operation are important. These include the following:
Time and place of initial manifest call.
Time and place of final manifest call.
Time and place to conduct operations briefing.
Time and place to conduct prejump training.
Time and place to check and inspect parachutists uniforms and equipment.
Time and place of parachute issue, including types of parachutes.
Time and place of troop safety briefing.
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Load time. (Time agreed upon by jumping unit and air wing commanders.)
Time and place of aircrew/JM briefing.
Station time. (Critical time: all jumpers must be seated onboard of aircraft.)
Takeoff time.
Time on target.
Note. If it is decided during joint planning and preparation for airborne operations that host nation
aircraft are to be used without navigational equipment, a detailed brief for the pilot, loadmaster, and
JM must take place.
ASSISTANTS BRIEFING (UNIT AREA)

8-4. After he receives the initial operation briefing, the PJM returns to the unit and briefs his AJM and safety
personnel. The PJM assigns duties to them for the remainder of the operation. At this time, the PJM determines
who assumes responsibility for parachutists remaining onboard. The manifest of personnel scheduled to jump is
prepared. The PJM schedules a full rehearsal with the JM team before the PJM team assembles the chalk
(planeload). The rehearsal includes the following:
After the briefing, the PJM organizes the chalk in accordance with the cross-loading plan, and then
he conducts the initial manifest call. AJM(s) and safety personnel check the identification card and
tags of each parachutist.
Items for cross loading include door bundles and large, bulky equipment carried by individual
parachutists, such as special items of equipment. The PJM determines which chalk and informs
parachutists from which position and door they will jump.
The PJM, aided by his AJM(s) and safety personnel, inspects each parachutists equipment to ensure
proper rigging. Parachutists pack and rig their equipment and containers before airborne operations.
Note. The primary JM can delegate authority, but not responsibility.
JUMPMASTER/SAFETY KIT BAG (DEPARTURE AIRFIELD)

8-5. The PJM ensures aviator kit bags for use onboard the aircraft have been prepared to contain extra items
that may be needed during any phase of the airborne operation. These aviator kit bags are referred to as the
JM/safety kit bag and are used by the PJM, AJM, and safety personnel. Items to consider for use onboard the
aircraft (depending on the type of airborne operation) include the following:
Flashlight (night operations).
Masking tape/cloth.
Roll of quarter-inch cotton webbing.
Safety wires (with lanyards).
Harness single-point release (HSPR) complete.
Hook-pile tape lowering lines.
Modified HPT lowering line for special items
Modified foam impact pads, chin straps, pull-the-dot fasteners with tabs, modified headbands,
parachutist retention straps, ACH suspension pads, ACH-modified chin strap assembly.
Quick-release snaps.
Upper tie-down tapes for M1950 weapons cases.
Retainer bands.
Trash bags.
Earplugs and airsickness bags.
Two extra reserves and extra aviator kit bags (for static lines and deployment bags) (one bag for
every 15 deployment bags).
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Knife, which will be carried by the PJM, AJM, and safety personnel. (A knife should not be carried
on a point of contact.)
OPERATION BRIEFING (DEPARTURE AIRFIELD)

8-6. As soon as practical after the initial manifest call, the PJM briefs personnel on the details of the operation.
The briefing should include the following:
Drop zone.
Type of aircraft.
Chalk number(s).
Type of parachute(s).
Briefing on serial numbers, container delivery system, heavy drop, and type of aircraft, if a part of a
larger airborne operation.
Weather decision time (for GO, NO GO decision).
Type of individual equipment and separate equipment with which troops will be jumping (AIRPAC,
PDB, parachutist jump pack (PJP), all-purpose, lightweight, individual, carrying equipment (ALICE)
pack, SMJP, AT4JP, M1950 weapons case).
Time and place of parachute issue.
Load time.
Station time.
Takeoff time.
Length of flight.
Time on target.
Direction of flight over DZ.
Drop altitude.
Predicted winds on the DZ and direction.
Route checkpoints.
Drop zone assembly aids and area.
Parachute turn in point(s).
Time and place of final manifest call.
Medical support plan.
Obstacles on or near the DZ.
Note. If the unit jumps nonstandard equipment containers, the rigging on these containers must be
approved in accordance with individual service regulations. These rigging procedures must be
forwarded for testing to U.S. Army Airborne Special Operations Test Directorate (USAABNSOTD),
Fort Bragg, NC, and then for approval to Commander, 1st Battalion, 507th PIR, ATTN: Jumpmaster
School, Fort Benning, GA 31905.
SECTION II SUSTAINED AIRBORNE TRAINING (UNIT AREA)

8-7. Sustained Airborne Training (SAT) is conducted in the unit area or at the departure airfield. Sustained
Airborne Training should be scheduled and conducted within 48 hours before takeoff. All personnel require
Sustained Airborne Training. The PJM usually does not know the proficiency of all parachutists for which he is
responsible; therefore, basic airborne jump techniques are rehearsed so each parachutist can demonstrate his
ability to perform them. JMs, safeties, and key leaders will make on-the-spot corrections of any jumper not
properly performing the required training. (Refer to Appendix E for a sample Sustained Airborne Training
narrative.)
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MINIMUM TRAINING
8-8. Sustained Airborne Training will consist of, at a minimum, PLFs and mock door training, a review of the
five points of performance, towed jumpers, collisions and entanglements, malfunctions, activation of the
reserve, and emergency landings. Mock door training will include rehearsal of every detail involved with the
airborne operation to include static line control, accidental activation of the reserve on board the aircraft, red
light procedures, jump refusals and emergency on board the aircraft. Jumpers must make a minimum of two
exits from the mock door.
TRAINING APPARATUSES
8-9. Airborne personnel will use aircraft fuselage mock ups to rehearse preflight and in-flight action. (Aircraft
fuselage mock ups can be complete airframes or may be field expedient training devices as simple as rope
strung to simulate an anchor line cable and ballistic helmets on the ground to mark the jump door. The use of
field expedient training devices is not the preferred method for conducting Sustained Airborne Training.) Also,
actions in the aircraft training reminds parachutists of what occurs in flight before jumping. The PJM can use
the mock door apparatus to show parachutists where their relative positions will be in the aircraft. If in-flight
rigging is to be performed, the rigging station locations can be indicated also. The PJM reviews and leads a
rehearsal of all actions related to in-flight procedures so the jump mission will be smooth and safe.
EXECUTION
8-10. Each parachutist should be seen by the PJM and should be heard (a bullhorn should be used, if
necessary). Performance oriented training is conducted for emergency landings. The AJM and safety personnel
must make aggressive and positive on-the-spot corrections. Sustained Airborne Training must be taught
proficiently.
SUSTAINED AIRBORNE TRAINING (UNIT AREA) REQUIREMENTS

8-11. All personnel must attend Sustained Airborne Training. Jumpers must be positioned so their actions can
be viewed by the PJM and so they can hear him. A bullhorn can be used, if necessary. Sustained Airborne
Training is performance oriented and should be tailored to fit the mission. The AJM and safety personnel must
make aggressive and positive on-the-spot corrections. Sustained Airborne Training must be taught proficiently.
FIVE POINTS OF PERFORMANCE

8-12. Training on the five points of performance must be attended by all parachutists and JMs. The following
are the five points of performance.
8-13. The first point of performance is proper exit, check body position, and count. Parachutists must perform
the following actions:
Keep chin on chest.
Keep eyes open.
Keep elbows into sides.
Keep hands over the ends of the reserve parachute and fingers naturally spread.
Bend body forward at the waist.
Keep feet and knees together.
Lock knees to the rear.
Count to 4000 with T-10/MC-1/MC-6 parachute or 6000 with T-11 parachute (fixed-wing aircraft).
Count to 6000 with T-10/MC-1/MC-6 parachute or 8000 with T-11 parachute (helicopters).
Immediately activate the reserve parachute using the proper method if opening shock is not felt.
8-14. The second point of performance is check canopy and gain canopy control. Parachutists must perform the
following actions:
Reach up and grasp toggles (MC-1/MC-6 Series); or grasp risers in the elbow locked position
(T-10/T-11 Series).
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Make a 360-degree check of the canopy.

If the jumper has twists, he will compare his rate of descent with fellow jumpers; if he is falling
faster than fellow jumpers or cannot compare his rate of descent, he will activate his reserve
parachute using the pull drop method. If he is not falling faster than fellow jumpers, then he will
remove the twists.
To remove twists, if any, grasp a set of risers in each hand, thumbs down with knuckles to the rear,
and apply outward pressure while bicycling the legs in a vigorous motion.
When the last twist comes out, immediately recheck canopy and gain canopy control.
8-15. The third point of performance is keep a sharp lookout for all jumpers during descent. Remember the
three rules of the air:
Always look before a slip/turn.
Always slip/turn in the opposite direction to avoid collisions.
The lower jumper always has the right of way.
Avoid other parachutists all the way to the ground; maintain 25 feet of separation (T-10/T-11 series)
or 50 feet of separation (MC-1/MC-6 series ) between jumpers in the air.
At the end of the third point of performance, release all appropriate equipment tie-downs.
8-16. The fourth point of performance is prepare to land. When approximately 100 to 250 feet above the
ground the jumper will prepare to land by taking the following actions:
Looking below and around to ensure there are no fellow jumpers. At no higher than 200 feet with
T-10/MC-1/T-11, lower equipment. Immediately regain canopy control and continue to keep a sharp
lookout for other parachutists.
With the MC-6 parachute at 250 feet, turning into the wind PRIOR to lowering equipment, than you
will lower equipment. Immediately regain canopy control and continue to keep a sharp lookout for
other parachutists.
When 100 feet above ground level, slipping into the wind (T-10), or turn and hold into the wind
(MC-1).
When 200 feet above ground level, slipping into the wind (T-11), keep feet and knees together.
Keeping knees slightly bent.
Pointing balls of the feet toward the ground.
Keeping head and eyes toward the horizon. Before making contact with the ground, turn the lower
portion of the body (below the waist) to a 45-degree angle (front or rear PLF), exposing the portion
of the body that will make contact with the ground first.
8-17. The fifth point of performance is land. When the balls of the feet make contact with the ground the
following actions will take place:
Execute a proper PLF using the five points of contact:
Balls of the feet.
Calf muscle.
Thigh muscle.
Buttocks.
Pull-up muscle.
Make no stand up landings.
Remain on back and activate one canopy release assembly using either the hand assist or hand to
shoulder method.
Remain on back, place weapon into operation, and remove the parachute harness.
Remove air items from D-rings or equipment ring on parachute harness.
Elongate canopy into the wind, remove debris, pull canopy and suspension lines.
For T-10, MC-1 and MC-6 series, insert canopy into aviator kit bag with bridle loop on top. Insert
waistband through bridle loop.
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For T-11series, ensure that the drogue chute is placed on top of the main parachute prior to closing
aviator kit bag.
Snap aviator kit bag closed; do not zip.
Attach reserve parachute to the carrying handle of the aviators kit bag.
Conduct a 360-degree check of the area for any items on the ground.
Maintain noise and light discipline. Move rapidly to the nearest turn in point.
Recover and turn in equipment.
FIVE POINTS OF CONTACT

8-18. Training on the five points of contact includes a review of five points of contact. To execute a proper
PLF, a jumper must make contact with all five points of contact, and they are:
Balls of the feet
Calf muscle
Thigh muscle
Buttocks
Pull-up muscle
8-19. Parachute landing falls must be performed by all manifested jumpers. Each jumper must perform one
satisfactory PLF in each of the four directions:
Left side.
Right side.
Front.
Rear.
TOTAL MALFUNCTIONS (NO-LIFT CAPABILITY)

8-20. Parachutists must receive training on total malfunctions and control of the reserve parachute.
ACTIVATION OF RESERVE
8-21. There are specific actions each jumper must perform if a malfunctions occurs. When a total malfunction
occurs, the parachutist activates his reserve parachute as follows:
When using MIRPS SLCP, the jumper must
Remain in a tight body position.
Grasp the left carrying handle with the left hand.
Turn head to either side.
Pull the rip cord grip with the right hand and drop it.
Pull the rip cord grip with the left hand (in the event that the right hand cannot be used).
Ensure that the right hand does not interfere with the spring loaded deployment assistance
device.
When using MIRPS, the jumper must
Form a knife cutting edge with the right hand and sweep the rip cord protector flap up (if the
reserve does not deploy).
Ensure the right hand does not interfere with the spring loaded deployment assistance device.
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When using the T-10 reserve, the jumper must
When using the T-11 reserve, the jumper must
Grasp the rip cord handle with either hand.
Throw head back to the rear.
Pull out on the rip cord handle and drop it.
Ensure neither hand is in front of the reserve parachute as it deploys.
RESERVE PARACHUTE CONTROL

8-22. While descending under the T-10 reserve, control the canopy by slipping and assume the landing attitude
by reaching up and grasping as many suspension lines in the opposite direction of drift as possible and slipping
with both hands, as in the prepare to land attitude with the T-10 series parachute.
8-23. While descending under the T-11 reserve, control the canopy by slipping and assume the landing attitude
by reaching up and grasping a two riser slip in the opposite direction of drift as much as possible and slipping
with both hands, as in the prepare to land attitude with the T-11 parachute.
PARTIAL MALFUNCTIONS
8-24. Parachutists must receive training on partial malfunctions, which can be distinguished by certain
characteristics. The following are indicators of a partial malfunction:
Complete inversion.
Semi inversion.
Blown section or gore.
More than six broken suspension lines.
Holes.
Squids (lateral band wraps around parachute).
Cigarette role.
Sleeve-corner-vent entanglement.
ACTIVATION OF RESERVE
8-25. Should any of these partial malfunctions occur and cause the parachutists rate of descent to increase in
comparison to other parachutists, the parachutist activates his reserve parachute as follows:
8-26. When using a MIRPS SLCP for a partial malfunction, the jumper will
Snap back into a tight body position.
Pull the rip cord grip with the right hand and drops it.
Pull the rip cord grip with the left hand (in the event that the right hand cannot be used).
Ensure the right hand does not interfere with the spring loaded deployment assistance device.
8-27. When utilizing a MIRPS for a partial malfunction, the jumper will
Pull the rip cord grip with the right hand and drops it.
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Form a knife cutting edge with the right hand and sweeps the rip cord protector flap up (if the reserve
does not deploy).
Ensure the right hand does not interfere with the spring loaded deployment assistance device
8-28. When using a T-10 reserve for a partial malfunction, the jumper will
Place the left hand over the rip cord protector flap, fingers extended and spread. Apply pressure to
prevent canopy from deploying.
Form a knife cutting edge with the right hand to reach into the pack tray, at the same time releasing
pressure with the right hand, and grasp as much canopy as possible.
Keep feet and knees together.
Throw canopy down and away from the body in the same direction as the spin. (If spin is to the right,
throw right; if spin is to the left, throw left.) If the reserve does not inflate, jumper pull it back in and
throw it in the opposite direction.
Immediately free all suspension lines using the thumbs in a downward raking motion.
8-29. When utilizing a T-11 reserve for a partial malfunction, the jumper will
Grasp the rip cord handle with either hand.
Throw head back to the rear.
Pull out on the rip cord handle and drop it.
Ensure neither hand is in front of the reserve parachute as it deploys.
RESERVE INFLATES
8-30. When the reserve parachute inflates, and there are two inflated canopies, the parachutist has no
directional control over his parachute. All other parachutists slip or steer clear. To assume the proper landing
attitude, the parachutist reaches high on all four risers of the main parachute and maintains this attitude until
making ground contact. Immediately upon landing, he releases the main parachute (using the canopy release
assemblies) and collapses the reserve by using either the quick recovery method or by detaching the connector
snaps from the D-rings or equipment rings of the main lift web.
COLLISIONS
8-31. The parachutist must always attempt to slip or turn away. If unable to avoid a collision, he uses the
spread-eagle method to bounce off another canopy or suspension lines. If a parachutist enters another
parachutists suspension lines, the entering parachutist assumes the modified position of attention with the right
hand protecting (but not grasping) the rip cord grip, in hope that he will exit the same location without
becoming entangled. If not, the entering parachutist may use his left hand to assist in exiting the other jumpers
canopy and suspension lines the same way he entered.
ENTANGLEMENTS
8-32. If parachutists become entangled, their actions required to correct the problem depend upon the type of
parachute used. Reaction techniques are as follows:
T-10 PARACHUTE
8-33. The higher parachutist moves hand-under-hand down to the lower parachutist. They attempt to establish
eye-to-eye contact and hold onto each other by the left main lift web(s). They must not touch the other jumpers
canopy release assemblies. They decide which parachute landing fall to execute upon contact with the ground
and both parachutists execute the same PLF. If they are face-to-face, they will not execute a front PLF. If they
are back-to-back, they will not execute a rear PLF. If one parachutist has a completely inflated canopy, neither
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parachutist activates the reserve parachute. If both parachutes lose lift capabilities, parachutists use the pull drop
method to activate their reserve parachutes.
MC-1 PARACHUTE
8-34. Both parachutists immediately clear a path for the deployment assistance device (DAD) and activate their
reserve parachutes for a partial malfunction. Neither parachutist attempts to climb to the other parachutist. The
higher parachutist avoids the lower parachutist when landing.
T-11 PARACHUTE
8-35. The higher parachutist moves hand-under-hand down to the lower parachutist. They attempt to establish
eye-to-eye contact and hold onto each other by the left main lift web(s). They must not touch the other jumpers
canopy release assemblies. They decide which parachute landing fall to execute upon contact with the ground
and both parachutists execute the same PLF. If they are face-to-face, they will not execute a front PLF. If they
are back-to-back, they will not execute a rear PLF. If one parachutist has a completely inflated canopy, neither
parachutist activates the reserve parachute. If both canopies should collapse, both jumpers will immediately turn
away, in order to create a clear path and activate their reserve parachute using the pull drop method. A jumper
who finds himself on another jumpers canopy should double time off, avoiding the bridle line and sleeve, and
slip away. Remember to stay away from the vents located at all four corners of the canopy. If the jumper falls
through the vent or becomes entangled in the bridle line, he should stay there and be prepared to execute a
proper PLF.
MC-6 PARACHUTE
8-36. Both parachutists immediately clear a path and activate their reserve parachutes using the pull drop
method. Neither parachutist attempts to climb to the other parachutist. The higher parachutist avoids the lower
parachutist when landing.
EMERGENCY LANDINGS
8-37. Depending upon the type of emergency landing initiated, the parachutist performs specific actions.
TREE LANDING
8-38. Landing in trees can be dangerous and should be avoided. If landing in trees seems imminent, the
parachutist should perform the following:
Attempt to avoid the trees.
Retain combat equipment (if not already lowered). If lowered, check below, then jettison combat
equipment. (Advance combat helmet/ballistic helmet remains on the head.)
Maintain canopy control until making contact with trees.
Rotate forearms in front of his face and chest when making contact with trees.
Prepare to execute PLF if passing through trees.
Consider activating the reserve parachute and climbing down if hung up in trees.
If the jumper is hung up in the trees and cannot safely climb to the ground, he should stay there and
wait for assistance.
WARNING
Do not remove your outer tactical vest (OTV) if worn. Tree and wire
landings only.
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Chapter 8
HIGH-TENSION WIRE LANDING

8-39. High-tension wires are extremely dangerous and should be avoided. The parachutist does the following if
unable to avoid high tension lines when landing (See Figure 8-1):
If drifting towards wires, he immediately tries to slip or turn away.
If he cannot slip or turn away, he looks below to ensure there are no fellow jumpers below him and
jettisons his equipment, making a mental note of where it lands.
Ensures that he maintains his advanced combat helmet/ballistic helmet.
Assumes a landing attitude by keeping his feet and knees together, exaggerating the bend in his
knees, his eyes open, his chin on his chest, and his back arched.
Places the palms of his hands high on the inside of the front set of risers.
When he makes contact with the wires, he begins a hard rocking motion and attempts to pass through
the wires.
He prepares to do a PLF in the event he passes through the wires.
If the parachutist gets hung up in the wires, he does not attempt to lower himself to the ground.
The parachutist stays where he is and waits for assistance.

WARNING
Do not remove your outer tactical vest (OTV) if worn. Tree and wire
landings only.
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WATER LANDING WITHOUT LIFE PRESERVER

8-40. Sometimes, water landings are unavoidable. When landing in the water without a life preserver, the
parachutist should
Attempt to avoid the water (lake or river).
Check below and then if clear, jettison headgear.
Release all equipment tie-downs and lower equipment, but do not jettison it.
Activate quick release in the waistband.
Unsnap the left connector snap on the reserve parachute.
Rotate the reserve to the right side of the parachute harness.
Seat himself well into the saddle.
Activate the ejector snap on the chest snap or activate quick release in chest strap ensuring that the
chest strap is completely removed from chest strap friction adapter.
Grasp risers and continue to maintain control of canopy. Prior to making contact with the water,
assume a good prepare to land attitude and place hands on the ejector snaps on the leg straps.
Activate the ejector snaps on the leg straps, throws arms up, and arches out of the harness when
contact with the water is made.
Prepare to execute a PLF if the water is shallow.
Swim upstream, upwind, or away from the parachute to avoid becoming entangled with it.
WATER LANDING WITH LIFE PRESERVER

8-41. Sometimes, life preservers are provided for specific missions or training events. The following are
instances when life preservers may be provided and action that should be taken:
Emergency water landings could occur on a tactical training mission where the route to the DZ is over a
large body of water. On such flights, life preservers are issued to parachutists. If the aircraft malfunctions,
the parachutists may need to jump over the water.
Emergency water landings require parachutists to leave any combat equipment onboard the aircraft so they
do not become entangled with the equipment in the water.
A parachutist may find himself over water with attached combat equipment due to his drifting off a DZ
bordered by water, or during emergency bailout after being hooked up onboard the aircraft. If this occurs,
the jumper must lower his combat equipment but not jettison it.
Deliberate water landings are executed for training in selected water drop zones (WDZ)s. Parachutists may
wear combat equipment only after is has been waterproofed and float checked.
The parachutist wears the inflatable life preserver under his harness with the inflatable portions under his
armpits. Parachutists wearing a underwater demolition team (UDT) vest will route the chest strap under the
UDT vest to prevent crushing the chest if inflated.
During the third point of performance, the parachutist inflates the life preserver by discharging the attached
CO2 cartridges. If necessary, the life preserver can be inflated by blowing air into the inflation valve hose.
Upon entering the water, the parachutist activates both canopy release assemblies and swims upstream or
away from the canopy.
RESERVE ACTIVATION INSIDE AIRCRAFT

8-42. If the reserve parachute is activated inside an aircraft, the aircrew must follow certain procedures that are
described below.
FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT
8-43. If the parachutist is aft of the wheel well, the jump doors (or ramp) are open, and the reserve canopy is in
or going out the door (or ramp), the JM and safety personnel do not attempt to retain the parachutist inside the
aircraft. The following action should occur:
The area is cleared, if possible.
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Chapter 8
The parachutist exits immediately.
8-44. If the canopy is not in the door (or ramp), the deployed reserve canopy is secured as quickly as possible
by anyone nearby. The following actions should occur:
The parachutist is moved to the forward section of the aircraft.
The open reserve is removed.
Another reserve is attached.
The parachutist is returned to the stick to jump.
8-45. If the parachutist is forward of the wheel well, and the jump doors (or ramp) are open, the following
should occur:
The parachutist steps on or grasps the reserve canopy and traps it so it cannot inflate.
Safety personnel move the parachutist to the forward section of the aircraft.
Safety personnel remove the reserve and attach another.
The parachutist jumps on the next pass over the DZ.
8-46. If the jump doors (or ramp) are closed and a reserve parachute deploys, the following actions should
occur:
The JM or safety personnel move the parachutist to the forward section of the aircraft.
The deployed reserve is removed, and the loadmaster is told not to open the jump doors (or ramp).
Another reserve is attached, and the parachutist is returned to the stick to jump.
ROTARY-WING AIRCRAFT
8-47. If the reserve parachute is activated in an aircraft that requires the parachutist to sit in the door, no attempt
is made to stop the parachutist from exiting the aircraft. The parachutist immediately exits. In an aircraft that
requires parachutists to exit over the ramp, the procedures described for fixed-wing aircraft are followed.
TOWED PARACHUTIST PROCEDURES

8-48. In the event of a towed jumper on a rotary-wing aircraft, the JM will prevent any other jumpers from
exiting and will notify the pilot. The parachutist stays in a tight body position and protects the rip cord grip or
rip cord handle. The JM will ensure the jumper is securely attached to the aircraft and will not break free during
descent. If the jumper is not securely attached, the JM will attempt to shake or cut him free. If the jumper is
attached, the aircraft will slowly descend to the DZ and come to a hover, and the jumper will be freed from the
aircraft. The procedures for a towed parachutist from a fixed-wing aircraft are as follows:
If the parachutist is being towed by the static line, he is retrieved back inside the aircraft. Once he
nears the jump door, he does not reach for the JM but continues to protect the rip cord grip or rip
cord handle; the JM or safety reaches for him. If the jumper cannot be retrieved, he is cut free over
the drop zone. Once he feels himself fall free from the aircraft, he must immediately activate his
reserve parachute for a total malfunction.
If the parachutist is being towed by anything other than the static line, the JM or safety tries to jog
him free from the aircraft. If the parachutist cannot be freed, he is retrieved. If he is freed from the
aircraft, he does not need to activate his reserve since his main parachute will deploy.
Only the aircraft loadmaster and the JM (with assistance from the safety) will perform towed
parachutist retrieval.
RampIf a parachutist is towed following a ramp exit and is to be cut free, the loadmaster partly
retrieves the static lines to reach the towed parachutists static line in order to cut it. If the parachutist
is to be retrieved, the loadmaster uses the towed parachutist retrieval system (TPRS) or installs a
CGU1 B cargo strap (C-130) about 5 1/2 feet above the ramp. The static lines are retrieved over the
CGU1 B strap. As the parachutist is retrieved to the ramp area, the JM and safety personnel gain
physical control of him. The parachutist is pulled into the aircraft (under the strap) as the loadmaster
relieves tension from the static line retriever cable. The parachutist is moved all the way forward and
is seated; he does not jump again.
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WARNING
The towed jumper must remain in a tight body position and protect
the rip cord grip with his right hand. With the T-11 reserve, the jumper
must remain in a tight body position and protect the rip cord handle
with either hand. Accidental activation of the reserve while being
towed may be fatal.
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Chapter 9
Jumpmaster and Safety Duties at Departure Airfield

Time is a critical factor at the departure airfield. The PJM usually turns control of the
chalk (planeload) over to the AJM and safety personnel while he accomplishes update
briefings, aircraft inspection, and aircrew coordination. The AJM and safeties control
parachute issue and prepare for rigging/inspection of the chalk. All JM team personnel
must draw their own parachutes for wear during airdrop operations. The aircrew cannot
provide parachutes for the JM team. The following five events occur at the same time to
allow the unit to meet station time:
DACO/PJM update briefing.
PJM aircraft inspection and coordination with aircrew.
Control of parachute issue by AJM/safeties.
Rigging/inspection of parachutists.
Loading of aircraft.
SECTION I KEY PERSONNEL

9-1. The commander selects the appropriate key personnel to perform the PJM, AJM, safety, DACO, and
DZSO/DZSTL duties for a unit airdrop operation. Those selected key personnel must correctly perform their
assigned duties to ensure mission success and jumper safety. This responsibility may be delegated to qualified
personnel in accordance with individual service component regulations.
PRIMARY JUMPMASTER/ASSISTANT JUMPMASTER DUTIES

9-2. Primary jumpmaster and assistant jumpmaster duties are described below.
PRIMARY JUMPMASTER/DEPARTURE AIRFIELD CONTROL OFFICER BRIEFING

9-3. Upon arrival at the airfield, the PJM reports to the DACO for an update briefing to include
Change in the station time.
Change in the overall operation plan.
Current weather and winds.
Parking plan of aircraft (location and tail number of the assigned aircraft).
Coordination with the USAF guide if wheeled vehicles are used for transport to aircraft.
Action for incident on aircraft or drop zone, such as jump refusal, towed parachutist, or any
parachute malfunction.
MANIFEST DISTRIBUTION
9-4. Normally the manifest (DA Form 1306, Statement of Jump and Loading Manifest) is distributed as
follows:
Departure Airfield Control Officertwo copies (original plus one copy).
Primary Jumpmasterone copy.
Pilot or his representativeone copy.
Parachute issue facilityone copy.
Unit suspense fileone copy.
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Chapter 9
PRIMARY JUMPMASTER/AIRCREW INITIAL COORDINATION

9-5. After DACO coordination, the PJM should proceed to the aircraft for initial coordination. Normally, the
aircraft is open with a crewmember onboard one hour before station time. The first item to discuss is aircraft
configuration in accordance with the unit mission. If the aircraft is incorrectly configured, the requesting unit
has the option to accept or reject it. If the mission request asks for both doors to be open for a mass troop drop,
but one door is inoperative (in flight or on the ground), the requesting unit has the option to continue the
mission using one door or to abort the mission. For single door operations, one door may be used for personnel
airdrop. However, if the other paratroop door is open, it must be manned by a current JM. If only one door is
being used, it must be manned by a current JM and safety team. A single door aircraft operation must be
conducted in a military controlled air space environment. Other items to discuss include the following:
Control of the jump doors.
Drop altitude, speed, and heading.
Racetracks.
Towed parachutist procedures (in detail).
Emergency actions onboard.
Time warnings and checkpoints.
Type of drop, for example, CARP, GMRS, and VIRS.
Load time.
Station time.
Takeoff time.
Initial contact time with combat control team or drop zone support team (DZST) for update on DZ
conditions (if communications are being used).
Drop time.
Additional details:
If a ground abort occurs, designate which key personnel onboard must be advised.
If the PJM is not the last parachutist, designate who is in command of the troops on board in an
emergency.
Emphasize to the aircrew the importance of accurate direction and velocity of DZ winds (before
the one-minute time warning) and accurate time warnings.
9-6. Ensure seats are stowed by releasing the support leg from the aircraft floor, rotating the support leg 270
degrees until it rests on the seat, folding the seat up until it is vertical to the aircraft floor and securing it there by
attaching the clip provided on the stowage strap to the upper seat back support.
AIRCRAFT INSPECTION
9-7. The PJM, accompanied by a crew member (usually the loadmaster), inspects the aircraft and coordinates
any activities related to the airborne operation. The PJM must check the exterior and interior portions of the
aircraft directly related to the airborne operation.
SAFETY PERSONNEL
9-8. While the PJM inspects the aircraft, safety personnel control the chalk, making sure personnel remain in
their assigned sticks at all times. Personnel must also be accounted for at all times.
PARACHUTE ISSUE
9-9. Assistant jumpmaster/safety personnel supervise the chalk during parachute and air item issue. They draw
extra aviator kit bags (one for every 15 jumpers) and at least two extra reserve parachutes. The extra kit bags are
used to store the static lines and deployment bags after the jump. (The extra kit bags are placed in or with the
PJM safety kit bag.) Their tasks include the following:
Departure airfield layout inspection. All air items and combat equipment should be displayed for
inspection by AJM/safety personnel before donning or loading on the aircraft.
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Jumpmaster and Safety Duties at Departure Field
Parachutes and equipment. Assistant jumpmaster/safety personnel ensure that all parachutists use
the buddy system when donning parachutes and equipment. (Personnel should not start donning
parachutes and equipment earlier than one hour before load time to avoid unnecessary time in the
harness.)
Final DACO coordination. If directed by the PJM, AJM/safety personnel report to the DACO for
any special or last minute instructions that must be passed to the PJM.
Jumpmaster personnel inspection. Assistant jumpmaster/safety personnel assist in rigging,
inspecting, and correcting deficiencies as directed by the PJM. The PJMs role during JMPI is to
observe and supervise. The PJM should only perform JMPI to facilitate meeting station time.
Note. All current and qualified JMs assist during the JMPI.
SECTION II JUMPMASTER PERSONNEL INSPECTION T-10/MC-1 SERIES

9-10. The PJM is responsible for the inspection of his parachutists before an airborne operation. Only by a
complete and systematic equipment inspection of each parachutist can the PJM ensure that personnel aboard his
aircraft are safe to jump.
HANDS-ON INSPECTION
9-11. During JMPI, the JM uses a control hand and a working hand. During the course of the inspection, the
control hand and working hand may change. The control hand remains stationary, while the eyes follow the
working hand approximately 6 to 8 inches away. The principle is to look at what is touched by the working
hand. When locations are described in this sequence (top, right, left), it is in relation to the parachutistnot the
JM. The word trace describes the working hand moving along the item being inspected to ensure that it is not
twisted, cut, frayed, or misrouted. When tracing metal items, the JM inspects for sharp edges and proper
assembly. The inspection sequence described in this section is followed for a typical combat parachutist rigged
with load-bearing equipment (LBE) (exposed), combat pack (ALICE pack/field pack, large, internal, frame
[FPLIF]), M1950 weapons case, and main and reserve parachutes. (Other items and combinations of equipment
are prescribed elsewhere in this manual.) When performing JMPI on these items, the JM starts at the point of
attachment to the parachute harness and completely inspects that item before proceeding with the remainder of
the inspection sequence.
BALLISTIC HELMET (FRONT)

9-12. The jumper moves to the JM and the JM tells him, OPEN YOUR RIP CORD PROTECTOR FLAP. The
JM then proceeds with the following actions:
Place both hands on the rim of the ballistic helmet, on the extreme right side, fingers extended and
joined, palms facing the parachutist. Using the right hand as the working hand and the left hand as
the control hand, trace across the rim of the ballistic helmet with the working hand to the opposite
side of the ballistic helmet, inspecting for any sharp or protruding edges that may damage or cut the
static line during exiting aircraft. Once the hands are parallel, insert the thumb of each hand under the
rim and feel for the locking nuts to ensure they are present and secured.
Gently tilt the parachutists head back and look at the headband. Ensure that the smooth leather
portion is toward the parachutists head and the openings of the attaching clips are down, visible, and
secured. Place the right index finger on the pull the dot fastener with tab. Ensure that it is a
serviceable pull the dot fastener in that there are four plies of nylon, three of which must run through
the snap portion, and it is secured.
Bypass the pull the dot fastener with tab and trace down to the point of attachment for the chin strap.
Ensure the chin strap is properly routed through the adjusting buckle and that the parachutist
retention strap is routed around the long continuous portion of the chin strap and under the adjusting
buckle, with the pile portion of the parachutist retention strap away from the jumpers face.
Continue to trace the long continuous portion of the chin strap down under the parachutists chin and
back up to the point of attachment on the opposite side, and conduct the same inspection.
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Finally, trace the inside of the nylon portion of the adjusting buckle until making contact with the left
thumb, which is still on the locking nut. Trace the short, sewn portion of the chin strap across the
front of the parachutists chin. Drop both hands.
ADVANCED COMBAT HELMET (FRONT)

9-13. The ACH is the programmed replacement for the ballistic helmet. It is compatible NVDs and chemical
defense equipment, allows maximum sensory and situational awareness, provides an unobstructed field of view,
and increases ambient hearing capabilities. With proper sizing, the ACH retention and suspension system
provides balance, stability, comfort, fit, ventilation, and superior impact protection throughout all static line
airborne operational scenarios. The JM inspects the ACH by taking the following actions:
Move to the jumper and issue the command, OPEN YOUR RIP CORD PROTECTOR FLAP.
Place both hands on the right side of the ACH (fingers and thumbs extended and joined pointing
skyward, palms facing the jumper). The left hand is the control hand; the right hand is the working
hand. With the working hand trace across the rim of the ACH feeling for any sharp or protruding
edges that may cut or damage the jumpers universal static line upon exiting the aircraft. Once the
hands are parallel, place the thumbs on the rim of the ACH and gently tilt the jumpers head to the
rear.
Conduct a visual inspection to ensure the three suspension pads are present and flush with the rim of
the helmet shell, and the oval pads are covering the bolt ends.
Place the right index finger on the front left adjustable buckle to ensure it is free of all cracked
components and is serviceable, and that the front left adjustable strap is properly routed through it
with its free running end secured in the webbing retainer.
Trace the front left adjustable strap down to the chinstrap fastener to ensure it is free of all cracked
components and properly secured. Bypass the chinstrap fastener and trace the long portion of the
chinstrap, under the jumpers chin to where it is sewn into the front right adjustable strap to ensure it
is not twisted, cut, or frayed.
Trace the front right adjustable strap up to the front right adjustable buckle to ensure it is free of all
cracked components and is serviceable, and that the free running end is secured in the webbing
retainer. With the right index finger, trace the short portion chinstrap across the front of the jumpers
chin.

9-14. The JM inspects the canopy release assembly opposite of the universal static line. Canopy opposite of the
USL is inspected first. The static line is over the right shoulder of the jumper. Since the universal static line is
routed over the right shoulder, the inspection will begin with the left canopy release assembly, and include the
following actions:
Look at the left canopy release assembly. Tap the canopy release assembly with the knuckles of the
right hand and ensure that it sounds solid. With the right hand, form a knife cutting edge with fingers extended and joined, palm facing the JM, and insert it from outside to inside behind the left
main lift web, in the vicinity of the chest strap.
With the right hand, trace up the main lift web until the index finger comes in contact with the
canopy release assembly pad. Place the thumb of the right hand on the upper outer corner of the
canopy release assembly, rotate the canopy release assembly one quarter turn to the outside. With
eyes approximately 8 to 8 inches away, conduct a visual inspection. Ensure that the male fitting of
the canopy release assemble is properly secured by the female fitting canopy release assembly and is
properly secured by the latch. Ensure that the cable loop is secured by the safety clip and is free of
any dirt or foreign material. Allow the canopy release assembly to return to its original position.
Since the USL is routed over the jumpers right shoulder, it is in the line of sight of the inspector,
therefore with the left hand, secure the USL with the index finger and thumb and rotate it over to the
right thumb and secure it in place.
Look at the right canopy release assembly, with the knuckles of the left hand, tap the right canopy
release assembly one time to ensure that it sounds solid.
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With the left hand, form a knife cutting edge with the fingers extended and joined, palm facing the
JM, and insert it from outside to inside behind the right main lift web in the vicinity of the chest strap
ejector snap.
With the left hand, trace up the right main lift web until the index finger comes into contact with
canopy release assembly pad. Place the thumb of the left hand on the upper outer corner of the
canopy release assembly and rotate the canopy release assembly one quarter turn to the outside and
conduct the same inspection. Once satisfied with the inspection, let the canopy release assembly
return to its normal position.
When inspecting a parachute harness equipped with the modified D-rings, ensure that the D-rings are
secured up using Type II or Type III nylon cord, gutted, and that it is routed under the jumpers chest
strap while tracing down the main lift web. With the right hand, conduct the same inspection on the
jumpers left upper D-ring.
CHEST STRAP
9-15. The JM inspects the chest strap next by taking the following actions:
Simultaneously slide both hands down the main lift web until the pinkie fingers make contact with
the D-rings.
Look at the chest strap to ensure that it has not been misrouted around the left main lift web. With the
right hand, form a knife cutting edge, fingers and thumb extended and joined pointing skyward, palm
facing the JM and insert it from bottom to top behind the chest strap next to where it is sewn into the
left main lift web. Trace the chest strap across ensuring it is not twisted, cut, or frayed, and the excess
webbing of the chest strap is properly secured in the webbing retainer, until the right hand is behind
the chest strap ejector snap.
With the right thumb, press in on the activating lever of the chest strap ejector snap to ensure it is
properly seated over the ball detent and is free of all foreign matter. Leave the right hand and thumb
in place, and move to the jumpers right side.
WAISTBAND
9-16. The JM begins the inspection by moving to the right side of the parachutist and taking the following
actions:
Insert the left hand, fingers and thumb extended and joined pointing skyward, palm facing the JM,
from bottom to top behind the waistband next to where it is sewn into the pack tray.
Look at the waistband where it is sewn into the pack tray to ensure 50 percent of one row of stitching
is present.
Trace the waistband forward ensuring it is not twisted, cut, frayed, or misrouted behind the horizontal
backstrap. Continue to trace the waistband forward until the left hand makes contact with the D-ring.
Look at the waistband to ensure that it is routed over the right main lift web and under the right Dring.
Rotate the right hand down and grasp the top-carrying handle of the reserve parachute, palm facing
the reserve. Simultaneously lift up and out on the reserve parachute and place the palm of the left
hand on the jumpers chest.
Look at the waistband where it is routed behind the reserve parachute to ensure it is routed through
both waistband retainers, and it is not twisted, cut, or frayed.
Withdraw the left hand from the jumpers chest, reach under the right forearm and insert the left hand
into the left carrying handle of the reserve parachute, palm facing away from the reserve with the
fingers spread.
With the right hand, release the top carrying handle of the reserve parachute a move to the left side
the jumper. Insert the right hand, fingers and thumb extended and joined pointing skyward, palm
facing the JM, from bottom to top behind the waistband as close as possible to the left D-ring.
Look at the waistband to ensure that it is routed under the left D-ring and over the left main lift web.
Trace the waistband back to the metal adjuster, ensuring it is not twisted, cut, or frayed and leave the
right hand in place behind the metal adjuster.
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Remove the left hand from the left carrying handle of the reserve parachute, and insert the left index
and middle fingers from top to bottom into the quick release formed by the waistband. Ensure it is no
more than three fingers, no less than two, and that it is not a false quick release.
Remove the index and middle fingers from the quick release and with the left index finger and
thumb, pinch off the free running of the waistband where it comes out of the metal adjuster. Trace
the free running end of the waistband until the fingers fall off the end, ensuring it is not cut, torn, or
frayed and is easily accessible to the jumper.
Reinsert the left hand into the left carrying handle of the reserve parachute with the palm facing away
from the reserve and fingers spread. Look at the right hand and trace the waistband adjuster panel
back to where it is sewn into the pack tray ensuring it is not twisted, cut, frayed, or misrouted behind
the horizontal backstrap. Look at the waistband adjusted panel where it is sewn to the pack tray and
ensure that at least 50 percent of one row of stitching is present.
Drop both hands and move to the front of the jumper.
RESERVE PARACHUTE
9-17. The JM begins by grasping the top carrying handle with the left hand (with the palm facing the reserve)
and pulling up and out slightly. If the harness has the old D-rings tie up, the JM first inspects that the screw pin
is slightly recessed below the screw pin head housing and staked if any sign of screw pin misalignment
immediately renders the harness unserviceable.
Modified Improvised Reserve Parachute System

9-18. Inspect the MIRPS by taking the following actions:
Look at the left connector snap, and with the index finger or thumb of the right hand, check the left
connector snap to ensure that it is secured to the left D-ring, has spring tension, and is not safe tied.
With the left hand, grasp the top carrying handle of the reserve, palm facing the reserve parachute,
and lift up and out. If the harness has the old D-rings tie up, the JM first inspects to see if the screw
pin is slightly recessed below the screw pin head housing and staked. Any sign of screw pin
misalignment immediately renders the harness unsafe to jump and unserviceable.
Look at the left connector snap and with the index finger of the right hand, check the left connector
snap one time. This is to ensure that the connector snap is properly secured to the left D-ring, has
spring tension, and has not been safe tied.
Grasp the top carrying handle of the reserve parachute with the right hand, palm facing the reserve,
and lift up and out. If the harness has the old D-rings tie up, the JM first inspects to see if the screw
pin is slightly recessed below the screw pinhead housing and staked. If any sign of screw pin
misalignment immediately renders the harness unserviceable, the harness is not safe to jump.
Look at the right connector snap and with the index finger of the left hand, check the right connector
snap one time to ensure that it is properly secured to the right D-ring, has spring tension, and has not
been safe tied. To further ensure that the right connector snap has been safe tied, use the left index
finger to pull down and out on the safety wire and lanyard to ensure that the safety wire has been
routed through the drilled hole in the right connector snap. Insert the left index finger from the top to
the bottom on the inside of the right connector snap to ensure the safety wire has been bent down
toward the ground.
Place the right hand on the left end panel of the reserve parachute.
Form a knife edge with the left hand, palm facing the JM, and trace from top to bottom between the
rip cord grip and the right end panel of the reserve parachute to ensure the rip cord grip is not
winterized (unless the mission calls for it) and that the right pack opening spring band is not
misrouted over the rip cord grip.
Insert the index finger of the left hand into the rip cord grip stow pocket and feel for the steel swaged
ball. With the left index finger and thumb, pinch off the first locking pin where it comes out of the rip
cord grip stow pocket. Apply inward pressure on the left end panel with the right hand and physically
seat the first locking pin from the jumpers right to the jumpers left through its cone.
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Trace the cable over to the second locking pin and continue tracing until the fingers fall off end,
ensuring that the locking pins are not bent, cracked, or corroded and the cable is not kinked or frayed.
Modified Improved Reserve Parachute System Soft Loop Center Pull

9-19. Check the MIRPS soft loop center pull by conducting an inspection that includes the following actions:
With the left hand grasp the top carrying handle of the reserve parachute, palm facing the reserve and
lift it up and out.
With the right index finger, snap the opening gate of the left connector snap one time to ensure that it
is properly secured to the left D-ring, has spring tension, and has not been safe tied.
Grasp the top carrying handle of the reserve parachute with the right hand, palm facing the reserve
and lift up and out.
Look at the right connector snap and with the left index finger, finger the right connector snap one
time to ensure that it is properly secured to the D-ring, does not have spring tension, and has been
safe tied.
9-20. JM will now inspect the safety wire and lanyard by using the letters PLF, which stands for pull, look
and feel. With the left index finger, form a hook around the lanyard of the safety wire and lanyard, inspect in
the following manner:
Pull on the lanyard portion to ensure it is secure to the reinforced nylon webbing on the rear right
portion of the reserve parachute, and to the coiled portion of the safety wire.
Look at it to ensure the lanyard is constructed of type II or type III nylon cord gutted, and the safety
wire is routed from outside to inside through the small hole in the right connector snap.
Feel the safety wire by inserting the left index finger from top to bottom on the inside of the right
connector snap ensuring it is bent at a 90-degree angle and that the safety wire is routed between the
waistband and the reserve parachute and not the waistband and the jumpers body.
9-21. Continue inspecting in the following manner:
Keep the left index finger in place. Place the right hand on the left end panel of the reserve parachute,
then form a knife cutting edge with the left hand, fingers and thumb extended and joined pointed
downward, palm facing the JM and sweep one time from the jumpers left to right behind the rip cord
grip. Ensure the top left and top right pack opening spring bands have not been misrouted over the
rip cord grip.
Form a fist with the left hand leaving the index finger exposed and insert it behind the rip cord,
ensuring that the rip cord grip is routed between the top handle and rip cord grip retainer, and not the
rip cord grip retainer and pile tape.
Remove the left index finger and place it on the right steel swaged ball to ensure that it is present,
goes against the rip cord grip, and is not cracked or corroded.
With the left index finger and thumb, pinch off the right cable where it emerges from the rip cord
grip and trace it down until coming into contact with the locking pin, ensuring the cable is not kinked
or frayed, and it is properly routed over the pile tape. Continue to trace down the locking pin until
coming to the end, ensuring the locking pin is not bent, cracked or corroded.
Leave the left index finger and thumb on the end of the right locking pin and make a visual
inspection of the red soft loop to ensure that it is not twisted, cut, frayed, or burned and the locking
pin is completely routed through it and not puncturing it.
Place the right index finger on the left steel swaged ball and conduct the same inspection. Now place
either hand on an end panel and with the index finger and thumb of the other hand, pinch off the rip
cord proctor flap making a visual and physical inspection of the log record book to ensure that it
present.
Close the rip cord protector flap and make a visual inspection to ensure a piece of quarter in yellow
binding tape is permanently sewn across the top of it. With either hand, feel for the bulge created by
the DAD to ensure that it is centered behind the rip cord protective flap.
The pack opening spring band must be inspected for exposed metal, spring tension, and proper
routing. With the left hand, form a knife cutting edge, fingers extended and joined, palm facing the
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JM and sweep the top carrying handle and universal static line snap hook back towards the jumper.
The left hand will be the control hand.
Begin the inspection of the pack opening spring bands with the top right pack opening spring band.
With the right index finger and thumb, pinch off the tab portion of the top right pack opening spring
band and pull it down toward the rip cord protective flap. Look at the pack opening spring band to
ensure it is routed thru the reinforced nylon webbing on the back of the reserve, it is properly routed
under the top carrying handle, and there is no exposed metal on the pack opening spring band. When
the tab portion of the pack opening spring band is released, it should pop back into place.
Repeat the same inspection for the top left pack opening spring band. With the left hand, form a knife
cutting edge, fingers and thumb extended and joined pointing downward, palm facing the jump
master and sweep the left carrying handle out of the way and inspect the left pack opening spring
band.
With both hands, secure the bottom corners of the reserve parachute and lift it up high so that it is
parallel to the ground, and the bottom left and right pack opening spring bands can be inspected in
the same manner.
Note. On a Hollywood rigged jumper the waistband should be visible behind the reserve parachute.
Remove the left hand from the bottom right corner of the reserve parachute; it should go back to its
normal position.
With the left hand, form a knife cutting edge, fingers extended and joined, palm facing toward the
JM and sweep the lanyard portion of the safety wire and lanyard out of the line of sight, and inspect
the right pack opening spring band.
An overall inspection of the reserve parachute must now be conducted to ensure that it is free of
grease, oil, dirt, mud, tears, and exposed canopy.
With both hands, form a knife cutting edge, fingers extended, with the fingertips facing toward the
jumpers body and place the palms of the hands on the top right corner of the reserve parachute. The
left hand is the control hand and the right hand is the working hand. Keep the left hand in place.
With the head and eyes approximately 6 to 8 inches away, focus attention on the right hand and trace
the top panel of the reserve, now trace down the left end panel of the reserve parachute ensuring the
pinkie finger leads the way.
After reaching the bottom left panel of the reserve parachute with the working hand, drop the control
hand down to the bottom right corner of the reserve parachute and lift the reserve parachute up high,
ensuring the left hand does not cover up the seam on the reserve parachute. The thumb should be
touching the reinforced webbing on the bottom right corner and fingertips pointing toward the rip
cord protector flap.
Hold the reserve parachute up with the control hand so it is parallel to the ground. With the working
hand, trace the bottom panel of the reserve parachute ensuring the index finger is leading the way.
When the working hand makes contact with the control hand, drop the control hand leaving the
working hand in place on the bottom right corner of the reserve parachute and let the reserve
parachute fall back to its normal position.
Move the control hand back to the top right corner of the reserve parachute, ensuring that the seam is
not covered on the reserve parachute, and with head and eyes approximately 4 to 6 inches away, trace
up the right end panel of the reserve parachute ensuring the pinkie finger leads the way conducting a
visual inspection.
Once the working hand makes contact with the control hand, lift the control hand up ensuring that the
working hand traces where the control hand just was. Now issue the jumper the command, HOLD,
SQUAT.
LEG STRAPS
9-22. Check the leg straps by conducting the following inspection:
Insert the index and middle finger of each hand from outside to inside under the leg straps behind the
aviators kit bag where the natural pocket is formed. Simultaneously slide both hands rearward on the
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leg straps tracing back to the saddle, ensuring that the leg straps are not crossed. Keep right hand in
place.
With the left hand, trace the right leg strap up to the quick fit V-ring, ensuring that it is not twisted,
cut, or frayed, and the excess webbing is secured in the webbing retainer. With the thumb of the left
hand, press in on the activating lever of the right leg strap ejector snap to ensure it is properly seated
over the ball detent and is free of all foreign matter. Leave the left hand and left thumb in place and
look at the left leg strap.
With the right hand, trace the left leg strap up to the quick fit V-ring ensuring that it is not twisted,
cut, or frayed, excess webbing is secured in webbing retainer, and it is properly routed through the
exposed carrying handle of the aviators kit bag, over the bottom and under the top.
With the thumb or index finger of the right hand, press in on the activating lever of the left leg strap
ejector snap to ensure it is properly seated over the ball detent and is free of all foreign matter.
Look at the aviators kit bag to ensure that it is present, has not been reversed and the sewn
reinforced portion is facing away from the jumper. Once satisfied with the inspection, stand up in
front of the jumper. (Hollywood jumpers will automatically recover.)

9-23. Inspect the universal static line by taking the following actions:
Reach across the body with the right hand and grasp the universal static line snap hook. Pull up on
the universal static line snap hook to ensure it is secured to the top carrying handle of the reserve
parachute.
Open the right hand and let the universal static line snap hook rest in the palm. Place the left index
finger on the girth hitch of the universal static line. Ensure the green marking stitching is present and
the girth hitch is routed around the narrow portion of the universal static line snap hook.
With the left index finger, trace down the universal static line snap hook until the left index finger
makes contact with the rivet pin; ensure it is secure and free of rust and corrosion.
With the right hand, regrasp the universal static line snap hook and hold it perpendicular to the
reserve parachute with the spring opening gate facing toward the jumper. With the left hand, palm
facing the jumper, thumb pointing downward, grasp the universal static line just above the universal
static line snap hook.
Rotate the universal static line down and to the jumpers right and push it toward the universal static
line snap hook. Inspect the inside of the girth hitch for the first time to ensure it is free of all cuts,
frays, and burns.
With the index finger or thumb of the right hand, push the girth hitch back towards the universal
static line snap hook and inspect the inside the girth hitch for the second time for any cuts, frays, or
burns.
Re-dress the girth hitch down around the narrow portion of the universal static line snap hook and
release the universal static line with the left hand.
Since the static line is routed over the jumpers right shoulder, with the index finger and thumb of the
right hand, form an O around the universal static line just above the universal static line snap hook,
so metal can be seen.
Raise the right hand up simultaneously inspecting the static line as it passes through the O formed
by the right hand to ensure that it is free of all cuts, frays, and burns. When the right hand has been
raised as high as it can go, issue the jumper the command, TURN.
Once the jumper has completed the turn, the right hand should have been raised high enough to pull
all of the slack from the static line slack retainer.
Keep the universal static line tight between the control hand and the first stow, place the index finger,
or index finger and the middle finger of the working hand behind the universal static line below the
control hand so there is skin-to-skin contact.
9-24. Trace the universal static line down to the first stow, ensuring it is free of all cuts, frays, and burns, and it
has not been misrouted under or through either riser assembly.
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9-25. With either hand, form a bight in the universal static line and look at the static line slack retainer. Ensure
the static line slack retainer it is not cut, torn, or frayed more than 50 percent. (If it is, the parachute is
unserviceable and must be turned in.) To inspect the static line, take the following actions:
Insert the bight from top to bottom through the static line slack retainer and pull all excess universal
static line through.
Flip the bight on top of the pack tray and place either hand on it. The hand that controls the bight
becomes the control hand.
With the index finger and thumb of working hand, pinch off the first stow and pull it 1 or 2 inches
toward the center of the pack tray. Look behind the stow to ensure that the universal static line has
not been misrouted around the static line stow bar and it is free of cuts, frays, or burns. Release the
first stow and let it pop back into place.
Insert the index finger of the working hand from bottom to top behind the first strand of universal
static line as close as possible to the first stow. Trace the first strand of universal static line over to
the second stow to ensure it is free of all cuts, frays, and burns.
Once contact is made with the second stow, pinch it off with the index finger and thumb of the
working hand, pull it 1 or 2 inches toward the center of the pack tray, and conduct the same
inspection.
Place the index finger or thumb of the working hand behind the second strand of static line and trace
it away from the body, ensuring it is not cut, frayed, or burned.
Continue to inspect the universal static line in the same manner all the way down to the pack opening
loop, ensuring the last strand of static line is inspected with the index finger only, and the last strand
of universal static line is routed from the right outer static line stow bar.
PACK OPENING LOOP, PACK CLOSING LOOPS, PACK CLOSING TIE

9-26. Inspect the pack opening loop, pack closing loops, and pack closing tie by taking the following actions:
Once contact is made with the pack-opening loop, ensure it is situated between the pack closing
loops at the 6 and 9 oclock positions.
Insert the index finger of the working hand from bottom to top into the pack-opening loop. Pull down
and out on the pack opening loop, look inside the pack opening loop to ensure the pack closing tie
has been routed through the pack opening loop and that the pack opening loop is not torn or frayed at
all. Let the pack opening loop pop off the finger.
Place the index finger of the working hand on the pack-closing loop at the 6 oclock position. Look
at the pack closing loop to ensure the pack closing tie is routed through the pack closing loop and the
pack closing loop is not torn or frayed more than 50 percent. Inspect the remaining pack closing
loops in the same manner using a clockwise motion, 9 oclock, 12 oclock, and 3 oclock.
If the universal static line is covering either of the pack closing loops, it must be moved so it does not
impede the inspection.
Look at the pack closing tie and the surgeons knot locking knot. Ensure the surgeons knot locking
knot is properly positioned between the pack closing loops at the 3 oclock and 6 oclock positions.
Insert the index finger of working hand from bottom to top behind the surgeons knot locking knot
and pull down and out, to ensure it is secure and that the pack closing tie has been properly
constructed of one turn and one turn of quarter-inch cotton webbing. Let the pack closing tie pop off
the end of the finger.
Drop both hands and stand up behind the jumper.
BALLISTIC HELMET (BACK)

9-27. Conduct the following inspection of the ballistic helmet (back):
Place both hands on the rim of the ballistic helmet on the extreme left-hand side, fingers and thumb
extended and joined, fingers pointing skyward, palms facing the jumper. The left hand is the control
hand, and the right hand is the working hand.
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With the working hand, trace the rim of the ballistic helmet across to the opposite side, ensuring
there are no sharp or protruding edges that may cut or damage the jumpers static line upon exiting
the aircraft.
Once the hands are parallel, place the thumb of each hand on the rim of the ballistic helmet and
gently tilt the jumpers head forward.
Look at the parachutist retention strap to ensure it is properly routed between the shell of the ballistic
helmet and the foam impact pad and the parachutist retention strap is not twisted.
With the index finger and thumb of either hand, pinch off the foam impact pad and pull down
slightly to ensure that it is secured to the shell of the ballistic helmet and it is serviceable.
ADVANCED COMBAT HELMET (BACK)

9-28. Inspect the advanced combat helmet (back) by taking the following actions:
Place both hands on the left side of the ACH, fingers and thumbs extended and joined fingers
pointing skyward, palms facing the jumper. The left hand is the control hand; the right hand is the
working hand.
With the working hand, trace the rim of the ACH feeling for any sharp or protruding edges that may
cut or damage the jumpers static line upon exiting the aircraft.
Once the hands are parallel, place the thumbs on the rim of the ACH and gently tilt the jumpers head
forward.
Conduct a visual inspection to ensure the oval pads are covering the bolt ends, they are flush with the
rim of the ACH, and the rear trapezoid pad is flush or protruding slightly past the rim of the ACH.
Place the right index finger on the rear right adjustable buckle to ensure the rear right adjustable strap
is properly routed through it and free of all cracked components and the free running end is secured
in the webbing retainer.
Trace the rear right adjustable strap down until contact is made with the long portion chinstrap to
ensure it is not twisted, cut, or frayed. Leave the right index finger in place; place the left index
finger on the rear left adjustable buckle and conduct the same inspection. Leave the left index finger
in place.
Conduct a visual inspection of the nape pad to ensure it is present, secure, serviceable, and has not
been reversed.
Notes.
1.
There are four different configurations for the individual pads inside the ACH.
2.
Ensure there is a minimum of seven pads inside the ACH and four pads are covering
the locking nuts.
3.
The pads in the rear should extend slightly past the bottom of the ACH.
RISER ASSEMBLIES
9-29. The riser assemblies should be inspected by taking the following actions:
Reach as far forward over the jumpers shoulders as possible and with each hand grasp a riser
assembly, thumbs down, knuckles skyward, just above the canopy release assemblies. Since these are
like items of equipment, either riser assembly can be inspected first, however, for this explanation,
the inspection will begin with the left riser assembly.
Give the left riser assembly a sharp tug to the rear. Open the left hand to form an L. Apply upward
pressure with the left thumb and trace the riser assembly rearward to the point where it disappears
into the main pack tray, ensuring it is not twisted, cut, or frayed.
Leave the left hand in place and with the right hand, conduct the same inspection on the right riser
assembly. Ensure a log record book is present in either riser assembly.
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Chapter 9
PACK TRAY
9-30. An overall inspection of the pack tray must be conducted to ensure the pack tray is free of grease, oil, dirt,
mud, or tears. The inspections should include the following actions:
Place both hands on the top left corner of the pack tray, palms facing the pack tray, fingers and
thumb extended and joined. The left hand is the control hand, and the right hand is the working hand.
With the head and eyes 6 to 8 inches away from the working hand, trace across the top pack closing
flap, down the right pack closing flap, across the bottom pack closing flap. While tracing the bottom
pack closing flap ensure to lower the head so the bottom is visible.
Flip the right hand over and trace up the left pack closing flap. When the working hand makes
contact with the control hand, raise the control hand out of the way and trace across the top left
corner of the pack tray where the control hand had been.
Form knife edges with both hands, palms facing the JM and issue the command, ARCH YOUR
BACK.
DIAGONAL BACKSTRAPS
9-31. Inspect the diagonal backstraps by taking the following actions:
Insert each hand under the X formed by the diagonal backstraps. Look at the diagonal backstraps
to ensure they have been properly routed over the appropriate shoulder, and that the top diagonal
backstrap has one more row of exposed stitching than the one on the bottom.
Look at the diagonal backstrap retainers to ensure they are routed through the sizing channels on the
diagonal backstraps. Ensure the diagonal backstrap retainers are routed around the diagonal backstrap
keepers and the pull the dot fasteners are secured.
To further ensure the pull the dot fasteners are secure, with both thumbs; pluck the tab portion on the
pull the dot fasteners upward.
Focus attention on the left hand and the left side of the jumper. With the left hand, trace down the
diagonal backstrap to the backstrap adjuster, ensuring it is not twisted, cut, or frayed.
Grasp the backstrap adjuster with the left hand and focus attention on the right side of the jumper.
With the right hand, trace down the diagonal backstrap, ensuring it is not twisted cut or frayed.
Bypass the backstrap adjuster and pick up the inspection of the horizontal backstrap.
HORIZONTAL BACKSTRAP
9-32. Conduct an inspection of the horizontal backstrap by taking the following actions:
Trace the horizontal backstrap down to where it disappears into the main lift web, ensuring that it is
not cut or twisted and the excess webbing is secured in the webbing retainer.
Withdraw the right hand from under the horizontal backstrap, and reinsert it, fingers and thumb
extended and joined, fingers pointing skyward, palm facing the JM, from bottom to top behind the
horizontal backstrap where it reemerges from the main lift web. The index finger should make
contact with the main lift web, once the index finger has made contact with the main lift web, issue
the jumper the command, BEND.
Place the left shoulder on the bottom pack closing flap and push up on the bottom of the pack tray.
Simultaneously, with the left hand pull down on the backstrap adjuster.
With head and eyes approximately 6 to 8 inches away, trace the horizontal backstrap across the small
of the jumpers back, until the right pinkie finger makes contact with the main lift web on the
jumpers left side.
Inspect the horizontal backstrap to ensure it is not twisted, cut, or frayed, and that the horizontal
backstrap retainer is routed under and over the horizontal backstrap keeper and secured to itself with
a pull the dot fasteners and that nothing is misrouted behind the horizontal backstrap
Remove the right hand from behind the horizontal backstrap form a knife cutting edge, fingers
extended and joined, and insert it from outside to inside or inside to outside where the horizontal
backstrap emerges again above the waistband adjuster panel on the jumpers left side.
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Trace up the horizontal backstrap until the right hand makes contact with the left hand, which should
still be in place around the backstrap adjuster on the jumpers left side, inspecting the horizontal
backstrap ensuring that it is not twisted, cut, or frayed, and that the excess webbing is secured inside
the webbing retainer and that nothing is misrouted behind the horizontal backstrap.
Withdraw the right hand from behind the horizontal backstrap and stand left hip to left hip with the
jumper.
SADDLE
9-33. Inspect the saddle by taking the following actions:
Place the finger tips of the right hand, fingers and thumb extended and joined, fingers pointed down,
palm facing the jumper just below the triangle link on the single X boxed stitch on the left main lift
web.
Trace the saddle across the jumpers buttocks insuring that the saddle is not twisted, cut, or frayed,
has been inverted, or that either leg strap has been misrouted around the saddle.
Trace the saddle until contact is made with the single X boxed stitch on the right main lift web.
Conclude inspection by lightly tapping jumper on the buttocks and issuing the command,
RECOVER.
WEAPONS CASE, M1950

9-34. The M1950 weapons case will be inspected in its entirety before inspecting the reserve parachute. The
inspections will include the following actions:
(The inspection of the M1950 weapons case begins with its point of attachment on the left D-ring.)
Look at the opening gate of the quick-release snap to ensure that the opening gate is facing the
jumpers body and is the outermost item on the left D-ring (unless the harness is not equipped with
either the lowering line adapter web or triangle links).
With the right index finger, snap the opening gate one time to ensure that it is properly attached to
the left D-ring, it has spring tension, and it has not been safe tied. With the heel of the right hand,
press up on the activating arm of the quick-release snap to ensure that it is seated between the ball
detents. With the index finger of the right hand, trace down until contact is made with the V ring.
Ensure the quick-release link is routed through the V ring and is secured by the rotating claw.
Continue to trace down the inside of the M1950 weapons case until contact is made with the
adjusting strap. Ensure the adjusting strap is routed through the appropriate set of adjusting strap
connectors, secured by means of a half hitch, and is not twisted, cut or frayed. Continue tracing down
the inside of the M1950 weapons case until the fingers fall off the bottom.
Form a knife edge with the right hand, palm facing skyward, and trace from front to rear along the
bottom of the M1950 weapons case to ensure the muzzle of the weapon is not protruding.
Place the index finger of the right hand on the slide fastener at the bottom of the closing flap. Ensure
the slide fastener is secure by tracing up the outside of the M1950 weapons case to the vicinity of the
lift fastener. With the index finger and thumb of the right hand, pinch off the slide fastener and tab
thong. Pull down and out to ensure the slide fastener and tab thong are secured by the upper tie-down
tape or have been separated over the lift fastener.
Drop the right hand down 10 to 12 inches from the top of the M1950 weapons case and give it a
sharp slap, feeling for the forward assist of the M16 series rifle or the charging handle of the M249.
With the index finger and thumb of the right hand, pinch off the bow knot of the upper tie-down tape
on the front of the M1950 weapons case. Visually inspect the upper tie-down tape to ensure it is
properly routed behind the M1950 weapons case, around the main lift web, above the chest strap, and
secured by a bow knot. This concludes the inspection of the M1950 weapons case.
With the left hand, grasp the top carrying handle of the reserve parachute, palm facing the reserve
parachute, and lift up and out.
Inspect the reserve parachute in the same manner as if it were on a Hollywood jumper and issue the
jumper the command, HOLD.
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Chapter 9
ALL-PURPOSE, LIGHTWEIGHT, INDIVIDUAL, CARRYING EQUIPMENT PACK

9-35. After the JM has completed the overall inspection of the reserve parachute, he then inspects the ALICE
pack, which should have the harness, a single-point release, and hook-pile tape lowering line. The inspection
includes the following actions:
Begin inspection of the harness single-point release with its point of attachment, the adjustable Dring attaching straps. These are like items of equipment so either one can be inspected first, however,
for this talk-through, begin with the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap. Simultaneously secure
both adjustable D-ring attaching straps with both hands. Leave the right hand in place, and focus
attention on the left hand and the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap. Look at the snap hook to
ensure that the opening gate is facing the jumpers body and that it is attached to the outside of the
right connector snap. With the index finger of the left hand, snap the opening gate one time to ensure
that it is properly secured to the right D-ring and has spring tension. With the left thumb, flip the free
running end of the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap out of the way.
Place the left index finger on the front of the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap just below the
snap hook. Trace down the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap until contact is made with the
white attaching loop, ensuring that it is not twisted, cut, or frayed. Once contact is made with the
white attaching loop, bypass the triangle link and pick up the inspection of the white attaching loop
in front of the triangle link.
With the left index finger, trace down the attaching loops to ensure the white attaching loop is routed
from bottom to top through the triangle link, the green attaching loop is routed from bottom to top
through the white attaching loop, the red attaching loop is routed from bottom to top through the
green attaching loop, and all are routed from bottom to top through the grommet in the female
portion leg strap release assembly. Place the left index finger on the single X boxed stitch on the
release handle cross strap.
Look at the release handle cable where it emerges from the release handle cross strap. Ensure the
release handle cable is properly routed through the red attaching loop and secured by the cable loop
retainer. Leave the left index finger in place , and with the right hand; conduct the same inspection on
the left adjustable D-ring attaching strap. After inspecting the left adjustable D-ring attaching strap,
focus on the release handle.
With the right hand, (index finger on top, thumb on the bottom) lift up on the release handle. Ensure
the release handle is properly routed between the two plies of the release handle cross strap and
secured by the hook pile tabs.
With both hands, form fists leaving the index fingers exposed and place them on the equipment
retainer straps. Trace the equipment retainer straps down between the external cargo compartments
of the ALICE pack until making contact with the adjustable cross strap.
Leave the left hand in place and with the right hand, grasp the free running end of the adjustable
cross strap and give it a tug to the jumpers left, ensuring that all the slack has been removed from
the adjustable cross strap. Place right index finger back on single X box stitch and continue to trace
until fingers fall off the ends. With both hands, secure the sides of the ALICE pack, raise the ALICE
pack to the jumper and issue the command, HOLD.
The JM will continue the inspection of the equipment retainer straps where they come out of the
cushioned envelope at the top of the ALICE pack. Ensure the equipment retainer straps form an X
configuration on the rear of the ALICE pack. Trace the equipment retainer straps down, bypassing
the girth hitch formed by the hook-pile tape lowering line until contact is made with the friction
adapters. This is the first chance to ensure the girth hitch is properly routed north to south, south to
north, never east to west. Look at the friction adapters to ensure the equipment retainer straps are
properly routed through the friction adapters.
Simultaneously, place the index finger and middle finger of each hand on top of the quick releases to
ensure they are no more than three fingers and no less than two. Look at the free running ends of the
equipment retainer straps to ensure they are S folded or accordion folded, and not rolled and are
secured by two turns of retainer band, or one wrap of masking tape, one or the other, never both.
Place the left hand behind the back and with the working hand, form a fist with the index finger
exposed and place it next to the girth hitch of the HPT lowering line. This is the second chance to
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October 2013
ensure the girth hitch is properly routed north to south, south to north, never east to west. Continue to
trace the hook-pile tape lowering line until contact is made with the first set of hook pile tabs. Ensure
the hook pile tabs are secured and no folds of the hook-pile tape lowering line are protruding from
the retainer flap.
Continue to trace down the hook-pile tape lowering line, ensuring it is secured to the tubular portion
of the frame by two retainer bands, one on top and one on the bottom between the horizontal frame
support. Continue tracing the retainer flap until contact is made with the second set of hook pile tabs.
Ensure they are properly secured and no folds of the hook-pile tape lowering line are protruding from
the retainer flap. Continue to trace the hook-pile tape lowering line until it disappears behind the
nylon chaff of the M1950 weapons case. Leave the right hand in place, and with the left hand grasp
the trail edge of the M1950 weapons case and pull it forward. With the right index finger, pick up the
inspection of the hook-pile tape lowering line on the backside of the nylon chaff and trace it up to its
point of attachment. Once the hook-pile tape lowering line has been traced to its point of attachment,
look at the ejector snap to ensure the opening gate is facing the jumpers body.
With the right thumb, press in on the activating lever to ensure that it is properly seated over the ball
detent and free of all foreign matter. Turn the ejector snap 1/4 turn out to ensure the small tooth is
present.
Visually inspect the yellow safety lanyard to ensure that it is serviceable and has not been wired, tied,
or taped down.
Move back to the front of the jumper and issue the command, SQUAT. Continue to inspect the
remainder of the jumper in the same manner as a Hollywood jumper.
JUMPMASTER PERSONNEL INSPECTIONS COMBAT EQUIPMENT

9-36. The JM is responsible for inspecting each jumper and item of equipment. Long flights, heavy loads,
extreme heat, tactical updates, and special items of equipment (PJP, Stinger, and so on) may warrant delaying
the attachment of equipment until a pre-designated time later in the mission timeline. Under such conditions, the
airborne commander may decide to conduct the JMPI without equipment. The commander must consider
individual and unit proficiency when conducting the command risk assessment. When equipment is attached
after the JMPI, a JM should attach and inspect the equipment.
PARACHUTIST DROP BAG

9-37. The PDB is designed for quick and efficient rigging of equipment carried by a paratrooper, and includes
the following characteristics:
Designed to reduce the time necessary to secure mission essential equipment, minimize the time a
Soldier needs to remain in an open area, improve the survivability of the airborne Soldier, and
preserve the commanders available combat power when conducting airborne operations.
The ALICE pack, the modular lightweight load-carrying equipment (MOLLE) I pack, Interceptor
body armor, fighting load carrier, or load-bearing equipment can be placed in the PDB along with
items such as the M7 large base plate, the aiming stakes with case, or the M122 tripod.
Consists of approximately 5520 cubic inches of storage space, the PDB weighs 12.8 pounds when
empty with all hardware attached. It is 26 inches high, 18 inches wide, and 14 inches deep. The PDB
can sustain combat loads ranging from a minimum of 45 pounds, to a maximum 120 pounds. Its
incorporated single-point release system operates in the same way as the harness single-point release.
Issued with a PDB lowering line, two adjustable D-ring attaching straps, and two female portion leg
strap release assemblies. When rigging the PDB, either the PDB lowering line, or the hook-pile tape
lowering line may be used. Either the adjustable D-ring attaching straps (issued with the PDB), or
adjustable D-ring attaching straps (issued with the harness single-point release) may also be used.
However, when used they must be utilized as a matched set.
Permanently attached to the back of the PDB are two carrying straps. These are used in the same way
as the shoulder carrying straps on the ALICE pack or MOLLE I pack. This is the male portion
carrying strap secured to the female portion carrying strap.
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Chapter 9
When the male portion carrying strap is connected to the female portion leg strap release assembly, it
becomes the adjustable leg strap.
RIGGING
9-38. To begin rigging the PDB, it must first be prepared. To prepare the PDB, the following actions must be
taken:
Fully elongate all straps and lay it out with the attaching loops facing skyward.
Route the release handle through the release handle cross strap and secure with the hook and pile
tape. Ensure the release handle lanyard is not twisted or misrouted through the release handle cross
strap or vertical securing strap.
Route the black attaching loop through the triangle link of the adjustable D-ring attaching strap,
ensuring the opening gate of the snap hook is facing down.
Route the white attaching loop from bottom to top through the black attaching loop, the red attaching
loop from bottom to top through the white attaching loop and through the grommet in the female
portion leg strap release assembly.
Route the release handle cable through the red attaching loop and into the cable channel.
Accomplish this preparation on both sides of the PDB prior to placing the load inside the PDB. As
with the HSPR, increased tension in the PDB when filled makes the routing of the attaching loops
more difficult to accomplish.
Unzip the PDB and fully open it, with the camouflage side down.
The jumpers combat load will be placed inside the PDB, ensuring the kidney pad is facing down and
to the upper most position in the PDB.
Place the individual body armor (IBA) and fighting load carrier (FLC) inside the PDB with the
pouches of the FLC facing skyward. If the IBA is rigged with the pouches of the FLC, the IBA will
be placed so that the attached pouches are facing skyward. If the IBA has small arms protective
inserts (SAPI) they may be jumped within the IBA itself, and do not have to be removed and placed
within the main compartment of the MOLLE I or ALICE pack.
Placing the combat load in first with the IBA on top will allow the paratrooper quickest access to
their IBA once on the drop zone. Once the combat load is inside the PDB, bring the opposite side
over the combat load and secure both zippers of the PDB.
Connect the snap hook of the center securing strap. Tighten both ends removing all excess webbing.
The center securing strap must be as tight as possible to ensure that the PDB maintains the smallest
and tightest configuration.
Tighten down both vertical securing straps, located on either side of the center securing strap.
Properly adjusting and tightening these three straps is the key to obtaining the smallest and safest
PDB configuration. Roll or S-fold the free running ends of all three straps and secure them in their
appropriate webbing retainer.
Secure the male and female portions of the lateral securing straps on both sides of the PDB, starting
with the lower lateral securing strap. Tighten both lateral securing straps as much as possible. Roll or
S-fold the excess and secure them in their webbing retainers. The securing strap fasteners should be
on line and as near the zipper as possible. This will prevent the load from shifting within the PDB
and put the PDB into the smallest possible configuration. Ensure the adjustable leg straps are routed
by the most direct route and tightened for transport. S-fold or roll the excess of both the male and
female portions of the leg strap release assemblies and stow the excess in the webbing retainers.
Secure the PDB lowering line or the HPT lowering line to the PDB. To properly attach the PDB
lowering line to the PDB, first route the looped end PDB lowering line through the accessory
attaching ring from bottom to top or top to bottom on the back of the PDB. Then route the entire
PDB lowering line through the looped end PDB lowering line, forming a girth hitch. Tighten the
PDB lowering line so the girth hitch is secured to the accessory attaching ring. Route the PDB
lowering line to the left, then secure the pile tape on the PDB lowering line from top to bottom to the
hook tape inside the permanently sewn retainer flap. The PDB lowering line will be S-folded and
secured in the permanently sewn retainer flap. None of the S-folds may protrude from the ends of the
permanently sewn retainer flap. Secure the sides of the permanently sewn retainer flap over the S-
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October 2013
folds of the PDB lowering line. If you are using the HPT lowering line instead of the PDB lowering
line, there are two acceptable methods to secure the HPT lowering line to the PDB. You will secure
the HPT lowering line to the accessory attaching ring in the same manner as the PDB lowering line.
Now secure the retainer flap of the HPT lowering line to two of the green attaching loops, either both
to the inside or outside of the permanently sewn retainer flap. Secure the HPT Lowering Line with
two Type 64 retainer bands. Ensure the ejector snap HPT lowering line and looped end HPT
lowering line protrude from the same end of the retainer flap. Instead of two retainer bands, you may
also secure the retainer flap of the hook-pile tape lowering line within the permanently sewn retainer
flap on the PDB.
When jumping the PDB and M1950 weapons case as a tandem load, first secure the PDB to the
parachute harness by attaching the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap to the right D-ring or right
replacement D-ring. The snap hook will be to the outside of the right connector snap (as the
outermost item of equipment) with the opening gate of the snap hook facing toward the jumper. The
left adjustable D-ring attaching strap will be attached to the left D-ring or replacement D-ring on the
outside of the left connector snap (as the outermost item of equipment) with the opening gate of the
snap hook facing toward the jumper. Tighten down on the free running ends of the adjustable D-ring
attaching straps, roll or S-fold the excess, and stow in the webbing retainers. When present, the
webbing retainer must be utilized.
Route the ejector snap of the PDB lowering line behind the one ply of reinforced nylon webbing on
the nylon duck M1950 weapons case. Attach the ejector snap to either the left D-ring or replacement
D-ring as the outermost item of equipment, the triangle link, or the accessory attaching ring.
Finally, route the upper tie-down tape around the main body of the M1950 weapons case behind the
main lift web and above the chest strap. Secure it to the lead edge of the M1950 weapons case with a
single or double loop bowknot.
JUMPMASTER PERSONNEL INSPECTION PROCEDURES

9-39. Jumpmaster personnel inspection procedures for a combat-equipped jumper are as follows:
Begin normal sequence of inspection and continue until inspection of the reserve parachute is
complete.
Lift MOLLE I or ALICE pack up high and issue the jumper the command, HOLD. With both hands
form fists with index fingers exposed. Place index fingers on the snap hooks of the adjustable D-ring
attaching straps. Focus attention to the left hand. Conduct a visual inspection to ensure that the snap
hook is not bent, cracked, or corroded, that the opening gate is facing towards the jumper, and that it is
located to the outside of the right connector snap.
Rotate the index finger around and pluck the opening gate for spring tension. Place the index finger on
the black interwoven stitch of the nylon portion of the adjustable D-ring attaching strap and trace it
down until making contact with the triangle link. Ensure the nylon portion is not twisted, cut, torn, or
frayed and the free running end is properly secured in the webbing retainer if applicable.
Continue to trace until making contact with the triangle link. Conduct a visual inspection to ensure that
it is not bent, cracked, or corroded. Trace until making contact with the black attaching loop, ensuring
it is routed from bottom to top through the triangle link. Ensure the white attaching loop is routed from
bottom to top through the black attaching loop, and that the red attaching loop is routed from bottom to
top through the white attaching loop and through the grommet on the female portion leg strap release
assembly. The release handle cable is routed through the red attaching loop and secured in the cable
channel.
Continue to trace down until the index finger comes into contact with the three-point w/w stitch. Leave
the index finger in place. Now focus attention on the right index finger, which should still be on the
snap hook of the adjustable D-ring attaching strap on the jumpers left side. Inspect to ensure it is not
bent, cracked or corroded, that the opening gate is facing toward the jumper, and that it is positioned
between the left connector snap and the snap fastener of the quick-release snap.
Rotate the right index finger around and pluck the opening gate for spring tension. Place the index
finger on the black interwoven stitch of the nylon portion of the adjustable D-ring attaching strap and
trace it down until making contact with the triangle link. Ensure the nylon portion is not twisted, cut,
torn, or frayed, and the free running end is secured in its webbing retainer (if applicable). Ensure the
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9-18
triangle link is not bent, cracked, or corroded. Trace until making contact with the black attaching loop,
ensuring it is routed from bottom to top through the triangle link. Ensure the white attaching loop is
routed from bottom to top through the black attaching loop, and the red attaching loop is routed from
bottom to top through the white attaching loop and grommet on the female portion leg strap release
assembly. The release handle cable is routed through the red attaching loop and secured in the cable
channel. Continue to trace down until the index finger comes into contact with the three-point w/w
stitch.
Conduct a visual inspection to ensure the snap hook of the center securing strap is connected to the
quick fit V-ring, that it is not twisted, cut, torn, or frayed, and the free running ends are secured in their
webbing retainers. With the right thumb and index finger (index finger on top, thumb on bottom), peel
up on the release handle. Inspect to ensure the release handle is properly routed through the release
handle cross strap and secured by the hook and pile tape. Ensure the release handle cable is routed
through the release handle cross strap, and the release handle is not twisted, reversed, or upside down.
Simultaneously inspect the center securing strap to ensure it is not misrouted through the release
handle cross strap. With the right index finger, form a hook and tug out on the release handle lanyard
to ensure it is not twisted, cut, torn, frayed, or routed under any other item of equipment.
Secure the sides of the PDB and lift it up and out and issue the jumper the command, HOLD. Jumpers
will secure the PDB by the lower lateral securing strap and hold it up high. Place the index finger of
the right hand in the vicinity of the girth hitch of the PDB lowering line
Conduct an inspection of the looped end PDB lowering line to ensure it has been girth hitched to the
accessory attaching ring. Trace the PDB lowering line until coming into contact with the lower end of
the permanently sewn retainer flap. Conduct a visual inspection to ensure it is secured and none of the
S-folds are protruding from the end of the permanently sewn retainer flap.
Continue to trace the permanently sewn retainer flap to ensure there are no rips, holes, or tears, and
that at least 50 percent of the hook tape is secured to the pile tape until reaching the upper end of the
permanently sewn retainer flap. When utilizing the HPT lowering line, ensure it is secured by two
retainer bands or the permanently sewn retainer flap. Ensure no S-folds are protruding and the hook
and pile tabs are secured.
Continue the inspection of the PDB lowering line where it protrudes from the lower end of the
permanently sewn retainer flap. Trace the PDB lowering line, ensuring it is secured by the hook and
pile tabs, and that is free of any twists, cuts, or frays. Trace as far as possible behind the M1950
weapons case. Check to ensure that the PDB lowering line is routed between the reinforced nylon
webbing and the main body of the M1950 weapons case. Route the left hand over the right forearm
and secure the trail edge of the M1950 weapons case and pull it forward. Remove the right hand and
continue the inspection of the PDB lowering line with the right index finger until reaching the ejector
snap PDB lowering line. Visually inspect to ensure the yellow safety lanyard is present and it is
constructed of 1 inch wide yellow, tubular, nylon webbing. Form a fist around the ejector snap. Inspect
to ensure that it is not bent, cracked, or corroded. Conduct an inspection to ensure that it is properly
secured to the accessory attaching ring, the triangle link, D-ring or replacement D-ring as the
outermost item of equipment on the T-10 D parachute harness. Rotate the thumb up and seat the
activating lever to ensure it properly seats. Tug it to ensure it is properly secured to the parachute
harness. Rotate the ejector snap turn to the outside and inspect to ensure the small tooth is present on
the opening gate and is facing towards the jumper.
Move to the front of the jumper and issue the jumper the command, SQUAT. Continue normal
sequence of inspection. Once both leg straps and the aviators kit bag have been inspected, secure the
sides of the PDB, and issue the jumper the command, RECOVER. Jumpers will pick up on the reserve
parachute, and JMs simply allow the PDB to rotate back into position.
Continue normal sequence of inspection of the jumper until issuing the seal of approval. Route the
adjustable leg straps in the same manner as the HSPR. For the left paratroop door, the left adjustable
leg strap will be routed around the M1950 weapons case only. The right adjustable leg strap will be
routed around the right leg. For the right paratroop door, the left adjustable leg strap will be routed
around the left leg and the M1950 weapons case. The right adjustable leg strap will remain secured to
the female portion leg strap release assembly.
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MODULAR LIGHTWEIGHT LOAD-CARRYING EQUIPMENT PACK

9-40. Rigging and JMPI procedures for the MOLLE I pack are described below.
RIGGING PROCEDURES
9-41. Rigging procedures include preparing the MOLLE I pack for rigging and securing the HSPR to the
MOLLE I pack.
Prepare
9-42. When jumping special items of equipment (60-mm modified M1950 weapons case, AT4JP, PJP, SMJP,
or side-mount AIRPAC) or any other equipment that exceeds 30 inches in width, either empty the outer pockets
or remove them and place them inside the MOLLE I pack. Prepare the MOLLE I pack for rigging as follows:
Remove the excess slack from both adjustable shoulder straps.
Secure all excess webbing (roll and tape).
Attach two retainer bands to the left side of the frame.
Ensure that there is M249 pouch or E-tool carrier placed on the front of the MOLLE I.
Secure
9-43. Secure the HSPR to the MOLLE I pack. Both sides of the HSPR are prepared in the same manner. Secure
the HSPR to the MOLLE I pack as follows:
Place the HSPR on a smooth flat surface with the attaching loops facing up and the equipment
retainer straps toward the jumper. Remove all twists or turns from the equipment retainer straps and
the male portion leg strap release assembly.
Route the release handle assembly between the two plies of the release handle cross strap from
bottom to top (release handle cable first). Secure the release handle assembly in place with the hookpile tape.
Place the adjustable D-ring attaching strap alongside the HSPR so the opening gate of the snap hook
is facing downward and the triangle link is over the white attaching loop.
Route the white attaching loop from bottom to top through the triangle link; route the green attaching
loop from bottom to top through the white attaching loop; route the red attaching loop from bottom
to top through the green attaching loop and then through the grommet on the female portion of the
leg strap release assembly. Ensure the cable loop retainer is facing upward.
Route the release handle cable through the red attaching loop and the cable loop retainer.
Rotate the HSPR over (so the bottom is on top) and remove all twists and turns. Ensure all running
ends of webbing on the MOLLE I pack are properly secured with an elastic keeper or retainer band.
With the frame side facing up, place the MOLLE I pack upside down with the bottom of the pack
toward the adjustable D-ring attaching straps on the HSPR.
Route the equipment retainer straps through the carrying strap on the top of the pack (bottom, as
rigged), under the top horizontal support of the frame (between the shoulder straps), and over the
back pad. Cross the retainer straps forming an X pattern at the back of the MOLLE I pack.
From the bottom of the MOLLE I pack (top, as rigged), route the two friction adapters between the
frame and the waist belt. Secure the retainer straps to their appropriate friction adapter. Form a quick
release in each equipment retainer strap.
Adjust the HSPR before tightening. On the front of the MOLLE I pack, ensure the equipment
retainer straps are routed on each side of the pouch. Ensure the white attaching loops are in line with
the center of the bottom portion of the MOLLE I pack (top, as rigged).
Tighten the equipment retainer straps by pulling on the lower looped portion of the quick releases
using a see saw method. After tightening, ensure the quick releases are accessible for the JM to
inspect during JMPI.
Adjust the length of the quick releases so they are no shorter than two fingers width and no longer
than three fingers width.
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S-fold and secure the equipment retainer straps with masking tape or retainer bandsalways one,
never both. Do not secure the quick releases to the S-folds.
Route the male portion of the leg strap release assembly from the point where it is sewn to the
equipment retainer strap by the most direct route down the side of the MOLLE I pack and attach it to
the female portion of the leg strap release assembly forming the adjustable leg strap.
Tighten and S-fold, or roll, the excess webbing and secure in the webbing retainer. Tighten both
adjustable shoulder carrying straps and secure excess webbing.
Secure any exposed items with quarter-inch cotton webbing, or tape.
Bend each side of the waist belt toward the frame and secure to the frame with a retainer band or
quarter-inch cotton webbing.
Inspect
9-44. After the JM has completed the inspection of the reserve parachute, he lifts up on the reserve parachute
and issues the command, HOLD. He then inspects the MOLLE I pack as follows:
With the left hand, secure the snap hook on the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap. With the right
hand, secure the snap hook on the left adjustable D-ring attaching strap. Begin the inspection with the
right adjustable D-ring attaching strap.
Look at the snap hook to ensure that the opening gate is facing the jumpers body and is the
outermost item on the right D-ring. With the left index finger, finger the opening gate to ensure that it
is properly secured to the right D-ring, and it has spring tension.
With the left thumb, flip the free running end of the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap out of the
way.
With the index and middle finger of the left hand behind the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap,
trace down the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap until contact is made with the white attaching
loop, ensuring that strap is not twisted, cut, or frayed.
Once contact is made with the white attaching loop, bypass the triangle link and pick up the
inspection of the white attaching loop in front of the triangle link. With the left index finger, trace
down the attaching loops to ensure that the white attaching loop is routed from bottom to top through
the triangle link, the green attaching loop is routed from bottom to top through the white attaching
loop, and the red attaching loop is routed from the bottom to the top through the green attaching loop
and then through the grommet in the female portion of the leg strap release assembly. The only way
to ensure that the red attaching loop has been routed properly is to pull back on the female portion of
the leg strap release assembly and look behind it.
Place the left index finger on the single X boxed stitch on the release handle cross strap just below
the female portion of the leg strap release assembly. Look at the release handle cable where it comes
out of the release handle cross strap to ensure that it is routed through the red attaching loop and is
secured in the cable loop retainer.
Leave the left hand in place and focus attention on the right hand and left adjustable D-ring attaching
strap. Inspect it in the same manner.
Once the inspection of the left adjustable D-ring attaching strap has been completed, focus attention
on the release handle. With the right hand, gently pick up on the release handle assembly and ensure
it has been routed through the two plies of the release handle cross strap and is secured by the hook
pile tab provided.
Form fist with both hands index fingers exposed and place them on the single X boxed stitch.
Simultaneously trace down the equipment retainer straps to the outside of the pouch of the MOLLE I
pack until contact is made with the adjustable cross strap.
Leave the left hand in place. With the right hand grasp the free running end of the adjustable cross
strap and give it a sharp tug to the jumpers left, ensuring all of the slack has been taken out of the
adjustable cross strap.
Continue to trace down the equipment retainer straps until the fingers fall off the bottom.
9-20
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October 2013
Raise the MOLLE I pack up and visually inspect the equipment retainer straps to ensure they are
routed through the top carrying strap, under the top horizontal support frame, and over the back pad.
Then issue the next command, HOLD.
Reform fists with both hands, index fingers exposed, and place them on the equipment retainer straps
where they reemerge under the support frame on top of the back pad. Simultaneously trace down the
equipment retainer straps bypassing the girth hitch formed by the hook-pile tape lowering line, and
trace all the way down to the friction adapters. Look at the friction adapters to ensure that the
equipment retainer straps have been properly routed through them.
Simultaneously place the index and middle finger of each hand on top of the two to three finger
width quick releases in the equipment retainer straps to ensure that they are no more than three
fingers width and no less than two fingers width.
Simultaneously look at them to ensure the retainer straps are S-folded (or accordion folded) and
secured by at least two turns of a retainer band or masking tapealways one, never boththen
lightly tap with the index fingers to ensure they are secure.
Next, form Os with thumbs and index fingers around the lower portions of the adjustable shoulder
carrying straps to ensure they are secure, and the free running ends of the adjustable shoulder
carrying straps are S-folded (or accordion folded) and secured with a retainer band or masking tape
always one, never both. Then with index fingers, lightly tap them to ensure they are secured.
HOOK-PILE TAPE LOWERING LINE

9-45. Inspect the hook-pile tape lowering line as follows:
Place left hand behind back. With the right hand form a fist with index finger exposed and place it
next to the girth hitch. Look at the girth hitch to ensure it is properly secured to the X formed by
the equipment retainer straps, from north to south, and is centered on the back pad.
Place the right index finger on the hook-pile tape lowering line. Begin tracing the hook-pile tape
lowering line to ensure it is routed over the left adjustable shoulder carrying strap. Continue to trace
the hook-pile tape lowering line until contact is made with the first hook tab.
Ensure the first hook tab is properly secured and no folds of the hook-pile tape lowering line are
protruding out of the retainer flaps. Continue to trace down the hook-pile tape lowering line ensuring
it is secured to the frame of the MOLLE I pack by a retainer band on each end of the retainer flap.
Continue tracing the hook-pile tape lowering line until contact is made with the second hook tab to
ensure it is properly secured and no folds of the hook-pile tape lowering line are protruding out of the
retainer flaps. Continue to trace the hook-pile tape lowering line until it disappears behind the nylon
chafe on the M1950 weapons case.
Release the hook-pile tape lowering line with the left hand and grasp the trail edge of the M1950
weapons case and pull it forward.
With the right index finger, continue the inspection of the hook-pile tape lowering line on the
backside of the nylon chafe and trace it up to its point of attachment.
Once the hook-pile tape lowering line has been traced to its point of attachment, look at the ejector
snap to ensure the opening gate is facing the jumpers body. With the right thumb, press in on the
activating lever to ensure that it is properly seated over the ball detent and free of all foreign matter.
Visually inspect the yellow safety lanyard to ensure it is present, serviceable and has not been wired,
tied, or taped down.
Ensure the ejector snap of the HPT lowering line is secured to the triangle link.
Move back to the front of the jumper, issue the command, SQUAT, and inspect the remainder of the
jumper in the same manner as a Hollywood jumper.
JUMPMASTER PERSONNEL INSPECTION SEQUENCE FOR AIRPAC

9-46. The JM inspects the AIRPAC as follows:
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9-21
Chapter 9
Note. This JMPI sequence is for the front-mounted AIRPAC when jumped with a M1950 weapons
case.
9-22
Place the left hand on the snap hook for the right D-ring attaching strap and the right hand on the
snap hook for the left D-ring attaching strap. Leave the right hand in place and focus attention on the
left hand and the right D-ring attaching strap.
With the index finger of the left hand, finger the opening gate to ensure it has spring tension and is
properly attached to the right D-ring to the outside of the connector snap. Place the index and middle
finger of the left hand from outside to inside behind the nylon portion of the D-ring attaching strap
and trace down until the middle finger makes contact with the circular ring, ensuring the strap is not
twisted, cut, or frayed.
Bypass the circular ring and place the index finger on the red attaching loop. Visually inspect the
circular release ring to ensure it has been routed through the circular ring and folded back against the
nylon portion of the D-ring attaching strap. Ensure the red attaching loop has been routed bottom to
top through the circular release ring and then through the grommet on the female portion of the leg
strap release assembly. With the thumb and index finger, peel back on either the top or bottom corner
of the female portion of the leg strap release assembly to further ensure the red attaching loop has
been properly routed.
Place the left index finger on the single X boxed stitch just below the circular ring. Conduct a
visual inspection of the release handle cable to ensure it is properly routed under both plies of the
release handle cross strap and through the red attaching loop. Conduct the same inspection on the left
D-ring attaching strap.
Leave the left index finger in place and, with the right hand, gently lift up on the release handle to
ensure it has been properly routed under both plies of the release handle cross strap and has been
secured by the hook pile tabs.
Form a knife edge with both hands, palms facing each other, and place them on the outer edge of the
equipment retainer straps. Simultaneously trace down the equipment retainer straps until contact is
made with the friction adapters. Leaving both hands in place, look at the friction adapters, ensuring
the equipment retainer straps have been properly routed through them and the free running ends are
secured by means of the webbing retainers.
With either hand, carefully open the circular closing flap and hold it up and out of the way. This hand
is now the control hand. Place the index finger of the working hand on the single X boxed stitch on
the 6 oclock set of equipment retainer straps. Visually inspect both friction adapters to ensure the
free running ends of the equipment retainer straps are properly routed through them and are secured
by means of the webbing retainers.
Conduct the same inspection for the 9 oclock and 3 oclock set of friction adapters. Place the index
finger of the working hand on the eyelet of the cotter pin.
Ensure the white grommet securing loop has been routed through all three grommets, is not cut or
frayed, and has been secured by the cotter pin.
Close the circular closing flap, lift the AIRPAC to the jumper, and issue the command, HOLD.
With the left hand, grasp the hook-pile tape lowering line, palm facing the JM. Pull up if the short
bridal is attached horizontally, or to the jumpers left if it is attached vertically.
Insert the index finger and middle finger of the right hand, from the jumpers left to right, behind the
locking D-ring. Ensure that it is properly attached to the triangle link and is locked into place.
Trace up the short bridal, ensuring it is not twisted, cut, or frayed, until contact is made with the girth
hitch of the hook-pile tape lowering line.
Place the right index finger on the girth hitch, ensuring the cotton buffer is present.
Place the index finger and middle finger of the right hand from the jumpers left to right behind the
short bridal on the opposite side of the girth hitch. Trace the short bridal until contact is made with
the triangle link, ensuring it is not twisted, cut, or frayed, paying special attention to the point of
attachment at the triangle link.
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October 2013
Leave the left hand in place and put the index finger of the right hand on the hook-pile tape lowering
line where it emerges from the lowering line stow pocket. Ensure no excess of the hook-pile tape
lowering line is protruding from the retainer flap. Trace the hook-pile tape lowering line until the
index finger disappears behind the nylon chaff portion of the M1950 weapons case ensuring it is not
cut, frayed, or burned.
Leave the right index finger in place, and with the left hand, grasp the trail edge of the M1950
weapons case and pull it toward JM. Remove the right index finger and rotate it around to the
backside of the M1950 weapons case and continue the inspection of the hook-pile tape lowering line
where it emerges from the nylon chaffing.
Trace the hook-pile tape lowering line to its point of attachment.
With the thumb of the right hand, push in on the activating lever of the ejector snap to ensure it is
properly seated over the ball detent. Ensure it is free of any foreign matter, and the opening gate is
facing the jumpers body.
With the thumb and index finger of the right hand, pinch off the yellow safety lanyard and trace it
until fingers fall off the end, ensuring it is not wired, tied, or taped.
Move to the front of the jumper and issue the command, SQUAT.
TECHNICAL INSPECTION FOR SIDE-MOUNT AIRPAC

9-47. The side-mount container is technically inspected and attached at the 20-minute time warning, and
includes the following tasks:
Note. Five to six finger quick releases will depend on the item of equipment inside the side-mount
AIRPAC.
Ensure all visible container retaining straps are properly secured to their appropriate friction adapter.
(All visible container retaining straps have a five to six finger quick release.)
Ensure the free running ends of the container retaining straps are S-folded and secured to the quickrelease loop by two turns of a retainer band.
Ensure the slide fastener is secure.
Ensure there is no excess in the fabric flap.
Ensure packing material is present, if required for particular weapon system.
M82 MEDIC JUMP PACK

9-48. Inspect the M82 medic jump pack (MJP) as follows:
With the left hand, secure the snap hook for the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap. With the right
hand, secure the snap hook for the left adjustable D-ring attaching strap.
Begin the inspection with the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap. Look at the snap hook to ensure
that the opening gate is facing the jumpers body and is the outermost item on the right D-ring. With
the left index finger, finger the opening gate to ensure it is properly secured to the right D-ring and
has spring tension. With the left thumb, flip the free running end of the right adjustable D-ring
attaching strap out of the way.
With the index and middle finger of the left hand behind the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap,
trace down the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap until contact is made with the white attaching
loop, ensuring it is not twisted, cut, or frayed.
Once contact is made with the white attaching loop, bypass the triangle link and continue the
inspection of the white attaching loop in front of the triangle link. With the left index finger, trace
down the attaching loops to ensure the white attaching loop is routed from bottom to top through the
triangle link; the green attaching loop is routed from bottom to top through the white attaching loop;
and the red attaching loop is routed from the bottom to top through the green attaching loop and then
through the grommet in the female portion of the leg strap release assembly.
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9-23
Chapter 9
9-24
Pull back on the female portion of the leg strap release assembly and look behind it to further ensure
the red attaching loop is routed properly. Place the index finger of the left hand on the single X
boxed stitch on the release handle cross strap just below the female portion of the leg strap release
assembly.
Look at the release handle cable where it comes out of the release handle cross strap to ensure it is
routed through the red attaching loop protruding out of the grommet in the female portion of the leg
strap release assembly and is secured in the cable loop retainer.
Leave the left hand in place and focus attention on the right hand and the left adjustable D-ring
attaching strap and inspect it in the same manner.
After inspecting the left adjustable D-ring attaching strap, focus attention on the release handle. With
the right hand, gently pick up on the release handle and ensure that it has been routed through the two
plies of the release handle cross strap and is secured by the hook pile tab provided.
Form a knife edge with each hand, palms facing each other, and place them on the equipment retainer
straps. Simultaneously trace down the equipment retainer straps until contact is made with the
adjustable cross strap. Once contact has been made with the adjustable cross strap, leave the left hand
in place.
With the right hand, grasp the free running end of the adjustable cross strap and give it a sharp tug to
the jumpers left ensuring that all slack has been taken out the adjustable cross strap.
Raise the M82 to the jumper and issue the command, HOLD.
Reform knife edges with each hand, palms facing each other, and place them on the equipment
retainer straps where they come out of the cushioned envelope on the top of the M82.
Simultaneously, with both hands, trace down the equipment retainer straps, bypassing the girth hitch
formed by the hook-pile tape lowering line and trace all the way down to the friction adapters.
Look at the friction adapters to ensure the equipment retainer straps have been properly routed
through them. Place the index and middle fingers of each hand on top of the two to three finger quick
releases in the equipment retainer straps to ensure they are not more than three fingers and no less
than two. Simultaneously pick up the free running ends of the equipment retainer straps and ensure
they are S-folded (or accordion folded) and have not been rolled. Ensure they are secured by two
turns of a retainer band.
With the left hand (palm facing the M82, thumb down), grasp the hook-pile tape lowering line just
above the girth hitch.
Look at, and pull up on, the girth hitch to ensure it is properly routed south to north through the X
formed by the equipment retainer straps.
Place the right hand index finger on the hook-pile tape lowering line directly beside the control hand.
Begin tracing the hook-pile tape lowering line ensuring it is routed over the left adjustable shoulder
carrying strap. Trace the hook-pile tape lowering line until contact is made with the first hook tab.
Ensure the first hook tab is properly secured and no folds of the hook-pile tape lowering line protrude
from the retainer flap.
Continue to trace down the hook-pile tape lowering line ensuring it is secured to the tubular portion
of the frame by retainer bands. Continue tracing the hook-pile tape lowering line until contact is
made with the second hook tab. Ensure the second hook tab is properly secured and no folds of the
hook-pile tape lowering line protrude from the retainer flap. Continue to trace the hook-pile tape
lowering line until the right index finger disappears behind all three plies of nylon chaffing on the
M1950 weapons case.
Release the hook-pile tape lowering line with the left hand and grasp the trailing edge of the M1950
weapons case and pull it forward.
With the right index finger, pick up the hook-pile tape lowering line on the back side of the three
plies of nylon chaffing and trace it to its point of attachment. Look at the ejector snap to ensure the
opening gate faces the jumpers body.
With the right thumb, press in on the activating lever to ensure it is properly seated over the ball
detent and free of foreign matter.
With the right index finger and thumb, pinch off the yellow safety lanyard and trace down to ensure
it is serviceable and has not been wired, tied, or taped down.
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October 2013
Move back to the front of the jumper and inspect the remainder of the jumper in the same manner as
a Hollywood jumper.
SECTION III JUMPMASTER PERSONNEL INSPECTION T-11 AND MC-6

9-49. The PJM is responsible for the inspection of his parachutists before an airborne operation. Only by a
complete and systematic equipment inspection of each parachutist can the PJM ensure that personnel aboard his
aircraft are safe to jump.
PREPARE THE JUMPER FOR INSPECTION

9-50. Prior to inspecting the jumper, the JM will prepare the him for inspection.
The JM will move behind the jumper and open the main curved pin protector flap. Next, disconnect
the universal static line snap hook from the right outer static line stow bar; ensure the spring opening
gate has spring tension. The JM will remove all excess USLM from the static line slack retainer band
on the static line slack retainer loop, remove all twist and route the USLM over the shoulder
corresponding with the door the jumper is to exit.
The JM will secure the universal static line snap hook to the carrying handle of the T-11 reserve
parachute, with the spring opening gate facing the jumper. Finally, the JM will remove the top and
bottom tuck tabs, taking care to ensure that both side tuck tabs remain secure. If the side tuck tabs
become unsecure, the JM will notify a rigger.
The JM may now begin his inspection. After the JM has completed his JM personnel inspection, the
JM will place the jumper into jump configuration.
Note. If jumping MC-6, JM will identify blue confluence wrap on both riser assemblies
BALLISTIC HELMET (FRONT)

9-51. The JM will secure the universal static line snap hook to the carrying handle of the T-11 reserve
parachute, with the spring opening gate facing the jumper. Finally, the JM will remove the top and bottom tuck
tabs, taking care to ensure that both side tuck tabs remain secure. If the side tuck tabs become unsecure, the JM
will notify a rigger. The JM may now begin his inspection. The JM then proceeds as follows:
Place both hands on the rim of the ballistic helmet, on the extreme right side, fingers extended and
joined, palms facing the parachutist. Using the right hand as the working hand and the left hand as
the control hand, trace across the rim of the ballistic helmet with the working hand to the opposite
side of the ballistic helmet, inspecting for any sharp or protruding edges that may damage or cut the
static line during aircraft exit. Once the hands are parallel, insert the thumb of each hand under the
rim and feel for the locking nuts to ensure they are present and secured.
Gently tilt the parachutists head back and look at the headband. Ensure the smooth leather portion is
toward the parachutists head and the openings of the attaching clips are down, visible, and secured.
Place the right index finger on the pull the dot fastener with tab. Ensure it is a serviceable pull the dot
fastener by ensuring there are four plies of nylon, three of which must run through the snap portion,
and it is secured.
Bypass the pull the dot fastener with tab and trace down to the point of attachment for the chin strap.
Ensure the chin strap is properly routed through the adjusting buckle, and the parachutist retention
strap is routed around the long continuous portion of the chin strap and under the adjusting buckle,
with the pile portion of the parachutist retention strap away from the jumpers face.
Continue to trace the long continuous portion of the chin strap down under the parachutists chin and
back up to the point of attachment on the opposite side, and conduct the same inspection.
Finally, trace the inside of the nylon portion of the adjusting buckle until making contact with the left
thumb, which is still on the locking nut. Trace the short, sewn portion of the chin strap across the
front of the parachutists chin. Drop both hands.
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9-25
Chapter 9
ADVANCED COMBAT HELMET (FRONT)

9-52. The ACH is the programmed replacement for the ballistic helmet. It is compatible with NVDs and
chemical defense equipment, allows maximum sensory and situational awareness, provides an unobstructed
field of view, and increases ambient hearing capabilities. With proper sizing, the ACH retention and suspension
system provides balance, stability, comfort, fit, ventilation, and superior impact protection throughout all static
line airborne operational scenarios. The JM will secure the universal static line snap hook to the carrying handle
of the T-11 reserve parachute, with the spring opening gate facing the jumper. Finally, the JM will remove the
top and bottom tuck tabs, taking care to ensure that both side tuck tabs remain secure. If the side tuck tabs
become unsecure the JM will notify a rigger. The JM may now begin his inspection. The JM inspects the ACH
as follows:
9-53. The JM will place both hands, fingers and thumbs extended and joined, pointing skyward, palms facing
the jumper on the right side of the ACH. The left hand is the control hand; the right hand is the working hand.
With the working hand trace across the rim of the ACH feeling for any sharp or protruding edges that may cut
or damage the jumpers USLM upon exiting the aircraft. Once the hands are parallel place the thumbs on the
rim of the ACH and tilt the jumpers head to the rear. Conduct a visual inspection to ensure the three suspension
pads are present and the two oval pads are covering the bolt ends.
9-54. Place the right index finger on the left adjustable buckle, to ensure it is free of all cracked components, is
serviceable, the left adjustable strap is properly routed through it and the free running end is secured in the
webbing retainer. Trace the left adjustable strap down. Ensure it is not twisted, cut or frayed to the chinstrap
fastener, ensure it is free of all cracked components and properly secured. Trace the long portion chinstrap,
under the jumpers chin to ensure it is not twisted, cut or frayed, to where it is sewn into the right adjustable
strap. Trace the right adjustable strap up, ensure it is not twisted, cut or frayed, to the right adjustable buckle.
Ensure it is free of all cracked components, it is serviceable, the right adjustable strap is properly routed through
it, and the free running end is secured in the webbing retainer. With the right index finger, trace the short
portion chinstrap across the front of the jumpers chin, ensure it is not twisted, cut or frayed and drop both
hands.

9-55. The next items of equipment for inspection are the canopy release assemblies. These are like items of
equipment so either one can be inspected first; however, for this talk through, start with the canopy release
assembly opposite the USLM. Since the USLM is routed over the jumpers right shoulder, begin the inspection
with the jumpers left canopy release assembly:
Look at the left canopy release assembly and tap it with the knuckles of the right hand one time to
ensure that it sounds solid.
Note. Jumpers, this is the key to place both hands on the ACH.
9-26
With the right hand, form a knife cutting edge, fingers extended and joined, palm facing inward, and
insert it behind the main lift web just below the canopy release assembly. Place the right thumb on
the outside corner of the canopy release assembly, and rotate it 1/4 turn to the outside.
With head and eyes approximately 6 to 8 inches away, conduct a visual inspection to ensure the male
fitting canopy release assembly is properly secured by the female fitting canopy release assembly,
and properly secured by the latch.
Ensure the cable loop is properly secured by the safety clip and the canopy release assembly is free
of all dirt or foreign material that will keep it from seating completely. Let the canopy release
assembly return back to its normal position. Keep right hand in place.
The USLM is routed over the jumpers right shoulder. With the left hand, secure the USLM and
rotate it over to the right thumb and secure it in place. Look at the right canopy release assembly; tap
it with the knuckles of the left hand one time to ensure that it sounds solid.
With the left hand, form a knife cutting edge, fingers extended and joined palm facing inward and
insert it behind the main lift web just below the canopy release assemblies. Place your left thumb on
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
the outside corner of the canopy release assembly and rotate it a quarter turn to the outside, and
conduct the same inspection. Now let the canopy release assembly return back to its normal position.
MAIN LIFT WEB

9-56. The JM inspects the main lift web next by taking the following actions:
Leave the right hand in place. Look at the left hand and the right main lift web. First make note of
which of the three sizes the main lift web is configured. Keep this in mind and ensure the main lift
web tuck tab assembly is properly assembled and the snap fastener is secure.
With the left hand, trace down the main lift web, ensure it is not twisted, cut, or frayed, until you
make contact with the main lift web adjuster.
Leave the left hand in place. Look at the right hand and conduct the same inspection. Ensure the left
main lift web tuck tab assembly is in the same location as the right main lift web tuck tab assembly.
Leave the right hand in place.
CHEST STRAP
9-57. The JM inspects the chest strap by taking the following actions:
Look at the chest strap to ensure that it is not misrouted around the left main lift web. With the left
hand palm facing the reserve parachute, grasp the carrying handle and lift up and out.
Insert the right hand, fingers and thumb extended and joined, fingers pointing down, palm facing
inward from top to bottom behind the chest strap, next to where it is sewn into the left main lift web.
Trace the chest strap, ensuring it is not twisted, cut, or frayed, until making contact with the chest
strap friction adapter.
Visually inspect to ensure it has a two to three finger quick release that is secured in its webbing
retainer, the free running end has been S folded or accordion folded, not rolled, and secured in its
webbing retainer with the tab portion towards the chest strap friction adapter.
Continue to trace the chest strap, ensure it is not twisted, cut or frayed, next to where it is sewn into
the right main lift web. Leave the right hand in place.
WAISTBAND
9-58. The JM begins inspecting the waistband by moving to the right side of the parachutist and by taking the
following actions:
Remove the left hand, move to the right side. Insert the left hand, fingers and thumb extended and
joined, fingers pointing skyward, palm facing the JM, from bottom to the top behind the waistband
next to where it is sewn to the pack tray.
Look at the waistband where it is sewn to the pack tray to ensure it is secured to the pack tray by a
box X stitch, with at least 50 percent of the stitching present.
Trace the waistband forward, ensure it is not twisted, cut, frayed; been misrouted behind the
horizontal backstrap or right main lift web. Continue tracing the waistband forward until the right
waistband retainer rests in the palm. Leave the left hand in place.
Remove the right hand from behind the chest strap and insert it, fingers and thumb extended and
joined, fingers pointing skyward, palm facing inward, from bottom to top behind the reserve
parachute so the left waistband retainer rests in the palm of the right hand. Make finger tip to finger
tip contact, and conduct a physical inspection to ensure the waistband is not twisted and has been
routed through both waistband retainers. Leave the left hand in place.
With the right hand continue to trace the waistband back. Ensure it is not twisted, cut, frayed and has
not been misrouted behind the left main lift web, until the metal adjuster rests in the palm of the right
hand.
Remove the left hand from behind the reserve parachute and insert the index and middle fingers from
top to bottom into the quick release formed by the waistband. Ensure it is no more than three fingers,
no less than two, and it is not a false quick release.
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Remove the index and middle fingers from the quick release and with the index finger and thumb
pinch off the free running end of the waistband where it emerges from the metal adjuster. Trace the
free running end of the waistband to ensure it is not cut, torn, or frayed and is easily accessible to the
jumper until the fingers fall off the end.
With the left hand palm facing the reserve parachute, grasp the carrying handle, and look at the right
hand and the waistband adjuster panel.
With the right hand trace the waistband adjuster panel back, ensure it is not twisted, cut, or frayed,
and has not been misrouted behind the horizontal backstrap to where it is sewn to the pack tray.
Ensure it is properly secured to the pack tray by a box X stitch, with at least 50 percent of the
stitching present.
T-11 RESERVE PARACHUTE

9-59. The JM begins the inspection of the reserve by removing his right hand and moves in front of the jumper.
Connector Snap
9-60. Inspect the connector snap by taking the following actions:
Look at the left connector snap. with the index finger of the right hand, finger the opening gate one
time to ensure it is properly secured to the left D-ring, has spring tension, has not been safe tied, and
the opening gate is facing the jumper with the butterfly portion to the outside.
With the left hand, lift up and out on the carrying handle. Conduct a visual inspection of the
connector snap retaining tie to ensure it is serviceable, then visually inspect the left spreader bar tie to
ensure it is properly routed through both grommets and is secured with a surgeons knot locking knot
with overhand knots.
With the right index finger, conduct a physical and visual inspection to ensure an Army Parachute
Log record is present. Remove the left hand. With the right hand palm facing the reserve parachute,
grasp the carrying handle and lift up and out.
Conduct the same inspection of the right connector snap retaining tie, right spreader bar tie and the
right connector snap. Remove the right hand.
With the left hand, form a knife cutting edge, palm facing inward, and sweep the carrying handle and
universal static line snap hook towards the jumper. Place the left thumb on the top right corner of the
rip cord assembly and apply inward pressure. Conduct a visual inspection of the top tuck tab to
ensure a directional arrow is present and pointing skyward. With the thumb and index finger of the
right hand, pinch off the top tuck tab. Gently pull it down. Take care to ensure the side tuck tabs
remain secure. Expose the curved pin and reserve closing loop.
Place the left thumb on top of the top tuck tab and apply inward pressure. Place the right index
finger on the upper portion of the curved pin and trace it down ensuring it is not bent, cracked or
corroded and is properly routed through the reserve closing loop, to its point of attachment the
curved pin lanyard. Leave the right index finger in place. Conduct a visual inspection of the reserve
closing loop to ensure it is not cut, frayed or burned and the curved pin is not puncturing it in any
manner. Conduct a visual inspection of the grommet to ensure it is not bent, cracked or corroded.
Insert the index finger of the right hand from top to bottom behind the rip cord assembly and trace
down the curved pin lanyard to ensure is not twisted, cut, or frayed, and it is properly attached to the
rip cord assembly by reinforced stitching. Withdraw the right index finger.
With the thumb and index finger of the right hand, pinch off the bottom tuck tab and gently lift it up.
Take care to ensure the side tuck tabs remains secure. Expose the curved pin and reserve closing
loop. Place the left thumb on top of the bottom tuck tab, apply inward pressure. Place the right index
finger on the lower portion of the curved pin and trace it up ensure it is not bent, cracked or corroded
and is properly routed through the reserve closing loop, to its point of attachment the curved pin
lanyard. Leave the right index finger in place.
Conduct a visual inspection of the reserve closing loop to ensure it is not cut, frayed or burned and
the curved pin is not puncturing it in any manner. Conduct a visual inspection of the grommet to
ensure it is not bent, cracked or corroded.
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Insert the index finger of the right hand from bottom to top behind the rip cord assembly and trace up
the curved pin lanyard to ensure it is not twisted, cut or frayed, and it is properly attached to the rip
cord assembly by reinforced stitching. Withdraw the right index finger.
An overall inspection of the reserve parachute must be conducted to ensure it is free of grease, oil,
dirt, mud, tears and exposed canopy. Place both hands fingers and thumbs extended and joined palms
facing the reserve parachute on the top right corner. The left hand is the control hand and the right
hand is the working hand. With the head and eyes 6 to 8 inches from the working hand trace across
the top pack closing flap, down the left pack closing flap, across the bottom pack closing flap, turn
the working hand over and trace up the right pack closing flap until skin-to-skin contact is made with
the control hand. Raise the control hand up out of the way and trace where the control hand had been.
Raise the reserve parachute to the jumper and issue the command, HOLD SQUAT.
LEG STRAPS
9-61. An inspection of the leg straps must be conducted by taking the following actions:
Insert the index and middle finger of each hand from outside to inside, behind the leg straps, below
the aviators kit bag where the natural pocket is formed. Simultaneously slide both hands back
towards the saddle, to ensure the leg straps are not crossed. Leave the right hand in place.
With the left hand, trace the right leg strap up, ensuring it is not twisted, cut, or frayed, until contact
is made with the quick fit V-Ring. With the thumb, press in on the activating lever of the ejector snap
to ensure it is properly seated over the ball detent and is free of foreign matter.
Leave the left hand in place and look at the left leg strap. With the right hand trace the left leg strap
up ensure it is not twisted, cut, or frayed, and it is properly routed through the exposed carrying
handle of the aviators kit bag, over the bottom and under the top, until contact is made with the
quick fit V-ring. With the right thumb or index finger, press in on the activating lever of the ejector
snap to ensure it is properly seated over the ball detent, and is free of foreign matter.
Conduct a visual inspection to ensure the aviators kit bag is present, has not been reversed and the
re-enforced sewn portion is facing away from the jumper.
Once satisfied with the inspection, stand up in front of your jumper.
Note. Hollywood jumpers will automatically recover.
UNIVERSAL STATIC LINE MODIFIED

9-62. Inspect the USLM by taking the following actions:
With the right hand grasp the universal static line snap hook. Pull up on the universal static line snap
hook to ensure it is secured to the carrying handle. Open the right hand and let the universal static
line snap hook rest in the palm.
Place the index finger of the left hand on the girth hitch of the USLM. Ensure the green ID marking
thread is present and the girth hitch has not been reversed. Place the index finger of the left hand in
the vicinity of the rivet pin, to ensure it is present and free of rust and corrosion.
With the right hand, re-grasp the universal static line snap hook and hold it perpendicular to the
reserve parachute with the spring opening gate facing towards the jumper.
With the left hand, palm facing the jumper, thumb pointing downward, grasp the USLM just above
the universal static line snap hook. Rotate the USLM down and to the jumpers right and push it
toward the universal static line snap hook. Visually inspect inside the girth hitch to ensure it is free of
all cuts, frays and burns.
With the index finger or thumb of the right hand push the girth hitch back towards the universal static
line snap hook and again visually inspect inside the girth hitch for any cuts, frays or burns.
Re-dress the girth hitch down around the narrow portion of the universal static line snap hook and
release the USLM with the left hand.
Since the USLM is routed over the right shoulder; with the index finger and thumb of the right hand,
form an O around the USLM just above the universal static line snap hook.
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Raise the right hand up simultaneously inspecting the USLM as it passes through the O to ensure it
is free of all cuts, frays, or burns.
Raise the right hand as high as it can go, or until resistance is felt and issue the jumper the command,
TURN. Once the Jumper has completed the turn, the right hand should have been raised high enough
so as to keep the USLM tight between the hand and the first stow.
Place the index finger, or index and middle finger of the left hand behind the USLM below the right
hand making skin-to-skin contact. Trace the USLM down ensure it is free of all cuts, frays, burns and
it has not been misrouted under or through either riser assembly, to the first stow.
With either hand, form a bite in the USLM and look at the static line slack retainer loop. Ensure it is
present, serviceable and a static line slack retainer band is attached.
Place the bite on top of the pack tray and control it with either hand. This hand becomes the control
hand. The opposite hand becomes the working hand.
With the index finger and thumb of the working hand pinch off the first stow and pull it 1 or 2 inches
toward the center of the pack tray. Look behind the first stow, and ensure the USLM is free of cuts,
frays, or burns and has not been misrouted around the static line stow bar. Release the first stow and
let it pop back into place.
Insert the index finger of the working hand from bottom to top behind the first strand of USLM as
close as possible to the first stow. Trace the first strand of USLM, ensure that it is free of all cuts,
frays, or burns to the second stow.
With the index finger and thumb of the working hand pinch it off and pull 1 or 2 inches towards the
center of the pack tray and conduct the same inspection. Place the index finger or thumb of the
working hand from bottom to top behind the second strand of USLM and trace it to ensure it is not
cut, frayed, or burned.
Note. Remember when tracing the USLM towards you, only the index finger will be used.
Continue to inspect the USLM in the same manner to the main curved pin cover. Ensure the last
strand of USLM is routed from the right outer static line stow bar and inspected with the index finger
only.
With the index finger of the working hand gently lift up on the main curved pin cover. Inspect the
main curved pin attaching loop to ensure that it is properly attached to both the USLM and the main
curved pin.
With the index finger of the working hand trace the main curved pin from its point of attachment to
ensure it is not bent, cracked or corroded and is properly routed from left to right through the main
closing loop, to the end of the main curved pin. Leave the index finger in place.
Visually inspect the main closing loop to ensure it is not, cut, frayed, or burned more than 50 percent
and the main curved pin is not puncturing it in any manner. Conduct a visual inspection of the
grommet to ensure it is not bent, cracked, or corroded.
With the index finger and thumb of the working hand gently lift up on the main curved pin protector
flap, and conduct a visual inspection of the main closing loop, ensure it is not cut, frayed, or burned
and the grommet is not bent, cracked, or corroded.
Stand behind the jumper.
BALLISTIC HELMET (BACK)

9-63. Conduct an inspection of the ballistic helmet (back) by taking the following actions:
Place both hands on the rim of the ballistic helmet on the extreme left hand side, finger and thumb
extended and joined, fingers pointing skyward, palms facing the jumper. The left hand is the control
hand, and the right hand is the working hand.
With the working hand trace the rim of the ballistic helmet across the opposite side, ensuring there
are no sharp or protruding edges that may cut or damage the jumpers static line upon exiting the
aircraft.
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Once the hands are parallel, place the thumb of each hand on the rim of the ballistic helmet and
gently tilt the jumpers head forward. Look at the parachutist retention strap to ensure that it is
properly routed between the shell of the ballistic helmet and the foam impact pad and that the
parachutist retention strap is not twisted.
With the finger and thumb of either hand, pinch off the foam impact pad and pull down slightly to
ensure that it is secure to the shell of the ballistic helmet and it is serviceable.
ADVANCED COMBAT HELMET (BACK)

9-64. The JM inspects the ACH (back) by taking the following actions:
Place both hands, fingers and thumbs extended and joined pointing skyward, palms facing the
jumper, on the left side of the ACH. The left hand is the control hand and the right hand is the
working hand. With the working hand, trace across the rim of the ACH feeling for any sharp or
protruding edges that may cut or damage the jumpers USLM upon exiting the aircraft.
Once the hands are parallel, place the thumbs on the rim of the ACH and gently tilt the jumpers head
forward. Conduct a visual inspection to ensure the oval pads are covering the bolt ends and the rear
trapezoidal pad is protruding slightly past the rim of the ACH.
Place the right index finger on the right adjustable buckle. Ensure it is free of all cracked components
and is serviceable and the right adjustable strap is properly routed through it and the free running end
is secured in the webbing retainer.
Trace the right adjustable strap down, ensuring it is not twisted, cut, or frayed until contact is made
with the long portion of the chin strap. Leave the right index finger in place.
Place the left index finger on the left adjustable buckle and conduct the same inspection. Leave the
left index finger in place.
Conduct a visual inspection of the nape pad to ensure it is present, secure, serviceable, and has not
been reversed.
Notes. 1.
There are four different configurations for the individual pads inside the ACH.
2.
Ensure there is a minimum of seven pads inside the ACH and four pads are covering the
locking nuts.
3.
The pads in the rear should extend slightly past the bottom of the ACH.
RISER ASSEMBLIES
9-65. The JM will perform the following inspection of the riser assemblies by taking the following actions:
Reach over the jumpers shoulders and grasp a riser assembly in each hand just above the canopy
release assemblies. Since these are like items of equipment either riser assembly can be inspected
first. However, for this talk through begin the inspection with the left riser assembly.
Give the left riser assembly a sharp tug to the rear. Open the left hand to form an L. Apply upward
pressure with the left thumb and trace the riser assembly rearward to where it disappears into the
main pack tray, ensuring it is not twisted, cut, or frayed. Leave the left hand in place.
With the right hand conduct the same inspection on the right riser assembly. You must ensure an
Army Parachute Log record is present in either riser assembly.
PACK TRAY
9-66. An overall inspection of the pack tray must be conducted to ensure the pack tray is free of grease, oil, dirt,
mud or tears. The inspection includes the following actions:
Place both hands fingers and thumbs extended and joined palms facing the pack tray on the top left
corner of the pack tray. The left hand is the control hand and the right hand is the working hand.
With the head and eyes 6 to 8 inches away from the working hand, trace across the top pack closing
flap, down the right pack closing flap, across the bottom pack closing flap.
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Turn the working hand over and trace up the left pack closing flap until skin to skin contact is made
with the control hand. Raise the control hand up out of the way and trace where the control hand had
been.
Form knife-edges with both hands, palms facing inward and issue the command, ARCH YOUR
BACK.
DIAGONAL/HORIZONTAL BACKSTRAPS
9-67. JM will conduct an inspection of the diagonal/horizontal backstraps by taking the following actions:
Insert both hands under the X formed by the diagonal backstraps. Look at the diagonal backstraps
to ensure they are properly routed over the appropriate shoulder, and the top diagonal backstrap has
one more row of exposed stitching than the bottom. Look at the diagonal backstrap retainers to
ensure they are routed through the sizing channels on the diagonal backstraps, and the diagonal
backstrap retainers are routed around the diagonal backstrap keeper and the directional snap fasteners
are secure.
To further ensure the directional snap fasteners are secure, with both thumbs, pluck the tab portion on
the diagonal backstrap retainers upward. With the left hand, trace down the diagonal backstrap to
ensure it is not twisted, cut or frayed to the backstrap adjuster.
Grasp the backstrap adjuster with the left hand and look at the right hand and the right side of the
jumper. With the right hand trace down the diagonal backstrap, ensuring it is not twisted, cut or
frayed.
Bypass the backstrap adjuster and pick up the inspection of the horizontal backstrap. Trace down,
ensuring it is not twisted, cut, or frayed, until it disappears into the right main lift web.
Withdraw the right hand from under the horizontal backstrap, and reinsert it, fingers and thumb
extended and joined, fingers pointing skyward, palm facing inward, from bottom to top behind the
horizontal backstrap where it reemerges from the right main lift web. Issue the jumper the command,
BEND.
Place the left shoulder on the bottom pack closing flap and push up on the bottom of the pack tray.
Simultaneously, with the left hand, pull down on the backstrap adjuster. With head and eyes
approximately 6 to 8 inches away trace the horizontal backstrap across the small of the jumpers
back, until the right pinkie finger makes contact with the main lift web on the jumpers left side.
The purpose of inspecting the horizontal backstrap is to ensure it is not twisted, cut or frayed, that the
horizontal backstrap retainers are routed under and over the horizontal backstrap keeper and secured
to themselves with directional snap fasteners, and nothing is misrouted behind the horizontal
backstrap.
Withdraw the right hand from behind the horizontal backstrap, and reinsert it, from top to bottom or
bottom to top, behind the horizontal backstrap where it emerges from behind the left main lift web.
Trace up until making skin-to-skin contact with the left hand. Remove the right hand.
SADDLE
9-68. JM inspects the saddle by taking the following actions:
Place the fingertips of the right hand, fingers and thumb extended and joined, palm facing the
jumper, on the lower portion of the jumpers left main lift web adjuster. Trace down the lower
portion of the Main Lift Web transitioning to the Jumpers Saddle ensure it is not twisted, cut, frayed
or been inverted, and neither leg strap has been misrouted around the saddle. Continue to trace until
making contact with the lower portion of the right main lift web adjuster.
Reach back and get a hand full of air and tap the jumper on the buttocks while issuing the command,
RECOVER.
Note. Place the jumper into jump configuration.
9-69. After the JM has completed his JMPI, he will place the jumper into jump configuration and take the
following actions:
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Trace the USLM from the universal static line snap hook to ensure that the USLM is routed over the
shoulder corresponding with the door the jumper is to exit.
Once behind the jumper, remove all slack from the USLM and stow it in the static line slack retainer
band.
Manipulate the main curved pin from left to right ensuring that the main curved pins end is in the 3
oclock position.
Reinsert the main curved pin protector flap into the tuck flap.
INSPECTION OF COMBAT EQUIPMENT

9-70. The inspection sequence for a combat equipped jumper is the same as for a Hollywood equipped jumper
down to the waistband. Inspect the combat equipment by taking the following actions:
Insert the right hand behind the chest strap as close as possible to where it is sewn into the right main
lift web. Move to the right side of the jumper. Insert the left hand, fingers and thumb extended and
joined, fingers pointing skyward, palm facing inward, from bottom to the top behind the waistband
next to where it is sewn to the pack tray.
Look at the waistband where it is sewn to the pack tray to ensure it is secured to the pack tray by a
box X stitch, with at least 50 percent of the stitching present.
Trace the waistband forward, ensure it is not twisted, cut, frayed, or been misrouted behind the
horizontal backstrap or right main lift web. Continue tracing the waistband forward until the right
waistband retainer rests in the palm. Leave the left hand in place.
Remove the right hand from behind the chest strap and insert it, fingers and thumb extended and
joined, fingers pointing skyward, palm facing inward, from bottom to top behind the reserve
parachute outside of the left adjustable D ring attaching strap so the left waistband retainer rests in
the palm of the right hand. Make finger tip-to-finger tip contact, and conduct a physical inspection to
ensure the waistband is not twisted and has been routed through both waistband retainers.
Leave the right hand in place, and rotate the left hand over the right forearm and grasp the left pack
closing flap of the reserve parachute, palm facing the reserve parachute. Remove the right hand from
behind the waistband retainer and with the right forearm push out on the lead edge of the M1950
weapons case for the first time. Look at the waistband to ensure it is not twisted, cut, or frayed, and
has not been misrouted behind the left main lift web.
With the right hand, grasp the trail edge of the M1950 weapons case and pull it forward. With the
right hand, fingers and thumb extended and joined, fingers pointing skyward, palm facing inward,
insert it from bottom to top behind the metal adjuster.
Remove the left hand from the left pack closing flap of the reserve parachute and insert the index
finger and middle finger of the left hand from top to bottom into the quick release formed by the
waistband. Ensure that it is no more than three fingers, no less than two and it is not a false quick
release.
Remove the index finger and middle finger from the quick release and with the index finger and
thumb of the left hand pinch off the free running end of the waistband where it emerges from the
metal adjuster. Trace the free running end of the waistband, ensure it is not cut, torn, or frayed and is
easily accessible to the jumper until the fingers fall off the end.
Place the left hand on the left pack closing flap of the reserve parachute, palm facing the reserve
parachute and look at the right hand and the waistband adjuster panel. With the right hand trace the
waistband adjuster panel back. Ensure it is not twisted, cut, or frayed, and has not been misrouted
behind the horizontal backstrap to where it is sewn to the pack tray. Ensure it is properly secured to
the pack tray by a box X stitch, with at least 50 percent of the stitching present.
Remove the right hand and move in front of the jumper. With the right forearm, push out on the lead
edge of the M1950 weapons case for the second time.
M1950 WEAPONS CASE

9-71. The M1950 weapons case will be inspected in its entirety before inspecting the reserve parachute. The
inspection of the M1950 weapons case begins with its point of attachment, the quick-release snap.
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Look at the quick-release snap to ensure it is the outermost item of equipment on the left equipment
ring, and the opening gate is facing the jumper. With the right index finger, finger the opening gate
one time to ensure that it is properly attached to the left equipment ring, it has spring tension and it
has not been safe tied. With the heel of the right hand press up on the activating arm of the quickrelease snap to ensure that it is seated between the ball detents.
With the index finger of the right hand, trace down until contact is made with the V-ring. Ensure the
quick-release link is routed through the V-ring, and the quick-release link is secured by the rotating
claw.
Continue to trace down the inside of the M1950 weapons case until contact is made with the
adjusting strap. Ensure the adjusting strap is routed through the appropriate set of adjusting strap
connectors, secured by means of a half hitch and is not twisted, cut, or frayed. Continue tracing down
the inside of the M1950 weapons case until the finger falls off the bottom.
Form a knife-edge with the right hand, palm facing skyward and trace from front to rear along the
bottom of the M1950 weapons case to ensure the muzzle of the weapon is not protruding.
Place the index finger of the right hand on the slide fastener at the bottom of the closing flap. Trace
up the slide fastener to ensure it is secure, bypass the lower tie-down strap and continue to trace up
the slide fastener in the vicinity of the lift fastener.
With the index finger of the right hand, form a hook and pull down and out on the slide fastener tab
thong. Pull down and out to ensure the slide fastener tab thong is secured by either the upper tiedown tape or been separated over the lift fastener, never both.
Drop the right hand down 10 to 12 inches from the top of the M1950 weapons case and give it a
sharp slap, feeling for the forward assist of the M4/M16 series rifle or the charging handle of the
M249 squad automatic weapon (SAW).
With the index finger and thumb of the right hand, pinch off the bowknot of the upper tie-down tape
on the front of the M1950 weapons case. Visually inspect the upper tie-down tape to ensure it is
properly routed behind the M1950 weapons case, through the D-ring from bottom to top, to the
outside of the connector snap, and secured by a single or double loop bowknot. This concludes the
inspection of the M1950 weapons case.
Inspect the reserve parachute in the same manner as if it were on a Hollywood jumper.
ALICE PACK
9-72. The inspection of the harness single-point release begins with the adjustable D- ring attaching straps.
These are like items of equipment so either one can be inspected first, however for the purpose of this talk
through, begin with the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap. The inspection includes the following actions:
Simultaneously with both hands, form fists with the index fingers exposed. Place the index fingers on
the snap hooks of the adjustable D-ring attaching straps. Now focus attention to the left hand.
Conduct a visual inspection to ensure that the snap hook has not been, cracked, corroded or distorted
out of shape and that the opening gate is facing towards the jumper.
With the left index finger, touch the opening gate one time to ensure that it is properly secured to the
right equipment ring, and it has spring tension.
With the left thumb flip the free running end of the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap out of the
way. Place the index finger of the left hand on the front of the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap
just below the snap hook. Trace down the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap until contact is
made with the triangle link, ensuring that the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap is not twisted
cut, or frayed.
Bypass the triangle link and pick up the inspection of the white attaching loop in front of the triangle
link. With the left index finger, trace down the attaching loops to ensure that the white attaching loop
is routed from bottom to top through the triangle link, the green attaching loop has been routed from
bottom to top through the white attaching loop, the red attaching loop is routed from bottom to top
through the green attaching loop, and routed from bottom to top through the grommet on the female
portion leg strap release assembly.
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Place the index finger of the left hand on the box X stitch on the release handle cross strap. Look at
the release handle cable where it emerges from the release handle cross strap. Ensure the release
handle cable is properly routed through the red attaching loop and secured by the cable loop retainer.
Leave the left index finger in place and with the right hand, conduct the same inspection of the left
adjustable D-ring attaching strap.
After inspecting the left adjustable D-ring attaching strap, focus your attention on the release handle.
With the right index finger and thumb, index finger on top and thumb on the bottom, lift up gently on
the release handle. Ensure the release handle is properly routed between the two plies of the release
handle cross strap and secured by the hook pile tabs.
Form a hook with the right index finger and lift up on the release handle lanyard, to ensure it is not
twisted or misrouted around the equipment retainer strap. Place the right index finger back on the
box X stitch.
Trace the equipment retainer straps down between the external cargo compartments of the ALICE
pack until making contact with the adjustable cross strap.
Leave your left index finger in place and with the index finger and thumb of the right hand grasp the
free running end of the adjustable cross strap and give it a tug to the jumpers left, ensuring that all
the slack has been removed from the adjustable cross strap.
Place the right index finger back on the box X stitch and continue to trace the equipment retainer
straps down until fingers fall off.
Now secure the sides of the ALICE pack and raise it to eye level and look at the equipment retainer
straps to ensure they are routed behind the envelope cushion and have not been twisted. Raise the
ALICE pack to the jumper and issue the command, HOLD.
Note. Jumpers will secure the ALICE pack by the adjustable cross strap only and hold it up high.
Continue inspection of the equipment retainer straps as they route under the envelope cushion portion
of the ALICE pack. Ensure the equipment retainer straps form an X configuration on the rear of the
ALICE pack.
Continue until the fingers rest behind the two to three finger quick releases in the equipment retainer
straps. While bypassing the girth hitch, ensuring it is routed north to south, south to north, never east
to west.
Simultaneously, inspect the two to three finger quick releases by placing the index and middle
fingers of each hand, palms inward, on the outside of the quick releases. Visually inspect the free
running ends of the equipment retainer straps to ensure they are S-folded and secured with either
masking tape or retainer bands, one or the other, never both, and not secured to the quick releases.
With the index finger of each hand, lightly tap quick releases to ensure the S-folds are secure.
With the thumb and index fingers of each hand, form an O around the lower portion of the
adjustable shoulder carrying straps. Simultaneously pull out to ensure they are properly secured to
the ALICE pack frame. Visually inspect the free running ends of the adjustable shoulder carrying
straps to ensure they are S-folded and secured with masking tape or retainer bands, one or the other
never both. With the index fingers of each hand, lightly tap the free running ends of the adjustable
shoulder carrying straps to ensure the S-folds are secure.
MOLLE II RUCKSACK
9-73. After completing the overall inspection of the reserve parachute, the JM then inspects the MOLLE II
rucksack. The inspection of the harness single-point release begins with the adjustable D-ring attaching straps.
These are like items of equipment so either one can be inspected first. Inspection the MOLLE II rucksack by
taking the following actions:
Simultaneously, with both hands form fists with the index fingers exposed. Place your index fingers
on the snap hooks of the adjustable D-ring attaching straps. Now focus your attention on the snap
hook of the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap. Conduct a visual inspection to ensure the snap
hook is not bent, cracked, corroded, distorted out of shape, and the opening gate is facing towards the
jumper, and it is located to the outside of the connector snap.
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With the left index finger, touch the opening gate to ensure it has spring tension and has not been
safe tied. With the thumb, rotate the free running end of the adjustable D-ring attaching strap out of
the way. Place the index finger on the front of the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap and trace
the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap down until making contact with the triangle link. Ensure
that the right adjustable D-ring attaching strap is not twisted, cut, or frayed.
Then bypass the triangle link and pick up the inspection of the white attaching loop. Ensure the white
attaching loop is routed from bottom to top through the triangle link, the green attaching loop is
routed from bottom to top through the white attaching loop, the red attaching loop is routed from
bottom to top through the green attaching loop, ensure the red attaching loop is routed through the
grommet in the female portion leg strap release assembly, and the release handle cable is routed
through the red attaching loop and secured in the cable loop retainer. Place the index finger on the
box X stitch at the release handle cross strap. Keep the left index finger in place.
With the right hand and the left adjustable D-ring attaching strap, conduct the same inspection. Once
the index fingers are on the box X stitch, leave the left index finger in place and with the thumb
and index finger of the right hand lift up on the release handle. Ensure the release handle is properly
routed between the two plies of the release handle cross strap and secured by the hook pile tabs. With
the right index finger, form a hook and lift up on the release handle lanyard to ensure it is not twisted
or misrouted around the equipment retainer strap. Place the right index finger back on the box X
stitch.
Simultaneously, trace down the equipment retainer straps until the fingers make contact with the
second set of box X stitches at the adjustable cross strap. Leave the left index finger in place and
with the right hand, secure the free running end of the adjustable cross strap and give it a tug to the
jumpers left and remove all the slack. Place the right index finger back on the box X stitch and
continue to inspect the equipment retainer straps until the fingers fall off the ends of the MOLLE II.
Secure the sides of the MOLLE II rucksack and raise it to approximately eye level. Visually inspect
to ensure that the equipment retainer straps are routed through the slots at the top corners of the
MOLLE II rucksack frame.
Lift out and up on the MOLLE II; and issue the command, HOLD. Jumpers will hold the MOLLE II
rucksack by the adjustable cross strap and the adjustable cross strap only and hold it high.
Continue the inspection of the equipment retainer straps as they are routed through the adjustable
shoulder carrying straps. Ensure they are routed over the comfort pad and form an X configuration
on the rear of the MOLLE II. Continue inspecting until the fingers rest behind the two to three finger
quick releases in the equipment retainer straps. When bypassing the girth hitch, ensure it is routed top
to bottom, bottom to top, or vertical.
Simultaneously, inspect the two to three finger quick release by placing the index and middle finger
of each hand, palm inward, on the outside of the quick release. Visually inspect the free running ends
of the equipment retainer straps to ensure they are S-folded or accordion folded and secured with
either masking tape or two turns of retainer bands, one or the other, never both and they are not
secured to the quick releases.
Visually inspect the friction adapters to ensure that they are routed through the oval cutouts at the
base of the MOLLE II rucksack frame.
With the index fingers of each hand, lightly tap the excess webbing of the equipment retainer straps
to ensure they are S-folded or accordion folded and are secure.
With the thumb and index finger of each hand, form an O around the base of the adjustable
shoulder carrying straps. Give them a couple of tugs to ensure they are properly secured to the
MOLLE II rucksack frame.
Visually inspect the free running ends of the adjustable shoulder carrying straps to ensure they are Sfolded or accordion folded and secured with masking tape or retainer bands, one or the other, never
both.
With the index fingers of each hand, lightly tap the free running ends of the adjustable Shoulder
Carrying Straps to ensure the S-folds or accordion folds are secure.
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9-74. Inspect the hook-pile tape lowering line by taking the following actions:
Place the index finger of the right hand, just to the right of the girth hitch of the hook-pile tape
lowering line. Visually inspect to ensure the girth hitch is vertical. With your right index finger trace
the hook-pile tape lowering line until making contact with the first set of hook pile tabs and ensure
they are secure. Ensure the hook-pile tape lowering line is routed over the left adjustable shoulder
carrying straps.
Visually inspect to ensure there are no S-folds or accordion folds of the hook-pile tape lowering line
protruding from the end of the retainer flap. Continue to inspect down the retainer flap to ensure the
hook-pile tape lowering line is secured to the MOLLE II rucksack frame by two sets of girth hitched
retainer bands.
Continue to trace down until making contact with the second set of hook pile tabs. Ensure they are
secure and that no S-folds or any portion of the accordion folded portion of the hook-pile tape
lowering line are protruding from the end of the retainer flap.
Continue to trace the hook-pile tape lowering line until your index finger disappears behind the
M1950 weapons case. Visually inspect to ensure the hook-pile tape lowering line is properly routed
between the main body of the M1950 weapons case and the one-ply reinforced nylon webbing on the
nylon duct M1950 weapons case.
With the left hand reach over the right arm and grasp the trail edge of the M1950 weapons case and
pull it inward.
Remove the right index finger from the front and place it back on the hook-pile tape lowering line on
the back side of the M1950 weapons case. Continue to trace the hook-pile tape lowering line until
making contact with the ejector snap. Visually inspect the yellow safety lanyard to ensure that it is
serviceable, and it has not been wired, tied, or taped down.
Drop both hands and move back to the front of the jumper and issue the command, SQUAT. Now
inspect the leg straps and the aviators kit bag in the same manner as for a Hollywood jumper.
Secure the bottom of the ALICE/MOLLE II pack and issue the command, RECOVER. Jumpers lift
up on the reserve parachute, and JMs simply allow the ALICE/MOLLE II rucksack to rotate between
his body and the jumpers body.
Now continue the normal sequence of inspection until giving the jumper the seal of approval or
giving the command, JUMPER TO RECOVER.
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Chapter 10
Jumpmaster and Safety Duties in Flight

This chapter provides an overview of the duties of the JM, AJM, and safety personnel
during flight. For aircraft specific personnel duties, refer to Part Four (Chapter 15),
Aircraft Used in Airborne Operations.
SECTION I PRIMARY/ASSISTANT JUMPMASTER AND SAFETY DUTIES

10-1. After aircraft takeoff, the JM must remain oriented to the aircraft's position at all times, and keep the
parachutists informed of any deviations from flight plan. He may coordinate with the navigator or use strip
maps and checkpoints. He also remains in communication with the pilot. To do this, he relays messages through
the loadmaster over the interphone. On Army aircraft, the JM or safety personnel should wear a flight helmet or
headset for direct communication with the pilot and to monitor the ground control element. If the JM/safety
cannot wear a flight helmet or headset, communication can be made through the crew chief.
PRIMARY JUMPMASTER
10-2. The primary jumpmaster has a number of duties in flight and they are described below.
NIGHT OPERATIONS
10-3. The PJM must remember that jumpers eyes require 20 minutes to adjust to lower light levels before night
operations. Therefore, only red compartment lights or Night Vision Imaging Systems (NVIS) lighting will be
used 20 minutes before drop time. This allows for physical adjustment and minimizes the impairment of a
jumpers night vision during the critical first seconds of a night drop. If the white light is substituted for the red
light before drop time, the jumpers eyes must readjust by turning on the red compartment lights for 20 minutes.
GENERAL RULES
10-4. In general, the JM must
Never sacrifice safety, for any reason.
Rehearse JM procedures on the ground.
Hook up before opening jump door(s) or ramp.
Face the open jump door or tailgate when in flight.
Maintain a firm handhold on the aircraft when working in or near an open jump door or ramp.
Not allow anyone in or near the open jump door without a helmet (or equivalent) and safety harness
or parachute.
SAFETY PERSONNEL
10-5. During flight, safety personnel constantly check on the condition of all parachutists and distribute
airsickness bags where needed. They also assist the JM in relocating personnel who are too sick to jump, jump
refusals, and other types of no jumps. If a jump refusal occurs, safety personnel move the parachutist forward in
the cargo compartment to be seated. During in-flight rigging missions, safety personnel assist in parachute
issue. They operate rigging, JMPI, and correction stations as directed by the JM.
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PRIMARY JUMPMASTER/ASSISTANT JUMPMASTER DUTIES

10-6. Primary jumpmasters and assistant jumpmasters must
Enforce flight rules and regulations.
Issue time warnings.
Issue jump commands.
Perform door safety checks.
Perform outside air safety checks.
Control exit of all parachutists.
Eject door bundles.
Perform in-flight rigging mission.
SECTION II DOOR PROCEDURES AND DOOR BUNDLE EJECTION

10-7. Time warnings, door procedures, and door bundle ejection are events that commonly occur during each
airdrop operation. Time warnings and door procedures are completed during each airdrop operation, but door
bundles are not always ejected. The time warnings and door procedures are considered critical aspects of JM
operations during all airdrop operations.
Note. The 20-minute time warning may be increased to 30 minutes aboard the C-17 if the JMs need
more time to accomplish their duties.
TWENTY-MINUTE WARNING
10-8. JMs unbuckle their seat belts and stand up. They move to the rear of the aircraft, turn, and face the
parachutists. (All time warnings begin and end at the shoulders with closed fists.) They extend both arms
straight forward, extending and spreading the fingers and thumb of each hand. This is repeated twice while the
oral command is given.
10-9. All special items of equipment are attached to designated parachutists and are inspected. Safety personnel
assist the JMs with attaching equipment and ensuring the tie-downs are secure and the lowering lines are
attached and secure. JMs and safeties unlash door bundles (if any) and move them near the jump door(s). Once
positioned, the static line of each cargo parachute is attached to the outboard anchor line cable and the following
inspection sequence is completed:
Static line and clevis (safety wire must be bent so that it has metal to metal contact).
Pack closing tie.
Drogue device (one for C-130; two for C-17).
Point of attachment to the bundles (risers).
Tie-down tapes (one on each corner).
Pack tray and bundle (for any loose or excess webbing).
When the inspection is completed, the JM slaps the smooth side of the bundle and ensures it is facing
the trail edge of the door.
Note. The 10-minute time warning may be increased to 15 minutes aboard the C-17 if the JMs need
more time to accomplish their duties.
TEN-MINUTE WARNING
10-10. When the loadmaster informs the JMs the aircraft is 10 minutes from the DZ, the JMs unbuckle their
seat belts and stand up (if seated). They hook up to the inboard anchor line cable, move to the rear of the aircraft
near the jump door, and transfer control of their static lines to safety personnel. They announce, SAFETY,
CONTROL MY STATIC LINE, and ensure the safety has positive control before turning to face the
parachutists. The JMs begin jump commands at the 10-minute time warning. During this process, the safeties
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help the JMs hook up, watch for excess static line, and stow any excess static line in the static line slack
retainer. After inspection of the JMs static lines, safeties move out to inspect the sticks, as indicated in the
following paragraph.
FIRST SEVEN JUMP COMMANDS

10-11. The JM is now ready to issue the first seven jump commands. After the parachutists are standing,
safety personnel inspect the following items on each parachutist while moving forward (toward the cockpit) in
the aircraft:
Waistband for proper quick release.
Ejector snap on the HPT lowering line for proper attachment.
Quick-release snap on the weapons case for proper attachment.
Adjustable leg straps on harness, single-point release.
Note. Safeties must be alert for and correct any excess webbing or loose hook-pile tape lowering line.
10-12. Once the safeties have checked the last parachutist, and after the command, HOOK UP, they return to
the aft end of the aircraft. While moving to the aft end, safeties check the full length of each parachutists static
line to ensure proper routing and attachment to the anchor line cable. They check with both eyes and hands and
stow any excess static line in the static line slack retainer so that each static line is taut from the anchor line
cable to the pack tray. As the safety checks each static line, he reminds all jumpers to make eye-to-eye contact
and hand the safety their static lines. After he checks the first parachutist and the JMs static line, the safety
resumes control of the JMs static line.
10-13. After the JM receives, ALL OKAY, JUMPMASTER, from the number one jumper, he regains control
of his static line from the safety, takes the No. 1 parachutist position, and waits for the aircrew to complete their
slow down checklist.
10-14. Once the aircrew has completed their slow down checklist (slow aircraft to drop speed, open jump
doors, deploy air deflectors, and position jump platforms), the loadmaster relinquishes control of the jump door
to the JM by giving the JM a thumbs up signal. He then moves to the ramp area.
DOOR SAFETY CHECK

10-15. Safety personnel position themselves near the trail edge of the jump door and control the static line for
the JM as he performs the door safety check. He grasps the lead edge of the door with his lead hand and
transfers control of his static line back to the safety. (See Figures 10-1 and 10-2.) He then grasps the trail edge
of the door with his trail hand centering his body in the door without having any part of his feet on the jump
platform. Using only the lead hand, he ensures the pip pin is in place, securing the jump door in the open
position on the C-130. (Refer to Chapter 16 for C-17A door procedures.)
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Figure 10-1. Jumpmaster safety check door position, right door
Figure 10-2. Jumpmaster safety check door position, left door
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JUMP PLATFORM
10-16. The JM checks the jump platform by
Kicking the lead down lock with the lead foot and then the trail down lock with the trail foot and
visually checking to ensure they are engaged.
Placing his trail foot in the center of the jump platform and shifting his weight to the platform,
ensuring the platform can support his body weight. The trail foot remains in place. (If the JM
removes his foot from the platform, he must again check the down locks and ensure the platform can
support his body weight.) From this door relaxed position, the JM performs all remaining duties in
the door until it is time to issue the eighth jump command or place bundles in the door.
TRAIL EDGE OF DOOR

10-17. With the trail hand, the JM starts at the top of the door at the trail, tracing all the way down to the trail
down lock, then tracing back to the top to ensure no sharp or protruding edges exist.
AIR DEFLECTOR
10-18. The jumpmaster will lean his head towards the trail edge of the door, and while looking in the direction
of flight will ensure the air deflector is properly deployed.
INITIAL OUTSIDE AIR SAFETY CHECK AND CHECKPOINTS

10-19. The JM must make outside air safety checks to ensure there are no unsafe conditions outside the
aircraft (aircraft in the formation to the rear that are below drop altitude or other low flying aircraft). From the
same door relaxed position, the JM bends forward at the waist to the elbow locked position while keeping both
heels flat on the floor of the cargo compartment and visually conductions a 360-degree air-safety check to
include above and below the aircraft.
10-20. The JM then comes to the door relaxed position, continues observing outside the aircraft and spotting
for checkpoints en route to the DZ. In the absence of checkpoints, he uses additional time advisories from the
air crew, which must have been identified during the pilot/JM briefing. The navigator and primary loadmaster
should also be present for this briefing. The JM relays checkpoints to the parachutists by leaning back inside the
aircraft, keeping his foot centered on the platform, facing the parachutists, and calls off the checkpoint.
Notes.
1. When the JM leans back inside the aircraft to assume the door relaxed position, he
will not collapse his trail elbow with the lead arm locked. Allowing his trail elbow to
collapse could cause accidental MIRPS activation resulting in JM extraction from the
aircraft. Such an extraction can result in serious injury or death.
2. The JM will lock his elbows to properly conduct outside air safety checks, or when
checking for towed jumpers.
3. The loadmaster should relay time warnings to the JM or safety by using hand signals.
The exact hand signals must be coordinated between the JM and loadmaster during the
aircrew brief. However, suggested hand signals are as follows: one-minute time
warningthe index finger extended vertically; 30-second time advisorythe index
finger and thumb held closely together.
ONE-MINUTE WARNING
10-21. Approximately one minute from the green light, the safety passes along the loadmaster time warning, if
the JM fails to hear it. The JM relays the one-minute warning to the parachutists by leaning back, keeping his
foot centered on the platform, facing the jumpers, and extending the index finger of his lead hand. He
announces, ONE MINUTE. The jumpers relay the announcement to the back of the stick. The JM continues
observing outside for the 30-second checkpoint, or until he receives a 30-second time advisory from the
loadmaster.
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FINAL OUTSIDE AIR SAFETY CHECK

10-22. The JM announces, THIRTY SECONDS. The jumpers relay the announcement to the back of the stick.
After the JM has called off the second checkpoint or relayed the 30-second time advisory, he conducts his final
clear to the rear outside safety check, then determines when the aircraft is about 10 seconds (20 seconds for
bundle drops) from the release point. Once again, he bends forward at the waist to the elbow locked position
and visually checks to the rear. The safety, positioned at the aft end of the door, controls the JMs static line
during all outside air safety checks.
Note. For a CARP/VIRS DZ, the JM is not responsible for positively identifying the DZ, code letter,
or color of smoke. The USAF/other service aircraft personnel are responsible for positively
identifying the DZ, code letter, or color of smoke.
UNSAFE CONDITION OUTSIDE AIRCRAFT

10-23. If the JM observes any unsafe conditions outside the aircraft, he notifies the loadmaster by a
preplanned arm and hand signal (for example, a cutting motion across the throat) that a NO DROP situation
exists for this pass. The JM can call a NO DROP anytime he determines something is wrong or unsafe.
BUNDLE DROPS, TWENTY SECONDS FROM RELEASE POINT

10-24. The JM moves back inside the aircraft and with the assistance of the No. 1 jumper, positions the door
bundle on the jump platform so that it is on its balance point with its longest dimension vertically in the door
and the parachute on the top or inboard side of the bundle. Then the JM
Maintains a firm grasp on the bundle with the lead hand and a firm grasp on the trail edge of the
jump door with the trail hand. He ensures that the cargo parachute static line is routed above the trail
arm.
Keeps his eyes on the jump caution light. When the light turns green, he ejects the door bundle,
ensuring that it goes straight out and does not tumble through the risers.
10-25. The JM will ensure that the static line is riding high in the door. Then he
Maintains a firm grasp with his trail hand and turns toward the cargo area.
Makes firm eye contact with the AJM and exchanges a thumbs up signal, meaning the door bundles
have been ejected, that neither person knows of any unsafe condition, and that each is ready to exit
personnel.
Positions parachutists in the door only after the previous step is accomplished.
Follows this procedure when ejecting door bundles from one door or both doors, as long as both
doors are open.
Centers his body on the lead edge of the jump door and issues the eighth jump command.
NO BUNDLE DROPS, TEN SECONDS FROM RELEASE POINT

10-26. When door bundles are not used on an airborne operation, the JM makes his final check to determine
that the aircraft is about 10 seconds out from the release point (RP). Then he
Maintains a firm grasp on the trail edge of the door with the trail hand and turns as far as possible
toward the cargo area. The JM and AJM make eye-to-eye contact and give each other the thumbs up
signal, indicating there are no unsafe conditions outside the aircraft, and they are ready to exit
personnel. This procedure is followed when exiting personnel from one or both doors, as long as both
doors are open.
Releases the trail edge of the door and issues the eighth jump command (steps toward center of the
aircraft and centers himself on the lead edge of the door).
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EIGHTH JUMP COMMAND

10-27. The JM issues the eighth jump command, STAND BY. This command is given about 10 seconds
before the aircraft reaches the release point and only after the aircraft has cleared all obstacles near the DZ. The
safety positions himself near the trail edge of the door, ensuring he does not impede the flow of jumpers.
COMPUTED AIR RELEASE POINT

10-28. After issuing the eighth jump command, the JM immediately regains control of his static line from the
safety. He backs away from the door toward the middle of the aircraft to allow the safety room to control static
lines. The safety receives the first parachutists static line with his lead hand and secures it with his trail hand by
pinning it against the aft anchor line lead cable support.
GROUND MARKING RELEASE SYSTEM

10-29. After issuing the eighth jump command, the JM continues to spot for the DZ and DZ markings. He
backs away from the door toward the middle of the aircraft to allow the safety room to control static lines.
When the line of the panels break the trailing edge of the jump door, the JM issues the command, GO. The
safety receives the first parachutists static line with his lead hand and secures it with his trail hand by pinning it
against the aft anchor line support. For USAF operations, a safety is not used and either the JM or loadmaster
fulfills the duty after coordination.
NINTH JUMP COMMAND

10-30. The JM, safety personnel, and AJM take the following action:
When the JM issues the ninth jump command, GO, he ensures that he has backed away from the door
where he can best control his stick and away from the safety, to avoid confusion or congestion.
Safety personnel take static lines while the JM controls the flow of parachutists. The safety grabs
each static line with his lead hand, passes it back to his trail hand, and ensures the static line is firmly
seated against the intermediate anchor line cable support.
After all parachutists have exited the aircraft, the JM and AJM hand off their static lines to the
safeties and exit the aircraft. The safety immediately conducts a clear to the rear outside air safety for
towed jumpers. He then looks directly at the loadmaster and gives him a thumbs up signal.
RED LIGHT PROCEDURES

10-31. If a JM sees a red jump caution light, he sounds off with, RED LIGHT, RED LIGHT, RED LIGHT;
then moves forward to block the flow of the stick. If any parachutist tries to exit on the red light, he will be
allowed to exit, except in the case of an unsafe parachutist. No one touches or physically tries to stop a
parachutist who is past the leading edge of the door. Parachutists will be stopped only by oral command; this
reduces the risk of accidentally activating the jumpers reserve.
JUMP REFUSALS
10-32. The procedure for handling a jump refusal are as follows:
When removing a jump refusal from the door, the JM tells the refusal, GREEN LIGHT, GO;
GREEN LIGHT, GO; GREEN LIGHT, GO. If the jumper does not exit, the safety tells the refusal,
YOU ARE A JUMP REFUSAL AND I AM TAKING YOU OUT OF THE DOOR. Then, the safety
should approach the parachutist from the rear and grasp the sides of his parachute. He should never
put his hand in front of the parachutists face or grab the back of his ballistic helmet.
The safety warns the refusal that he is being brought back inside the aircraft. Under no condition
should the safety reach around in front of the refusal to pull him back into the aircraft; the safety
could accidentally hit or grab the reserve parachute rip cord grip.
After the jump refusal is brought inside the aircraft, he is guided and seated at the ramp of the aircraft
away from the paratroop door and directed to not touch his equipment. The JM team will then
continue to exit jumpers if any green light remains. The safety will assist the USAF personnel in
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retrieving all deployment bags and once the door is closed, they will move the jump refusal as far
forward as possible inside the aircraft, buckle him in, unhook his universal static line from the anchor
line cable, and once again direct him not to touch any of his equipment.
TOWED PARACHUTIST (FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT)

10-33. Actions to retrieve or cut free a towed parachutist are described below.
JUMPMASTER ACTIONS
10-34. If the JM observes a towed parachutist, he takes the following actions. The JM
Stops the stick of parachutists (if applicable).
Notifies the loadmaster, who then notifies the pilot and requests that drop altitude be maintained.
Identifies how the parachutist is being towed. If the parachutist is being towed by anything other than
the lowering line or static line, the JM attempts to free him. If the parachutist is being towed by a
lowering line, the JM immediately cuts the lowering line, thus freeing the parachutist. If the
parachutist is being towed by the static line, the JM initiates recovery procedures.
JUMPMASTER RECOMMENDATIONS
10-35. The JM observes the towed parachutist and recommends whether to retrieve or cut the parachutist free.
The recommendation is relayed by the loadmaster to the pilot. The pilot makes the decision. If the decision is to
cut the jumper free, the loadmaster will cut the static line on command of the pilot. Priority is described below.
Door
10-36. Safety personnel move the remainder of the stick toward the front of the aircraft. If the parachutist is to
be retrieved, the loadmaster uses the TPRS or the CGU1-B cargo strap on the C-130, retracts or folds in the
jump platform, and initiates retrieval. All personnel stay clear of the door and line of travel of the static line
retriever cable. When the parachutist has been retrieved to the door, the JM and safety personnel gain physical
control of the parachutist. The loadmaster relieves tension from the static line retriever so that the parachutist
can be brought inside the aircraft. The retrieved parachutist is moved all the way forward and is seated. He does
not jump again. If the retrieval is unsuccessful and the parachutist must be cut free, the loadmaster cuts the
static line.
Ramp
10-37. If a parachutist is towed following a ramp exit and is to be cut free, the loadmaster partly retrieves the
static lines to reach the towed parachutists static line in order to cut it. If the parachutist is to be retrieved, the
loadmaster uses TPRS or installs a CGU1-B cargo strap (C-130) about 5 1/2 feet above the ramp. The static
lines are retrieved over the CGU1-B strap. As the parachutist is retrieved to the ramp area, the JM and safety
personnel gain physical control of him. The parachutist is pulled into the aircraft (under the strap) as the
loadmaster relieves tension from the static line retriever cable. The parachutist is moved all the way forward and
is seated; he does not jump again.
MODIFICATIONS TO TOWED JUMPER PROCEDURES

10-38. Occasionally, the above towed jumper procedures must be modified. JMs are responsible for the safety
and deployment of all parachutists as long as they are onboard the aircraft. The loadmaster(s) is trained and
responsible for retrieving towed parachutists. No additional JMs or safeties are required to remain onboard the
aircraft unless specified in the jumping units airborne standard operating procedures. If all parachutists have
exited, those actions described as JM responsibilities are accomplished by the loadmaster(s). The aircrew is
responsible for all equipment left onboard the aircraft by the jump unit until it can be retrieved or turned over to
the unit concerned.
Note. Towed jumper procedures for rotary-wing aircraft are addressed in Chapter 17.
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Safety Duties
10-39. After all parachutists have exited (including JMs), the safety conducts a clear to the rear outside safety
check and gives the USAF loadmaster a thumbs up signal. This indicates that all parachutists are free and clear
of the aircraft.
Incident on Aircraft or Drop Zone

10-40. If there is ANY type of incident either on the aircraft or a parachute malfunction on the drop zone, the
safety WILL preserve the aircraft. Any medical treatment of injured personnel will take priority over preserving
the AC.
Static Line and Deployment Bag Retrieval

10-41. Safety personnel and the loadmaster retrieve the static lines and deployment bags. Once the static lines
and deployment bags are inside the aircraft, safety personnel detach the static lines and store them with the
deployment bags in extra aviator kit bags.
Actions During Return to Departure Airfield

10-42. While en route to the departure airfield, safety personnel obtain the name, rank, social security number,
unit, and reason (that is, sickness, equipment malfunction, jump refusal) for any manifested parachutist
remaining onboard. They also check the aircraft for any jumping unit equipment that was left onboard for turn
in to the DACO, collect trash and airsick bags, and reinstall seats and seat belts if subsequent lifts are planned.
Actions at Departure Airfield

10-43. On return to the departure airfield, safety personnel turn in all air items (reserves, deployment bags, and
kit bags) left onboard the aircraft to the storage facility (obtain a receipt). They also turn over to the DACO any
unit or personal equipment left aboard the aircraft. All jump refusals and personnel left aboard the aircraft are
immediately turned over to the DACO with a full account of the circumstances for each. Any jump refusals
personal equipment remains under DACO control until relieved of authority by competent unit personnel.
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Chapter 11
Departure Airfield Control Officer

The departure airfield control officer is appointed by the airborne commander and is
responsible for coordination and control of the loading of personnel, equipment, and
supplies into aircraft. The DACO is located at the departure airfield.
SECTION I INITIAL COORDINATION

11-1. When advised of appointment, the DACO is furnished the following information:
The unit(s) jumping.
Type of jump and number of personnel.
Type and number of aircraft.
Number of lifts.
Load time.
Station time.
Weather decision time.
Drop zone.
Names of DZSO, assistant DZSO, DZSTL, JM, AJM, and safety personnel.
SECTION II TANKER/AIRLIFT CONTROL ELEMENT COORDINATION

11-2. At the departure airfield, the DACO makes contact with the TALCE/aircrew to discuss, coordinate, and
confirm the following:
Aircraft parking plan.
Aircraft tail number(s).
Time of pilot/JM briefing.
Time aircraft will be available for JM inspection.
Weather data.
Flight line safety measures.
Appointment and identification of the GLO.
Current safety regulations (TALCE/aircrew advises DACO).
Aircraft loading procedure and time.
Return of jump refusals (how they are to be managed).
Parachute malfunction procedures.
Manifest distribution to TALCE/aircrew.
Inspection of aircraft for air items and airborne unit equipment upon its return to airfield.
SECTION III DROP ZONE SAFETY OFFICER/SUPPORT TEAM

COORDINATION
11-3. The DACO is responsible for the following:
Contacts the DZSO/DZSTL one hour before drop time.
Informs the DZSO/DZSTL of aircraft aborts.
Updates the DZSO/DZSTL on changes.
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Chapter 11
Requests a closure report from the DZSO/DZSTL.

Requests timely wind readings from the DZSO/DZSTL.
Immediately reports parachute malfunctions to TALCE.
SECTION IV DEPARTURE AIRFIELD CONTROL OFFICER RESPONSIBILITIES

11-4. The DACO is also responsible for the following:
Maintains radio and telephone contact with TALCE/aircrew and higher headquarters.
Controls movement of all vehicles.
Coordinates with TALCE/aircrew/GLO for airfield lighting to assist night airdrop departure airfield
operations.
Ensures all units police their areas before enplaning.
Reports all serious incidents.
Is physically present for all weather briefings and decisions.
Ensures parachute maintenance personnel are present for issue and technical assistance.
Becomes familiar with regulations and the standard operating procedure (SOP) of the unit involved
in the operation.
SECTION V AIRFIELD AND RUNWAY SAFETY

11-5. The DACO is responsible for the following airfield and runway safety issues and actions:
Movements in and around aircraft, taxiways, and runways.
Briefs JM/AJM on airfield procedures.
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PART THREE
Equipment
This part discusses individual and arctic equipment as well as stowage options.
Chapter 12
Individual Combat Equipment Jump Loads

Individual equipment and weapons are attached or worn by the parachutist in several
configurations. They can be exposed, placed inside containers, or a mix of the two. Unit
SOPs will not supersede this manual or deny the jumper the ability to conduct the five
points of performance or emergency procedures. To ensure personnel safety, all small
arms must be on SAFE when jumping.
SECTION I LOAD PLACEMENT

12-1. Fragile items, such as weapon sights, are padded. Crushable items are not placed directly under the
attaching harness. Exposed weapons or equipment, snap hooks, and projections on containers are potential
safety hazards and must be taped.
LOAD DISTRIBUTION
12-2. Loads should be distributed in the following manner:
Individual items attached to the equipment belt are placed on the front or sides of the body away
from the PLF points of contact.
The medium or large ALICE pack is attached to the front of the parachutist using an HSPR.
Hard, bulky, or irregularly-shaped items are not placed to the rear of the parachutist or on the thighs.
12-3. Jumpmasters and unit leaders must inspect parachutists to ensure weight and distribution of the load does
not interfere with the parachutists ability to perform a strong exit from the aircraft door.
CONSIDERATIONS
12-4. In accordance with Air Force Instruction (AFI) 11 2 C 130 Vol. III, commanders will not load
parachutists with equipment to exceed 350 pounds total weight and will reduce this weight by 12.5 pounds for
every 1000 feet of exit altitude above 3000 feet MSL for fixed and rotary-wing jumps. Total weight will not
exceed 325 pounds for C-130 ramp jumps. The JM is unable to retrieve the towed parachutist. Commanders
must take into consideration during the planning stage that the static line retrieval system has a maximum
weight limit of 350 pounds. The variety and weight of equipment or weapons attached to a jumper may exceed
the parachute load limits and a safe descent rate. Also, the jumpers actions or time available to release tie-down
straps and lower equipment may interfere with control of the parachute close to the ground. (See Tables 12-1
and 12-2.) Commanders should use all the equipment methods of entry available to them (CDS, door bundles,
wedge, and so on) to prevent overloading any individual parachutist.
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Chapter 12
Table 12-1. Weight of parachutist

Two Equipment Loads and Basic Load (Pounds)
Soldier
Load
Type
Fighting
Suspended
Advance
Load
MOLLE
Weight of
Combat
Weapons
Total
carrier
with
M1950
T-10/MC-1
Uniform
Loaded
Soldier Suspended
with
Sleeping
Weapons
Series
Helmet,
with
Weight
Weight
hydration
Bag
Parachute
Container
2
3
and
Ammo
(Pounds)
system
and
(Winter)
1
Boots
(Water)
Reserve
M16
Rifleman
11.5
32
15
7.3
31.0
23
205
324.8
M240B
Machine
Gunner
11.5
32
15
7.3
54.4
23
205
348.2
M203
Gunner
11.5
32
15
7.3
40.0
23
205
333.8
11.5
32
15
6.5
(wpns
only)
55.9
23
205
348.9
11.5
32
15
7.3
71.6
23
205
365.4
Javelin
Gunner
Radio
Operator
1
2
3
Weight of uniform does not include winter gear (for example, parka, liners, and underwear).
Includes basic load of ammunition, grenades, Claymore, bayonet, and cleaning kit.
Does not include arctic gear.
Table 12-2. Parachute load limits

Description
Weight
(Pounds)
Reference
Remarks
For every 1000 feet above 3000 feet
MSL, subtract 12.5 pounds from the
jumpers total weight (which includes the
parachute assembly). Failure to comply may
result in D-ring or reserve failure if the reserve
is deployed at terminal velocity.
Total suspended weight
Maximum Load-Bearing
Capacity
T-10-Series/MC-1-Series
Main Canopy
360
Natick Research,
Development,
and Engineering
Center
Capacity
to Achieve 22 Feet Per
Second or
Less Descent Rate, T10-Series/
MC-1-Series Main
Canopy
Air Movement Planning
Weight of CombatEquipped Parachutist
360
Natick Research,
Development,
and Engineering
Center
12-2
Parachutist with one equipment container.
260
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Description
Weight
(Pounds)
Reference
Capacity T-11-Series/MC6 Main Canopy
400
Natick Research,
Development,
and Engineering
Center
Capacity to Achieve 19.1
Feet Per Second or Less
Descent Rate,
T-11-Series/ MC-6 Main
Canopy
400
Natick Research,
Development,
and Engineering
Center
Air Movement Planning

Weight of CombatEquipped Parachutist
260
Remarks
Total suspended weight.
Parachutist with one equipment

container.
SECTION II LIFE PRESERVERS

12-5. Jumpers wear life preservers whenever a flight is conducted over water, a water obstacle is on the DZ, or
the intended DZ is close to a water obstacle. (Refer to Appendix D.) The tactical flotation support system
(TFSS), B-7, B-5, life preserver unit (LPU) 10/P, and life preserver inflatable (NSN 4220 0027 6892 9050) are
currently certified for use by parachutists. Other life preservers may be used if approved by the individual
service components.
TACTICAL FLOATATION SUPPORT SYSTEM

12-6. The TFSS-5326 (See Figure 12-1.) is a life-saving product designed to be fastened to an individuals
waist belt. This product uses two separate flotation bladders located in two separate pouches. Each pouch
contains a manually-operated firing mechanism and a carbon dioxide gas cylinder that inflates the flotation
bladders.
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Chapter 12
Figure 12-1. TFSS-5326 fastened to a Soldiers waist belt

12-7. A secondary method of inflation for the TFSS-5326 is provided by left and right oral inflation tubes. A
red bead (See Figure 12-2.) identifies the right side activation handle.
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Figure 12-2. Left and right TFSS-5326 pouches

12-8. The flotation bladders shape allows the inflated chamber to support the person under the arms. Both
chambers are intended to inflate to provide buoyancy in the water. (See Figure 12-3.) The pouches are made of
durable canvas weave fabric with nylon tape and a grommet, loop, and pin closure system. The flotation
bladders are welded black (covert) or yellow (overt) with 200 denier nylon-coated polyurethane reflective tape.
Figure 12-3. Inflated chamber to support the person under the arms
B-7 LIFE PRESERVER

12-9. The B-7 is worn under the parachute harness. To fit the B-7 life preserver, the parachutist places one
flotation packet under each arm so the packet flaps face out, and the toggle cords hang down and to the front.
The shoulder strap should run from front to rear over the left shoulder, under the backstrap, then from rear to
front over the right shoulder and attached to the ring on the right flotation packet. Then adjust the shoulder strap
so the flotation packets fit snugly against the armpits. The parachutist then attaches the chest strap to the
attachment rings on the left flotation packet, forming a quick release.
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Chapter 12
WARNING
Ensure that the B-7 life preserver is worn so that the inflatable portion
is not between the parachute harness and the body. Serious injury
may result if it is in this position when inflated.
B-5 LIFE PRESERVER

12-10. The B-5 is worn under the parachute harness. The parachutist inflates the vest by pulling two toggle
cords (at the bottom of the vest) which activate CO2 cartridges that fill the vest with gas. An alternate provision
for inflating the vest is by blowing into the manual inflation valve rubber hoses located on the upper right side
of the vest. Manual inflation should be used only if the CO2 inflation valves fail to operate. The flotation vest is
placed over the neck so that the inflatable vest is on the parachutists chest. The manual inflating valves should
be completely closed when donning the life vest. The backstrap and leg straps are then adjusted.
WARNING
Do not inflate the B-5 life preserver until the parachute harness is
removed, because it can crush an individuals chest if inflated
beneath a parachute harness.
LIFE PRESERVER UNIT 10/P

12-11. The LPU 10/P is a standard USAF carbon dioxide cartridge activated life preserver assembly worn
during flights over water or during airdrops when water obstacles are near or on the intended DZ. The LPU 10/P
has an adjustable harness and underarm inflation bladders. It is designed to keep the wearers head above water
at weights up to 250 pounds for up to 10 minutes. The LPU 10/P is compatible with the USAF C-9, and T-10
parachute harness assemblies. The LPU 10/P must be maintained in accordance with U.S. Air Force regulations.
DONNING THE LIFE PRESERVER UNIT 10/P

12-12. The LPU 10/P is worn under the parachute harness. The harness is worn so that the inflatable pockets
are under the parachutists arms. The manual inflating valves should be completely closed when donning the
life vest. The shoulder and waist straps are then adjusted to ensure the inflation container is one hand width
beneath the armpit and not constrained by the parachute harness.
WARNING
The inflation wings must be one hand width beneath the jumpers
armpits and clear of the harness straps. If the inflation pockets are
too snug under the armpit, or if they are between the harness and the
jumpers body, the jumper can experience severe pain or crushed
ribs during inflation.
INFLATING THE LIFE PRESERVER UNIT 10/P

12-13. The parachutist inflates the LPU 10/P flotation bladders by pulling two toggle cords (at the bottom of
the vest) which activate CO2 cartridges that fill the bladders with gas. An alternate provision for inflating the
12-6
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October 2013
vest is by blowing into the manual inflation valve rubber hoses located on the bottom side of the wings. Manual
inflation should be used only if the CO2 inflation valves fail to operate.
SECTION III HARNESSES AND LOWERING LINE

12-14. All load carriers (ALICE and MOLLE I packs and weapons cases) are attached to the parachutist by
the HSPR and rigged to be lowered with the hook-pile tape lowering line.
HARNESS, SINGLE-POINT RELEASE

12-15. The HSPR (NSN 1670-01-227-7992) is an H-type design. (See Figure 12-4.) It is made of nylon
webbing with friction adapters to secure it around the load, and it has two adjustable D-ring attaching straps. To
stabilize the pack to the parachutist during movement in the aircraft, exit, and main parachute deployment, two
adjustable leg straps are provided to secure the pack to the parachutists right and left legs. The leg straps are
equipped with the male portion of the leg strap release assembly. The harness has a single-point release handle
assembly that simultaneously releases the load and leg straps from the parachutist and parachute harness
Figure 12-4. Harness, single-point release
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Chapter 12

12-16. The HPT lowering line (See Figure 12-5.) is used to lower all equipment attached to the parachutist.
There is also a modified HPT lowering line that accommodates the AT4JP when lowered as a tandem load. (See
paragraph 12-13.)
The standard 15-foot lowering line is made of tubular nylon (1 inch wide) with two retainer flaps
sewn on. The retainer flaps have HPT sewn to the edges.
The 2-inch tabs are sewn on the lowering line, and when the line is stowed, the tabs are secured to
prevent line spillage. The ejector snap has a yellow safety lanyard (1 by 8 inches) attached.
Figure 12-5. Hook-pile tape lowering line
HOOK-PILE TAPE LOWERING LINE (MODIFIED)

12-17. The modified HPT lowering line (NSN 1670-01-067-6838) must be used when the AT4JP is lowered
as a tandem load. The modification can be implemented by local rigger unit.
12-8
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MATERIALS REQUIRED
12-18. The following materials are required:
Fastener tape, pile, color OD-106, 1-inch wide, Class 1, MIL-F-21840, NSN 8315-00-106-5974.
Thread, nylon, color OD-S1, Type II, Class A, size E, V T-295, 2500-yard tube,
NSN 8310-00-244-0609.
Ink, marking, parachute, color strata blue, Type IV of MIL-I-6903 (or AA 59291),
NSN 7510-00-286-5362.
STITCHING REQUIREMENTS
12-19. The following stitching must be used:
Stitching will conform to FED-STD-751A, Type 301, seven to nine stitches per inch.
Ends of stitching will be over stitched not less than 1/2 inch.
MODIFICATION PROCEDURE
12-20. Modifications may be made as follows:
Carefully cut the stitching that secures the 2-inch length of HPT located about 11 3/4 inches from the
ejector snap end, and then remove the cut stitching.
Cut a 2-inch length of HPT. (If the previously removed HPT is undamaged, it may be used in lieu of
replacement tape.)
Place marks 46 and 48 inches from the folded web edge ejector snap end on the same side of the
removed 2-inch HPT of the 1-inch wide lowering line.
With pile side facing up, position the 2-inch HPT between the markings and stitch with a single box
stitch formation.
MARKINGS
12-21. The following markings are required:
Stencil the following with 1/2-inch high characters on the outside of retainer fabric using a stencil
brush and parachute marking blue ink: AT4JP modified (MOD).
Stencil a 1/8-inch line across the web width on each side of the lowering line, 16 to 18 inches from
the folded web edge ejector snap end. (See Figure 12-6.)
Figure 12-6. Method for attaching hook-pile tape and stencil markings
STOWAGE OF HOOK-PILE TAPE LOWERING LINE

12-22. THE HPT lowering line must be stowed as follows:
S-fold the lowering line neatly on top of the web inside the retainer, ensuring that the ends are
stacked evenly with the retainer flap outer edges. Secure the pile tab on the web located at the ejector
snap end to hook extension on retainer.
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12-9
Chapter 12
Fold the hook side of the flap tightly over the S-folded lowering line. Holding it firmly, fold the pile
side of flap over and secure hook and pile together.
Secure the pile extension on the flap retainer to the hook tab at the loop end of the lowering line. (See
Figure 12-7.)
The yellow safety lanyard will not be wired, tied or taped.
Figure 12-7. Hook-pile tape lowering line stowed
SECTION IV ALICE PACKS AND LOAD-BEARING EQUIPMENT

12-23. Combat packs and ALICE packs are used to carry individual and crew served equipment during airdrop
operations. Proper rigging is critical to the jumpers mission execution and safety. This sections provides
procedures to ensure the jumper and loaded equipment arrive safely on the drop zone.
ALICE PACK, WITHOUT FRAME

12-24. Medium and large ALICE packs are attached to the parachutist using the HSPR. They should be
lowered during descent by attaching the HPT lowering line. The ALICE pack is packed and securely closed by
doing the following:
Items of equipment are inserted, and padding is placed between the load and the front portion of the
pack. The outside pockets are filled with nonfragile items (full pockets help position the HSPR on
the pack).
The pack is closed by engaging the drawstrings and tie-down straps. The adjustable shouldercarrying straps are adjusted snugly.
The excess webbing on the adjustable shoulder carrying straps is S-folded or accordion folded and
secured with tape or retainer bands.
The running ends of the waist straps are routed around the frame opposite the lower back pad,
tightened, and secured in place by taping. This secures the adjustable shoulder carrying straps and
reduces the possibility of entanglement on board the aircraft.
If carried, the sleeping mat is rolled tightly to reduce its size. The mat is placed between the two top
vertical tie-down straps and the top cover of the pack. It is secured by tightening the straps. The Hharness or HSPR encompasses the mat when it is routed around the ALICE pack.
ALICE PACK, WITH FRAME

12-25. Before attaching the HSPR to the pack, the release handle and adjustable D-ring attaching straps are
attached to the HSPR. (See Figure 12-8.) Complete the following steps:
Route the release handle cable between the two plies of the release handle cross strap.
Attach the pile tape of the release handle to the hook tape attaching tab located between the plies of
the release handle cross strap.
Ensure that the release handle lanyard is not misrouted or twisted.
12-10
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October 2013
Place the triangle links of the adjustable D-ring attaching straps on top of the white attaching loops.
Ensure the opening gates of the snap hooks are facing down.
Route the white attaching loop up through the triangle link.
Route the green attaching loop up through the white attaching loop.
Route the red attaching loop up through the green attaching loop.
Route the red attaching loop through the grommet on the female portion leg strap release assembly.
Ensure that the cable loop retainer on the female portion leg strap release assembly is facing up.
Route the release handle cable through the red attaching loop and then through the cable loop retainer
from the inside to the outside.
Figure 12-8. Release handle assembly
October 2013
Repeat the process for the other strap.

Turn the harness over so that the adjustable D-ring attaching straps are on the bottom.
Place the ALICE pack on top of the harness so that the middle outer cargo pocket is placed between
the release handle cross strap and the adjustable cross strap. Ensure the top of the pack is facing the
equipment retainer straps and the lower back rest is toward the friction adapters.
Route the equipment retainer straps underneath the top of the frame, cross them on the back of the
pack to form an X, then route them underneath the frame and the backrest of the pack. (See
Figure 12-9.)
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Chapter 12
Figure 12-9. Harness routed
Route the equipment retainer straps through their appropriate friction adapters and form a two or
three finger quick release. S-fold the excess webbing and secure it with masking tape or retainer
bands. Do not secure the webbing fold to the quick release.
Route the male portion leg strap release assembly in the most direct route around the pack and attach
the male portion leg strap release assembly to the female portion leg strap release assembly.
Remove all slack from the adjustable leg strap then S-fold or roll excess webbing and secure it in the
webbing retainer. (See Figure 12-10.)
Figure 12-10. Leg straps routed
ATTACHMENT OF HOOK-PILE TAPE LOWERING LINE TO THE

HARNESS, SINGLE-POINT RELEASE
12-26. When attaching the HPT lowering line to the HSPR use the following sequence:
Route the looped end of the HPT lowering line under the X formed by the equipment retainer
straps from top to bottom (bottom to top), north to south (south to north).
Route the remainder of the HPT lowering line through the loop end of the HPT lowering line, then
pull it tight, forming a girth hitch around the X formed by the equipment retainer straps.
Route the HPT lowering line over the left shoulder carrying strap and secure it to the left side of the
frame by routing the ejector snap and HPT lowering line within the closed retainer flap through two
retainer bands from bottom to top as the ALICE pack is worn by the jumper.
12-12
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HARNESS ATTACHMENT, SINGLE-POINT RELEASE, AND ALICE

PACK TO PARACHUTIST
12-27. When completely rigged, the HSPR is attached to the parachutist in the following sequence:
Using the buddy system, the parachutist stands in front of the HSPR-rigged ALICE pack. He grasps
the harness by the two adjustable D-ring attaching straps and secures them to the D-rings on the main
lift web outside of the connector snaps of the MIRPS/T-10 reserve. (See Figure 12-11.) (When
jumping the T-11/MC-6 the snap hooks will be secured to the equipment rings just below the Drings.)
The parachutist pulls on the free running ends of the adjustable D-ring attaching straps and snugs the
pack under the reserve.
Note. Do not tighten too much so that the reserve parachute points skyward. Route the ejector snap
of the HPT lowering line through the nylon chafe material on the M1950 weapons case, from front to
rear, then attach the M1950 weapons case. Attach the ejector snap on the HPT lowering line to the
triangle link or D-ring as the outermost item of equipment.
October 2013
After the JM completes JMPI, he routes the male portion leg strap release assemblies around the
parachutists appropriate leg and attaches it to the female portion of the leg strap release assembly. If
the parachutist is exiting from the left paratroop door, the right adjustable leg strap will be routed
around the right leg, and the left adjustable leg strap is placed around the M1950 weapons case on
the jumpers left side. If the parachutist is exiting from the right paratroop door, the left adjustable
leg strap will routed around the jumpers left leg and M1950 weapons case and the right adjustable
leg strap will not be used. Adjustable leg straps may be tightly secured, but must not be so tight that
they prevent the parachutist from executing a strong exit. (See Figure 12-11.)
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12-13
Chapter 12
Figure 12-11. Parachutist adjusts leg straps
TANDEM LOAD ATTACHED TO PARACHUTIST

12-28. The attachment of the rigged pack to the parachutist is identical to the procedure described previously
(See Figure 12-12.), except
The lower tie-down tape is removed from the weapons case. If using the modified M1950 weapons
case with the lower tie-down strap, the strap is routed around the M1950 weapons case behind
adjustable strap and secured back to itself by the HPT.
After the M1950 weapons case is attached to the parachutist, the adjustable leg strap of the HSPR is
routed around the jumpers leg and the outside of the M1950 weapons case. Then the jumper tightens
the adjustable leg strap after receiving jump command STAND UP.
12-14
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October 2013
Figure 12-12. Tandem load attached
The long end of the upper tie-down tape on the weapons case is routed around the case and main lift
web directly above the chest strap of the parachute harness. It is tied with a single or double loop
bowknot on the leading edge of the M1950 weapons case.
TANDEM LOADS RELEASED AND LOWERED WITH HARNESS,

SINGLE-POINT RELEASE
12-29. Upon exiting the aircraft, the parachutist executes the first two points of performance and then, during
the third point of performance, unties the upper tie-down tape on the M1950 weapons case. He continues with
the following actions and considerations:
About 100 to 200 feet above the ground, the parachutist grasps the release handle and pulls up and
out quickly, while at the same time releasing the load (and leg straps) and allowing it to drop the
length of the HPT lowering line. Then the jumper pushes out on the activating arm of the quickrelease snap on the M1950 weapons case, and the case slides down the HPT lowering line to rest on
top of the ALICE pack.
The release handle is released immediately following separation of the load from the jumper. The
handle for releasing the load is secured to the HSPR with a release handle lanyard and stays with the
HSPR to prevent its loss or separation.
To jettison the combat equipment in an emergency, the parachutist lowers the pack, lowers the
M1950 weapons case, looks below to ensure there are no fellow jumpers, then pulls out on the
October 2013
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Chapter 12
yellow safety lanyard (attached to the ejector snap on the HPT lowering line), which allows the
ALICE pack to fall free. The jumper should make a mental note of where it lands.
JUMPING OF EXPOSED LOAD-BEARING EQUIPMENT

12-30. The procedures for rigging and wearing the protective mask carrier and the exposed load-bearing
equipment during airdrop operations are as follows. (See Figure 12-13.):
Figure 12-13. Binoculars and protective mask carrier rigged
PROTECTIVE MASK CARRIER

12-31. The exposed protective mask carrier is worn in the following manner when airdrop operations are
conducted:
Wrap the narrow waist strap around the carrier, underneath the flap of the lower outside pocket,
through the large O ring, and hook it to the small D-ring to close the quick opening flap.
CAUTION
Do not place masking tape on the mask carrier.
12-16
If LBE is to be jumped exposed, route the wide waist strap around the jumpers waist and hook it to
the large D-ring, before donning the parachute and LBE.
Place the aviator kit bag under the protective mask carrier. Route the parachute harness left leg strap
through the carrying handle of the aviator kit bag and connect it to the left ejector snap. Route the
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October 2013
parachute harness right leg strap directly to the right ejector snap. Do not attempt to secure the mask
carrier with the leg straps.
Adjust the length of the wide waist strap of the mask carrier so the entire mask carrier rests below the
hip pad of the ALICE pack, but not so low that it interferes with the parachutists ability to walk.
LOAD-BEARING EQUIPMENT
12-32. The LBE is worn in the following standard manner when airdrop operations are conducted:
Position the LBE just below the bottom of the parachute pack tray so that no portion of the parachute
harness (for example, waistband, horizontal backstrap, diagonal backstraps, and so forth) rests on any
major accessory item placed on the LBE (for example, canteen or ammunition pouch).
Ensure the LBE is not covering any point of contact (for example, thighs, buttocks, or pull up
muscle) and is not buckled in front. JMs and jumpers must not wear knives on a point of contact.
If a field pack is worn (for example, butt pack), make sure it does not contain any fragile items or
equipment in hard cases.
Tape any sharp-edged pieces of equipment, such as the wire cutter on the M9 bayonet sheath, with
tape to prevent snagging on other equipment.
Ensure proper wear of the LBE by fitting it snugly against the jumpers body to prevent it from
becoming entangled in risers, suspension lines, or equipment inside the aircraft.
Route the LBE through the parachute harness before donning, or wear it before donning the
parachute.
ENHANCED TACTICAL LOAD-BEARING VEST

12-33. The enhanced tactical load-bearing vest (ETLBV) must be in its full extended position. Both upper and
lower chest buckles and the pistol belt remain unfastened. The jumper removes all slack from the chest buckle
adjusting strap, S-folds or rolls the excess webbing, and secures with tape. After the jumper dons his parachute,
the pistol belt and canteens are routed below the horizontal backstrap and over the saddle. The ETLBV chestmounted, sewn-in magazine pouches are routed in the V formed by the horizontal backstraps.
SECTION V ADJUSTABLE INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS CASE

12-34. The parachutists M1950 weapons case is designed to carry individual or crew-served weapons. The
M1950 weapon case may also be modified for other configurations. It is 10 inches wide and is adjustable in
length from 33 1/2 inches to 50 1/2 inches. It is secured vertically by a quick-release snap attached to the left Dring on the parachute harness.
M1950 WEAPONS CASE SECURED TO PARACHUTIST

12-35. The upper tie-down tape is tied around the main lift web of the harness, and the lower tie-down tape
goes around the parachutists leg. If the weapons case has been modified, the lower tie-down strap (made of
HPT) is secured around the leg.
Note. When jumping the T-11/MC-6, the upper tie-down tape will be routed from bottom to top
through the left D-ring, and secured to lead edge of M1950 weapons case.
12-36. The following actions apply to the slide fastener:
Upon landing, the parachutist can secure his weapon quickly by opening the slide fastener, which is
protected by a closing flap.
The slide fastener is designed as a quick release. To activate it (when the case is closed), a sharp tug
on the slide fastener and tab thong (in the same direction as when zipping the container closed)
causes the slide fastener to come apart.
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Chapter 12
M1950 WEAPONS CASE ATTACHED TO PARACHUTIST

12-37. The M1950 weapons case is attached after the parachutist dons (and adjusts) the main and reserve
parachutes.
The quick-release snap is attached to the quick-release link on the case. The opening gate of the
quick-release snap faces the parachutist and is attached to the parachutists left D-ring (to the outside
of the reserve parachute connector snap).
The long end of the lower tie-down strap is passed around the outside of the M1950 weapons case
and in back of the left leg above the knee. Using a bowknot, the ends of are tied together on the front
leading edge of the weapons case. (The knot is untied before landing.) If the case has been modified
with a lower tie-down strap, the piles are pressed together.
The long end of the upper tie-down tape is routed around the M1950 weapons case and the left main
lift web of the parachute harness above the chest strap. Using single- or double-looped bowknot, the
ends are tied together on the lead edge of the M1950 weapons case.
SECTION VI M16/M4 RIFLE/M203 GRENADE LAUNCHER

12-38. The M16/M4 rifle or M203 grenade launcher can be jumped exposed or inside the M1950 weapons
case. If the field expedient method (weapon exposed) is used, the commander must consider that this may
increase risk of injury to the parachutists, and therefore, hinder success of the mission.
HAZARDS
12-39. Inherent hazards of the exposed weapon include
The weapon becoming entangled with another jumpers parachute if a midair collision occurs.
Possible injury to the parachutist during the PLF.
Damage to the weapon during landing, which may cause a failure to fire.
M16 RIFLE/M4/M203 GRENADE LAUNCHER EXPOSED

12-40. The sling is extended all the way, and the keeper is taped in place. The padding is secured over the
side-mounted bolt forward assist and charging handle by taking the following actions:
Place a plastic muzzle cap on the M16/M4 muzzle, or pad and tape the muzzle, optics, and laseraiming devices. This prevents the weapon from becoming entangled with the parachute suspension
lines or dirt from clogging the weapon during landing.
Insert a magazine into the weapon and tape the magazine to the receiver, including the ejector port
cover, to prevent loss of the magazine and debris from entering the bolt area. (Ensure that a round is
not chambered and the weapon is placed on SAFE).
Tape the hand guards to prevent loss upon impact when landing. (To aid in the removal of the
padding and tape, fold and press the adhesive side on the running end of the tape together to form a
quick-release pull tab.)
Secure the weapon with two tie-downs of quarter-inch cotton webbing (or a like item) with
bowknots. (See Figure 12-14.) Secure the sling to the diagonal backstrap with the upper tie-down,
which is a 12-inch tie strap. Secure the barrel of the rifle to the leg with a 24-inch strap to prevent
possible entanglement with suspension lines. Remove the lower tie-down before landing to avoid
personal injury.
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October 2013
Figure 12-14. Tie-downs
Sling the weapon over the left shoulder, with the muzzle down, and rotate it so that the pistol grip is
facing the (parachutists) rear. (See Figure 12-15.)
Place the sling from the lower keeper (stock) on the outside of the stock and over the left shoulder.
Then run it under the chest strap of the main lift web.
Thread the waistband through the carrying handle and into the metal adjuster on the waistband
adjuster panel. Tighten the waistband securely so the weapon lies snugly against the parachutists
side.
Figure 12-15. Rifle positioned with muzzle down
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Chapter 12
Prepare the M203 grenade launcher as listed above, but place additional padding and tape around it.
(See Figure 12-16.)
Figure 12-16. M203 grenade launcher, padded and taped
M16/M4 RIFLE/M203 GRENADE LAUNCHER PACKED IN M1950

12-41. The M1950 weapons case is laid flat with the closing flap facing up and opened. The weapon is
inserted muzzle end first into the case with the forward assist facing up. A 20-round magazine is placed in the
magazine well, if desired, but the parachutist ensures that a round is not chambered.
12-42. Close the case by using the flap thong, slide fastener and tab thong, and slide fastener. Leaving the
slide fastener 1 or 2 inches from the top, separate the slide fastener and tab thong over the male portion lift
fastener, and secure the female portion lift fastener to the male portion. If the lift fastener (or post) is
unserviceable, route the upper tie-down tape through the slide fastener and tab thong.
12-43. Stand the case on its end so the weapons muzzle is pointed up. Fold the excess case behind, route the
adjusting strap through the top set of adjusting strap connectors and secure it with a half hitch.
SECTION VII M240B MACHINE GUN

12-44. The M240B machine gun can be rigged on the individual parachutist or dropped as an accompanying
load. If worn by the individual, it is jumped as a tandem load.
M240B PACKED ASSEMBLED

12-45. The modified M1950 weapons case is laid down with the closing flap facing up. The muzzle of the
M240B is placed into the lower right corner of the weapons case. The weapon is pressed down until it is seated
inside the case with the operating bolt up.
M240B PACKED DISASSEMBLED

12-46. The M1950 weapons case is shortened to 36 inches and laid down with the closing flap facing up
(required when characteristics of a particular aircraft dictate length restrictions). It is packed as follows:
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October 2013
Disassemble the two groups by removing the barrel group.

Place the receiver group in the weapons case with the forearm assembly to the right and the cover
facing down.
Place the barrel group in the case with the front sight to the left and pointing down.
Fit in the barrel group by sliding it to the right as far as possible so that the bipod leg feet are not
opposite the trigger housing group.
Add padding between the two groups.
Note. When the M240B machine gun is team loaded, the accessory bag, spare barrel, and tripod are
placed in a separate weapons case and jumped by the assistant gunner. Both cases are usually tandem
rigged and lowered.
SECTION VIII M249 MACHINE GUN

12-47. The M249 can be rigged for lowering as a tandem load or individual load. Tandem rigging is the same
as for the M1950 weapons case and ALICE/MOLLE I pack.
M1950 WEAPONS CASE USE WITH M249 MACHINE GUN

12-48. A modified M1950 weapons case is used for the M249. The case is tagged with a white lower tie-down
strap on the outside and has an extended 6 1/2-inch closing flap, which allows the weapon to fit in the case. A
piece of cellulose wadding, about 20 by 10 inches, is folded to form a pad about 10 by 5 inches. This pad is
placed in the muzzle end of the case. A 30-round magazine may be jumped with the M249. The magazine is
taped to the left side of the butt stock. The M249 is placed inside the case muzzle first. The pistol grip is toward
the inside, and the carrying handle is facing up and away from the parachutists body.
ATTACHMENT TO PARACHUTIST
12-49. When rigging the M249 as a single item to be lowered (See Figure 12-17.), the parachutist attaches the
quick-release snap to the quick-release link. This ensures that the opening gate quick-release snap is facing
away from the main body of the M249/M1950 weapons case when the quick-release link is pointed toward the
top of the case. The parachutist does not route the quick-release link through the metal V-ring. No safety tie is
used. Then complete the following steps:
Step 1. Prepare the HPT lowering line by folding it in the normal manner. No HPT lowering line
should protrude from the retainer flaps. Secure each end of the HPT retainer flap with the HPT tab.
Route the looped end HPT lowering line from top to bottom through the V-ring of the M249/M1950
weapons case. Route the entire HPT lowering line through the looped end HPT lowering line,
forming a tight girth hitch around the V-ring.
Step 2. Place the HPT lowering line against the main body of the M249/M1950 weapons case to the
left of the nylon chafe material, which secures the V-ring and quick-release link. The lowering line
ejector snap points toward the top of the M249/M1950 weapons case. The 1-inch tubular nylon
webbing, which forms the looped end HPT lowering line, should rest between the retainer flap of the
HPT lowering line and the nylon chafe material.
Step 3. Secure the HPT lowering line with four turns of 1 inch wide masking tape-two turns are
routed around the main body directly below the quick-release link, and two turns are routed around
the main body directly above the upper set of the adjusting strap connectors.
12-50. To attach the M249 M1950 weapons case to the jumpers parachute harness, attach the quick-release
assembly to the left D-ring of the parachute harness as the outermost item of equipment. Route the lowering line
ejector snap below the quick-release assembly and attach it to the accessory attaching ring on the lowering line
adapter web, with the opening gate facing toward the parachutist. Secure the upper tie-down tape and lower tiedown strap.
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Chapter 12
Figure 12-17. M249 Machine gun rigged as single item to be lowered
SECTION IX M224 60-MM MORTAR

12-51. A modified M1950 weapons case is used for the M224 60-mm lightweight mortar. It is marked 60mm MOD on the outside and has an extended 11 3/4-inch closing flap.
MAJOR COMPONENTS
12-52. The components of the M224 are as follows (See Figure 12-18.):
Aiming posts with case.
M8 baseplate (small).
M64 sight unit.
M225 barrel.
M170 bipod assembly.
M7 baseplate (large).
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October 2013
Figure 12-18. Components, M224 60-mm mortar
LOAD DISTRIBUTION
12-53. The M224 crew members jump with the components described below.
GUNNER
12-54. The gunner will jump with the following equipment:
M224 barrel, in M1950 modified weapons case marked 60-mm MOD.
M8 baseplate, in ALICE/MOLLE I pack.
M64 sight unit, centered in ALICE/MOLLE I pack.
Assistant Gunner
12-55. The assistant gunner will jump with an M170 bipod that is in an M1950 modified weapons gunner
assembly case marked 60-mm MOD.
AMMUNITION BEARER
12-56. The ammunition bearer will jump with the following equipment:
Ammunition, in ALICE/MOLLE I pack.
M7 baseplate, in ALICE/MOLLE I pack (outer pocket of ALICE/MOLLE I pack).
Aiming posts, in ALICE/MOLLE I pack (on top) with case.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR RIGGING

12-57. Instructions for rigging the M224 60-mm mortar are described below.
GUNNER
12-58. Place the barrel inside the case, muzzle down. Pack the small baseplate and sight unit inside the
ALICE/MOLLE I pack. Pad the sight unit with clothing or cellulose wadding to absorb the impact shock.
Tandem rig the pack and case for lowering. (See Figure 12-19.)
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Chapter 12
Figure 12-19. M224 60-mm mortar barrel packed
ASSISTANT GUNNER
12-59. Place the bipod assembly inside the case, ensuring that the traversing mechanism is in the middle of the
case. (See Figures 12-20 and 12-21.) Secure the closing flap. Tandem rig the case and pack for lowering. (See
Figure 12-22.)
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October 2013
Figure 12-20. M224 60-mm mortar bipod with case
Figure 12-21. M224 60-mm mortar bipod in case
Figure 12-22. Assistant gunners case completed for jumping
AMMUNITION BEARER
12-60. Place the aiming posts under the top flap of the pack and secure with quarter-inch cotton webbing to
the top of the frame or vertical equipment hangers on the ALICE/MOLLE I pack. (See Figure 12-23.) Place the
large baseplate over the outer accessory pouches and secure to the top of the frame with 1/2-inch tubular nylon
webbing. (See Figure 12-24.) Route the free running ends of the pack adjusting straps through the baseplate
(over, under, and over) and secure. (See Figure 12-25.) Secure the H-harness to the pack and baseplate, ensuring
that the equipment retainer straps are routed under the baseplate (top of the ALICE/MOLLE I pack [See Figure
12-26.]) and over the baseplate (bottom of the ALICE/MOLLE I pack).
Notes. 1. Protect ammunition with cellulose wadding or clothing in ALICE/MOLLE I pack.
October 2013
2.
Do not exceed weight limitations of the ALICE/MOLLE I packs (large, 95 pounds;

medium, 70 pounds).
3.
Do not exceed weight limitation of parachute (360 pounds rigged weight for the T-10
series and the MC-1 series, 400 pounds for T-11 or MC-6 Personnel Parachute System).
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Chapter 12
Figure 12-23. Aiming posts packed and

secure
Figure 12-24. Large baseplate secured to

frame
Figure 12-25. Pack adjusting straps routed

through baseplate
Figure 12-26. H-harness secured to pack

and baseplate
SECTION X AT4 JUMP PACK (AT4JP)

12-61. The parachutists AT4JP is designed to carry one AT4 round (SM 136) and one M16 rifle, M4, or M4
with M203. The jump pack consists of a pack body constructed of heavy nylon duct and 1/4 inch thick felt
padding. When the jump pack is rigged with the AT4 weapon round, M16, shock absorber and one 7-inch by 7inch honeycomb paperboard, it is 47 inches by 9 inches, and weighs approximately 29 pounds. It is secured
vertically by a quick-release snap to the left D-ring of the parachutists harness. The AT4JP must be jumped
with a front-mounted ALICE pack for stability of the jumper during exit and never jumped as a single item of
equipment.
COMPONENTS
12-62. To prevent the jump pack from swaying during the parachutists exit from the aircraft or the opening
shock of the parachute, one tie-down tape is provided. The upper tie-down secures the pack to the main lift web
and adjustable legs trap for lowering combat equipment.
12-63. The AT4JP and ALICE must be rigged as a tandem load, so a modified HPT lowering line is required.
The looped end of the modified HPT lowering line is attached to the "X formed by the HSPR on the back of
the ALICE pack. The ejector snap on the opposite end is attached to the triangle link on the left side of the
parachutists harness.
12-64. The shock absorber (polyurethane/honeycomb) configuration at the aft end of the jump pack is
intended to prevent damage to the AT4 weapon round during ground impact. Upon landing, the parachutist can
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October 2013
rapidly gain access to the weapon round and M16/M203 by pulling the quick-release folds rigged into the jump
pack securing straps. The total assembly is shown in Figure 12-27.
Figure 12-27. AT4 nomenclature
AT4 JUMP PACK RIGGED

12-65. To prepare the pack, the parachutist lays the pack down with the felt side of the pack facing up and
extends all securing straps.
POSITIONING THE M136/AT4 WEAPON ROUND

12-66. The proper way to position the M136 is as follows:
Position the weapon round on the pack with the carrying sling facing down, the launcher forward
(small) end fitted into the forward end securing strap, and the launcher aft (large) end centered on the
middle launcher aft end securing strap. (See Figure 12-28.)
Ensure that the launcher forward (small) end fits snugly into the nonadjustable cross D-ring strap.
Fold the portion of the pack, where the rifle muzzle and butt stow pockets are attached, over the
weapon round.
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Chapter 12
Figure 12-28. AT4 weapon round positioned
POSITIONING THE M16/M4

12-67. The proper way to position the M16/M4 is as follows:
Insert a 20-round magazine into the rifle (optional).
Secure a 30-round magazine to the sling of the rifle or butt stock, using adhesive tape (optional).
Insert the rifle muzzle into the muzzle stow pocket and place the butt in the rifle butt stow pocket
with the forward assist facing up. (See Figure 12-29.)
Figure 12-29. Positioning the M16
12-28
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October 2013
CLOSING PACK
12-68. Rotate the unfolded portion over the rifle and weapon round snugly, which includes the following:
Route the four side securing straps through the quick fit adapters and tighten, then thread the end
through the adapter, forming a quick-release fold. Fold the strap excess back under its corresponding
quick fit adapter. The quick-release fold will be secured by masking tape or retainer bands. (See
Figure 12-30.)
Figure 12-30. Pack closed
Insert the cone-shaped end of the launcher aft end shock absorber into the launch tube aft end.
Position the 7- by 7-inch square honeycomb on the shock absorber flat surface. If the shock absorber
is missing from the training round, replace it with two 7- by 7-inch cardboard honeycomb energy
dissipaters. Thread the end of the securing strap through the launcher aft end securing strap keeper.
Route the two aft end securing straps over the cardboard honeycomb through each quick fit adapter
and tighten. Excess webbing may be tied or taped. (See Figure 12-31.) Route the launcher forward
end securing strap under the nonadjustable cross D-ring strap through the quick fit adapter and
tighten. Excess webbing may be tied or taped.
Figure 12-31. Running ends secured

Note. The procedures for rigging the AT4JP vary at this point, depending on the method used to
lower the parachutists equipment. Follow paragraphs 12-58 and 12-61 if a single lowering line
(tandem) is used.
AT4 JUMP PACK AND ALICE PACK RIGGED

12-69. To attach the quick-release snap, the parachutist attaches it to the quick-release link that is routed
through the D-ring or equipment ring. The opening gate should face away from the pack.
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Chapter 12
STOWING STANDARD LOWERING LINE

12-70. To stow the lowering line, do the following:
S-fold the lowering line neatly on top of the web inside the retainer, ensuring the ends are stacked
evenly with the retainer flap outer edges. Secure the pile tab on the web located at the ejector snap
end to hook extension on retainer.
Fold the hook side of the flap tightly over the S-folded lowering line, and holding it firmly, fold the
pile side of flap over and secure hook and pile together.
Secure the pile extension on the flap retainer to the hook tab at the loop end of the lowering line. (See
Figure 12-32.)
Figure 12-32. Hook-pile tape lowering line stowed

Note. The hook-pile tape located on the retainer flap and at each end of the stowed lowering line
assembly must be secured firmly and without slack to prevent line spillage. To provide a secure
closure of the hook and pile, press them firmly, evenly, and smoothly together without puckers.
SECURING ATTACHING WEB TO STANDARD LOWERING LINE

12-71. The proper way of securing attaching web to standard lowering line is to
Attach the lowering line to the lowering line attaching strap by routing the loop of the lowering line
through the small loop end of the lowering line attaching strap.
Route the lowering line through its own loop and pull tight. (See Figure 12-33.)
Figure 12-33. Attaching strap secured
12-30
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October 2013
Note. Before attachment of the reserve parachute, individual equipment, and AT4JP, ensure the
canopy release assemblies of the T-10 series harness are in the hollows of the parachutists shoulders
for a proper fit. Adjust an improperly fitted harness by repositioning the diagonal backstraps to the
size channel that correctly fits the parachutist. A properly adjusted T-10 series harness on the
parachutist ensures that the reserve parachute, individual equipment, and AT4JP are in the proper
position. An improperly fitted harness with a full equipment and weapon load is uncomfortable and
could result in problems during ground movement prior to enplaning, movement in the aircraft,
aircraft exit, and main parachute deployment.
ATTACHED EQUIPMENT - STOWED LOWERING LINE

12-72. To rig the ALICE pack with frame, the parachutists ALICE pack with frame is prepared following
procedures listed in paragraph 12-13, with the following exception: secure the stowed lowering line to the right
side (as worn on the parachutist) on the vertical pack frame bar in two places with two turns of masking tape or
two sets of retainer bands. The lowering line ejector snap faces up and to the right or left. (See Figure 12-34.)
Continue with the following actions:
Attach the adjustable D-ring attaching strap snap hooks (on rigged ALICE pack) to the harness Drings outside of the reserve connector snaps.
Secure the ALICE pack to the parachute harness.
Attach the Modified HPT lowering line ejector snap from the ALICE pack to the left triangle link on
the improved T-10 harness.
Secure the AT4JP by attaching the quick-release snap to the left D-ring outside of the left adjustable
D-ring attaching strap snap hook. Ensure that the opening gate of the quick-release snap is closed and
the quick-release snap is locked to the D-ring or equipment ring.
Route the upper tie-down tape under and around the left main lift web directly below the chest strap.
Tie snugly with a double loop bowknot on the front of the AT4JP where it is easy for the parachutist
to reach.
Route the left adjustable leg strap of the HSPR around the outside of the AT4JP, then retighten.)
Tie snugly with a double loop bowknot on the front of the AT4JP where it is easy for the parachutist
to reach.
Route the lower tie-down tape around the AT4JP and the left leg. Tie with a double loop bowknot on
the front of the AT4JP where it is easy to reach. (If the HSPR is used, remove the lower tie-down on
the AT4JP and route the left leg strap of the HSPR around the outside of the AT4JP, then retighten.)
Figure 12-34. Modified hook-pile tape lowering line stowed for tandem load
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Chapter 12
ATTACHED EQUIPMENT - MODIFIED STOWED LOWERING LINE

12-73. To rig the ALICE pack with frame, the parachutists ALICE pack with frame is prepared following
procedures listed in paragraph 12-13 with the following exception: secure the modified stowed lowering line to
the left side (as worn on the parachutist) on the vertical pack frame bar in two places with two sets of retainer
bands. The lowering line ejector snap faces up and to the right or left. Continue with the following actions:
Attach the D-ring attaching strap snap hooks (on rigged ALICE pack) to the harness D-rings outside
of the reserve connector snaps.
Secure the ALICE pack to the parachutists leg.
Stand the rigged AT4JP next to the parachutists left side.
Grasp the ejector snap of the modified HPT lowering line already attached to the ALICE pack and
route (from bottom to top) through the D-ring opening at the center of the pack, upper tie-down chafe
loop, and top D-ring located at the aft end. Position the 18-inch strata blue marking on the modified
HPT lowering line even with the D-ring on top of the AT4JP. (See Figure 12-35.)
Figure 12-35. Attachment of equipment to parachutist
12-32
Attach the quick-release snap to the AT4JP. The snap opening faces away from the pack.
Attach the modified HPT lowering line ejector snap to the triangle link adapter web.
Secure the AT4JP by attaching the quick-release assembly to the left D-ring outboard of the HSPR
connector snap. Ensure that the quick-release safety gate is closed, the quick-release snap is locked to
the D-ring, and the quick-release assembly release lever is fully seated (do not safety tie). The
harness left D-ring snap attachment sequence is inboard to outboard as follows: reserve, HSPR, and
AT4JP quick-release snap.
Tie snugly with a double loop bowknot on the front of the AT4JP where it is easy to reach. (See
Figure 12-36.)
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Figure 12-36. Routing upper tie-down
October 2013
Route the left leg strap of the HSPR around the jumpers leg and around the outside of the AT4JP,
then attach back to the HSPR and tighten. (See Figure 12-37.)
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Chapter 12
Figure 12-37. Left adjustable leg strap routed around the AT4JP
ALICE PACK AND AT4 JUMP PACK RELEASED

12-74. The upper tie-down tape on the AT4JP is released as described below.
LOWERING ALICE PACK

12-75. The following actions must be performed:
At approximately 200 feet above the ground, look below to ensure there are no fellow jumpers.
Grasp the release handle and pull up and out. This simultaneously releases the ALICE pack from the
adjustable D-ring attaching straps and from the jumpers legs. This will allow the load to drop the
length of the modified HPT lowering line.
Push out on the activating arm of the quick-release snap to allow the AT4JP to slide down the
modified HPT lowering line to the ALICE pack.
12-34
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October 2013
Note. To jettison the ALICE pack and AT4JP in an emergency, the parachutist (after performing the
above) lifts the reserve up and pulls the yellow safety lanyard on the modified HPT lowering line
ejector snap, allowing the ALICE pack and AT4JP to fall free.
WARNING
Under no circumstances will the parachutist release the AT4JP before
releasing the ALICE pack.
Upon landing, remove the modified HPT lowering line by pulling the line through the two D-rings
and disassembling the girth hitch on the harness single-point release.
Store the AT4JP modified HPT lowering line and polyurethane shock absorber with the AT4JP for
reuse.
RIGGING THE IOTV VEST WITH THE ATPS/T-11 PARACHUTE

SYSTEM
12-76. The vest is donned according to established procedures. The vest can be worn with or without front and
rear enhanced small arms protective insert plates. The groin, lower back protectors, and side plates are rigged in
the jumpers backpack. Larger jumpers may require the waistband extension strap.
WARNING
No other equipment is authorized to be attached to the MOLLE
attachment loops on the improved outer tactical vest.
INSTALLING WAISTBAND EXTENSION STRAP

12-77. To install the waistband extension strap, thread the end of the waistband through both sides of the
waistband extension adjuster and make a quick release fold, leaving only enough of the free end to permit
grasping for release. Thread the free end of the waistband extension strap through the adjuster on the parachute
harness assembly and thread it back through both sides of the adjuster, ensuring a positive locking action. Make
adjustments to the length of the waistband at the parachute assembly adjuster to prevent the quick release fold in
the waistband from slipping under the reserve parachute waistband keeper. S-roll the excess webbing and secure
with a retainer band. (See Figures 12-38 and 12-39.)
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Chapter 12
Figure 12-38. Waistband extension strap, installed
Figure 12-39. Waistband extension, locally manufactured

12-78. The jumpmaster leaves his right hand in place and moves to the jumpers right side. He inserts his left
hand, fingers and thumb extended and joined with fingers pointed skyward and his palm facing him. The
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jumpmaster moves his left hand, which is behind the waistband, from the bottom to the top as close as possible
to where the waistband is sewn into the pack tray. He looks at where the waistband is sewn into the pack tray to
make sure that it is secured to the pack tray by a single X box stitch with at least 50 percent of the stitching
present. He traces the waistband forward, ensuring it is not twisted, cut, frayed, or misrouted behind the
horizontal backstrap or right main lift web. He continues to trace the waistband forward until he makes contact
with the right waistband retainer. The jumpmaster now moves his right hand from the jumpers chest strap. He
inserts his right hand behind the reserve, fingers and thumb extended and joined with fingers pointed skyward
and his palm facing him. The jumpmaster moves his right hand from the bottom to the top behind the reserve
with the left waistband retainer in his palm all the while making finger tip to finger tip contact. He ensures the
waistband is routed through both waistband retainers and is not twisted. Leaving his left hand in place, the
jumpmaster uses his right hand to continue to trace the waistband until he makes contact with the metal adjuster
to ensure it is not twisted, cut, or frayed and is not misrouted behind the left main lift web or horizontal
backstrap. He removes his left hand from behind the reserve and inserts his left index finger and middle finger
from top to bottom into the quick release formed by the waistband. He must use no more than three fingers and
not less than two fingers to do this. He also ensures that it is not a false quick release. He then removes his
index finger and middle finger from the quick release and with his left index finger and thumb pinches off the
free running end of the waistband where it emerges from the metal adjuster. He traces the free running end of
the waistband until his fingers fall off the end to ensure the waistband is not cut, torn, or frayed and is easily
accessible to the jumper. He continues to trace the waistband extension until he makes contact with the metal
adjuster to make certain the waistband extension is not twisted, cut, or frayed and is not misrouted. The
jumpmaster ensures the waistband extension is threaded back through both sides of the adjuster ensuring a
positive locking action. He also makes sure that any excess webbing is secured with a retainer band. The
jumpmaster uses his left hand to grasp the carrying handle of the reserve, with his palm facing the reserve and
focuses his attention on his right hand and the waistband adjuster panel. With his right hand, the jumpmaster
traces the waistband adjuster panel back to where it is sewn into the pack tray to ensure that it is not twisted,
cut, or frayed. While tracing the waistband adjuster panel, he makes certain that the waistband is not misrouted
behind the horizontal backstrap and that it is properly secured to the pack tray by a single X box stitch with at
least 50 percent of the stitching present. The jumpmaster returns to the normal JMPI sequence.
SECTION XI WEAPONS/EQUIPMENT CONTAINER SYSTEM

12-79. The AIRPAC is a lightweight nylon equipment pack system used to enclose a jump load. The AIRPAC
front-mount container can accommodate all size packs, radios, and 60-mm mortar with base plate or bipod. The
side-mount container can hold one AT4, M4, M24, M249, M240B machine gun, and other ancillary equipment.
COMPONENTS
12-80. The AIRPAC consists of the front-mount container, the side-mount container, and the parachutists
individual equipment rapid release (PIE/R2) release mechanism.
RIGGING LOADS IN FRONT-MOUNT CONTAINER

12-81. Loads in the front-mount container are rigged according to the equipment used.
RIGGING ALICE AND FIELD PACKS, LARGE, INTERNAL FRAME

12-82. ALICE packs and FPLIFs are rigged in the following manner:
Extend all retaining straps outward to their limits. (The retainer strap with the circular closing flap is
the top of the container.)
Place the container so that the retaining straps face the ground and the parachute recovery bag faces
up.
Fold the parachute recovery bag (PRB) so that no portions protrude outside the container limits.
Place pack on the PRB. Ensure the circular release rings on the bottom of the container are not
constrained by the pack. The ALICE pack is jumped upside down with the waist pad against the front
of the thighs. The FPLIF is jumped right side up.
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Bring the right side of the container material up first, then the left side and the bottom flap, and then
the top flap.
Place the circular closing flap on top of the pack and open the circular closing flap by pulling the tab.
Bring the left, right, and bottom retaining straps to the center of the circular closing flap and route the
white grommet securing loop through each grommet of the retaining straps. No specific order is
required. Bring the top flap material up last. Place the cotter pin through the white grommet securing
loop.
Tighten all retaining straps, ensuring that the circular closing flap remains centered on the ALICE
pack. Adjust the protective flaps to stow excess fabric. Close the circular closing flap using three
hook pile tabs.
Underhand fold the free running ends of the retaining straps toward the friction adapters and secure
them under the webbing retainers.
Note. The circular release rings should be exposed on the top flap of the front-mount container. If the
rigged pack is above the rings and restricts movement of the rings, the load must be adjusted.
RIGGING RELEASE MECHANISM OF FRONT-MOUNT CONTAINER

12-83. Use this procedure to rig the front-mount container release mechanism:
Stand the rigged pack in an upright position with the bottom of the AIRPAC facing the jumper.
Route release handle cables through the cross strap on top of the container and secure the HPT.
With the attaching strap snap hook facing down and towards the jumper, route the circular ring of the
attaching strap (from bottom to top) through the circular release ring on top of the container. Fold the
circular ring of the attaching strap back over and route the red attaching loop through the attaching
ring on the attaching strap.
With the cable loop retainer on the female portion of the leg strap release assembly facing up, route
the red attaching loop from bottom to top through the grommet on the female portion of the leg strap
release assembly. Route the release handle cable through the red attaching loop and then through the
cable loop retainer. Repeat this sequence for the other strap.
RIGGING HOOK-PILE TAPE LOWERING LINE

12-84. The HPT lowering line is rigged by taking the following actions:
Select the desired landing orientation of the front-mount container (horizontally or vertically) and
attach the short bridle to the appropriate triangle link.
Route the looped end of the HPT lowering line through the unsewn portion of the short bridle and
form a girth hitch. Place a retainer band around the nylon tab located inside the closure flaps. Route
the HPT lowering line through the retainer band and stow in the retention pocket. Secure the HPT.
For transportation, attach the ejector snap to the primary short bridle triangle link.
RIGGING LOADS FOR SIDE-MOUNT CONTAINER

12-85. Rigging procedures for the side-mount container are as follows:
Place the side-mount container on the ground with the friction adapters facing down and the free
running ends of the internal securing strap to the right. Then, position packing material flush with the
bottom edge of the fabric flaps and place the weapon on the container in the following orientation.
(See Table 12-3).
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Table 12-3. Packed weapon orientation and packing material required for side-mount container
WEAPON
PACKED ORIENTATION
PACKING MATERIAL
M240B MG/SAW
Muzzle up
None required
AT4
Muzzle up
1 piece honeycomb on bottom
60-mm Mortar
Muzzle down
1 piece 6- by 6-inch honeycomb on bottom
Tape and pad exposed or protruding parts (such as sight posts, grip stocks, or bipods) with a soft
material such as cellulose wadding or an adequate substitute.
Center load on the internal securing strap and pull lower fabric flap over packing material. Route free
running end of internal securing strap through the friction adapter on the lower fabric cap. Place
floating V-ring of internal securing strap on the top center of the load. Form a 5- to 6-inch quick
release in the strap and tighten. From the top, fold excess weapons container material downward until
flush with the top of the load.
Wrap unpadded fabric flap over weapon. Bring padded fabric flap over load and loosely secure
container retaining straps to friction adapters; form a 5- to 6-inch quick release in the strap. Do not
tighten strap.
Note. If jumping an individual weapon, place weapon muzzle down in container slide fastener
compartment. Secure the slide fastener.
Tighten the container retaining straps (with quick releases). S-fold excess webbing and secure to the
quick-release loop with two turns of a retainer band, leaving a 3-inch tail. Secure drawstring on top
of the container with a quick-release knot, if necessary.
RIGGING AIRPAC AS TANDEM LOAD HPT LOWERING LINE

12-86. The AIRPAC is rigged as a tandem load with HPT lowering line by taking the following actions:
If the HPT lowering line is attached to the front-mount container, detach and place to the side. Using
the extended bridle, place the looped end through unsewn portion of short bridle and secure with a
girth hitch. Route looped end of HPT lowering line through floating V-ring of extended bridle and
form a girth hitch.
Stow the HPT lowering line in the retention pocket. Stow extended bridle excess in the retention
pocket, allowing for a 2-foot running end. Secure the retention pocket and attach the ejector snap of
the HPT lowering line to the accessory attaching ring, triangle link, or left D-ring on the parachutists
harness.
After the side-mount container is attached to the jumper, the extended bridle snap hook is attached to
the V-ring on the top of the side-mount container.
AIRPAC ATTACHED TO PARACHUTIST

12-87. The AIRPAC is attached to parachutist using the PIE/R2 release mechanism as follows:
Place the front-mount container attaching straps under the reserve parachute and attach the frontmount container snap hooks to the enlarged D-rings on the outside of the reserve connector snaps
(same as a single-point release system).
Attach the HPT lowering line ejector snap to the parachutist harness lowering line adapter web.
Note. When using the PIE/R2 release mechanism, ensure the harness has a lowering line adapter web
or new harness triangle link.
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Attach the PIE/R2 release mechanism to the side-mount container (located on jumpers left side) by
placing the hook portion of the snap shackle with the hook through the quick-release link from top to
bottom. The spring loaded gate should face away from the container. Remember to hook the gate
toward jumpers groin muscle.
Open the snap shackle with hook, attach to the D-ring on the outside of the attaching strap snap hook
from back to front, and close the snap shackle.
Take the extended bridle snap hook and attach to floating V-ring on top of side container. Secure
extended bridle under retention flap on container.
On the PIE/R2 release mechanism, route the upper attaching strap around the back of the side-mount
container, through the main lift web, and above the chest strap. With orange release handle facing
forward on the side-mount container, route the grommet tab through the looped end of the upper
attachment strap, over the red attaching loop, and secure with cable. Tighten the upper strap,
ensuring that the orange release handle stays on the front portion of the side-mount container.
Connect the white release lanyard snap hook to the short bridle attaching the V ring on the top of the
front-mount container. Listen for a metallic click and pull to ensure the snap hook is secure.
Attach the leg straps, ensuring the left leg strap is also routed around the side container. Tighten and
secure. Stow excess webbing under webbing retainers.
SECTION XII STINGER MISSILE JUMP PACK

12-88. The SMJP provides a means for the air delivery of the Stinger Missile System when it is attached to a
jumper during airborne operations. The SMJP is an over-pack body constructed of nylon duck material, shock
absorbing material, nylon securing straps, an HPT lowering line, and a quick-release snap shackle.
WARNING
Parachutists carrying the SMJP will jump from the first two positions
in the stick only. Parachutists who are less than 5 feet 8 inches tall
are not permitted to jump the SMJP. The SMJP is authorized to be
jumped from C-130 and C-17 aircraft only.
COMPONENTS
12-89. Components of the Stinger missile jump pack are as follows:
A pack body constructed of nylon duck material, shock absorbing material, nylon securing straps, an
HPT lowering line, and a quick-release snap shackle.
When rigged with a Stinger missile round, the SMJP is 12 by 68 inches and weighs approximately 38
pounds. It is secured vertically by the quick-release snap shackle to the left D-ring on the
parachutists harness. To prevent the SMJP from swaying during exit and deployment of the
parachute, the parachutist uses the nylon webbing tie-downs to secure the SMJP to the left leg and to
the parachute harness at chest level.
The HPT lowering line with a 6-foot extension is part of the SMJP system. The web loop end of the
lowering line extension is attached to the SMJP with the HPT lowering line ejector snap routed
through the D-ring on the other end of the extension sling and to the lowering line adapter web on the
parachute harness. The HPT lowering line is attached to a front-mount container (ALICE pack, large,
or the FPLIF) which contains the detachable Stinger weapon round components (grip stock,
identification friend or foe [IFF], and the three battery coolant units [BCUs]). The parachutist lowers
the SMJP and ALICE pack by pulling the SMJP quick-release assembly. Upon landing, the
parachutist can rapidly gain access to the Stinger.
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RIGGING PROCEDURES
12-90. Throughout the rigging procedure, duct tape and masking tape are used to tape various parts of the
webbing. The jumper can use duct tape for masking tape, except where the procedures state masking tape
only. Throughout the instructions, the phrases forward end and aft end are used to describe the SMJP,
Stinger missile round, and field handling trainer (FHT). The forward end is nearest the grip stock and sight
assembly; the aft end is furthest from the grip stock and sight assembly. Rigging procedures for the Stinger
missile jump pack are as follows:
STINGER ROUND
12-91. Before rigging the SMJP, inspect the Stinger round or FHT per TM 9-1425-429-12. A Stinger round
exhibiting damage must not be jumped under any circumstances. It must be returned to the ammunition supply
point for repair. An FHT that exhibits signs of general minor damage and no major ruptures or cracks may be
jumped if the damage does not exceed safe or serviceable limits. Pad the Stinger round with a 6 inch wide piece
of cellulose wadding placed around the aft end of the round near, but not on, the blowout disk. Tape the
wadding with masking tape only.
AFT FOAM END CAP

12-92. Place the foam end cap on the aft end of the missile round, one half at a time, ensuring the foam posts
slide into the holes in the opposite end cap half. The end cap should fit snugly. If not, check to see that both
halves fit together without any gaps and there is enough cellulose wadding about the missile round. Tape the
foam end cap halves together using duct tape.
FRONT COVER
12-93. Make sure the front cover is on firmly. If loose, use a pen (or similar object) to press in the three rubber
spacers on the cover. Push each spacer in evenly to achieve a firm fit between the cover and the missile round.
The cover should slide on snugly when properly adjusted. Make sure the tab on the cover aligns with the notch
on the missile round. When the cover is properly fitted, the lollipop should be visible when looking through
the sight.
FORWARD FOAM END CAP

12-94. Place the foam end cap on the forward end of the missile round in the same fashion, ensuring that the
lollipop on the front cover is positioned in the cutout of the foam end cap. Tape the foam end caps together
using duct tape, ensuring that there are no gaps.
SIGHT
12-95. Flip up the sight on the missile round with the following actions:
Fold a piece of cellulose wadding, making a piece that is 6 by 24 inches. Place the wadding under the
sight and lower the sight down onto the wadding. Make sure the wadding is not placed over the clip.
Firmly press down on the sight to make the wadding fill the gap between the sight and the missile
round and lock the sight into position.
Loosely wrap cellulose wadding around the entire sight area until the wadding measures about 11 to
12 inches in diameter, about the same as the diameter of the foam end cap. Tape the wadding in place
using masking tape only.
STINGER ROUND POSITIONING

12-96. Place the SMJP on the ground, felt side up. Make sure all straps are extended. Position the missile in
the SMJP with the aft foam end cap fitted in the SMJP nonadjustable end strap bridle and with the missile round
carrying strap facing up.
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STINGER MISSILE JUMP PACK CLOSING

12-97. Fold the pack around the missile, keeping the securing strap quick fit adjusters on the outside of the
pack. This step includes the following actions:
Route the side securing straps through the quick fit adjusters using a quick-release fold. Loosely
tighten the straps to form the SMJP around the missile. Do not tighten the straps.
Place the SMJP on the aft end so the free running end straps are on top. Route the end straps through
the quick fit adapter opposite of each strap. Sit on the ground, place the foot on the forward end cap,
and tighten the adjustable straps. Tighten the end straps. Do not use a quick release.
Place the pack on the side and tighten the side securing straps, using a quick release. Tighten the side
securing straps so the pack overlaps the entire length of the round. S-fold excess webbing and tape,
using masking tape only.
Note. If there is a gap near the sight assembly, remove cellulose wadding until the gap is closed.
Stand the SMJP on the aft end cap. Center a 6- by 6-inch piece of honeycomb on the forward end
cap. Route the free running end straps over the honeycomb, through the opposite quick fit adapters,
and tighten to form an X over the honeycomb.
Secure straps with a quick release.
S-fold excess webbing and tape with duct tape.
ATTACHMENT OF THE QUICK-RELEASE ASSEMBLY

12-98. Secure the quick-release web and SMJP HPT by taking the following actions:
Route the coated wires into the fabric guides.
Hook the quick-release shackle onto the appropriate O-ring on the SMJP. The lowest O-ring is for
jumpers 5 feet and 8 inches to 5 feet and 10 inches tall, the middle O-is for jumpers 5 feet and10
inches to 6 feet tall, and the highest O-ring for jumpers 6 feet and taller. When the SMJP is attached
to the jumpers proper O-ring, it will keep the item of equipment from dragging on the ground.
Note. The quick-release handle must face toward the jumpers rear.
WARNING
A parachute harness with too much slack, or with the incorrect SMJP
D-ring, will cause the SMJP to drag on the aircraft floor and can result
in jumper injury when he exits the aircraft.
WEAPON COMPONENTS RIGGING

12-99. The grip stock, IFF, and the three BCUs are packed in the ALICE pack or FPLIF where they can be
quickly recovered on the DZ. When packing, parachutists should take the following actions:
To protect the weapon components, load hard items in the lower portion of the pack, place soft items
on top of the hard items, and pack the Stinger weapon components on top of the soft items near the
top of the pack.
Wrap each component with one wrap of cellulose wadding and secure with masking tape only.
GRIP STOCK ANTENNA

12-100. The grip stock antenna must be in the folded position. Secure the grip stock antenna attaching clip in
the closed position, with masking tape only.
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IDENTIFICATION FRIEND OR FOE

12-101. The interconnecting cable must remain attached to the IFF and wrapped separately to avoid metal to
metal contact between the cable and IFF. Secure the wrapped cable to the wrapped IFF. Ensure the electrical
outlet protecting cap is in place.
STINGER MISSILE JUMP PACK ATTACHED TO PARACHUTIST

12-102. The SMJP is the last item attached to the parachute harness, and it consists of the following steps:
Secure the SMJP to the parachute harness by attaching the quick-release snap shackle to the left Dring, ensuring it opens away from the jumper.
Note. Failure to place the snap shackle away from the jumper may cause the SMJP to hang when the
release is activated.
Route the lowering line ejector snap hook through the SMJP lowering line extension sling D-ring and
connect to the lowering line adapter web.
Secure the lowering line and SMJP HPT.
Secure the lowering line extension to the SMJP and tape with masking tape only. Make sure there is
no slack in the lowering line extension.
Route the chest tie-down around the left main lift web directly below the chest strap and around the
SMJP. Route the chest tie-down strap with grommet through the chest tie-down loop. Route the red
fabric loop through the grommet and place the coated wire through the red loop.
Route the leg tie-down around the parachutists left leg, through the frame on the ALICE pack or
through the nearest equipment retaining ban on the FPLIF, and around the SMJP. Secure in the same
manner as the chest tie-down.
Attach a 6- to 8-foot doubled piece of quarter-inch, 80-pound cotton webbing to the SMJP carrying
handle. Route the cotton webbing through a secure loop on or near the bottom of the front-mount
ALICE pack and tie to the handle of the HSPR.
Note. The jumper must use the HSPR when jumping the SMJP.
INDIVIDUAL JUMP PROCEDURES

12-103. The SMJP must be jumped with a front-mount container, and consider the following:
At the 20-minute warning, a safety attaches the SMJP to the parachutist and inspects it.
At exit, the jumper must not assume a tight body position. A tight body position causes severe twists
and may flip the jumper through his risers. It also causes entanglement in suspension lines. After the
jumpers second point of performance, he will release the handle cable allowing the SMJP to be
pushed away from the jumpers body, enabling proper canopy control.
About 200 to 100 feet above the ground, the jumper ensures the area below is clear and activates the
release handle by pulling the red release handle down and away from his body with the left hand.
The SMJP falls the length of the lowering line.
Note. To jettison the SMJP, the parachutist lowers the SMJP and pulls out on the yellow lanyard
attached to the quick ejector snap.
SECTION XIII RANGER ANTIARMOR/ANTIPERONNEL WEAPONS SYSTEM

12-104. The AT4JP can be used to secure the Ranger Antiarmor/Antipersonnel Weapon System (RAAWS)
during airborne operations.
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COMPONENTS AND CONTAINER DESCRIPTION

12-105. The RAAWS consists of three main components plus the cleaning kit and gun mount.
MAIN COMPONENTS
12-106. The main components are the weapon system, the telescopic sighting system, and various types of
loads. They are described as follows:
Weapon and telescoping sighting system. When carried by the parachutist, they are packed in
the AT4JP.
Rounds of ammunition. The missile round containers are constructed of molded polyethylene. The
rounds come in two container sizes: 27 inches (target practice [TP] and high explosive, anti-tank
[HEAT]) and 21 inches (illumination, smoke, and high explosive [HE]). The TP and HEAT round
containers must be rigged in a PJP (modified). Illumination, smoke, or HE missile rounds are packed
under the top pack flap of the large ALICE pack or FPLIF.
CLEANING KIT AND GUN MOUNT

12-107. The cleaning kit and gun mount are packed separately near the top of the jumpers ALICE pack
or FPLIF.
CONTAINER DESCRIPTION
12-108. When configured for RAAWS rigging, the AT4JP cannot be rigged with the M16/M203. The AT4JP is
about 49 inches by 9 inches and weighs about 26 pounds. It is secured vertically to the left D-ring on the
parachutist harness. To prevent the AT4JP from swaying, two tie-down tapes are attached. The upper tie secures
the AT4JP to the main lift web below the chest strap, and the lower tape secures the jump pack to the
parachutists left leg (provided the jumper is not using the HSPR). A 15-foot lowering line and 24-inch
lowering line attachment web are used. Two 9- by 9-inch pieces of honeycomb are used at the venturi end of the
weapon (on the bottom, when rigged) to cushion the weapon during impact. After landing, the parachutist
rapidly gains weapon access by pulling seven quick releases.
RAAWS RIGGING PROCEDURES

12-109. Rigging procedures for the RAAWS weapon and sighting system components are as follows:
Lay the jump pack on the ground (felt side up) and fully extend all securing webs.
Place the venturi and muzzle covers on the weapon.
Position the telescopic sight package on the weapon (between the front grip and the shoulder pad)
and alongside the firing mechanism. Secure the telescopic sight package to the weapon with two
lengths of quarter-inch cotton webbing.
Place the weapon on the pack with the front grip pointed straight up, the muzzle (small end of
weapon) fitted into the nonadjustable cross D-ring strap, and the venturi (large end of weapon)
centered on the middle launcher aft end securing strap.
Ensure the muzzle fits snugly into the nonadjustable cross D-ring strap.
Fold the rifle and muzzle pockets portion of the pack over the weapon.
Rotate the unfolded flap portion over the other flap and route the four side securing straps through
the adapters and form quick releases. S-fold the running ends and secure by folding excess back
under corresponding quick fit adapter.
Position two 9- by 9-inch pieces of honeycomb onto the venturi of the weapon. Route the two aft end
securing straps over the honeycomb, through the quick fit adapters, and tighten securely. Form a
quick release with the running ends, S-fold the excess and secure by folding excess back under the
corresponding quick fit adapter.
Route one turn of quarter-inch cotton webbing around the securing straps between the honeycomb
and the pack; tie securely. (This tie will prevent the honeycomb from shifting.)
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Attach the HPT lowering line to the AT4JP using procedures described in paragraph 12-62. If the
AT4JP lowering line is to be employed, a 24-inch lowering line adapter web must be attached to the
parachutist harness.
Rig the RAAWS 84-mm TP and HEAT rounds in the PJP MOD.
Note. Due to the length of the TP and HEAT twin tube containers, the containers must be jumped
inside the PJP MOD.
Lay the PJP MOD on the ground felt side up.

Center the long twin tube containers on the PJP MOD.
Route the center vertical and horizontal securing straps over the container and secure with a quick
release. Ensure the tubes are oriented so the container caps are at the upper portion of the pack.
Fold the flap containing the M16/M203 rifle muzzle stow pocket over the tubes.
Place the M16/M203 rifle muzzle into the stow pocket, ensuring the carrying handle is facing away
from the tubes.
Fold the unfolded flap over the M16/M203 and secure the three horizontal securing straps. Ensure
the center securing strap is routed through the rifle carrying handle. Form quick releases in the
running ends, S-fold, and fold the excess back under the corresponding quick fit adapters.
Route the rifle butt securing strap over the butt and through the quick fit adapter. Pull as tight as
possible and form a quick release.
Cut two pieces of honeycomb 5 by 11 inches. Place the two pieces onto the end of the container with
the exposed rifle butt. Route the two aft end securing straps over the honeycomb, through the quick
fit adapters, and secure as tight as possible. S-fold the excess back under the corresponding quick fit
adapters.
Tie the two securing straps together at the point where they cross with one turn of quarter-inch cotton
webbing to prevent them from shifting.
Cut two pieces of 5 1/2- by 9 1/2-inch honeycomb. Place the honeycomb on the other end (top)
portion of the container.
Route the center securing strap through a D-ring, over the honeycomb, and through the quick fit
adapter. Tighten securely, S-fold, and fold the excess back under the corresponding quick fit
adapters.
Note. The nonadjustable strap is not used. It is pushed into the top of the pack before placing the
honeycomb on top.
Secure the D-ring to the center of the strap by running a length of quarter-inch cotton webbing
through the lower portion of the D-ring, around the strap, and tying. This will prevent the D-ring
from shifting on the strap.
Attach the lowering line to the PJP MOD.
Note. The PJP MOD with the long tubes must be rigged with its own lowering line.
Attach the lowering line to the D-ring on top of the PJP MOD by routing the lowering line through
the D-ring and then girth hitch the lowering line through itself.
Stow the lowering line into the stow pocket on the PJP MOD by pushing it as far as possible into the
pocket. It will be halfway into the pocket. Secure the upper HPT flaps around the stowed lowering
line.
Note. Do not tighten the lower HPT. This may bind the lowering line and prevent the PJP MOD from
lowering.
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Rig the RAAWS 84-mm (illumination, smoke, or HE) rounds (short twin tubes) in the large ALICE
pack with frame.
Place the short tubes on the top of the ALICE pack and under the top flap. Secure all straps.
Route one turn single Type I or III nylon cord through the equipment attaching points on one side of
the ALICE pack, over the tubes, and through the equipment attaching points on the other side of the
ALICE pack, then secure the running ends together.
Attach the HSPR to the ALICE pack.
EQUIPMENT ATTACHED TO PARACHUTIST

12-110. The AT4JP is secured, with the following actions, to the parachutist after the reserve parachute and
ALICE pack or FPLIF have been attached to the parachute harness D-rings:
Secure the AT4JP to the parachutist by attaching the quick-release assembly to the left D-ring or
equipment ring. Ensure that the safety gate is completely closed, secure, and the activating arm is
fully seated.
Ensure the harness left D-ring snap attachment sequence is inboard to outboard as follows:
Reserve parachute.
HSPR or other equipment.
AT4JP quick-release snap.

Secure lowering line to parachutist by attaching the ejector snap to the triangle link. Ensure
activating lever is fully seated. Ensure the yellow safety lanyard is not misrouted or entangled and is
immediately accessible to the parachutist.
Route the upper tie-down tape around the main lift web at a point below the chest strap. Secure the
lower tie-down tape around the left leg, or use the HSPR leg strap.
SECTION XIV MEDIC JUMP PACK
RIGGING OF M82 MEDIC JUMP PACK

12-111. The M82 medic jump pack has a frame. Secure all fasteners and stow all excess webbing in the
webbing retainer or webbing retainer bands. Ensure the center cargo pocket is packed with nonbreakable items.
SECURE HSPR TO M82

12-112. To secure the HSPR to the M82, complete the following steps:
Lay out the HSPR with the attaching loops facing up.
Route the two release handle cables between the two plies of the release handle cross strap. Attach
the pile tape of the release handle assembly to the hook tab located between the plies of the release
handle cross strap. Ensure the release handle lanyard is not misrouted.
Place the triangle links of the adjustable D-ring attaching straps on top of the white attaching loops,
with the opening gates of the snap hooks facing down. Route the white attaching loop through the
triangle link; the green loop through the white attaching loop; the red attaching loop through the
green attaching loop and then through the grommet on the female portion of the leg strap assembly.
Ensure the cable loop retainer on the female portion of the leg strap assembly is facing up. Route the
release handle cable through the red attaching loop and then through the cable loop retainer. Repeat
this procedure for the other adjustable D-ring attaching strap.
Turn the HSPR over so that the opening gates on the snap hooks of the adjustable D-ring attaching
straps are facing up.
Place the M82 upside down on the HSPR so that the center cargo pocket is in the window formed by
the adjustable cross strap and the release handle cross strap.
Route the equipment retainer straps under the frame and cross them in the center forming an X,
then route them to the appropriate friction adapter. Form a two to three finger quick release and
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tighten. S-roll the free running ends and secure with two turns of retainer band (do not secure the
excess to the quick releases).
Route the male portion of the leg strap release assembly around the M82. Ensure the leg straps are
fully extended with no twists and then attach them to the female portion of the leg strap release
assembly.
Note. When stowing the HPT lowering line within the retainer flap, ensure stows are even with the
retainer flap. No excess should exceed either end of the retainer flap.
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Arctic Rigging
When using arctic rigging, the number of personnel who can be parachuted from a single
aircraft is reduced by the bulk of equipment and cold weather clothing. When computing
weight factors, the cold weather-equipped parachutist is estimated to weigh 310 pounds.
SECTION I ARCTIC EQUIPMENT SPACE CONSIDERATIONS

13-1. Exiting interval between each parachutist is increased to two seconds when using arctic rigging. Aircraft
compartment space required for a parachutist is 1 1/2 times more in cold regions than in temperate climates.
However, plane side parachute issue and rigging are impossible during winter months due to harsh
temperatures.
WEIGHT FACTORS
13-2. Aircraft must be within 200 meters of the parachute rigging facility to keep rigged jumpers from walking
through deep snow or over ice during winter months when temperatures are low and the individual parachutists
equipment is the heaviest. The serviceability of the activating lever on the ejector snap of the HPT lowering line
should be checked, since there is an increased risk of the lever malfunctioning due to the heavy loads.
MODIFICATIONS
13-3. Modifications of standard equipment must be made for airborne operations under cold weather
conditions.
WAISTBAND
13-4. A modified waistband strap is used in lieu of the standard waistband when parachuting with snowshoes
or skis. The strap consists of two pieces: a 6-foot A-7A strap and a 16-inch strap with a buckle at each end. The
snowshoes are attached to the side of the jumper opposite the static line (to prevent fouling). The modified
waistband allows the buckle for the quick-release fold to be located on the same (either) side with the
snowshoes or skis. (See Figure 13-1.) Tandem loads are dropped on a single lowering line. Rigging or lowering
procedures are contained in this chapter. Under arctic conditions, most individual equipment is lowered during
descent due to the weight.
SOFT LOOP CENTER PULL RESERVE

13-5. Deployment of the reserve parachute under arctic or extreme cold weather conditions may be hindered by
the bulkiness of the gloves worn. To overcome this obstacle, the rip cord is inverted as an optional requirement.
Commanders requesting the SLCP MIRPS parachute for an arctic airborne operation must allow enough time
for the reserves to be modified.
MITTENS
13-6. Arctic mittens are not worn during the parachute jump; their bulkiness interferes with deployment of the
reserve parachute and the lowering of equipment. The mittens are tucked inside the front of the jacket or under
the parachute harness. They are not attached to, or packed in, a container. Trigger-finger mittens are stowed
inside the jacket for wear as soon as the jumper is on the ground.
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ARCTIC CANTEEN
13-7. The arctic canteen poses a hazard due to its long neck and metal body, which can injure a jumper if the
PLF is executed on top of the canteen. Commanders should consider packing it in the MOLLE/ALICE pack to
prevent personal injury or damage to the canteen.
Figure 13-1. Modified waistband routed on parachute harness
SECTION II SNOWSHOES AND INDIVIDUAL WEAPON

13-8. Snowshoes are usually rigged on the parachutist to allow for immediate access. Configurations for use of
snowshoes is described below.
SNOWSHOES WITHOUT WEAPON

13-9. The prefitted snowshoes are placed one on top of the other. The heel strap of the lower snowshoe is run
underneath the lower shoe and up between the frame and webbing of both snowshoes. The heel strap buckle is
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brought up similarly on the other side of the snowshoes. A sling may be fabricated using 550 cord (or other
suitable material). The snowshoes are secured with an additional tie-down, using 550 cord at the toe. (See
Figure 13-2.)
Figure 13-2. Snowshoes without weapon
SNOWSHOES WITH WEAPON EXPOSED

13-10. The snowshoes are rigged as previously described, and the rifle sling is secured. The M16 rifle is
placed so that the barrel rests on top of the snowshoe trails, with the bolt-assist up. The M16 rifle is secured to
the snowshoes (See Figure 13-3.) by buckling the heel strap around the slip ring and the toe strap around the
small of the stock. The barrel is secured to the yoke of the snowshoes with 550 cord, using a bow knot. The
M203 grenade launcher is rigged in a similar manner. (See Figure 13-4.)
Note. Using this method, the parachutist may exit either the right or left jump door.
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Figure 13-3. Snowshoes with weapon
Figure 13-4. Snowshoes with M203
JUMPING SNOWSHOES WITH M1950 WEAPONS CASE

13-11. Snowshoes are attached to the outside of the M1950 with the tails down and the tips of the snowshoes
facing the jumper. The 550 cord is used to secure the snowshoes to the M1950 through both the upper and
lower tie-down tape retaining bars. The running ends of the upper tie-down tape are routed through the toe
window on the snowshoes and then around the M1950 to the left side of the main lift web. The M1950 is then
attached as the outermost item to the left D-ring. (See Figure 13-5.)
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Figure 13-5. Snowshoes with weapons case
Note. Using this method, the parachutist does not need the modified waistband. The standard
waistband is routed through the waistband retainers of the reserve parachute to the waistband adjuster
panel without going around the outside of the snowshoes and M1950. The M1950 is then lowered in
the same manner as in a tandem load without snowshoes.
SECTION III TANDEM LOAD ON SINGLE LOWERING LINE

13-12. Tandem loads rigged on a single lowering line allow the individual parachutist to lower two items of
equipment. This procedure reduces the time and tasks required to lower equipment and provides more time for
canopy control and landing preparations.
RIGGED LOAD
13-13. The MOLLE/ALICE pack or weapons case is worn in the prescribed manner. The rifle sling is used to
attach the snowshoes to the rifle. This load is suspended over the shoulder opposite the static line. The running
end of the modified waistband extension is threaded through the waistband retainers of the reserve parachute
and around the snowshoes, and the end is made into a quick-release fold. (See Figure 13-6.)
Note. The rifle sling is adjusted to fit the parachutist snugly. The sling adjustment is also small
enough so that it does not come off the load when released to slide down the lowering line.
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Chapter 13
Figure 13-6. Parachutist rigged to jump left door

13-14. The following procedure should be followed using the hook pile tape lowering line:
The lowering line is threaded through the rifle sling and attached to the main lift web of the
parachutist (on the side the snowshoes are attached).
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A length of 80-pound test tape is attached around the sling and the main lift web with a bow knot
(just below the canopy release assembly). The lowering line adapter web is attached (See Figure 137.) to the left (right) side, corresponding to the side to which the snowshoes and rifle are to be
attached.
Figure 13-7. Lowering line assembly attached for a tandem load
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Chapter 13
When jumping with the MOLLE/ALICE pack or weapons case, the parachutist routes the lower tiedown on the case through the metal frame and around the leg. A separate tie-down tape for each is
not necessary. (See Figure 13-8.)
Figure 13-8. Upper and lower tie-downs
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Arctic Rigging
The stowed lowering line is secured with two retainer bands to the left (right) side of the vertical bar
of the combat pack. After the pack, snowshoes, and rifle are attached to the parachutist, the lowering
line ejector snap is passed through the rifle sling and attached to the accessory attaching ring of the
adapter web. If the adapter web is not used, the ejector snap is attached directly to the D-ring on the
harness. If the weapons case is attached to the snowshoes (See Figure 13-9.), the lowering line
ejector snap is passed between the case and the cotton chafe material, which is attached to the case
V-ring.
Figure 13-9. Left side view with weapons
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Chapter 13
The upper tie-down tape (above the chest strap and below the canopy release assembly) and the
lower tie-down tape around the parachutists leg are untied, and the load is dropped by pulling the
white release handle located on the cross strap of the HSPR. This ensures that the pack load falls the
length of the line. The modified waistband quick-release fold is pulled and releases the snowshoes,
which slide down the lowering line on top of the pack. (See Figure 13-10.)
Figure 13-10. Arctic equipment released and lowered
MOUTAIN SAFETY RESEARCH SNOWSHOES

13-15. The Mountain Safety Research (MSR) brand snowshoes (See Figure 13-11.) will be rigged under the
closing flap of the MOLLE/ALICE pack with the tails removed Figure 13-12. The tails can be rigged on top of
the snowshoes under the closing flap or placed on the inside of the MOLLE/ALICE pack. (See Figures 13-13
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Arctic Rigging
and 13-14.) Place one snowshoe with the top facing down and the toe extending from one side of the
MOLLE/ALICE pack. Place the other snowshoe on top of the previous positioned snowshoe with the toe facing
down extending from the opposite end. Place both tails on top of the snowshoes; close and tighten the top flap
so the snowshoes are secure and will not fall out. The MOLLE/ALICE pack is now ready to be rigged with the
harness single-point release and lowering line. Figure 13-15 shows the MOLLE I rigged with the MSR
snowshoes. Figure 13-16 shows the ALICE rigged with the MSR snowshoes.
Figure 13-11. Mountain Safety Research Snowshoes
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Figure 13-12. Snowshoes under the closing flap or placed on the inside of the MOLLE I
Figure 13-13. Snowshoes under the closing flap or placed on the inside of the ALICE
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Figure 13-14. ALICE pack rigged with Mountain Safety Research snowshoes
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Chapter 13
Figure 13-15. MOLLE I rigged with Mountain Safety Research snowshoes
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Figure 13-16. ALICE pack rigged with Mountain Safety Research snowshoes
SECTION IV SKIS JUMPED WITH WEAPON AND MOLLE/ALICE PACK

13-16. Skis with the weapon can be jumped using the procedures described below.
SKIS AND RIFLE

13-17. When the parachutist jumps with skis, or with skis as part of the individual jump load, the jump must
be from a rear platform or ramp.
SKIS AND MOLLE/ALICE PACK WITH AIRPAC SIDE-MOUNT

CONTAINER
13-18. The MOLLE/ALICE pack with AIRPAC side-mount container with skis it is considered a special item
of equipment due to the length of the skis and the difficulties in handling and moving the equipment around in
the aircraft, the side-mount container is restricted to parachutists who are at least 5 feet and 8 inches tall. The
AIRPAC side-mount container must be jumped in tandem with the MOLLE or ALICE pack. The maximum
weight for the AIRPAC side-mount container during airborne operations will not exceed the maximum weight
allowed for the parachute system being employed. The maximum load packed inside of the side-mount
container for airborne operations is 40 pounds. When jumping the M4, M16, M203, or M302 series weapons
they will be placed into the container slide-fastener compartment. When jumping the M240B, M249, spare
barrel or tripod they will be padded and taped and placed into the AIRPAC side-mount container with the skis.
The barrels and tripod legs will be pointed down and the charging handle will be facing away from the skis and
the jumper.
Note. The side-mount container is restricted to parachutists who are at least 5 feet and 8 inches tall ,
and the maximum load packed inside of the side-mount container for airborne operations is 40
pounds.
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Chapter 13
AIRPAC Side-Mount Container Rigging Procedures

13-19. The MOLLE/ALICE will be rigged with the harness single-point release and the hook-pile tape
lowering line.
13-20. Place the side-mount container on the ground with the friction adapters facing down and the freerunning ends of the internal securing strap to the left. (See Figure 13-17.)
Figure 13-17. Placement of friction adapters
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13-21. Prepare the skis by placing one ski on top of the other tip to tip and tail to tail with the ski poles
between the skis. Tie the skis together with two pieces of quarter-inch cotton webbing one tie at the shovel of
the ski and one tie at the waist of the ski. (See Figure 13-18.) Tape and pad exposed or protruding parts (the tip
and tail of the skis) with a soft material such as cellulose wadding or an adequate substitute.
Figure 13-18. Ski placement
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Chapter 13
13-22. Center load on the internal securing strap (See Figure 13-19.) and pull lower fabric flap over packing
material. Route the free-running end of the internal securing strap through the friction adapter on the lower
fabric cap. Place floating V-ring of the internal securing strap on the top center of the load. Form a 5- to 6-inch
quick release in the strap and tighten. From the top, fold excess weapons container material downward until
flush with the top of the load. (See Figure 13-20.)
Figure 13-19. Placement of internal securing strap
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Figure 13-20. Folding excess weapons container material

13-23. Wrap unpadded fabric flap over the load. ( See Figure 13-20.) Bring the padded fabric flap over the
load and loosely secure the container retaining straps to the friction adapters; form a 5- to 6-inch quick release
in the strap. Do not tighten the strap.
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Chapter 13
13-24. If jumping an M4, M16, M203, or M302, place the weapon muzzle down in the container slide-fastener
compartment. Secure the slide fastener. (See Figure 13-21.)
Figure 13-21. Placement of weapon in container

13-25. If jumping an M4, M16, M203, or M302, place the weapon muzzle down in the container slide-fastener
compartment. Secure the slide fastener. (See Figure 13-21.) Tighten the container retaining straps (with quick
releases). S-fold excess webbing and secure to the quick-release loop with two turns of a retainer band, leaving
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Arctic Rigging
a 3-inch tail. Secure the drawstring on top of the container with a quick-release knot, if necessary. (See Figure
13-22.)
Figure 13-22. Container with a quick-release knot

13-26. Attach the quick-release snap to the side-mount container by placing the quick-release link through the
V-ring and attach the quick-release snap to the quick-release link with the opening gate facing away from the
side-mount container. Attach a piece of quarter in cotton webbing to the separate V-ring above the quick-release
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Chapter 13
snap to form an upper tie-down tape. The maximum weight for the AIRPAC side-mount container during
airborne operations will not exceed the maximum weight allowed for the parachute system being employed.
The maximum load packed inside the side-mount container for airborne operations is 40 pounds. (See
Figure 13-23.)
Figure 13-23. Jumper with side-mount container and tandem load
AIRPAC Side-Mount Container Technical Inspection Procedures

13-27. The side-mount AIRPAC is a special item of equipment and is technically inspected and attached at the
20-minute time warning. The inspection should include the following actions:
Note. The side-mount container is restricted to parachutists who are at least 5 feet 8 and inches tall,
and the maximum load packed inside of the side-mount container for airborne operations is 40
pounds.
Ensure all visible container retaining straps are properly secured to their appropriate friction adapter.
(All visible container retaining straps have a five to six finger quick release.)
Note. Five to six finger quick releases will depend on the item of equipment inside the AIRPAC side
mount.
13-22
Ensure the free-running ends of the container retaining straps are S-folded and secured to the quickrelease loop by two turns of a retainer band.
Ensure the slide fastener is secure.
Ensure there is no excess in the fabric flap.
Ensure packing material is present, if required for particular item of equipment and weapon.
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Inspect the quick-release snap in the same manner as the M1950 weapons case. Ensure a piece of
quarter-inch cotton webbing is attached to the separate V-ring above the quick-release snap to be
utilized as an upper tie-down tape.
Attach the side-mount container to the jumper by attaching the opening gate of the quick-release
snap to the parachutists left D-ring as the outer most item of equipment.
Route the HPT lowering line between the side-mount container and the nylon chafe material of the
case and attach the ejector snap to the triangle link of the parachute harness. Route the leg strap of
the harness single-point release around the jumpers leg and the AIRPAC side-mount.
Note. Leg straps of the HSPR must be utilized to ensure the side-mount container remains secure
against the jumper.
October 2013
Route the upper tie-down around the side-mount container, behind the main lift web, and above the
chest strap. Tie the upper tie-down tape utilizing a bow knot on the lead edge of the side-mount
container.
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Chapter 14
A-Series Containers
Two types of A series containers are used with rigging door bundles: the A-7A cargo
sling, and A-21 cargo bag. The containers loaded to be air dropped from a shackle (sling
load), helicopter door, or a utility aircraft that are rigged with a breakaway static line. For
high-performance fixed-wing aircraft, loads are normally rigged with parachutes that
have nonbreakaway static line. Paratroop door loads that are to be followed immediately
by parachutists must have an attached drogue device when using a nonbreakaway static
line. Each static line must have a drogue attached to it as outlined in appropriate technical
manuals. Loads must be placed in the paratroop doors so the largest dimension is
upright/vertical. The parachute must be positioned on top of the load or toward the inside
of the aircraft. A ramp load to be followed immediately by parachutists must be rigged
with a T-10 series main parachute (converted for cargo) or a parachute with a breakaway
static line. All A-7A, A21, and CDSs will be rigged in accordance with FM 4-20.103;
Combat Rubber Raiding Craft (CRRC) will be rigged in accordance with TM 4-48.04.
SECTION I RIGGING PROCEDURES

14-1. Door bundles are rigged in such a manner that when placed on the balance point of the jump platform, the
parachute is on top or facing the center of the aircraft, based on the largest dimension, and not on the side. The
maximum weight of the bundle is 500 pounds (not including parachute weight). Exceptions to this rigging
technique are allowed for the 90-mm recoilless rifle and the Stinger missile. In both cases, the bundle is placed
upright with the parachute facing the center of the aircraft. Both are rigged using the A-21 container. The skid
board on the Stinger is placed inside the canvas cover.
ASSEMBLIES
14-2. When rigging an item, all components needed for its assembly must be packed in the same airdrop
bundle. (For example, a radio and battery are packed in the same bundle.) When items such as radio equipment
are rigged, each item is individually wrapped. Padding or honeycomb is placed under the item being prepared
and inserted between the items comprising the load to prevent contact. Cellulose wadding, felt, or other suitable
material must be used to avoid metal-to-metal or metal-to-wood contact.
WEBBING
14-3. All excess lengths of webbing are rolled hand-over-hand for the A7A and hand-under-hand for the A21
cargo bag and tie with quarter-inch cotton webbing in a surgeons knot and locking knot. This reduces the
danger of bundles becoming snagged when ejected or released from the aircraft.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
14-4. If hazardous materials are placed inside bundles, they must have a shippers certificate completed in
accordance with TM 38 250/AFJMAN 24 204/NAVSUP PUB 505/MCO P4030.29G/DLAI 4145.3.
Note. The shippers certificate is attached to the manifest, not the bundle.
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SECTION II A-7A CARGO SLING

14-5. The A-7A cargo sling is the one of the type container normally use in a tactical operations to deliver
supplies and equipment too large to be jumped by the individual Soldier must be delivered to the designated
drop zone.
COMPONENTS
14-6. The A-7A has the following components:
One strap, 188 inches long, constructed of Type X cotton or Type VII nylon.
A strap fastener at one end of each strap.
Four D-rings.
CHARACTERISTICS
14-7. Container components weigh eight pounds with a maximum weight of 500 pounds for G-14 & T-10
cargo parachute (not including the parachute). The minimum weight depends on the parachute used200
pounds when using a G-14 cargo parachute and 90 pounds when using T-10 cargo parachute. The dimensions
are a maximum 30 by 48 by 66 inches (to include cargo parachute). (Refer to FM 4-20.103 for further
information about rigging containers.)
TWO-STRAP BUNDLE
14-8. The JM lays out one strap perpendicular (lengthwise) to the bundle with the thick lip portion of the
friction bar on the strap fastener facing down. He lays out one strap parallel (width) to the bundle with the thick
lip portion of the friction bar on the strap fastener facing down and over the top of the perpendicular strap.
When the straps are in place, they are ready to receive the bundle by taking the following actions:
Center the bundle on the perpendicular strap.
Route the perpendicular strap over the top of the bundle and through the single D-ring (through the
rectangular portion of the D-ring), roll hand-over-hand, and secure. (When using the G-14 or T-10
series, two D-rings are used on the perpendicular strap.) They are tied in place with Type II or Type
III nylon cord gutted.
Route the parallel strap through the D-ring (through the rectangular portion of the D-ring), roll excess
webbing hand-over-hand, and secure.
Tie all excess webbing onto itself using one turn of quarter-inch cotton webbing tied in a surgeons
knot and locking knot.
Tighten all straps. Tie off the excess above the strap fastener; ensure that the excess webbing is not
above the top of the bundle. The bundle has one smooth side for ease in ejecting from the aircraft.
THREE-STRAP BUNDLE
14-9. The JM lays out one strap parallel (lengthwise) to the load. He then lays out two more straps parallel to
each other and perpendicular to the load. He ensures that the thick lip portion of the strap fasteners are facing
down and are on the same side of the load and that straps are at least 14 to 16 inches apart from each other, and
are centered on the parallel (lengthwise) strap. He continues with the following steps:
Center the load to be rigged on the parallel strap.
Route the strap that is running parallel (lengthwise) to the load over the top of the load and through
the two D-rings. Center the two D-rings on top of the load.
Route the strap through the strap fastener and tighten it down.
Ensure that the strap fastener does not rest on the top of the load.
Roll the excess hand over hand towards the load and secure it with a surgeons knot and locking knot
above the strap fastener, but not on top of the load.
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Route the straps that are running perpendicular to load through the D-rings on the top of the load,
from the inside toward the outside so that the D-rings are pointing towards each other.
Route the straps through the strap fasteners, and tighten them down.
Roll the excess hand over hand towards the load and secure it with a surgeons knot and locking knot
above the strap fastener, but not on top of the load.
Once all straps are tightened and secured, the free running ends should not rest on top of the load.
The bundle should have one smooth side for ease in ejecting it from the aircraft.
FOUR-STRAP BUNDLE
14-10. The JM lays out two straps parallel (lengthwise) to the load and centered, ensuring that both strap
fasteners are on the same side of the load. He then lays out two straps parallel to each other and perpendicular to
the load, ensuring that both strap fasteners are on the same side of the load and that all straps are centered on the
load. He continues with the following steps:
Route the two straps that are running lengthwise on the load over the top of the load and through the
two D-rings (one D-ring per strap).
Center the D-rings on top of the load.
Route the straps through the appropriate strap fasteners and tighten them down.
Roll the excess webbing hand over hand towards the load and secure it with a surgeons knot and
locking knot above the strap fastener.
Route the straps that are running perpendicular to the load from inside to outside through the
appropriate D-rings (ensuring that both D-rings point in the same direction).
Route the straps through the appropriate strap fasteners and tighten them down.
Roll the excess webbing hand over hand towards the load and secure it with a surgeons knot and
locking knot above the strap fastener.
When tying off the free running ends of the straps, tie them in a surgeons knot and locking knot
above the strap fastener; ensure that the excess webbing does not rest on top of the load. The load
should have one smooth side for ease in ejecting it from the aircraft.
SECTION III A-21 CARGO BAG

14-11. A-21 cargo bag is the second type container normally use in a tactical operations to deliver supplies
and equipment too large to be jumped by the individual Soldier must be delivered to the designated drop zone.
COMPONENTS
14-12. The A-21 cargo bag has the following components:
Canvas cover. Cotton duck material, 97 by 115 inches, with eight strap keepers.
Sling assembly with scuff pad. One 188-inch main strap, two 144-inch side straps. Dimensions of
the scuff pad are 30 by 48 inches with four carrying handles.
Quick-release assembly. One quick-release device with one safety clip and safety lanyard.
Ring assembly. The ring assembly has a 1-inch, steel-rod ring with a 9-inch strap ending in a friction
adapter.
CHARACTERISTICS
14-13. Container components weigh 18 pounds with a maximum weight of 500 pounds for G-14 and T-10
cargo parachute (not including the parachute). (The minimum weight depends on the parachute used200
pounds when using a G-14 cargo parachute and 90 pounds when using T-10 cargo parachute.) Dimensions are a
maximum 30 by 48 by 66 inches (or 69 inches high for the Stinger missile (Refer to FM 10-550.) or 90-mm
recoilless rifle). Dimensions include the cargo parachute.
Note. Refer to FM 4-20.103 for further information on rigging containers.
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METHOD OF RIGGING
14-14. The JM spreads the canvas cover on a level surface with all strap keepers facing up. He positions the
sling assembly webbing straps down on the canvas cover and threads the straps through the keepers. The sling
and canvas cover are turned over as a unit so the sling is beneath the cover. The parachutist centers the load on
the canvas cover, using cushioning material, as needed. He wraps the load in the canvas cover, side flap first,
and folds all excess material under. He continues with the following steps:
Attach the ring assembly to the 188-inch strap, keeping the D-ring to D-ring contact and ensuring
they are centered.
Attach the four quick-release straps to the 144-inch side straps. Ensure that the rotating disk is facing
up when the quick-release assembly is placed on top of the load (thick lip portion of the friction bar
facing out).
Thread the fixed, quick-release strap with the quick-release assembly attached through the nearest
steel D-ring. Thread the remaining quick-release straps through the nearest steel D-rings. Insert the
lugs into the quick-release assembly.
Tighten the quick-release straps and the O-ring straps; roll all excess webbing. Ensure that it is tied
off below the friction adapter with a surgeons knot and locking knot and that the quick-release
device is centered on the bundle.
SECTION IV CARGO PARACHUTE RIGGING ON A SERIES

14-15. A cargo parachute is use to parachute the containers with supplies and equipment too large to be
jumped by the individual Soldier to the designated drop zone, in a tactical operation.
CONTAINERS
14-16. After the A series containers are rigged, the JM inspects the cargo parachutes and attaches them to the
load.
INSPECTION
14-17. The cargo parachute is placed on the center of the bundle and is inspected for
Four tie-down straps.
Two risers complete (clevis, clevis pin, safety wire).
Static line complete with clevis (clevis, clevis pin, safety wire, and lanyard) and attached to the upper
loop portion of the static line. The drogue device (present only on the G-14 cargo parachute) must be
attached to the break-cord attaching loop, unless a breakaway static line is used.
ATTACHMENT
14-18. When attaching the G-14 or T-10 cargo, low cost low altitude (LCLA) parachute, ensure that the risers
go directly to the attaching point (D-ring). He continues with the following steps:
Four tie-down tapes are attached to the load and tied in bow knot.
Static line is free to deploy.
Risers are not routed around or under any part of the container. (This occurs before inspecting.)
Note. The cargo parachute should be attached with the side of the pack where the risers come out,
collocated to the rough side of the bundle.
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PART FOUR
Aircraft
A proficient jumpmaster must first be familiar with the tools of the trade. One of the most
important of these tools is the aircraft used. Each aircraft has its own characteristics. All
JMs must become familiar with each of the available types of aircraft.
Chapter 15
Aircraft Types and Jump Altitudes

This chapter contains general aircraft descriptions, JM procedures, and aircraft
preparations. Critical elements of airborne operations include the aircraft and drop
altitudes. Aircraft are service tested and approved for troop jumping. Minimum jump
altitudes and considerations that apply to basic airborne jumps, tactical jumps, and
combat jumps are discussed in the material that follows.
SECTION I AIRCRAFT TYPES

15-1. Commonly used types of aircraft for airborne operations are:
High-performance aircraft. The MC/C-130, KC-130, and C-17 are high-performance fixed-wing
aircraft used for paratroop drops with a drop speed of more than 125 knots. (Refer to Chapter 19 for
nonstandard jump aircraft.)
Utility rotary-wing aircraft. The UH-1 series, UH-60 series, CH-47, CH-53 (USMC), and CH-46
(USMC) are the most commonly used rotary-wing aircraft for troop airdrops.
SECTION II JUMP ALTITUDES

15-2. The minimum criteria discussed below include a 125-foot aircraft altimeter error and a 100-foot
canopy control requirement for the MC-1/MC-6 series.
MINIMUM JUMP ALTITUDES

15-3. The minimum jump altitudes for all aircraft are described below and in Table 15-1.
PEACETIME TRAINING
15-4. Refer to Table 15-1.
BASIC AIRBORNE TRAINING

15-5. The jump altitudes for basic airborne training are as follows:
1250 feet AGL T-10 /T-11and MC-6.
1000 feet AGL with waiver from Maneuver Center of Excellence commander.
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Chapter 15
TACTICAL TRAINING
15-6. The following applies:
1000 feet AGL T-10/T-11 and MC-1/MC-6.
800 feet AGL T-10/MC-1/MC-6: If justified by a mature command decision risk assessment.
1500 feet AGL T-10/MC-1/MC-6: Aircraft with a drop speed of less than 90 knots.
CAUTION
T-11 parachute should not be jumped above 1250 feet AGL. Due to the
characteristics of the parachute, the jumper may drift off of the surveyed
drop zone.
Combat (Wartime) (Restricted to Aircraft With a Drop Speed of 90 Knots or Higher)

Minimum drop speeds 90 knots (rotary-winged aircraft).
Rotary-Wing Aircraft, Drop Speed 90 Knots
600-feet AGL T-10 and MC-1.
600-feet AGL MC-6/MC-1.
CAUTION
T-11 parachute should not be jumped from rotary-winged aircraft. Due to
the characteristics of the parachute, the jumper may drift off of the
surveyed drop zone.
Fixed-Wing Aircraft, Drop Speed 125 Knots for T-10, T-11, MC-6, and MC-1
435 feet AGL T-10.
550 feet AGL (C-130) and 525 feet AGL (C-17) T-11 (fixed-wing only).
475 feet AGL MC-1.
475 feet AGL MC-6
Minimum airspeed 125 knots.
Reserve parachute optional (combat operations).
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Table 15-1. Minimum jump altitudes for all aircraft

Tactical
Status
Peacetime
Combat
(Wartime)
2
3
Feet AGL
Aircraft Type Application
T-10/T-11
MC-1/MC-6
1250/1250
1250
10001/10001
10001
Fixed-Wing
Basic Airborne Training
Fixed-Wing 1
Tactical Training
Rotary-Wing
Aircraft with a drop speed less than 90 knots
1500/NA
1500
Rotary-Wing
Aircraft with a drop speed more than 90 knots
1250/NA
1250
Rotary-Wing
Aircraft with a drop speed less than 90 knots
600/NA
600
Fixed-Wing 2
Aircraft with a drop speed more than 125 435/550 C-130,

knots
525 C-17
475
800 feet AGL drop altitude may be used if justified by a mature command decision risk assessment has
been completed.
Reserve parachute optional.
T-11 should not be used when jumping rotary-winged AC.
Prejump Training
15-10. Sustained prejump training is modified to ensure that the individual parachutist accomplishes the
following tasks:
Upon receiving the opening shock of the main, immediately lowers individual equipment.
Assumes the landing attitude (T-10/T-11 series) or canopy control (MC-1/MC-6 series) parachute.
PARACHUTE RELIABILITY DATA

15-11. Table 15-2 summarizes parachute reliability data at varying altitudes with personnel parachutes (mains
onlynot reserves).
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Chapter 15
Table 15 2. Parachute reliability data for varying altitudes

T-10
MC-1
Exit
altitude
in feet
AGL
Percentage
of canopies
that would
be open
Percentage of
parachutists who
would have
100 feet or more
to prepare
to land
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
76.11
99.92
99.98
99.98
99.98
99.98
99.98
4.00
76.11
99.92
99.98
99.98
99.98
99.98
Percentage of
canopies that would
be open and would
provide canopy
control
(no twists)
Percentage of
parachutists who would
have canopy control
plus 100 feet or more to
land
13.00
90.66
99.98
99.98
99.98
99.98
99.98
NONE
13.00
90.66
99.98
99.98
99.98
99.98
JUMP ALTITUDE RISK ASSESSMENT DECISION MAKING

15-12. When making a training parachute jump, altitude risk assessment decision, the Airborne commander
should consider Soldier experience levels, which include Soldiers fatigue at jump time, whether the jump
altitude is critical to mission success, and the data from Table 15-3 below. Risk-reduction measures include
alternate methods of entry for personal equipment (CDS, door bundle) and action during aircraft rehearsals,
with particular attention devoted to jumper exit procedures.
Table 15-3. Time available to activate reserve parachute
Planned
Altitude
(Feet AGL)
1250
1000
800
Possible Aircraft Actual Jump Total Time Available Time Available

Altimeter Error Altitude Feet to Activate Reserve Minus 4000-Count
(Feet)
(AGL)
(Seconds)
(Seconds)
1375
9.4
5.4
+1250
1250
8.8
4.8
-125
1125
8.2
4.2
1125
8.2
4.2
+1250
1000
7.6
3.6
-125
875
6.9
2.9
925
7.1
3.1
+1250
800
6.4
2.4
-125
675
5.6
1.6
SECTION III HIGH-ELEVATION JUMPING

15-13. The term high-elevation jumping refers to airdrop operations that begin at normal altitude above
ground level (that is, 800 feet AGL), but where the DZ is 5000 to 10,000 feet above mean sea level, such as in
mountainous terrain. Commanders must consider that lower air density or higher altitude will increase the
canopies rate of descent. Commanders should consider the following:
Parachutes. Standard troop type parachutes are suitable for the airdrop of personnel onto DZs with
ground elevations up to 10,000 feet. Current jump procedures are valid.
Injuries. Combat or training exercises onto DZ elevations of 5000 to 10,000 feet that place safety
secondary to tactical considerations can produce injury rates of up to four times those expected for
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similar DZ operations near sea level. Injury rates can be reduced by intensive instruction, training,
and practice to include the following:
Exit body position and PLF upon ground impact.
Jumper awareness of increased opening shocks and faster rates of descent.
The ability to control the parachute during sudden wind shifts and changes in wind velocity.
Correct wearing of equipment and ensuring of serviceability.
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Chapter 16
High-Performance Transport Aircraft

The C-17A, C-130E/H/J/J-30, and MC-130E/H/P/W are USAF high-performance
aircraft used for paratroop drops. These high-performance transport aircraft provided by
the USAF are configured to meet the needs of unit mission requests. These
configurations are termed tactical airdrop personnel (TAP) for the C-130 series aircraft
and airdrop personnel (ADP) for the C-17 aircraft in USAF publications. The initial joint
airborne/air transportability training (JA/ATT) mission request from the airborne unit
determines aircraft configuration. The USMC version of this aircraft is the KC-130;
characteristics and parachute procedures are similar to Air Force aircraft of the same
type:
Tactical mass airdrop (both jump doors) full seating configuration.
In flight rigging tactical mass airdrop (both doors) full seating configuration; comfort
pallet with/without litters.
Other load considerations combination of airland and airdrop mission; single door
reduced seating configurations.
Over the ramp combination equipment and personnel.
SECTION I LOCKHEED C-130E/H/J/J-30 HERCULES/SUPER HERCULES

16-1.
The Lockheed C-130E/H/J/J-30 is a medium range, high-wing transport aircraft powered by four
turboprop engines. The C-130J-30 is the stretched version of the C-130J. Parachutists may be dropped using
either the two jump doors or the ramp. Aircraft configurations are listed in Table 16-1 for the C-130E/H/J and
Table 16-2 for the C-130J-30.
Table 16-1. C-130 E/H/J
CONFIGURATION
PARACHUTIST LOAD
TAP-1 MASS DROP

A*TAP-1 WITH AIRCRAFT ARMOR
TAP-2 IN-FLIGHT RIGGING
TAP-3 OVER THE RAMP OPERATIONS
A*TAP- WITH AIRCRAFT ARMOR
62 + 2 Safeties
48 + 2 Safeties
50 + 2 Safeties
40 + 2 Safeties
42 + 2 Safeties
30 + 2 Safeties
Note. A*TAP is the TAP configuration on an aircraft equipped with protective armor. Because of
the weight and location of the armor, some forward-most seats are not available.
.
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Chapter 16
Table 16-2. C-130J-130

CONFIGURATION
PARACHUTIST LOAD
TAP-1 MASS DROP

TAP-2 IN-FLIGHT RIGGING
TAP-3 OVER THE RAMP OPERATIONS
76 + 2 Safeties
68 + 2 Safeties
74 + 2 Safeties
64 + 2 Safeties
54 + 2 Safeties
44 + 2 Safeties
Note. A*TAP is the TAP configuration on an aircraft equipped with protective armor. Because of
the weight and location of the armor, some forward-most seats are not available.
CONFIGURATIONS
16-2.
The configurations for the C-130 E/H/J/J-30 Hercules are described below.
MASS OPERATIONS (TAP-1/A*TAP-1)

16-3.
The seating configurations for C-130 mass drop operations are described below.
C-130E/H/J
16-4.
A total of 62 parachutists can be seated in two sticks of 31. (See Figure 16-1.) Jumpers No. 1 and 2
are seated outboard aft of the wheel well; Nos. 3 through 22 are seated on the inboard seats; and Nos. 23
through 31 are seated outboard forward of the wheel well. When the aircraft is equipped with protective armor,
the total number of parachutists is reduced to 48. Jumpers No. 1 and 2 are seated outboard aft of the wheel
well; Nos. 3 through 18 are seated on the inboard seats; and Nos. 19 through 24 are seated forward of the
wheel well. Jumpers are normally loaded over the aft end loading ramp.
Figure 16-1. C-130E/H/J configurations
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C-130J-30
16-5.
A total of 80 parachutists can be seated in two sticks of 38. (See Figure 16-2.) Jumper No. 1 is seated
outboard aft of the paratroop doors; Jumpers No. 2 and 3 are seated outboard aft of the wheel well; Nos. 4
through 26 are seated on the inboard seats; and Nos. 27 through 38 are seated outboard forward of the wheel
well. When the aircraft is equipped with protective armor, the total number of parachutists is reduced to 68.
Jumper No. 1 is seated outboard aft of the paratroop doors; Jumpers No. 2 and 3 are seated outboard aft of the
wheel well; Nos. 4 through 24 are seated on the inboard seats; and Nos. 25 through 34 are seated forward of
the wheel well. Jumpers are normally loaded over the aft end loading ramp.
Figure 16-2. C-130J-30 configurations
Supervisory Personnel Required

16-6.
Six personnel supervise parachutists and ensure safety measures are followed (alternate door exit
procedures for training [ADEPT] options 1, 2, and mass exit). USAF operations may not have an AJM or
safety on board the aircraft. In these cases, prior coordination with the aircrew will ensure procedures are
known by all personnel involved. Navy operations may not have an AJM or safety on board the aircraft if the
total number of jumpers participating on the aircraft to include the PJM is 10 or less, and a single door or ramp
is used, and jumpers are not rigged with combat equipment. The supervisory personnel required include the
following:
One JM.
One AJM.
Two safety personnel.
Two airdrop qualified loadmasters.
Note. USMC and USN utilize one door; the other door remains closed and unmanned. Therefore,
only one JM and one safety are used.
Jump Commands
16-7.
Jump commands are given in the following sequence:

GET READY.
OUTBOARD PERSONNEL, STAND UP.
INBOARD PERSONNEL, STAND UP.
HOOK UP.
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Chapter 16
CHECK STATIC LINES.

CHECK EQUIPMENT.
SOUND OFF FOR EQUIPMENT CHECK.
STAND BY.
GO.
Jumper Exit Technique

16-8.
All jumpers must be trained to exit the aircraft with a strong effort in leaving the platform at a 90degree angle straight out the door as close to the lead edge of the door as possible.
IN-FLIGHT RIGGING OPERATIONS (TAP-2/A*TAP-2)

16-9.
The seating configurations for C-130 in-flight rigging operations are described below.
C-130E/H/J
16-10. A total of 50 parachutists (with equipment) including one JM and four AJMs can be seated in two
sticks of 25. Three AJMs are designated from the parachutists onboard to assist in rigging. Seats are also
provided for two required nonjumping safeties. When the aircraft is equipped with protective armor, the total
number of parachutists is reduced to 40 plus two nonjumping safeties. Jumpers are normally loaded over the
aft end loading ramp. (See Figure 16-3.)
Figure 16-3. C-130 E/H/J configuration
C-130/J-30
sticks of 37. Three AJMs are designated from the parachutists onboard to assist in rigging. Seats are also
provided for two required nonjumping safeties. When the aircraft is equipped with protective armor, the total
number of parachutists is reduced to 64 plus two nonjumping safeties. Jumpers are normally loaded over the
aft end loading ramp. (See Figure 16-4.)
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Figure 16-4. C-130 J-30 configuration
Briefing
16-12. All parachutists must be briefed and rehearsed on their actions before executing this type mission.
The preferred method for in-flight rigging is buddy rigging. This allows faster rigging and reduces
parachutists movement in the aircraft. The other method, station rigging, is seldom used.
Storage of Equipment
16-13.
Storing equipment involves the following:

Forty four parachutes and reserves, in kit bags, are palletized (covered with a cargo net or tie-down
devices) on the ramp.
Door bundles are placed in the center aisle just forward of the ramp.
Special items of equipment are placed in the center aisle just forward of the door bundles.
M1950 weapons cases should be placed behind individual seats. Weapons cases for personnel
occupying wheel well seats are placed on the floor at Station 477.
Individual equipment should be placed under seats or, if too large, may be placed in the center aisle
forward of the special items of equipment.
All equipment placed in the center aisle must be secured.
Buddy Rigging
16-14. Buddy rigging begins two hours and 20 minutes before drop time. Rigging must be completed by the
20-minute warning, and consists of the following:
The main and reserve parachutes, with kit bags, are passed forward until each man has a parachute.
Once everyone has his parachute, buddy rigging begins under the supervision of the JMs,
designated JM qualified parachutists, and safety personnel. Each parachutist must know who his
rigging partner is.
Once a parachutist is rigged, he sits down and waits to be inspected by one of the JMs. The safety
personnel serve as roving correction inspectors. The attachment of the static line snap hook to the
top carrying handle of the reserve signifies an inspected parachutist.
The PJM supervises the entire rigging operation and assists, as needed.
Once all the parachutists have been inspected, the JMs don equipment, and safety personnel inspect
them. Other JM-qualified parachutists may be used to speed up the rigging process.
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Chapter 16
Station Rigging
16-15. One rigging station is established forward of the jump doors; another station is established forward in
the cargo compartment. The forward station is manned by a safety and the AJM. As the forward rigging station
is established, 22 parachutes (in aviator kit bags) are passed forward to the safety personnel. One JM kit bag
must be present at each station.
16-16. Starting in the center of the stick, two parachutists (one on each side of the aircraft) pick up their
combat equipment. Each jumper moves to the designated rigging station to don the parachute and equipment,
assisted by the safety.
16-17. When completely rigged, the parachutist moves to the AJM (stationed nearby) for inspection. The
AJM attaches the static line snap hook to the top carrying handle of the reserve parachute when he reaches that
portion of the inspection sequence. The individual removes the static line snap hook from the reserve before
the command, HOOK UP, since this indicates that the jumper has received JMPI.
16-18. After JMPI, the jumper returns to his proper seat (or stick position). To ensure minimum time loss,
the next parachutist is waiting to be rigged by safety personnel.
OVER THE RAMP OPERATIONS (TAP-3/A*TAP-3)

16-19.
The seating configurations for C-130 in-flight rigging operations are described below.
Notes: 1. In accordance with Air Force Instruction (AFI) 13-2C-130 Volume 3, C-130 Operations
Procedures, tailgate drops are approved for STT, PJ, Air Force survival evasion resistance escape
(SERE) specialists, Army Special Forces, Navy SEALs, paratroopers equipped for arctic airdrop,
other U.S. and allied special operations personnel, U.S. Army Quartermaster Center and School,
Yuma Proving Ground Airborne Test Force, and units for which a combination drop is their normal
method of deployment.
2. In accordance with message from Headquarters, USAF Air Mobility Command (AMC),
DTG 111345Z JUL 1991, subject: Authorization of Arctic Equipped Parachutists to Tailgate;
authorization was granted to allow arctic-equipped parachutists with large field pack and skis, if
included, to tailgate from C-130 aircraft. (Large field pack mentioned in message DTG 111345Z
JUL 1991 is the FPLIF.)
3. In accordance with letter CG, Marine Corps Combat Development Command, C42 over
5600, dated 22 AUG 95, USMC Force Reconnaissance and Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company
(ANGLICO) personnel are authorized to conduct C-130 over the ramp parachute operations if
required by their mission. These units train for over the ramp parachute operations as a normal
method of employment.
4. Based on Airborne materiel and training proponency issues, the 1st Battalion, 507th
Parachute Infantry Regiment, 199th Infantry Regiment, U.S. Army Infantry School, Fort Benning,
Georgia, is authorized to plan and conduct over the ramp operations from the C-130 aircraft.
5. Navy EOD is authorized to plan and conduct over the ramp operations to include
combination drops from the Navy or Marine Corps C-130 aircraft and Air Force C130.
C-130E/H/J
sticks of 21. Three AJMs are designated from the parachutists onboard to assist in rigging. When the aircraft is
equipped with protective armor, the total number of parachutists is reduced to 30. Jumpers are normally loaded
over the aft end loading ramp. (See Figure 16-5.)
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Figure 16-5. C-130 E/H/J configuration
C-130/J-30
sticks of 27. Three AJMs are designated from the parachutists onboard to assist in rigging. When the aircraft is
equipped with protective armor, the total number of parachutists is reduced to 44. Jumpers are normally loaded
over the aft end loading ramp. (See Figure 16-6.)
Figure 16-6. C-130/J-30 configuration

16-22. Over the ramp operations can include the combination of an equipment drop followed by parachutists.
Equipment is defined as heavy equipment/heavy drop loads (HDs) rigged for airdrop, or equipment packaged
in CDSs. Parachutists may be dropped over the ramp without an equipment drop (maximum of 20 parachutists
for each pass).
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Chapter 16
AIRCRAFT OPERATION
16-23. The anchor line cables (only two are usedone on each side) are rigged from the forward outboard
anchor line cable attachments to the aft inboard anchor line cable attachments. The anchor line cable stop (a
small clevis, padded and taped) must be installed on the anchor line cable 20 inches forward of the aft anchor
line cable attachment bracket. The center anchor line cable support brackets at the door are disconnected and
secured at the top of the fuselage. The static line retriever cables are tied or taped to the sides of the fuselage
aft of the doors to ensure that they remain secured.
JUMP COMMANDS
16-24.

GET READY.
STAND UP.
HOOK UP.
CHECK STATIC LINES.
CHECK EQUIPMENT.
STAND BY. (Parachutists maintain a reverse bight in the static line.)
GO. (On the command GO, movement onto the ramp is a normal walking or shuffle pace. Exits at
an angle of about 30 degrees toward the side of the aircraft and are not vigorous. Parachutists place
their hands on the ends of their reserve parachute prior to exit.)
JUMP PROCEDURES
16-25. If the JM and AJM elect to jump, they will be the No. 1 parachutist of each stick. Therefore, the
safeties control the flow of the parachutists with the following:
An oral 10-minute warning is given, and the JM begins the jump commands. Prior to the 10-minute
warning, the JMs hook up to the anchor line cable, hand the static line to the safety, and announce,
SAFETY, CONTROL MY STATIC LINE. The JM then issues the jump commands.
Jumpers hook up to the appropriate anchor line cable with the open gate of the static line snap hook
facing toward the skin of the aircraft. They maintain a reverse bight. (See Figure 16-7.)
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Figure 16-7. Static line grasped with reverse bight
Door check is not required. If using GMRS, the JM must spot the ground marking from the left side
of the ramp.
After giving the command, STAND BY, the JM moves to the center edge of the ramp and exits on
green light. The safety positions himself immediately behind the hinged portion of the ramp and
controls the flow of parachutists.
Each parachutist walks off toward the center of the ramp at an angle away from the anchor line
cable. (See Figure 16-8.)
Figure 16-8. Personnel locations
TIME WARNINGS
16-26.
Time warnings include the following:

TWO-HOUR 20-MINUTE TIME WARNING. This is used only on in-flight rigging missions.
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Chapter 16
TWENTY-MINUTE TIME WARNING. At the 20-minute time warning, all in-flight rigging is
complete. All jumpers are alert with ballistic helmets fastened. Door bundles are positioned in the
vicinity of the jump doors, hooked up to the outboard anchor line cable, and inspected. Special
items of equipment are attached to their respective jumpers and inspected.
TEN-MINUTE TIME WARNING. The aircrew turns on the red jump caution lights, and then
notifies the JM that the inspections are complete. The JMs hook up to the inboard anchor line cables
and begin issuing jump commands. If both doors are used on one pass, then both JMs issue the
commands at the same time.
SIX-MINUTE TIME WARNING AND AIRCRAFT SLOWDOWN. The aircrew completes their 6minute slowdown check: aircraft deck is set between six and seven degrees, aircraft slows to a drop
speed of 130 knots (plus or minus three knots indicated airspeed), air deflectors are deployed, and
troop doors opened. The loadmasters take a position aft of the jump doors and gives control of the
doors to the JMs. The JMs perform troop door safety checks, outside air safety checks, and spot for
checkpoints en route to the drop zone.
ONE-MINUTE TIME WARNING. The JM issues the time warning to the parachutists with his lead
hand and then spots for checkpoints.
THIRTY-SECOND TIME ADVISORY. After issuing the 30-second time advisory, the JMs make a
final outside safety check, return inside the aircraft, gain eye to eye contact with each other, and
give each other a thumbs up indicating that all conditions outside the aircraft are safe for the
jump. The JMs face the jumpers and issue the eighth jump commandSTAND BY.
GREEN LIGHT. On the green light the JM issues the ninth jump command, GO. The JMs first
jumper exits the aircraft. The AJM taps his first jumper out a half second after the JMs No. 1
jumper exits.
C-130 JUMPMASTER CHECKLIST

16-27.
The JM inspects the aircraft by taking the actions described below.
SEATS
16-28.
The jumpmaster inspects to ensure

Enough seats are available for troop load.
All seats have safety belts.
Seats are not torn.
No seat projections are present.
Seat legs are locked into floor.
Diagonal leg brace is attached in each set section (if required).
Seats along the wheel well are removed (if required).
Nonskid covering is in good condition.
Floor is clean and safe to walk on.
All cargo compartment roller conveyors and dual rail system floor sections are removed when
jumping the door.
Loose equipment is lashed and does not interfere with movement or comfort.
JUMP PLATFORM
16-29.
16-10

Nonskid surface is present.
No cracks or bends are present.
Hinge plate slots are engaged by tie-down studs and screw (with washer) so that the hinge fittings
do not slide off the tie-down studs. When the screw and washer are missing, the hinge plate must be
safety wired with four turns of stainless steel wire to the tie-down ring bracket.
Two spring down lock catches engage the edge of the door.
Clutch mechanism is present on the spring down lock catches jump doors.
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No excessive grease is on the door tracks.

No sharp edges or protrusions are on door frames.
Pip pin in top, forward edge of door frame is present.
Auxiliary hydraulic ramp pump handle is secured (after takeoff).
Doors open and close easily. (Doors are operated in-flight by aircrew members.)
AIR DEFLECTORS
16-30.

No sharp edges are on trailing edge.
Deflectors operate electrically.
No items or trash are stored in wells.
JUMP CAUTION LIGHTS

16-31.
The jumpmaster checks all seven sets for operation:

Set 1. Crew entrance door.
Sets 2 and 3. Top leading edges of right and left doors.
Sets 4 and 5. Trailing edges of right and left doors, waist high.
Sets 6 and 7. Right and left anchor cable aft supports.
ANCHOR CABLE SYSTEM

16-32.
The jumpmaster inspects the following:

Forward support beam.
Four U-bolts, with self locking nuts or nuts with cotter pins, are attached.
Anchor cables are attached to first and second U-bolts right and left of center line for
personnel jump.
Forward latch assembly is in the locked position and secured with locking pins.
ANCHOR CABLE
16-33.

No breaks, frays, or kinks exist.
Cable is clean and free of rust.
ANCHOR CABLE INTERMEDIATE CENTER SUPPORT

16-34.

Cables run through slots after ramp is closed.
Quick-release retaining pins are present.
ANCHOR CABLE AFT SUPPORT

16-35.

Aft latch assembly is closed.
U-bolts, nuts, and safety pins are present.
Support anchor bolts, nuts, and safety pins are present.
STATIC LINE RETRIEVERS

16-36.

Motor is operational.
Retriever cables are not broken, frayed, kinked, dirty, or rusty.
Spool clamp and shackle are attached forward of intermediate cable support and are tied to support
with two turns of quarter-inch cotton webbing.
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Chapter 16
Retriever cables are secured with two turns of quarter-inch cotton webbing to litter brackets at
station 627. If cable clips are installed on the wheel well, the tie at station 627 is not used. (Retriever
cable must be at least 4 inches above the anchor line cable.)
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
16-37.

First aid kits are present.
Fire extinguishers are present.
CGU1-B cargo tie-down straps (for retrieval of towed parachutists) are present.
Alarm system is operational.
Emergency exits are operational and accessible.
Sufficient emergency parachutes are available.
MISCELLANEOUS
16-38.

Lighting system is operational.
Airsickness bags are available.
Comfort facilities are available.
JM kit bag (extra equipment) is onboard.
TOWED JUMPER PROCEDURES

16-39.
When a jumper becomes towed, follow these procedures described below.
SUPERVISORY PERSONNEL ACTIONS

16-40. When a jumper becomes towed, the JM stops the stick and notifies the loadmaster. The loadmaster
notifies the pilot, and requests that the drop altitude and speed be maintained. The JM identifies how the
jumper is being towed. If the jumper is being towed by anything other than his static line, the JM attempts to
free the jumper. If the jumper is being towed by the static line, recovery procedures are initiated. The JM
observes the jumper and recommends whether to retrieve or cut the jumper free. The recommendation is
relayed by the loadmaster to the pilot. The pilot makes the decision to retrieve or cut the jumper free from the
aircraft. If directed by the pilot, the USAF loadmaster cuts the jumper free from the aircraft.
JUMPER ACTIONS
16-41. If a towed jumper is conscious, he maintains a good tight body position with both hands on the ends
of the reserve, right hand protecting the rip cord grip, and he is prepared to activate the reserve if cut free from
the aircraft.
PRIORITY FOR ACTION

16-42. (Jumper is towed by the static line): Retrieve the jumper using the Paratroop Retrieval System.
16-43. Second priority: Cut the jumper free.
16-44. Third priority (least preferred): Land with the jumper outside the aircraft. When using this method, if
the jumper cannot be completely retrieved into the aircraft, he should be retrieved as close as possible to the
door and secured. The aircraft lands at the closest available runway.
ASSISTANT JUMPMASTER AND SAFETY ACTIONS

16-45. If the jumper is to be retrieved, the AJM and safeties move the remaining jumpers toward the front of
the aircraft. All personnel stay clear of the door and line of travel of the static line retriever cable. When the
jumper has been retrieved to the door, the JM and the safety gain physical control of the jumper. At no time
should the JM or the safety grasp the jumpers reserve parachute. The retrieved jumper is moved all the way
forward in the aircraft, and he does not exit the aircraft during the airdrop operation. Instruct the jumper not to
touch any of his equipment or de-rig in any way. If emergency medical treatment is needed, cancel the airdrop
operation during training. During combat operations, the mission may be continued.
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SECTION II LOCKHEED MC-130E/H/P/W

16-46. The Lockheed MC-130E/H/P/W is a special operations medium range, high wing transport aircraft
powered by four turboprop engines. Each version has different configurations. Parachutists may be dropped
using either the two jump doors or the ramp. Aircraft configurations are listed in Table 16-11 for the MC130E, Table 16-12 for the MC-130H, Table 16-13 for the MC-130P, and Table16-15 for the MC-130W.
Table 16-3. MC-130E configurations
CONFIGURATION
PARACHUTIST LOAD
TAP-1
TAP-1A
TAP-2
TAP-2A
TAP-3
TAP-3A
32
32
22
22
30
30
MASS DROP OVER THE RAMP

MASS DROP PARATROOP DOOR
IN-FLIGHT RIGGING RAMP
IN-FLIGHT RIGGING TROOP DOOR
Table 16-4. MC-130H configurations

CONFIGURATION
PARACHUTIST LOAD
TAP-1
TAP-1A
TAP-2
TAP-2A
TAP-3
TAP-3A
50
50
39
39
27
27

Table 16-5. MC-130P configurations

CONFIGURATION
PARACHUTIST LOAD
TAP-1
TAP-1A
TAP-2
TAP-2A
29
29
12
12

Table 16-6. MC-130W configurations

CONFIGURATION
PARACHUTIST LOAD
TAP-1
TAP-1A
TAP-2
TAP-2A
TAP-3
TAP-3A
59
59
54
54
38
38

CONFIGURATIONS
16-47.
The configurations for the MC-130E/H/P/W are described below.
MASS OPERATIONS (TAP-1/ TAP-1A)

16-48. The seating configurations for MC-130 series mass drop operations vary greatly and shall be
coordinated with the airlift unit.
16-49. General parachutist procedures are the same for MC-130 series aircraft as for C-130 series aircraft.
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IN-FLIGHT RIGGING OPERATIONS (TAP-2/TAP-2A/TAP-3/TAP-3A)

16-50. The seating configurations for MC-130 series in-flight rigging operations vary greatly and shall be
coordinated with the airlift unit.
16-51. General parachutist procedures are the same for MC-130 series aircraft as for C-130 series aircraft.
TIME WARNINGS
16-52.
Time warnings are the same as the C-130 series aircraft.
MC-130 JUMPMASTER CHECKLIST

16-53.
The JM inspection checklist is the same as the C-130 series aircraft.

16-54.
Towed jumper procedures as the same as the C-130 series aircraft.
SECTION III BOEING C-17A GLOBEMASTER III

16-55. The Boeing C-17A Globemaster III is a swept wing, long-range transport aircraft powered by four
turbofan engines capable of airlifting large payloads over intercontinental ranges without refueling. An inflight refueling capability increases the deployment range. The cargo compartment is designed to permit safe
and efficient operation with one loadmaster for any mission. The aircraft accommodates outsize or oversize
cargo, tactical vehicles, container loads (which can be configured to conduct a combination of air/land,
personnel and equipment airdrop), and medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) operations. The C-17A can be
configured with or without a comfort pallet. The jump platforms and air deflectors are an integral part of the
aircraft fuselage. A dedicated antenna system enables use of organic Army tactical satellite (TACSAT)
communication systems en route. Aircraft configurations are listed in Table 16-6.
Table 16-7. C-17A configurations
CONFIGURATION
PARACHUTIST LOAD
ADP-1 SIDEWALL SEATS ONLY

ADP-2 SIDEWALL AND CENTER SEATS
ADP-3 SIDEWALL AND CENTER SEATS/ATGL
54
102
102
SEATING CONFIGURATIONS
16-56.
The seating configuration for the C-17A is as follows:

102 parachutists, includes seating for JM, AJM, and nonjumping safety personnel.
One loadmaster seated in forward loadmaster station.
Two door bundles (one per door) placed on the aircraft floor aft of the inboard seats. (See Figures
16-9 through 16-11.)
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Figure 16-9. C-17A ADP-1 seating configuration, sidewall seats only
Figure 16-10. C-17A ADP-2 seating configuration, sidewall and center seats
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Chapter 16
Figure 16-11. C-17A ADP-3 seating configuration, sidewall and center seats/ATGL
SUPERVISORY PERSONNEL REQUIRED

16-57.
The following personnel are required for all C-17A personnel airdrop operations:
One JM.
One AJM.
Two JM qualified and current static safety personnel.
One loadmaster.
For Navy and Marine Corps, only during single door operations, safeties are not used.
TIME WARNINGS
16-58.

TWO-HOUR 20-MINUTE TIME WARNING. This is used only on in-flight rigging missions.
TWENTY-MINUTE TIME WARNING. At the 20-minute time warning, all in-flight rigging is
complete. All jumpers are alert with ballistic helmets fastened. Door bundles are positioned in the
vicinity of the jump doors, hooked up to the outboard anchor line cable, and inspected. Special
items of equipment are attached to their respective jumpers and inspected.
TEN-MINUTE TIME WARNING. The aircrew turns on the red jump caution lights, and then
notifies the JM that the inspections are complete. The JMs hook up to the inboard anchor line cables
and begin issuing jump commands. If both doors are used on one pass, then both JMs issue the
commands at the same time.
SIX-MINUTE TIME WARNING AND AIRCRAFT SLOWDOWN. The aircrew completes their 6minute slowdown check: aircraft deck is set between six and seven degrees, aircraft slows to a drop
speed of 130 knots (plus or minus three knots indicated airspeed), air deflectors are deployed, and
troop doors opened. The loadmaster takes a position between both jump doors and gives control of
the doors to the JMs. The JMs perform troop door safety checks, outside air safety checks, and spot
for checkpoints en route to the drop zone.
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ONE-MINUTE TIME WARNING. The JM issues the time warning to the parachutists with his lead
hand and then spots for checkpoints.
THIRTY-SECOND TIME ADVISORY. After issuing the 30-second time advisory, the JMs make a
final outside safety check, return inside the aircraft, gain eye-to-eye contact with each other, and
give each other a thumbs up indicating that all conditions outside the aircraft are safe for the
jump. The amber jump caution light is turned on. The JMs face the jumpers and issue the eighth
jump commandSTAND BY.
GREEN LIGHT. On the green light, the JM issues the ninth jump command, GO. The JMs first
jumper exits the aircraft. The AJM taps his first jumper out a half second after the JMs No. 1
jumper exits.
JUMP COMMANDS
16-59.

GET READY. Jumpers undo their seatbelts.
OUTBOARD PERSONNEL, STAND UP. All outboard jumpers stand, place their seatbelts in their
seats, and push in the seats to retract them to the raised position. (This allows the jumpers to use the
handhold straps on the cargo wall and assists in keeping the seatbelts off the floor, reducing tripping
hazards.)
INBOARD PERSONNEL, STAND UP. Jumpers stand up. (The inboard seats do not fold.) Safety
moves forward in the aircraft and inspects each jumpers quick release in the waistband, quickrelease snap on the M1950 weapons case, ejector snap of the hook-pile tape lowering line, and the
adjustable leg straps of the HSPR.
HOOK UP. During mass tactical operations, a maximum of 27 jumpers on the outboard anchor line
cables and 24 jumpers on the inboard anchor line cables are allowed.
CHECK STATIC LINES. The last two jumpers turn toward the skin of the aircraft. The second to
the last jumper checks the last jumpers static line. Each jumper checks the static line of the jumper
to his front.
CHECK EQUIPMENT. The JMs immediately check their own equipment.
SOUND OFF FOR EQUIPMENT CHECK. At this command, both safeties move from the forward
portion of the aircraft to the aft end. They check the jumpers static lines and tell the jumpers to gain
eye-to-eye contact when handing their static lines to the safety.
STAND BY. The amber light activates 10 seconds before the green light activates, and both No. 1
jumpers assume a position in the door but not on the jump platform. Each JM takes a position facing
his door to control the flow of the jumpers to the platform. The safeties stand directly under the aft
end of the anchor line cable support bracket facing the jumpers. They control the static lines by
vigorously pushing them back and to the upper trailing corner of the door and not allowing slack to
fall down into the door.
GO. During mass exits, on the command, GO, the JM exits his No. 1 jumper. The AJM taps out his
No. 1 jumper a half second after the JMs No. 1 jumper exits the aircraft. Movement to the door is a
normal walking pace without shuffling. The jumper keeps his arms straight and elbows locked
while passing his static line to the safety; he places both hands on the ends of the reserve parachute
and exits the aircraft. Exits are made at a 90-degree angle off the jump platform. The AJM follows
his last jumper out the aircraft. The JM waits until the AJM clears the platform, then exits the
aircraft. The safeties immediately conduct a towed jumper inspection and turn the door over to the
loadmaster with a thumbs up. (If using ADEPT options 1 or 2, use the appropriate exit
procedures.)
DOOR CHECK PROCEDURES

16-60. After the JM receives the announcement, ALL OKAY, JUMPMASTER, from the No. 1 jumpers, he
regains control of his static line from the safety and takes the No. 1 jumper position. Once the aircrew has
completed their slowdown checks, the loadmaster transfers control of the door by giving the JM a thumbs up
signal and moves to the center of the cargo floor area where he can observe both doors. It is important for the
safeties to control the JMs static line with two hands and also to keep an eye on the loadmaster and the
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jumpers. The JM is now ready to perform his door safety check. He transfers control of his static line back to
the safety. The JM then grasps the troop door guide tracks with his trail hand and conducts the door safety
check procedures.
TROOP DOOR UP LOCK

16-61. With the lead hand, the JM grasps the troop door lifting bar, raises the door up, and then pulls it back
down to the door up lock. A visual inspection of the door up lock verifies that it is in the locked position.
TRAIL EDGE OF THE TROOP DOOR

16-62. With the lead hand, the JM starts at the top of the trail edge of the troop door and traces down to the
jump platform, then back up to top of the trail edge of the door. Then he secures a handhold with his lead hand
by grasping the troop door guide or the handhold provided on the lead edge of the door.
CAUTION
The JM must be aware that the reserve parachute rip cord grip or rip cord
grip handle can contact the trail edge of the door and could cause
inadvertent reserve parachute deployment.
AIR DEFLECTOR
16-63. To check the air deflector, the JM ensures steady illumination of the DFTR deployed annunciator on
the loadmasters aft control panel and performs a visual inspection of the door. To check the air deflector, the
JM leans toward the trail edge of the door and performs a visual inspection of the air deflector to make certain
it is fully deployed.
OUTSIDE AIR SAFETY CHECK

16-64. The JM places either foot on the center of the platform with his trail foot a comfortable distance
behind the lead foot. He leans out by bending forward at the waist and locking both elbows. He maintains a
firm grasp with both hands at all times and performs his initial outside air safety check to the rear. The JM
continues his duties at subsequent time warnings.
WARNING
At no time during airborne operations should the cargo ramp door
be open when the troop doors are open. If this situation exists, all
jumpers, including JMs and safety personnel must be seated and
strapped in, guarding the rip cord grip or rip cord handle of their
reserve parachutes. If Army personnel must work around the open
troop doors, caution must be taken to prevent personnel from being
swept out of the aircraft. Reserve activation with troop doors and
cargo door open can cause serious injury or death.
DOOR BUNDLE PROCEDURES AND EJECTION

16-65.
Bundles may be pushed out the door. Use the same procedures as for the C-130 aircraft.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
16-66. In accordance with a memorandum from Headquarters, U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command
(Subject: Safety of Personnel Formation Airdrop Operations from the C-17, Date: 8 March 1997), personnel
parachutes must be equipped with a 20-foot static line.
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RAMP JUMPS
16-67.
Static line personnel airdrops from the cargo ramp from C-17 are prohibited.
AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION
16-68.
The configuration of aircraft considers the following:

The aircraft deck angle is set between six and seven degrees below horizontal during static line
personnel airdrops with an air speed of 130 knots, plus or minus three knots indicated airspeed.
The total aircraft gross weight should not exceed 360,000 pounds at the time static line personnel
airdrops are initiated.
Troop air deflector is deployed.
BUNDLE STATIC LINE

16-69.
All door bundles are equipped with a 20-foot static line, with two static line drogue device attached.
STATIC SAFETY PERSONNEL

16-70.
The following applies to static safety personnel:

Static safety personnel sit in the crew compartment, but they move to the troop compartment after
takeoff. Static safety personnel must complete their 20-minute checks and arrive at the forward end
of the cargo compartment before the 10-minute time warning.
The safeties stand directly under the aft end of the anchor line cable support bracket facing the
jumpers. They control the static lines by vigorously pushing them back and to the upper trailing
corner of the door and not allowing slack to fall down into the door.
AIRCRAFT INSPECTION
16-71. Before the flight, the JM or safety inspects the exterior aft of the troop doors for any protrusions,
sharp edges, or snag hazards. He closes the cargo ramp during this inspection to allow for examination of the
actuator door bulb seal and jack pads.
PARATROOP RETRIEVAL SYSTEM

16-72. Static line personnel airdrops are restricted to C-17A aircraft with installed Paratroop Retrieval
System (Canadian Retrieval System).
ANCHOR LINE CABLE

16-73. The JMs ensure that no more than 27 jumpers are hooked up to the outboard anchor line cables and
no more than 24 jumpers are hooked up to the inboard anchor line cables during mass tactical operations.
FORMATION
16-74. For personnel airdrop operations from separate aircraft, the formation separation time between
aircrafts is 2.5 to 3 minutes or 26,000 feet to avoid any aircraft wake vortex interference with jumpers.
IN-FLIGHT RIGGING PROCEDURES

16-75. The C-17A seats 100 jumpers, two nonjumping safeties, and one loadmaster. Ramp space is provided
for storage of parachute assemblies on pallets and door bundles.

16-76.
The following are required for in-flight rigging:

One JM (supervises in-flight rigging).
Eight AJMs (seven from the chalk).
Two nonjumping safety personnel.
One loadmaster.
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EQUIPMENT STOWAGE
16-77. Parachute assemblies (mains and reserves, 106 each) are placed in kit bags and stowed and secured in
two pallets on the ramp. Jumpers sit in two sticks each on the left and right sides of the aircraft. All ALICE
packs and weapons containers are placed in the center aisles and are strapped down by the loadmaster. All
PJPs, SMJPs, AT-4s, and door bundles are strapped down to the cargo floor section aft of the inboard seats or
on the ramp. The jumper keeps his ballistic helmet, protective mask, and LBE under the seat.
PARACHUTE ISSUE
16-78. All ALICE packs and weapons containers are retrieved from the center aisles and placed on the
jumpers lap. Starting with the left outboard stick, each jumper stands up, places his ALICE pack and weapon
on his seat, walks to the pallets on the ramp, draws an aviator kit bag, continues in a counterclockwise motion
between the two sticks of jumpers seated on the right side of the aircraft, and returns to his original seat. The
left inboard stick repeats the same procedure following the outboard jumpers. After the left side is complete,
the right outboard stick jumpers stand up, place their ALICE packs and weapons on their seats, and draw
aviator kit bags in the same manner except that they return in a clockwise motion moving through the left door
center aisles. Right inboard jumpers follow the outboard jumpers.
BUDDY RIGGING
16-79. The JM initiates in-flight buddy rigging two hours before the 20-minute time warning, and it consists
of the following actions:
Once the parachutes are issued, buddy rigging begins. The JM, safety personnel, and designated
AJMs supervise. Once a parachutist has been rigged, he sits down and waits to be inspected by one
of the JMs.
The JM personnel serve as roving inspectors.
The JM supervises the operation and ensures all personnel are inspected. If there are other current
and qualified JMs onboard the aircraft, they may be used.
Once all the jumpers have been inspected, the JMs don their equipment, and the safety personnel
inspect them.
JUMPMASTER AIRCRAFT INSPECTION

16-80.
The JM inspects the aircraft by taking the actions described below.
EXTERIOR OF AIRCRAFT FUSELAGE

16-81.
The jumpmaster must do the following tasks:

Inspect aft of doors for any protrusions, sharp edges, or snag hazards.
Inspect ramp area with the ramp in the closed position. Special attention must be made to the
actuator door bulb seal on both sides of the exterior of the cargo ramp.
Ensure that the rubber seal is in place and that there are no sharp edges or snag hazards.
SEATS
16-82.
The jumpmaster must ensure the following:

There should be enough seats for troop load (102, normal load; 108, maximum), and all seats should
be serviceable.
All seats should have safety belts.
Seats are secured to the floor or sidewall of the aircraft.
FLOOR
16-83.
16-20
The jumpmaster must inspect for the following:

Nonskid covering is in good condition, clean, and safe to walk on.
Roller conveyors are stowed.
Loose equipment is secured in the cargo area.
Deck tie-down ring covers in place and secured just before each door.
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JUMP PLATFORMS
16-84.

Nonskid surface present.
Platform lights operate for night jumps.
JUMP DOORS
16-85.

No excessive grease on the door tracks.
No sharp or protruding edges on door frames.
Doors open and close without excessive force.
Door lever catches operate in the up lock position.
AIR DEFLECTOR
16-86.

No sharp edges.
Deploys properly as indicated by steady illumination of the DFTR deployed annunciator on the
loadmasters aft control panel for the respective door.
JUMP CAUTION LIGHTS

16-87. The jumpmaster must inspect for proper operation of the jump caution lights: red, amber
(10 seconds), to green.
ANCHOR LINE CABLE SYSTEM

16-88.

Properly installed with no breaks, kinks, or frays. Ensure the cables are clean and free of rust.
Cables run through slots.
Quick-release retaining pip pins are present and installed.
Paratroop Retrieval System (Canadian Retrieval System) attachment point on aft anchor line.
Cable stanchion present.

16-89.

Paratroop Retrieval System assembly present and complete.
Retriever cables are not broken, frayed, or kinked.
Retriever cables are secured in spring clips.
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
16-90.

Public address system is operational.
First aid kits and fire extinguishers present.
MISCELLANEOUS
16-91.

Lighting system is operational, especially red lights for night operations.
Air sickness bags and hearing protection are available.
Comfort facilities, water, urinals, and so forth, are available for in-flight rigging.
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Chapter 16
Complete JM kit bag is on the aircraft.

16-92.
When a jumper becomes towed, follow the procedures described below.
SUPERVISORY PERSONNEL ACTIONS

16-93. When a jumper becomes towed, the JM stops the stick and notifies the loadmaster. The loadmaster
notifies the pilot and requests that the drop altitude and speed be maintained. The JM identifies how the jumper
is being towed. If the jumper is being towed by anything other than his static line, the JM attempts to free the
jumper. If the jumper is being towed by the static line, recovery procedures are initiated. The JM observes the
jumper and recommends whether to retrieve or cut the jumper free. The recommendation is relayed by the
loadmaster to the pilot. The pilot makes the decision to retrieve or cut the jumper free from the aircraft. If
directed by the pilot, the USAF loadmaster cuts the jumper free from the aircraft.
JUMPER ACTIONS
16-94. If a towed jumper is conscious, he maintains a good tight body position with both hands on the ends
of the reserve, right hand protecting the rip cord grip, and he is prepared to activate the reserve if cut free from
the aircraft.
PRIORITY FOR ACTION

16-95. First (Jumper is towed by the static line): Retrieve the jumper using the Paratroop Retrieval System.
16-96. Second Priority: Cut the jumper free.
16-97. Third Priority (least preferred): Land with the jumper outside the aircraft. When using this method, if
the jumper cannot be completely retrieved into the aircraft, he should be retrieved as close as possible to the
door and secured. The aircraft lands at the closest available runway.
AJM AND SAFETY ACTIONS

16-98. If the jumper is to be retrieved, the AJM and safeties move the remaining jumpers toward the front of
the aircraft. All personnel stay clear of the door and line of travel of the static line retriever cable. When the
jumper has been retrieved to the door, the JM and the safety gain physical control of the jumper. At no time
should the JM or the safety grasp the jumpers reserve parachute. The retrieved jumper is moved all the way
forward in the aircraft, and he does not exit the aircraft during the airdrop operation. Instruct the jumper not to
touch any of his equipment or de-rig in any way. If emergency medical treatment is needed, cancel the airdrop
operation during training. During combat operations, the mission may be continued.
SECTION IV BA-18 BACK AUTOMATIC PARACHUTE

16-99. The BA-18 USAF emergency back automatic parachute is used by nonjumping jumpmasters and
safety personnel onboard USAF high-performance aircraft only. This USAF parachute has a repack cycle of
180 days and must pass a routine inspection at the home unit every 30 days. Once the parachute is activated, it
must be destroyed. The BA-18 is equipped with either an FXC Model 7000 or FXC Model 11000 automatic
release system (ARS). The owning USAF units life support department sets the time delay release (from one
to 13 seconds) and then attaches a small white tag on the back of the BA-18 to indicate what delay time has
been set (three seconds, four seconds, five seconds, and so on). To employ the BA-18, the jumper either pulls
the red arming cable knob to activate the time-delay feature, or overrides the ARS by pulling the T-shaped
blast handle. Personnel scheduled to wear the BA-18 must inspect it before each use. If they note any
discrepancies during the inspection, they must not use the parachute. FXC Models 7000 and 11000 cannot be
set on a timer. The USAFs automatic release is a time-delay release.
BA-18 INSPECTION CRITERIA

16-100. The inspection procedures are simple, and their sequence is not important. However, the parachute
must be inspected before each donning. The criteria includes the following:
Check the canopy release assemblies in the same manner as on the T-10 series or MC-1 series main
parachutes.
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Ensure that no straps (chest, leg, and horizontal backstrap) are cut or frayed.
Ensure all three ejector snaps are serviceable.
Between the parachute harness assembly and the pack tray, a pad is held with four pull the dot
fasteners (one at each corner). Open the pull the dot fasteners, expose the long zipper that is behind
the pad, and unzip the zipper. Ensure that the locking pins are not bent and are routed through the
white nylon cord loops, and that the cable is free of rust or other corrosion. Resecure the zipper and
the pad once the inspection has been completed.
Inspect the risers and ensure they are not cut or frayed and are secured to the canopy release
assemblies.
Make an overall inspection on the outside of the pack tray to ensure that the pack tray is free of rips,
tears, oil, grease, dirt, or water and that no canopy or suspension lines protrude from the pack tray.
Open the slide fastener on the back of the pack tray. Ensure that the spring has both hooks (one at
each end) routed through the white nylon cord loops; then secure the slide fastener.
Ensure the rip cord is properly stowed and free of rust or other corrosion.
Ensure the red time delay arming cable knob is properly stowed.
If the parachute is equipped with a personnel lowering device, inspect it to ensure that the
associated hardware is secure inside the stow pocket. Inspect the lowering line from where it exits
the stow pocket to the point it disappears into the pack tray.
PLANNED AND UNPLANNED EXITS

16-101. To ensure safety of all jumpers during the variety of exits, several situations are described below.
ABOVE 14,000 FEET

16-102. Once the last jumper has exited the aircraft, pull the red automatic release arming knob to arm the
ARS, and exit the aircraft.
16-103. After reaching an altitude of 14,000 feet, the canopy will open. However, at anytime during descent,
the rip cord can be activated and override the ARS.
BELOW 14,000 FEET

16-104. If the parachute is equipped with an ARS set for a delay of four seconds or more, pull the automatic
release arming knob and exit the aircraft.
16-105. If the parachute is equipped with an ARS set for less than four seconds, exit the aircraft, assume the
correct body position, and pull the automatic release arming knob. To assume the correct body position, place
the chin on the chest, the elbows into the sides, the feet and knees together and visually locate and place the
hand(s) on the rip cord. Allow sufficient time (one second, minimum) to clear the aircraft, then pull the rip
cord.
Note. When bailing out of an aircraft at extremely low levels, the most important factor is to pull the
rip cord immediately upon clearing the aircraft, regardless of body position.
PROPER METHOD TO PULL RIP CORD

16-106. Personnel must take the following actions when pulling the rip cord:
The automatic release may be overridden by pulling the rip cord. Grasp the T-handle with the right
hand and guide or assist it with the left hand. Pull the rip cord, hard and fast, down toward the feet
and away from the body. Pull it to arms length and then bring the arms back close to the body
immediately. Ensure the rip cord clears the housing.
After exiting the aircraft, complete the normal remaining four points of performancecheck
canopy and gain canopy control, keep a sharp lookout during the entire descent, prepare to land, and
land. (Refer to Chapter 3.) To avoid obstacles and other jumpers in the air, or maneuver the canopy,
pull a vigorous two-riser slip in the desired direction of travel. To execute a two-riser slip with this
canopy, reach up high onto the risers to the elbow locked position, grasp a set of risers in the
direction of the desired movement, and pull them down to the chest.
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Chapter 16
PERSONNEL LOWERING DEVICE

16-107. If the jumper becomes hung in trees or rough terrain and the parachute is equipped with a PLD, use it
to climb down to safety. Jumper should
Visually check to see if he is securely hung in the obstacle.
Take the hardware out of the stow pocket. Grasp the braking device and snap it into the top portion
of the V ring of the chest strap with the hook side facing the midsection.
Pass the snap hook at the end of the tape through the V of both risers.
Attach the snap hook to the O-ring (which should be in front of the face).
Grasp the tape with the left hand and disconnect the right canopy release assembly with the right
hand. Exchange hands on the tape, with the left hand disconnecting the left canopy release
assembly.
Lower himself to the ground by feeding the tape through the braking device.
Stop the descent by pulling the tape up vertically with the right hand.
SECTION V ADVANCED EMERGENCY BAILOUT PARACHUTE

16-108. The Advanced Emergency Bailout Parachute (AEBP) is a lightweight emergency parachute with a
26-foot extended skirt canopy. The canopy is made from low-porosity material that is vacuum sealed to protect
the main canopy from physical and environmental hazards. The canopy assembly consists of a main canopy,
cross connector straps, a slider, diaper, steering handles, upper risers, and suspension lines made of Spectra
material. The container is made up of durable canvas weave material and is used to store the sealed canopy
assembly and pilot chute. The harness is used for securing the supporting the airborne Soldier.
16-109. After an emergency bailout, the jumper manually pulls the rip cord handle, which removes the rip
cord from the closing loop and initiates the parachute deployment process. This allows the spring loaded pilot
parachute to open the flaps and spring out into the air current.
16-110. As the jumper falls away from the inflated pilot chute, the pilot parachute bridle cord pull on the
sealed canopy bridle cords. This opens the vacuum-sealed bag, extracting the suspension lines from the
deployment bag, followed by the main canopy. Upon the main canopy deployment, a slider attached to the
suspension lines will slide down the suspension lines towards the jumper to reduce canopy opening shock. The
Main canopy will inflate.
16-111. When for force is applied to the soft links, the main canopy will inflate. During descent, the jumper
can use the steering handles located on the back side of the rear risers to maneuver the parachute to a desired
landing site.
16-112. Upon landing, the jumper doffs the AEBP System by releasing the three quick ejector snaps (chest
and two leg straps).
ADVANCED EMERGENCY BAILOUT PARACHUTE INSPECTION

16-113. The parachute should always be inspected prior to being donned. If there are any discrepancies with
the parachute, remove system from service. (See Figure 16-12 for parts identification.) The following
procedures are the inspection criteria for the Advanced Emergency Bailout Parachute:
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Figure 16-12. Advanced emergency bailout parachute
Lift outer top cover flap. Check that the top closing flap tackings are present. Tuck flaps are not
exposed and the color of the tape, lacing and tying, is white. (See Figure 16-13.)
Figure 16-13. Inspect the tuck flaps
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Chapter 16
Check the rip cord pin. Ensure the pin is straight and fully seated but not shouldered. Confirm the
secure tie is present. If the secure tie is not present or is broken, remove system from service for
inspection. Reseat outer top cover flap. (See Figure 16-14.)
Figure 16-14. Inspect rip cord pin
16-26
Inspect the right links by opening the right shoulder flap and right link protector flap. Visually
inspect soft links for holes, cuts, fraying, loose or broken stitching, and burns. Inspect the No. 4
connector link for burrs, cracks, sharp edges, corrosion, broken sealant, and exposed threads. Ensure
torque sealant is on the nut and no threads are exposed. Close right link protector flap and right
shoulder flap, ensuring the hook and pile tape is secure. (See Figure 16-15.)
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Figure 16-15. Inspect the right links
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Chapter 16
Check the front rip cord housing tacking is in place and the color of the tape, lacing and tying, is
white. Check that the rip cord handle and rip cord cable are stowed in the pocket and not routed
through the chest strap. Ensure large portion of rip cord handle is seated in the pocket. Ensure the
swage ball is located at the end of the rip cord cable and is free from burrs, sharp edges, and cracks.
After inspection, ensure that swage ball is stowed in rip cord pocket. (See Figure 16-16.)
Figure 16-16. Inspect front rip cord housing tacking
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Inspect the left links by opening the left shoulder flap and left link protector flap. Visually inspect
soft links for holes, cuts, fraying, loose or broken stitching, and burns. Inspect the No. 4 connector
link for burrs, cracks, sharp edges, corrosion, broken sealant, and exposed threads. Ensure torque
sealant is on nut and no threads are exposed. Visually inspect rip cord housing for burrs, cracks,
corrosion, and sharp edges. Check for the presence of the rear rip cord housing tacking. Close left
link protector flap and left shoulder flap ensuring hook and pile secure flap tape is secure. (See
Figure 16-17.)
Figure 16-17. Inspect left links
October 2013
Check for the presence of the four quick ejector snap tackings securing the comfort pad to the chest
strap quick ejector snap. Inspect the chest strap for loose or broken stitching, holes, burns,
contamination, cuts, tears, and fraying. Inspect the quick ejector snap and quick fit V-ring on the
chest strap for proper operation, rust, corrosion, burrs, sharp edges and cracks. Check if retainer
webbing is present at the chest strap. Inspect retainer webbing for loose or broken stitching, loss of
elasticity, cuts and fraying. If retainer webbing is not present or is not serviceable, replace with
heavy duty retainer bands.
Inspect the main lift webs for loose or broken stitching, holes, burns, contamination, cuts, tears, and
fraying. Check the main lift web adjusters for burrs, cracks, sharp edges, and corrosion. Check if
retainer webbings are present at the main lift webs. Inspect retainer webbings for loose or broken
stitching, loss of elasticity, cuts and fraying. If retainer webbing is not present or is not serviceable,
replace with heavy duty retainer bands.
Check for the presence of the two quick ejector snap tackings securing the comfort pads to each leg
strap quick ejector snaps. Inspect the leg straps and saddle for loose or broken stitching, holes,
burns, contamination, cuts, tears, and fraying. Inspect the quick ejector snaps and quick fit V-rings
on both leg straps for proper operation, rust, corrosion, burrs, sharp edges, and cracks. Check if
retainer webbings are present at the leg straps. Inspect retainer webbings for loose or broken
stitching, loss of elasticity, cuts and fraying. If retainer webbing is not present or is not serviceable,
replace with heavy duty retainer bands.
Check the sealed canopy assembly for firmness. A soft (pillowed) AEBP indicates the sealed
canopy assembly has lost its vacuum.
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Chapter 16
Note. If vacuum loss occurs, the AEBP is still serviceable for the mission. After the completion of
the mission, the AEBP must be repacked.
Conduct an overall visual inspection of the container for seam separation, holes, cuts, tears, frays,
burns, and presence of Army Parachute Log record.
PLANNED AND UNPLANNED EXITS

16-114. There exists a likely probability of death or permanent total disability if the AEBP is used by an
inadequately trained Soldier during an unplanned aircraft exit. As a minimum, AEBP instruction should
include New Equipment Training (NET) before first use and a rehearsal of system use and emergency
procedures as part of Sustained Airborne Training prior to each operational airdrop mission. AEBP training
should focus on body position after unplanned exit, rip cord activation, actions under canopy, emergency
procedures, and landing procedures. The paragraphs described below are recommended procedures for AEBP
training and rehearsal.
BODY POSITION
16-115. To assume the correct body position during an unplanned exit, place chin on chest, elbows into sides,
feet and knees together, visually locate and place hand(s) on the rip cord grip, and then pull the rip cord.
However, when bailing out of an aircraft at extremely low altitude (below 1000 feet AGL), the most important
factor is to pull the rip cord as soon as the parachutist clears the aircraft, regardless of body position.
Parachutists scheduled to wear the AEBP should rehearse proper body position during Sustained Airborne
Training mock aircraft rehearsal.
Note. When bailing out of an aircraft at extremely low levels, the most important factor is to pull the
rip cord immediately upon clearing the aircraft, regardless of body position.
PROPER METHOD TO PULL RIP CORD

16-116. To properly pull the rip cord, personnel must take the following actions:
The rip cord grip is located over the left breast pocket. To activate, the parachutist should grasp the
rip cord grip with one or both hands and then pull the rip cord downward hard and fast toward their
feet and away from their body.
The parachutist should pull it to arms length ensuring the rip cord clears the housing and then
immediately bring their arms close to their body.
Parachutists scheduled to wear the AEBP should rehearse rip cord activation in conjunction with
proper body position during Sustained Airborne Training mock aircraft rehearsal.
Additionally, immediately after donning the system parachutists should identify the rip cord grip
location and simulate rip cord activation.
ACTIONS UNDER CANOPY

16-117. After exiting the aircraft, complete the remaining four points of performance:
Check canopy and gain canopy control.
Keep a sharp lookout during the entire descent.
Prepare to land.
Land.
16-118. During descent, pull the toggles in the desired direction of travel to maneuver the canopy and avoid
obstacles and other jumpers in the air. Parachutists scheduled to wear the AEBP should rehearse actions under
canopy during Sustained Airborne Training prejump training.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES COLLISIONS

16-119. Parachutists must always attempt to avoid mid-air contact by slipping or turning away from fellow
jumpers. If unable to avoid a collision, the higher parachutist should use the spread-eagle method to bounce off
the lower parachutists canopy or suspension lines. If an AEBP equipped parachutist enters another
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parachutists suspension lines, the AEBP equipped parachutist immediately assumes the position of attention
in hope that their exit will be the same location without becoming entangled. If not, the AEBP equipped
parachutist should follow emergency procedures for entanglement.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ENTANGLEMENTS

16-120. The AEBP is a steerable canopy with a forward velocity. The AEBP has no reserve canopy. If
parachutists become entangled, their actions required to correct the problem depend upon the condition of their
main canopies. If one parachutist has a completely inflated canopy, they will hold their positions until they
reach the ground. If both parachutes lose lift capabilities, the parachutist with a reserve will use the pull-drop
method to activate their reserve parachute. Neither parachutist should attempt to climb to the other parachutist.
Additionally, the higher parachutist should avoid the lower parachutist when landing. Parachutists scheduled to
wear the AEBP should rehearse collision and entanglement procedures during Sustained Airborne Training
prejump Training.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES CANOPY ACTIVATION INSIDE AIRCRAFT

16-121. If the pilot chute deploys from the pack tray, the jumpmaster or safety personnel will immediately
attempt to contain the pilot chute. If contained, the AEBP equipped parachutist should remove the parachute
and place it inside its kitbag. Jump operations will be on hold until the effected non-jumping jumpmaster or
safety personnel don a replacement parachute or safety harness. If a replacement parachute or safety harness is
not available, the effected parachutist should take a seat near the front of the aircraft and the airborne operation
should only be conducted from the door with a full complement of jumpmaster and safety personnel. If the
AEBP equipped parachutist is aft of the wheel well, and the jump doors (or ramp) are open and the pilot chute
is in or going out the door (or ramp), the parachutist should immediately exit the aircraft. Airborne operations
will cease if the non-jumping jumpmaster or safety personnel conduct an unplanned exit. Parachutists
scheduled to wear the AEBP should rehearse canopy activation inside the aircraft during Sustained Airborne
Training mock aircraft rehearsal.
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Chapter 17
Rotary-Wing Aircraft
Rotary-wing aircraft can be used for airdrop operations when special missions are
conducted to deploy small unit forces. The aviation unit supporting the airdrop is
responsible for preparing the aircraft for equipment and personnel drops to include seat
and door removal (if required) and installation or rearrangement of seat belts. The
installation of the field expedient Anchor Line System is the JMs responsibility. Aircraft
preparation is usually accomplished jointly by the crew chief and JM.
SECTION I SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

17-1.
Although safety considerations for each aircraft are discussed, the requirements below apply to all
Army aircraft (unless otherwise indicated).
GROUND TRAINING
17-2.
Unit commanders require all personnel to participate in ground training immediately before the jump.
The parachutists are shown the correct movement procedures to the aircraft, inside the aircraft, and the exit
procedures. Parachutists are required to practice and demonstrate these procedures to JM satisfaction before
the jump. Different techniques are involved in jumping from rotary-wing aircraft; failure to conduct ground
training may result in a serious jump accident.
MOVEMENT IN AIRCRAFT
17-3.
The pilot is briefed to expect rapid shifts in the aircrafts center of gravity during stand up, hook up,
and exit of parachutists.
RESERVE PARACHUTE
17-4.
Crowded conditions inside the cargo compartment could cause accidental activation of a reserve
parachute, creating an extremely hazardous situation. During movement, the rip cord grip of the reserve
parachute is protected by placing the right hand and forearm over the front of the reserve. This method allows
the parachutist to control the pilot chute and canopy in case of accidental activation.
SPACE LIMITATIONS
17-5.
The total number of parachutists and air delivery containers must conform to the weight and space
limitations of the specific aircraft involved.
SIX-SECOND COUNT
17-6.
Due to the slow forward speed of helicopters and the downward rotor wash, the time interval between
exit and full deployment of T-10 series, MC-6 series, or MC-1 series parachutes requires about 100 feet more
altitude. Due to the longer opening time, the parachutist extends the normal 4000 count to a 6000 count.
STATIC LINES AND DEPLOYMENT BAGS

17-7.
Static lines and deployment bags are retrieved by the JM or crew chief immediately after the last
parachutist is clear. The static lines and deployment bags are secured as soon as they are retrieved inside the
aircraft. If the door on the aircraft can be closed, the static lines can be removed from the anchor cable or
attaching point; otherwise, the static lines are not detached until the aircraft is on the ground.
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Chapter 17
CROWDED CONDITIONS
17-8.
Crowded conditions inside these aircraft dictate that caution be used to prevent entanglement or
misrouting of static lines during the parachutists exit. Each parachutist is cautioned to watch the static line of
the preceding parachutist and to observe all the static lines trailing from the lower aft corner of the cargo or
personnel door. This precaution ensures that succeeding parachutists do not jump until the parachute of the
preceding parachutist has deployed, and that the deployment bag has trailed to the rear of the aircraft.
CONTAINER LOADS
17-9.
If container loads are to be airdropped from bomb shackles (wing load), helicopter door, bomb bay, or
the doors of utility airplanes, they must be rigged using parachutes equipped with breakaway static lines. A7A, A-21, and CDS container loads rigged with LCLA cargo parachutes, G-12 with 68-inch pilot chute, or G14 cargo parachutes, with breakaway or non-breakaway static lines may be airdropped from the ramp or rear
end (tailgate) of cargo and transport type aircraft with jumpers following after a three-second delay between
the cargo and the first jumper. (Refer to the specific aircraft manual for any limitations on cargo container
weight, dimensions, or static line configuration.) CRRC loads may be dropped followed by jumpers with the
15-foot extraction parachute packed in a main parachute deployment bag in accordance with TM 4-48.04.
Container loads with breakaway static lines are not rigged for airdrop from the troop door (side door) of cargo
and transport type aircraft. For paratroop door drops, loads that will be followed immediately by parachutists
will be rigged with cargo parachutes having nonbreakaway static lines in accordance with message DTG
311313ZOCT00. Each static line must have a drogue attached to it as outlined in the parachutes technical
manual. When using the T-10 series cargo parachute or the 68-inch pilot parachute for the paratroop door load,
the deployment bag serves as the drogue. Parachutists are not dropped at the same time as bundles that are
rigged for release from bomb shackles.
HOOKUP PROCEDURES
17-10. When using rotary-wing and small fixed-wing aircraft for airborne operations, parachutists might use
different hookup procedures from the standard hookup procedures used in USAF large, fixed-wing, troop
carrier aircraft. This difference is due to the location of the anchor cables. Also, the JM may hook up the
individual jumper. Unless otherwise specified in the hookup procedures for specific aircraft, the rule is to hook
the open portion of the snap hook to the front of the aircraft with all static line snap hooks facing the same
direction. This permits rapid, visual inspection before the jump and easy removal of the static lines after the
jump.

17-11. In the event of a towed jumper on a rotary-wing aircraft, the JM will prevent any other jumpers from
exiting and will notify the pilot. The parachutist stays in a tight body position and protects the rip cord grip.
The JM will ensure the jumper is securely attached to the aircraft and will not break free during descent. If the
jumper is not securely attached, the JM will attempt to shake or cut him free. If the jumper is securely attached,
the aircraft will slowly descend to the DZ and come to a hover, and the jumper will be freed from the aircraft.
WARNING
Ensure the static electricity is discharged from rotary-wing aircraft
prior to lowering the jumper to the ground. This can be
accomplished by the drop zone personnel using a static wand if
available, or by lowering the cargo hook to the ground.
SECTION II UH-1 SERIES

17-12. The Armys UH-1series is powered by a single gas turbine engine. As many as eight combatequipped parachutists can jump from the UH-1 series, consistent with weight limitations. (See Figure 17-1.)
The JM is nonjumping.
17-2
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Figure 17-1. UH-1 series Iroquois
PREPARATION AND INSPECTION

17-13.
Preparing and inspecting the UH-1 series includes the actions described below.
PREPARATION
17-14.
The following steps prepare the UH-1 series for jumping:

Both cargo compartment doors are locked in the open position. If the doors cannot be locked, they
are removed.
All troop seats are removed except one seat on each side (located to the rear of the pilot and copilot
seats). These two seats are installed so they are facing to the rear of the aircraft. If the parachutists
are equipped with combat equipment and eight parachutists are to jump, all seats in the cargo
compartment are removed.
The door and frame are inspected to ensure there are no sharp edges that could cut or fray static
lines. If these are determined to be hazardous, corrective action is taken before the helicopter is
used.
During field conditions, the door and frame can be padded and taped to preclude a mission abort.
Otherwise, the aircraft is returned to maintenance for correction of the deficiency.
Safety belts are attached to the tie-down rings on each side of the compartment for floor-seated
parachutists.
The door gunner/crew chief foot operated radio switch may be unscrewed (by hand) before the
flight. The exposed radio switch wires are taped to prevent an electrical short. If the switch is not
removed, it is padded and taped. The ground handling wheel mount brackets on both landing skids
are padded with cellulose wadding and taped. (See Figure 17-2.) Some aviation units have
fabricated special covers that may be used to cover the wheel mount brackets.
ANCHOR LINE SYSTEMS

17-15. Two anchor line systems are available with the UH-1 series aircraft for airdrop of personnel. The
standard overhead anchor line system (See Figure 17-3.) is provided and installed by the supporting aircraft.
The expedient floor mounted anchor line system (See Figure 17-3.) (NSN 1670-00-999-3544) consists of a
modified stabilized body (STABO) extraction system anchoring strap assembly and four D-rings. The D-rings
must be installed with cotton buffers.
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Chapter 17
Figure 17-2. UH-1 exposed fixtures padded
Expedient, Floor Mounted, Anchor Line Assembly Installation for the UH-1 Series
17-16. The field expedient anchor line system (for the UH-1 series) is as follows (See Figure 17-3.): Type
XXVI nylon webbing anchor line cable assembly consists of Type XXVI nylon webbing with four D-rings
(TM 10-1670-262-12&P). Type XXVI nylon webbing must be used with Type X cotton or Type VIII Nylon
buffers on the D-rings.
NOTE. Connector snaps will not be used on either the H or N models of the UH1-1.
Figure 17-3. UH-1 series anchor line systems

17-17.
Rigging procedures for the UH-1 series are as follows (See Figure 17-3.):
Left Door. For the left door, route the free running end through inboard tie-down ring Nos. 19 and
21. The strap must be routed, through outboard No 47 and 61, so the friction adapter and free
running end meet facing the center of the floor. The free running end is then secured to the friction
adapter then rolled and secured to the strap utilizing tape, pressure sensitive (100 mph).
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Right Door. The same procedures apply to the right door as the left except that the strap is routed
through inboard tie-down ring Nos. 20 and 22. Then it is routed through outboard tie-down ring
Nos. 48 and 62.
Inspection. Before enplaning, the JM and pilot, or pilots representative, jointly inspect the aircraft
to determine the following:
All protruding objects near the cargo compartment doors are removed or taped.
The lower right and left aft edges of both the cargo compartment doors are padded and taped.
The anchor line or field expedient anchor line system is secure, serviceable, and properly
installed.
Note. Check expedient anchor line system during airborne operation, verifying it has not slipped.
A safety belt is available for each parachutist.

A headset is available for the JM to effect coordination among the jumpers, the pilot, and the
ground.
Note. At no time will any steel or wire cable be used as an expedient anchor line system mounted to
the floor of the aircraft.
LOADING TECHNIQUES AND SEATING CONFIGURATION

17-18. During loading, jumpers should not approach directly from the front or sides but at a 45-degree angle
to the nose of the aircraft. Jumpers one through four enter the cargo compartment through the right door, are
hooked up by the JM in numerical order, and seat themselves. (See Figures 17-5 and 17-6.) Jumpers five
through eight enter the cargo compartment through the left door, are hooked up by the JM in numerical order,
and seat themselves. The jumpmaster will perform the following actions:
Ensures excess static line is stowed as he hooks up each parachutist.
Ensures the open portion of the static line snap hook faces the front of the aircraft.
For flights less than 25 minutes long, jumpers may sit in the door with their feet outside the cargo
compartment.
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Chapter 17
Figure 17-5. UH-1 seating configuration,

expedient anchor line system

overhead anchor line system
JUMP COMMANDS
17-19.
17-6
The JM issues the following commands:

GET READY. This command is given four minutes or less from drop time, and the aircraft is level
for final approach. All seat belts are unlatched and moved to the rear of the parachutists. The JM
visually inspects each safety belt to ensure that it is clear of the parachutist and the equipment.
CHECK STATIC LINES. The JM rises and checks the routing of static lines from the point of
attachment to the pack tray to ensure they are properly routed and hooked up.
CHECK EQUIPMENT. All parachutists check their equipment.
SOUND OFF FOR EQUIPMENT CHECK. On this command, starting with the No. 1 jumper
making eye to eye contact the JM, the jumper gives an oral Okay and a thumbs up to the JM. The
remaining parachutists follow in order.
SIT IN THE DOOR. This command is given by the JM 30 seconds from drop time. No. 1 and No. 2
swing their legs to the right and take sitting positions in the door with feet together outside the cargo
compartment. (No. 3 and No. 4 extend their legs outside and move to sitting positions.) They place
both hands, palms down, on the floor alongside their thighs, turn their heads toward the JM, and
wait. No. 5 and No. 6 swing their legs to the left, take sitting positions in the left door, and follow
the same procedure as No. 1 and No. 2. (No. 7 and No. 8 extend their legs outside and move to
sitting positions.) This command is omitted if the parachutists are already sitting in the door on a
short flight.
STAND BY. This command is given 8 to 10 seconds before the command, GO.
GO. At this command, the following actions described below occur.
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PERSONNEL
17-20. The JM controls the jumpers exit and ensures a one-second interval between jumpers by giving each
jumper the oral command GO after the preceding jumper has exited and cleared the aircraft. The jumpers exit
in numerical sequence.
AIR DELIVERY CONTAINERS

17-21. When an air delivery container is being released from the cargo hook, the pilot releases the container
and informs the JM when the load has cleared the aircraft. The jumpers exit as explained above.
ARCTIC OPERATIONS
17-22. If the helicopter has skis, the ski attaching bolts and the sharp edges of the skis are padded and taped
on the outboard side of the landing skids aft of the leading edge of the cargo door. Due to the bulk and weight
of arctic clothing, individual equipment is not worn. The equipment is dropped either as an internal or external
load.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
17-23.
Safety precautions on the UH-1series includes the actions described below.
Parachutists
17-24. During movement inside the aircraft, the parachutist protects the rip cord grip. Crowded conditions
inside the cargo compartment and the open doors on both sides of the fuselage pose a hazardous situation
regarding accidental activation of the reserve parachute.
Jumpmaster
17-25. The JM ensures all parachutists remain secured by their safety belts until the command GET READY
is given. The JM prevents (or corrects) excessive static line from flopping about the aircraft. (The JM does not
jump from this aircraft.) The JM wears a safety harness.
EQUIPMENT
17-26. Equipment prescribed in Chapter 12 can be worn by parachutists when jumping this aircraft.
17-27. Standard air delivery containers rigged with G-14 cargo parachutes can be delivered from the cargo
hook, using the breakaway static line. (Refer to FM 4-20.102. [FM 10-500.2].) The snap hooks of the static
lines are hooked to the Anchor Line System before liftoff. Door bundles reduce the number of parachutists that
can be carried, depending on the size and number of bundles.
17-28. The PJP/AT4JMP/SMJP may not be jumped from aircraft that require parachutists to sit on the floor.
AIRCRAFT
17-29. The indicated airspeed of the aircraft during jumps is not less than 50 knots or more than 70 knots.
The minimum drop altitude is 1500 feet AGL. After the last parachutist has cleared the aircraft, the static lines
are retrieved inside the aircraft and secured in an aviator kit bag or secured by a safety belt to the aircraft floor.
The static line snap hooks are not removed from the anchor line cable until the aircraft lands.
SECTION III UH-72A LIGHT UTILITY HELICOPTER

17-30. The UH-72A is a multi-purpose, twin-engine, low to medium range Light Utility Helicopter (LUH)
with skid landing gear (See Figure 17-7.); As many as four Hollywood or combat-equipped parachutists can
jump from the UH-72A LUH consistent with weight limitations. The JM is a will not jump.
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Chapter 17
Figure 17-7. UH-72A light utility helicopter
PREPRATION AND INSPECTION

17-31.
Preparing and inspecting the UH-72A LUH includes the following actions described below.
INSIDE PREPARATION
17-32.
The following steps prepare the UH-72A for jumping:
Tape the base of the left wall of the aircraft.
Tape over each panel on the left side.

Tape over floor rails from front to rear.
Repeat steps 1 through 3 for the right side. (See Figure 17-8.)
Figure 17-8. Right side of aircraft shown with tape
17-8
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OUTSIDE PREPARATION
17-33.
The following steps prepare the UH-72A for jumping (See Figure 17-9.):
Place a piece of felt or similar material over the trail edge of the left door and tape in place.
Tape the bottom edge of the left door.
Remove left door handle and tape the trail edge of the left door.
Tape over the left door guide rail.
Place cellulose wadding over the vent hose and tape in place.
Remove left door handle.
Figure 17-9. Left aircraft exterior shown with tape
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Chapter 17
Install the skid pad cover on the top skid. (See Figure 17-10.)
Figure 17-10. Left aircraft exterior shown with tape and skid pad cover
17-34.
UH-72A static line aircraft rigging and procedures include:

Installation of static line anchor device. (This step will be the responsibility of the crew chief
or aircraft maintenance crew.)
Install the aft anchor device on the 11th hole from the aft of the aircraft floor board
leaving 10 open holes. (See Figure 17-11.)
Figure 17-11. Location of aft static line anchor device
17-10
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Install the forward anchor device on the 36th hole from the aft of the aircraft floorboard leaving 25
open holes. (See Figure 17-12.)
Figure 17-12 Location of forward static line anchor device
Face the O-rings of each anchor device toward each other. (See Figure 17-13.)
Figure 17-13. O-rings of each anchor device facing each other
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Chapter 17
Install
and secure a safety roll pin on each anchor device. (See Figure 17-14.)
Figure 17-14. Installation of safety roll pins on each anchor device
Cover each anchor device with tape. (See Figure 17-15.)
Figure 17-15. Aft and forward anchor devices

shown with tape after installation of safety roll pin
17-12
Installation of anchor line system includes:
Install the anchor line system with running end of strap oriented toward the front of the
aircraft. (See Figure 17-16.)
Install anchor line system with D-rings toward the skin of the aircraft. (See Figure 17-16.)
Install safety wire through the snap hook of the anchor line system from inboard to outboard.
(See Figure 17-17.)
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Figure 17-16. Anchor line system shown with

running end of strap oriented toward front of
aircraft and with D-rings toward skin of aircraft
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Chapter 17
Figure 17-17. Safety wire installed through snap hook of

anchor line system
Wrap the end of the safety wire around the snap hook. (See Figure 17-18.)
Figure 17-18. End of safety wire

wrapped around snap hook of
anchor line system
17-14
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Crew chief will not tape any item on AC until after the jumpmaster has completed his AC
inspection.
Tape safety wire and snap hook. (See Figure 17-19.)
Figure 17-19. Safety wire and snap hook taped
Roll excess webbing and tape in place. (See Figure 17-20.)
Figure 17-20. Excess webbing taped in place
INSTALLING THE SAFETY STRAP FOR STATIC LINE PERSONNEL

17-35. Install anchor devices on the outer two floor rails with the O-rings toward the front of the aircraft. The
anchor devices will be parallel with the trail edge of the left and right doors. Do not install safety roll pins.
Install safety strap with a center break (such as quick release). Tape excess webbing. (See Figure 17-21.)
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Chapter 17
Figure 17-21. Static line personnel safety straps
LOADING TECHNIQUES AND SEARING CONFIGURATION

17-36. Seating Configurations for S/L personnel without CE and crew chief (See Figures 17-22 and 17-23.):
Parachutist No. 1 will be positioned on the left side of the aircraft parallel with the trail edge of the
door.
Parachutist No. 2 will be positioned on the right side of the aircraft parallel with the trail edge of the
door.
Parachutist No. 3 will be positioned behind parachutist No. 2 on the right side of the aircraft.
Figure 17-22. Seating configuration for static line personnel without combat equipment and crew
chief
17-16
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Figure 17-23. Seating configuration for static line personnel without combat equipment and crew
chief
17-37. Seating configurations are as follows for S/L personnel with CE and crew chief, if on board (See
Figure 17-24.):
Parachutist No. 1 will be positioned on the left side of the aircraft parallel with the trail edge of the
door.
Parachutist No. 2 will be positioned on the right side of the aircraft parallel with the trail edge of the
door.
Crew chief, if on board, will be positioned behind parachutist No. 3.
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Chapter 17
Figure 17-24. Seating configuration for static line personnel with combat equipment and crew
chief
Parachutists will load the aircraft in reverse stick order.

JM will hook the parachutists S/L snap hook to the anchor line system with the opening gate of the
S/L snap hook faced toward the skin of the aircraft (as seen from point of view when the parachutist
exits the aircraft). (See Figure 17-25.)
Figure 17-25. Static line snap hook faced toward aircraft skin
17-18
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After parachutists are seated each parachutist will take up the slack of the S/L of the parachutist in
front of them and stow them in the slack retainer. (See Figure 17-26.)
Figure 17-26. Slack retainer stowed properly
Secure safety strap across parachutist No. 1. (See Figure 17-27.)
Figure 17-27. Safety strap shown across parachutist No. 1
JUMP COMMANDS
17-38.

GET READY. This command is given at the 4-minute warning to alert the parachutists. The safety
strap is removed at 1000 feet AGL. Parachutists 1 and 2 will undo the anchor device with the safety
strap and hand it over to the JM. JM will then secure the safety strap in an aviator kit bag.
CHECK STATIC LINES. The JM checks the routing of all S/Ls from the pack trays to the point of
attachment to the S/L anchor device to ensure they are correctly routed and hooked up. He ensures
excess S/L is stowed through the slack retainer on the parachutes of Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4. Each
parachutist will insure that the parachutists S/L in front of them is not misrouted around their leg or
equipment.
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Chapter 17
SOUND OFF FOR EQUIPMENT CHECK. No. 1 indicates orally (and with a hand signal) to the
JM the status of his equipment, followed by the remaining parachutists in numerical order.
SIT IN THE DOOR. This command is given by the JM at the 30-second warning. The No. 1
parachutist assumes door positions with feet together outside the cargo compartment; Nos. 2, 3, and
4 remain in place, ensuring that their feet are clear of their S/Ls.
STAND BY. This command is given at the 8- to 10-second warning. The JM ensures that all
parachutists hear and understand this command, particularly No. 1, who commands. The No. 2
parachutist will move behind parachutist No. 1 giving enough room for the JM. No. 3 and No. 4 will
remain in place.
GO. The JM gives this command by an oral GO and a sharp tap on the rear of the parachutists
helmet. Each parachutist is tapped out. The jump sequence is in numerical order, 1 through 4. As
soon as No. 1 clears the door, No. 2 moves into the door and assumes the door position before being
tapped out. Jumpers No. 3 and 4 will follow the same as No. 2. Each parachutist will monitor the
parachutists S/L in front of them as the parachutist in front of them begins moving towards the
door.
PERSONNEL
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
17-40.
Safety precautions on the UH-72A include the actions described below.
PARACHUTISTS
JUMPMASTER
17-42. The JM ensures all parachutists remain secured by their safety belts until the command GET READY
is given. The JM prevents (or corrects) excessive static line from flopping about the aircraft. (The JM does not
jump from this aircraft.) The JM wears a safety harness.
EQUIPMENT
17-44. The snap hooks of the static lines are hooked to the anchor line system before liftoff. Door bundles
reduce the number of parachutists that can be carried, depending on the size and number of bundles.
17-45. The AT4JMP may not be jumped from aircraft that require parachutists to sit on the floor.
AIRCRAFT
SECTION IV UH-60-SERIES BLACK HAWK

17-47. The UH-60A is a twin turbine, medium speed, single main rotor helicopter. (See Figure 17-28.) Eight
combat equipped parachutists can jump from this aircraft.
17-20
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Figure 17-28. UH-60-series Black Hawk

Note. On missions requiring a window gunner, the maximum number of parachutists is reduced to
six. Static line parachute operations require a static JM.

17-48.
The JM prepares and inspects the UH-60 series by taking the actions described below.
PREPARATION
17-49.
To prepare the UH-60 series for jumping, adhere to the following procedures (See Figure 17-29.):
Figure 17-29. UH-60 series compartment prepared for jumping
Lock both cargo doors in the open position.
Note. For arctic or other cold weather operations, or during flights of long duration, the aircraft
doors may be closed and locked. Doors cannot be opened during flight. The aircraft must either land
or hover near the ground to open the doors. This procedure requires coordination between the
supporting aviation and airborne units for the jump.
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Chapter 17
Remove seat belts in the cargo compartment (except as required by aircraft crew).
Tape cargo floor troop seat and tie-down fitting wells in front of the cargo doors.
Tape sharp edges and tie-down fitting wells on the cargo floor and door jambs that could cut or fray
static lines or snag parachutists equipment.
Tape the weather stripping on cargo doors below the door catch. (See Figure 17-30.)
Tape up 18 to 24 inches from the cargo compartment.
Figure 17-30. UH-60 series door edge padded and taped

Note. Tape must not interfere with closing, locking, unlocking, or opening cargo doors in flight. If
the weather stripping below the cargo door catch is missing, pad the door edge with felt and tape in
place. Padding must not preclude closing the cargo doors.
ANCHOR LINE SYSTEM

17-50.
17-22
The following actions must be taken:

Install a floor mounted anchor line system (See Figure 17-31.) using an anchoring strap assembly
made from type XXVII nylon webbing (NSN 1670-00-999-3544). Nylon buffers are a suitable
replacement for cotton buffers and may be locally manufactured if replacement is needed.
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Figure 17-31. UH-60 series anchor line
Install four connector snaps with safety wires and eight D-rings with buffers on the anchor line,
with the snap connector snaps and D-rings facing out in the following order: one connector snap,
four D-rings; two connector snaps, four D-rings; and one connector snap. (See Figure 17-32.)
Figure 17-32. UH-60 series anchor line secured to floor
October 2013
Insert about 30 inches of the anchor line running end into the quick fit adapter to secure the loop.
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Chapter 17
Center the anchor line system on the cargo floor with the quick fit adapter to the rear and the
connector snaps facing up. Attach the connector snaps then insert the safety wires and tape the
connector snaps.
Center the quick fit adapter between the rear cargo tie-downs and tighten the anchor line by pulling
on the free running end. Secure the free running end by fold and tape excess webbing to the rear of
the anchor line between the connector snaps.
SAFETY BELT INSTALLATION

17-51.
The following actions must be taken:

Install three floor mounted safety belts.
Attach a standard safety belt to tie-down fittings 5A and 5C for the JM. (This is necessary only if a
seat has not been left for the JM.)
Note. The UH-60 series cargo compartment configuration and floor tie-down fitting pattern
preclude use of standard (individual) safety belts. Therefore, parachutists are restrained in groups of
two and three, using modified safety belts.
Attach an 86-inch long (extended) safety belt to forward tie-down fittings 1A and 1D.
Attach a 112-inch long (extended) safety belt to tie-down fittings 1A and 5A, left door.
Attach a 112-inch long (extended) safety belt to tie-down fittings 1D and 5C, right door.
Ensure that a serviceable safety harness is available for the JM (and the crew chief, when required).
17-52. The JMs safety line is attached to tie-down fitting 5B. The crew chiefs safety line is attached to tiedown fitting 1A or 1D, as required. If safety harnesses are not available, a backpack type parachute may be
used.
WARNING
Movement in the cargo compartment must be minimized to preclude
inadvertent parachute activation.
INSPECTION
17-53. Before enplaning, the JM and pilot, or pilots representative, jointly inspect the aircraft to ensure the
following:
All loose objects in the cargo compartment are removed or secured forward.
Sharp edges and tie-down fitting wells on the cargo floor and doorjambs (or anything that could cut
or fray static lines or snag the parachutists equipment) are padded and taped.
Note. Door catches and handles are not taped.
17-24
Cargo doors are locked in the open position and cleared for closing, depending on mission
requirements.
The anchor line system is complete, serviceable, and properly installed.
Three serviceable safety belts (modified) are installed on the cargo floor.
A headset/helmet and intercom jack for the JM are available and operational, and the intercom
extension cord is secured overhead. (See Figure 17-33.)
Safety harnesses and backpack type emergency parachutes are available for the JM and the crew
chief, as required.
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Figure 17-33. UH-60 series jumpmasters intercom stowed overhead

17-54. Personnel are organized into a stick of eight parachutists. They approach the aircraft from the left or
right side at a 90-degree angle in reverse order: Jumpers No. 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. (See Figure 17-34.)
Figure 17-34. UH-60 series seating and static line routing
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Chapter 17
WARNING
Do not approach the aircraft directly from the front because the
lowest arc of the turning rotor blades occurs at that point.
17-55. Jumper No. 8, followed by Nos. 7, 6, and 5, enter the left door on command from the static JM.
Jumpers Nos. 4, 3, 2, and 1 enter the right door on command from the static JM. They are seated and hooked
up by the JM in reverse numerical sequence, beginning with parachutist 8, as they enter the aircraft. The open
portion of static line snap hooks face the front of the aircraft.
17-56. Jumpers No. 4 and 8 hold their static lines with a reverse bight: No. 4 with the right hand and No. 8
with the left hand. The static lines of the remaining parachutists, seated in the left and right doors, are routed
directly behind them and down to the anchor line.
17-57. The JM ensures that any excess static line is stowed in the static line slack retainer and that Nos. 4
and 8 have correctly routed their static lines with the proper reverse bight.
Note. To preclude binding during exit, excess static lines of Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 are stowed from
the bottom to the top through the static line slack retainer on the parachutists pack tray.
17-58.
When the JM commands FASTEN SAFETY BELTS, parachutists take the following actions:
Jumpers No. 4 and 8 pass the running ends of their safety belt to the center, fasten the belt, and
remove excess slack. (See Figure 17-35.)
Jumpers No. 5 and 7 pass the running ends of their safety belt to No. 6, who fastens the belt and
removes excess slack. (See Figure 17-36.)
Jumpers No. 1 and 3 pass the running ends of their safety belt to No. 2, who fastens the belt and
removes excess slack. (See Figure 17-37.)
Static line bight and safety belt secured.
Figure 17-35. Nos. 4 and 8 with static line bight and safety belt secured
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17-59. The JM inspects all safety belts to ensure that they are securely fastened and properly fitted. He is
seated aft with his safety belt fastened for lift off and landing. (One seat should have been left in place for the
JM.)
17-60. For airdrop operations requiring the crew chief and window gunner (seat installed), the number of
combat equipped parachutists is reduced to six. The seating configuration is modifiedpositions 4 and 8 are
deleted, and positions 5, 6, and 7 are renumbered 4, 5, and 6.
Figure 17-36. Parachutists (left door) with safety belt secured
Figure 17-37. Parachutists (right door) with safety belt secured
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Chapter 17
JUMP PROCEDURES
17-61. If the cargo doors are to be closed en route to the drop zone, the JM briefs Nos. 3 and 7 on door
opening procedures before loading. At six minutes before the drop, the pilot either lands or brings the aircraft
to a hover (near the ground) and notifies the JM to open the cargo doors. The JM directs Nos. 3 and 7 to open
them. He ensures that the cargo doors are opened and locked. A 4-minute, a 30-second, and an 8- to 10-second
warning are relayed to the JM by the pilot through the intercom system.
JUMP COMMANDS
17-62.

GET READY. This command is given at the 4-minute warning to alert the parachutists. All safety
belts are removed at 1000 feet AGL.
Note. Safety belts are removed when directed by the JM. Jumpers No. 2, 6, and 8 release them. The
running ends are stowed forward and aft to clear the static lines and the exit path.
17-28
CHECK STATIC LINES. The JM checks the routing of all static lines (from pack trays to anchor
cable) to ensure they are correctly routed and hooked up. He ensures excess static line is stowed
through the slack retainer on the backpacks of Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7, and that Nos. 4 and 8 have
the prescribed reverse bight in their static lines.
making eye to eye contact the JM, the jumper gives an oral OK and a thumbs up to the JM. The
SIT IN THE DOOR. This command is given by the JM at the 30-second warning. Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6,
and 7 assume door positions (See Figure 17-38.) with feet together outside the cargo compartment.
Nos. 4 and 8 remain in place, ensuring that their feet are clear of their static lines. (This command is
omitted if the parachutists are already sitting in the door.)
STAND BY. This command is given at the 8- to 10-second warning. The JM ensures that all
parachutists hear and understand this command, particularly No. 1, who places both hands, palms
down, on the cargo floor alongside his thighs and awaits the next command. Jumpers No. 2, 3, 5, 6,
and 7 place both hands, palms down, on the cargo floor and await the next command; Nos. 4 and 8
remain in place.
GO. The JM gives this command by an oral GO and a sharp tap on the rear of the parachutists
helmet. Each parachutist is tapped out. The jump sequence is in numerical order, 1 through 8. As
soon as No. 3 clears the door, No. 4 moves into the door and assumes the door position before being
tapped out. The static JM assumes control of No. 4 jumpers static line as the parachutist begins
moving to the door. Jumpers No. 5, 6, 7, and 8 repeat the sequence in the left door.
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Figure 17-38. Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 exit positions
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
17-63.
Safety precautions on the UH-60 series are as follows:

Parachutists. AT4JPs may not be jumped from aircraft that require parachutists to sit on the floor.
(Procedures for towed parachutists are in paragraph 17-11.) Crowded conditions inside the cargo
compartment make accidental activation of the reserve parachute more likely. During movement
inside the aircraft, parachutists must protect the rip cord grip.
JM. The static JM wears a safety harness that is attached to an aft cargo tie-down. The JM is
equipped with a headset or flight helmet that allows direct communications with the aircraft crew.
The static JM immediately notifies the pilot of a towed parachutist.
Equipment. Parachutists can wear combat equipment when jumping this aircraft. Without
detaching the static lines, the JM retrieves static lines and deployment bags, places them inside an
aviator kit bag, and secures the kit bag until the aircraft has landed. The static line snap hooks are
then removed from the anchor line attaching points. The UH-60 series is not used for static line
parachute operations with the cargo doors removed. The modified anchor line cable is never rigged
to the cargo door or overhead tie-down rappelling rings, since trailing deployment bags might foul
the main rotor system (due to the high position in which the bags would trail).
Aircraft. The indicated airdrop speed of the aircraft should not be less than 65 knots or more than
75 knots (70 knots is the optimum airdrop speed). The minimum jump altitude is 1500 feet AGL.
Note. The pilot must maintain level flight and airdrop speed during deployment bag retrieval to
preclude deployment bag entanglement with the cargo doors.
SAFETY BELT MODIFICATION

17-64. The UH-60 series cargo compartment floor configuration does not provide a specific design of tiedown fittings for restraining personnel seated on the cargo floor. The safety belts used for restraining personnel
are part of the troop seat assembly and are removed when conducting parachute operations.
17-65. The three modified C-3A troop type safety belts, using the cargo floor tie-down fittings, restrain
parachutists in groups of two and three by a single safety belt. (See Figure 17-39.)
17-66. Two safety belts, 112 inches long and adjustable to 86 inches, restrain parachutists 1 through 3 and 5
through 7, who sit in the left and right cargo doors.
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Chapter 17
Figure 17-39. Modified C-3A troop safety belts

17-67. One safety belt, 86 inches long and adjustable to 60 inches, restrains Nos. 4 and 8 seated in the cargo
compartment. Belt modifications are as follows:
Place three standard C-3A troop type safety belts (NSN 1670-00-447-9504) on a flat surface with
hardware facing up.
Remove the 8-inch lengths of webbing located between the end snap hooks and the quick fit
adapters of each belt.
Cut two 32-inch and four 46-inch lengths of No. 3 nylon webbing and heat sear the ends.
Reassemble one belt using the two 32-inch lengths of webbing.
Thread the running ends of the webbing up through the bar of the snap hooks and quick fit adapters.
Make a 5-inch fold back and tack in place.
Sew a 4-inch, four-point, WW stitch formation on each fold back using No. 3 nylon thread and a
medium duty machine (TM 10-1670-298-20&P).
Reassemble the other two belts as indicated, using the 4-inch lengths of webbing.
SECTION V CH-47 CHINOOK

17-68. The CH-47 is a tandem rotor, medium transport helicopter. Twenty eight combat-equipped
parachutists can jump from this aircraft. (See Figure 17-40.) The JM may be a jumping JM or a static JM.
17-30
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Figure 17-40. CH-47 Chinook

17-69.
The JM must prepare and inspect the CH-47 as described below.
PREPARATION
17-70.
The following steps prepare the CH-47 for jumping:

Step 1. Install safety belts for each parachutist and extend all the way out to ensure positive hookup
while seated.
Step 2. Secure the permanently installed anchor line cable to the attachment points on the starboard
side of the aircraft. (See Figure 17-41.)
Step 3. Incline the ramp for personnel parachute drops during flight.
Figure 17-41. CH-47 anchor line cable attachment

Note. The best angle is three degrees below horizontal. Scribe marks may be placed on the ramp to
show this degree of incline.
INSPECTION
17-71. Before enplaning, the JM and the pilot, or pilots representative, jointly inspect the aircraft to
determine the following:
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Chapter 17
Troop seats can be easily lifted and secured before jumping.

The ramp is clean and free of oil and water.
Seats are securely fastened in the down position.
Sufficient seat belts are available.
The anchor line cable is not frayed or worn and is secured to the attachment points.
The crew chiefs headphones are available and function properly.
SEATING CONFIGURATION
17-72. The odd numbered jumpers are seated on the starboard side, and the even numbered jumpers are
seated on the port side. (See Figure 17-42.)
Figure 17-42. CH-47 seating configuration
JUMP PROCEDURES
17-73. The 6-minute and 1-minute warnings are given by the pilot to the crew chief, who then relays them
orally and by hand signals to the JM. If the JM jumps, he is No. 1; this requires a nonjumping safety to control
the flow of parachutists.
JUMP COMMANDS
17-74.

GET READY. This command is given at the 6-minute warning to alert parachutists.
PORT SIDE PERSONNEL, STAND UP. Parachutists seated on the port side of the aircraft stand
up and secure their seats in the up position.
STARBOARD SIDE PERSONNEL, STAND UP. Parachutists seated on the starboard side of the
aircraft stand up and secure their seats in the up position.
HOOK UP. On this command, odd numbered personnel hook up, followed by the even numbered
personnel, who hook up (the open portion of the snap hook facing starboard) between the odd
numbered personnel to form one continuous stick of 28 parachutists.
Note. After hooking up, each parachutist controls the static line in a reverse bight at waist level (left
hand).
17-32
CHECK STATIC LINES. The JM or safety checks the routing of all static lines.
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SOUND OFF FOR EQUIPMENT CHECK. Beginning with No. 28, the jumpers pass the status of
their equipment toward the aft end of the aircraft. The No. 1 jumper orally (and with a hand signal)
indicates to the JM the status of his and all other jumpers equipment by stating, ALL OK,
JUMPMASTER.
STAND BY. The command is given eight to 10 seconds before the command GO. Jumpers No. 1
assumes a standing position at the ramp hinge (near center) of the aircraft. The remaining personnel
close up interval behind the first parachutist.
GO. Jumper No. 1 walks off the port side rear corner of the ramp. The remaining parachutists
follow at one-second intervals.
Note. The JM or safety controls the flow from his position on the port side near the ramp hinge.
Less than a one-second interval between parachutists may result in entanglement of parachutists and
static lines.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
17-75.
Safety precautions on the CH-47 includes the actions described below.
PARACHUTISTS
17-76. Parachutists ensure that seats are secured in the up position with seat legs rotated inside the seats.
When following internal drop loads, parachutists exit between the ramp roller conveyor sections, staying as
close to the port side section as possible. The parachutists jumping after external load drops, who are forward
of the open floor hatch (used to check a load drop), remain clear of the opening until the load leaves the
aircraft and the hatch is closed by the crew chief.
JUMPMASTER
17-77. The JM or safety personnel ensure that parachutists are hooked up consecutively, 1 through 28. (See
Figure 17-43.) If the JM does not jump, he wears a safety harness or back emergency parachute. He checks
each parachutist after they hook up and controls the flow of parachutists. When an external load is delivered,
the JM ensures the external load is clear and the aircraft has accelerated to a safe airdrop speed before
dropping cargo bundles from inside the aircraft or before permitting parachutists to exit.
SAFETY PERSONNEL
17-78.
If the JM jumps, one nonjumping safety is required; the safety wears an emergency parachute.
EQUIPMENT
17-79. When cargo bundles are delivered, JMs use 15-foot breakaway static lines with cargo parachutes. The
ramp roller conveyor section is installed on the starboard side of the ramp and is used to help eject the bundles
from the cargo ramp; Nos. 1 and 2 push the bundles out.
AIRCRAFT
17-80. Aircraft safety requires that the speed during jumps is not less than 80 knots or more than 110 knots,
with 90 knots being optimum speed. No special preparation is required if the aircraft has skis. Minimum jump
altitude is 1500 feet AGL when jumping below 90 knots. Minimum jump altitude 90 knots and above is 1250
feet AGL. After the last parachutist has cleared the aircraft, the static lines are retrieved (using the static line
retriever) inside the aircraft and secured in an aviator kit bag. The ramp must not be lowered until all jumpers
have hooked up to the anchor line cable.
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Chapter 17
Figure 17-43. CH-47 static line routing
17-34
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Chapter 18
Other Service Aircraft

Other service rotary-wing aircraft can be used for parachuting operations. In addition to
the procedures described here, Chapter 17, Section I, Safety, also applies.
SECTION I CH-53 SEA STALLION

18-1.
The CH-53 Sea Stallion is a twin engine, single rotor, medium transport helicopter used by the U.S.
Marine Corps. Twenty combat equipped parachutists, using the ramp, can jump from this aircraft. (See Figure
18-1.)
Figure 18-1. CH-53 Sea Stallion

18-2.
The JM prepares and inspects the CH-53 by taking the following actions described below.
PREPARATION
18-3.
The following procedures prepare the CH-53 for jumping:

Install the anchor line cable on the port side of the floor (See Figure 18-2.) using the appropriate
5000 pound tie-down fittings for the length of cable used (forward attachment point) and station No.
522 (rear attachment point).
Use one 1/4-inch or 3/8-inch steel cable (3/8 inch preferred), of an acceptable length, with four 1/4inch or 3/8-inch cable clamps, lock washers, nuts, and bolts. The minimum installed length of the
anchor line cable will be 8 feet between forward and rear attaching points (four to five jumpers).
Ensure the installed anchor line cable is long enough so that a jumpers static line extends from the
jumper to the anchor line cable without touching other jumpers in front of him in the stick.
Route the anchor line cable directly through the forward and rear attaching point deck rings or use a
carabiner, steel, locking, 10,000 pound minimum breaking strength (NSN 8465-01-276-8198)
between the anchor line cable and the aircraft attaching points. Ensure the locking gates on the snap
links are facing up, locking to the aft of the aircraft, and taped. Ensure all tape is removed from the
anchor line cable components, the entire anchor line cable must be inspected and that the clamps are
tight prior to every operation.
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Chapter 18
CAUTION
Do not use a clevis assembly (G-13) to attach the anchor line cable to the
aircraft. If the cable is loose, the clevis may rotate sideways and
drastically reduce the strength of the anchor line cable.
Place a 4- by 4- by 6-inch wooden block between the anchor line cable and floor and attach a clevis
assembly (G-13) to the tie-down ring at station No. 502 for use as a static line snap hook stop.
Remove excess slack from the anchor line.
Turn over and secure the conveyor rollers on the ramp in the down position with the smooth surface
up or remove.
Ensure drive-on aids are removed.
Ensure the tail skid is in the up position before the jumpers exit the aircraft.
INSPECTION
18-4.
Before enplaning, the JM and pilot, or pilots representative, jointly inspect the aircraft to determine
the following:
Safety belts are installed for all parachutists and extended all the way out to ensure positive hookup
while seated.
Seats are fastened securely in the down position.
Seats are lifted and secured before jumping.
The anchor line cable is not worn or frayed and is secured to the attachment points in the prescribed
manner.
The ramp and deck are clean and free of oil and water.
All protruding objects near the ramp are removed or taped.
Figure 18-2. CH-53 anchor line installation
18-2
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18-5.
Parachutists enter the aircraft over the ramp with the static line over the right shoulder. Oddnumbered parachutists are seated on the port side, and even-numbered parachutists are seated on the starboard
side. (See Figure 18-3.)
Figure 18-3. CH-53 seating configuration
JUMP COMMANDS AND PROCEDURES

18-6.
Jump commands and procedures for the CH-53 include the actions described below.
TIME WARNINGS
18-7.
The 6-minute and 1-minute warnings are given by the pilot to the crew chief, who in turn relays them
orally and by hand signals to the PJM.
JUMP COMMANDS
18-8.
The PJM gives the following commands:

GET READY. All parachutists remove seat belts.
STAND UP. All parachutists stand up and secure their seats in the up position.
HOOK UP. With assistance of AJM, the jumper connects the USLM snap hook to anchor line cable
and takes a reverse bite.
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Chapter 18
WARNING
The JM must ensure the jumper has a 5-foot universal static line
extension attached to the USLM. Failure to use a universal static line
extension may cause personal injury from deployment bag strikes.
WARNING
The JM must ensure the jumper has a proper reverse bight. If an
improper reverse bight is taken, the static line could become
misrouted under the arm and cause a towed jumper or severe injury.
CHECK STATIC LINES. All parachutists check the routing of the static line of the parachutist to
their front to ensure that it is not misrouted. Jumpers No. 19 and 20 turn so that the static line of the
last parachutist can be checked by No. 19.
STAND BY. The No. 1 jumper assumes a standing position at the ramp hinge. The remaining
personnel close up intervals behind the first parachutist.
GO. The No. 1 jumper walks off the center of the ramp. The remaining parachutists follow at onesecond intervals.
RECOVERY OF STATIC LINES

18-9.
Upon exit of all parachutists, the crew chief or static JM recovers all static lines.
WARNING
Parachutists walk off the ramp, which is lowered a minimum of 11
degrees below centerline gauge. Jumpers do not make a vigorous
exit. Less than a one-second interval between parachutists may
result in entanglement of parachutists and static lines.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
18-10. The static JM or safety personnel ensure that parachutists are hooked up consecutively (1 through 20),
and that all seats are secured out of the way of the jumpers. The speed of the aircraft during jumps is 90 to 110
knots. The minimum drop altitude for aircraft with a 90 to 110 knot drop speed is 1250 feet AGL. Either the
JM or AJM must remain with the aircraft to handle the deployment bags and towed jumpers. The JM spots the
aircraft using WSVC, VIRS, GMRS, or JSJR. The JM may spot from the crew chief door or the ramp as long
as a safety is controlling the jumpers. If spotting from the ramp and jumping, the JM leads the stick and the
AJM stays with the aircraft.
SECTION II CH-46 SEA KNIGHT

18-11. The CH-46 Sea Knight is a tandem rotor, medium transport helicopter used by the U.S. Marine Corps.
Twelve combat equipped parachutists can jump from either the personnel door or the ramp. (See Figure 18-4.)
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Figure 18-4. CH-46 Sea Knight

18-12.
The JM prepares and inspects the CH-46 by taking the actions described below.
PREPARATION FOR RAMP JUMP

18-13.
The following actions prepare the CH-46 for ramp jumping:

Install the anchor line cable on the port side of the floor using the appropriate 3000 pound tie-down
fittings for the length of the cable used (forward attachment point) and station No. 410 (rear
attachment point). (See Figure 18-5.)
Use one 1/4-inch or 3/8-inch steel cable (3/8 inch preferred) of an acceptable length with 1/4-inch or
3/8-inch cable clamps and nuts. The minimum installed length of the anchor line cable will be 8 feet
between forward and rear attaching points (four to five jumpers). Ensure the installed anchor line
cable is long enough so that the jumpers static line goes from the jumper to the anchor line cable
without touching other jumpers in front of him in the stick.
carbiner, steel, locking, 10,000-pound minimum breaking strength, between the anchor line cable
and the aircraft attaching points. Ensure the locking gates on the snap links are facing up, locking to
the aft of the aircraft, and taped. Ensure all tape is removed from the anchor line cable components,
the entire anchor line cable is inspected, and that the clamps are tight prior to every operation.
CAUTION
Do not use clevis assembly G-13 to attach the anchor line cable to the
aircraft. If the cable is loose, this clevis can rotate sideways, drastically
reducing the strength of the anchor line cable.
Place two 4 by 4 by 6 inch wooden blocks between the anchor line cable and floor and attach one
clevis assembly (G-13) to the tie-down ring at station No. 390 for use as a static line snap hook stop.
Turn the conveyor rollers on the ramp over and secure them in the down position with the smooth
surface up or remove.
Ensure drive on aids are removed.
PREPARATION FOR DOOR JUMP

18-14.
The following actions prepare the CH-46 for door jumping:

The anchor line cable is installed on the floor of the aircraft on the starboard side (See Figure 18-5.)
using the tie-down fittings at station No. 170 (forward attachment point) and using the appropriate
3000 pound tie-down fittings for the length of cable used (rear attachment point).
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Chapter 18
Install one 1/4-inch or 3/8-inch steel cable (3/8 inch preferred), of an acceptable length, with four
clamps, lock washers, and bolts that fit the cable. The minimum installed length of the anchor line
cable will be eight feet between forward and rear attaching points (four to five jumpers). Ensure the
installed anchor line cable is long enough so that the jumpers static line goes from the jumper to the
anchor line cable without touching other jumpers in front of him in the stick.
carbiner, steel, locking, 10,000-pound minimum breaking strength, with locking gate between the
anchor line cable and the aircraft attaching points. Ensure the locking gates on the snap links are
facing up, locking to the aft of the aircraft, and taped. Ensure all tape is removed from the anchor
line cable components, the entire anchor line cable must be inspected and that the clamps are tight
prior to every operation.
CAUTION
Do not use clevis assembly G-13 to attach the anchor line cable to the
aircraft. If the cable is loose, this clevis can rotate sideways, drastically
reducing the strength of the anchor line cable.
Place two 4- by 4- by 6-inch wooden blocks between the anchor line cable and floor and attach a
clevis assembly (G-13) to the tie-down ring at station No. 190 for use as a static line snap hook stop.
Turn the conveyor rollers on ramp over and secure them in the down position with the smooth
surface up or remove.
Ensure drive on aids are removed.
Remove the personnel door and install a plywood cover over the aft side of the door frame and
secure it with a metal plate. Pad and tape the bottom and aft edges of the door frame. (See Figure
18-6.)
INSPECTION
18-15.
18-6
The following inspection is required for door jumps:

Before enplaning, the JM and pilot, or pilots representative, jointly inspect the aircraft to determine
the following:
Seat belts are installed for all parachutists and extended all the way out to ensure positive hookup
while seated.
Seats are fastened securely in the down position.
Seats can be lifted and secured before jumping.
The anchor line cable is not worn or frayed and is secured to the attachment points in the prescribed
manner.
The wooden cover is installed and secured to the aft edge of the door frame when jumping the
personnel door.
The bottom edges of the door frame are properly padded and taped.
The ramp and deck are clean and free of oil or water.
All protruding objects near the ramp and personnel door are removed or taped.
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Figure 18-5. CH-46 anchor line cable installation
Figure 18-6. CH-46 door frame preparation
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Chapter 18

18-16. There are two ways a parachutist can jump from the aircraft: the ramp or the door. The parachutists
enter the aircraft with the static line over the right shoulder; they are seated on the port and starboard side.

18-17. The 6-minute and 1-minute warnings, whether jumping the door or ramp, are given by the pilot to the
crew chief, who in turn relays them orally and by hand signals to the static JM or AJM.
JUMP COMMANDS FOR DOOR JUMP

18-18.
The following jump commands must be issued:

GET READY. All parachutists in the first stick unfasten their seat belts.
STAND UP. Parachutists stand up and move to the starboard side. (See Figure 18-7.)
HOOK UP. With the assistance of the AJM, the jumper connects the USLM snap hook to anchor
line cable and take a reverse bight.
WARNING
The JM must ensure the jumper has a 5-foot universal static line
extension attached to the USLM. Failure to use universal static line
extension may cause personal injury from deployment bag strikes.
WARNING
The JM must ensure the jumper has a proper reverse bight. If an
CHECK STATIC LINES. The parachutists take a reverse bight (at waist level) of about 8 inches in
the static line with the right hand, keep the arm close to the side, and check the static line of the
parachutist to the front.
STAND IN THE DOOR. The No. 1 parachutist moves to the door and assumes the door position.
He must crouch low to allow at least a 2-inch clearance between his helmet and the top of the door.
The other parachutists close the distance behind No. 1 at normal intervals.
GO. The No. 1 parachutist exits by jumping straight out the door and assuming the proper body
position. The succeeding parachutists move up, make a 90-degree turn at the door, take up a correct
door position and exit in the same manner as No. 1, maintaining a one-second interval. Upon exit of
all parachutists, the crew chief or static JM recovers all static lines.
WARNING
Parachutists must not spring upward when jumping from this
helicopter.
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Figure 18-7. CH-46 door jump
JUMP COMMANDS FOR RAMP JUMP

18-19.
The following jump commands must be issued:

GET READY. All parachutists in the first stick unfasten their seat belts.
STAND UP. Parachutists stand up and move to the port side. (See Figure 18-8.)
HOOK UP. With the assistance of the AJM, the jumper connects the USLM snap hook to anchor
line cable and take a reverse bite.
CHECK STATIC LINES. The parachutists take a reverse bight at waist level of about 8 inches in
the static line with the right hand, keep the arm close to the side, and check the static line of the
parachutist to the front.
STAND BY. The No. 1 parachutist assumes a standing position at the ramp hinge. The remaining
parachutists close up the interval.
GO. The No. 1 walks off the starboard rear of the ramp and assumes a normal body position. The
remaining parachutists follow and exit in the same manner as No. 1, maintaining a one-second
interval between parachutists. Upon exit of all parachutists, the crew chief or static JM recovers all
static lines.
WARNING
Parachutists walk off the ramp (which is lowered to 11 degrees
below centerline gauge) in a crouched position to avoid hitting their
heads on the upper ramp door. They do not make a vigorous exit.
Less than a one-second interval between parachutists may result in
entanglement of parachutists and static lines. Upon exit of all
parachutists, the crew chief or static JM recovers all static lines.
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Chapter 18
Figure 18-8. CH-46 ramp jump
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
18-20. The static JM or AJM ensures that parachutists are hooked up consecutively (1 through 12). The JM
ensures that seats along the starboard side are secured in the up position when parachutists are jumping from
the personnel door, or that seats along the port side are secured in the up position when they are jumping from
the ramp. The speed of the aircraft is 80 to 90 knots when jumping. The minimum drop altitude is 1250 feet
AGL when jumping at 90 knots and 1500 feet AGL when jumping below 90 knots. Either the JM or AJM must
remain with the aircraft to handle the deployment bags and towed jumpers. The JM spots the aircraft using
WSVC, VIRS, GMRS, or JSJR. The JM may spot from the crew chief door or the ramp as long as a safety is
controlling the jumpers. If spotting from the ramp and jumping, the JM leads the stick and the AJM stays with
the aircraft.
SECTION III CH/HH-3 JOLLY GREEN GIANT

18-21. The CH/HH-3 is a twin engine, single rotor, medium transport helicopter used by the U.S. Air Force.
Fifteen combat equipped parachutists can jump from this aircraft. (See Figure 18-9.)
Figure 18-9. CH/HH-3 Jolly Green Giant

18-22.
18-10
The crew chief prepares and inspects the CH/HH-3 by taking the actions described below.
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PREPARATION
18-23.
The following actions prepare the CH/HH-3 for jumping:

Install the oval shaped anchor line cable on the starboard side of the aircrafts floor using the tiedown fittings at station No. 193.5 (right of center) as the port side forward attachment point, station
No. 212.5 as the starboard side forward attachment, station No. 256.5 as an intermediate starboard
side attachment point, and station No. 276.5 as the starboard side rear and port side rear attachment
points. (See Figure 18-10.)
The anchor line cable is constructed of 1/4-inch diameter, 6400-pound test steel cable. Thread the
anchor line cable through four static line snap hooks, where the static line is normally attached.
These static line snap hooks connect the anchor line cable to the tie-down fittings. Complete the
oval by overlapping both ends of the steel cable, then by securing the overlap with four cable
clamps spaced intermittently between the swaged cable ends.
Manufactured cables have the date of initial manufacture and weight testing capacity (2500 pounds)
permanently marked on the starboard side forward static line snap hook. Inspect cables each time
the anchor line cable is installed for jumping. Remove from service cables showing excessive wear,
corrosion, or more than three broken strands per inch. Weight test cables to a 2500 pound capacity
within each 12 month calendar period. (For example, cables weight tested on 1 January will be due
weight testing by 31 January the following year.) Document annual weight testing on a DD Form
1574 (Serviceable Tag Materiel), which is attached to the cable.
Figure 18-10. CH/HH-3 anchor line cable
INSPECTION
18-24. Before enplaning, the JM and pilot, or pilots representative, jointly inspect the aircraft to determine
the following:
The main cabin door is secured to the rear and taped, including the door handle and latch.
Any external cargo slings are removed before conducting jump operations.
All protruding objects near the doors are removed or taped. The penetrator is removed before
conducting jump operations.
Safety belts are installed for all parachutists and are extended completely to ensure positive hookup
while seated.
Seats are fastened securely in the down position with backs loose (except the four seats raised for
anchor line cable installation).
The anchor line cable is tight and free of frays.
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Chapter 18
The deck is clean and free of oil and water.

The flight engineers headphones and the JM intercom cord are available and function properly.

18-25. Parachutists enter the aircraft through the starboard side cabin door with their static line over their
right shoulder. They enter the aircraft in reverse stick order with Nos. 1 through 8 seated on the port side and
Nos. 9 through 15 seated on the starboard side.

18-26.
Jump commands and procedures on the CH/HH-3 are described below.
TIME WARNINGS
18-27. The 6-minute and 1-minute warnings are given by the pilot to the flight engineer, who in turn relays
them orally and by hand signals to the JM. Due to the limited space available to hook up, only four
parachutists are airdropped each pass.
JUMP COMMANDS
18-28.
The commands on the CH/HH-3 are as follows:

GET READY. The first four parachutists remove seat belts.
STAND UP. Parachutists stand up and move to the anchor line cable.
HOOK UP. Parachutists connect their static line snap hook to the anchor line cable with the opening
toward the skin of the aircraft.
CHECK STATIC LINES. Each parachutist takes a reverse bight in the static line, ensuring the static
line remains over his bent elbow.
CHECK EQUIPMENT. All parachutists check their equipment. Parachutists jumping equipment
must be at the front of their stick.
STAND IN THE DOOR. The first parachutist moves to the main cabin door, stopping about 1 foot
from the door, and awaits the JMs commands.
STAND BY. The first parachutist moves to the main cabin door and awaits the JMs commands.
GO. The No. 1 walks off the starboard rear corner of the ramp. The remaining parachutists follow at
one-second intervals.
Note. Commands are repeated for the next group of four parachutists and are repeated until the
aircraft is empty.
WARNING
Parachutists walk out the door 90 degrees to the aircraft in a
crouched position to avoid hitting their heads on the upper door
frame. They do not make a vigorous exit.
EXITS
18-29. Parachutists step out the same as exiting the tailgate of a fixed-wing aircraft, maintaining about a onesecond interval between parachutists. Less than a one-second interval may result in entanglement of
parachutists and static lines. Upon exit of all parachutists of each pass, the JM or flight engineer recovers all
deployment bags and static lines.
18-12
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
18-30. Approaching or loading the aircraft is performed only after visual clearance by the pilot or flight
engineer. Before clearing any parachutists to jump, the JM confirms that the main gear is in the up position.
The speed of the aircraft during all jump operations is between 70 knots and 90 knots indicated air speed.
SECTION IV V-22 OSPREY AIRCRAFT

18-31. The V-22 Osprey (See Figure 18-8.) is a tilt-rotor aircraft that consists of a twin-engine, twin-prop
rotor, high-wing, and twin-tail design with retractable landing gear. The airframe and prop rotor systems are
primarily constructed of lightweight composite materials. The fuselage is designed to operationally seat two
pilots, two crewmembers, and 24 nonairborne troops. The three-bladed prop rotors are mounted on gimbaled
hubs on the ends of the wing. The counter-rotating prop rotors are 38 feet in diameter and powered by two
Rolls-Royce ae-11007c turbo-shaft engines. The tilt-rotor design combines the vertical flight capabilities of a
helicopter with the speed and range of a turboprop airplane to allow aerial refueling and world-wide selfdeployment.
18-32. This section outlines the procedures regarding the conduct of airborne operations by USASOC and
Marine Corps units from the V-22 Osprey. The primary exit point for jump personnel and cargo is the rear
cargo loading ramp. Only over-the-ramp procedures are authorized for static line personnel parachute
operations and military free fall (MFF) operations.
Figure 18-11. V-22 Osprey

18-33. The V-22 aircraft can fly in three modes: helicopter, conversion, and airplane modes. (See Figure 189.) Transition from helicopter to airplane mode takes about 12 seconds.
Figure 18-12. Flight modes of V-22 Osprey aircraft (helicopter mode)
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Chapter 18
Figure 18-13. Flight modes of V-22 Osprey aircraft (conversion mode)
Figure 18-14. Flight modes of V-22 Osprey aircraft (aircraft mode)
AIRCRAFT RESTRICTIONS
18-34. For static line operations the V-22 is limited to airplane mode only with a maximum drop speed of
125 knots (+/- 5 knots) with a minimum drop altitude of 1000 feet AGL. Total capacity of MV-22 for combatequipped jumpers is eight. Total capacity of the MV-22 for noncombat-equipped jumpers is 16. Static line
operations are limited to a maximum of eight jumpers per pass. All jump operations are over-the ramp
operations, which is the only egress point available to the jumper. A staggered offset file exit formation is used
for static line operations with combat equipment.
MOVEMENT IN THE AIRCRAFT

18-35. The pilot is briefed to expect rapid shifts in the aircrafts center of gravity during stand up, hook up,
and exit of jumpers.
RESERVE PARACHUTE
18-36. Crowded conditions inside the cargo compartment could allow for the accidental activation of a
reserve parachute, creating an extremely hazardous situation. During movement within the aircraft, the rip cord
grip of the reserve parachute is protected by placing the right hand and forearm over the front of the reserve.
This method allows the jumper to control the pilot chute and canopy in case of accidental activation.
SPACE LIMITATIONS
18-37.
18-14
The space limitations for the V-22 Osprey Aircraft are described below.
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JUMPERS
18-38.
The total number of jumpers are as follows and must not exceed published weight limitations:
Noncombat-equipped jumpers 16.
Combat-equipped jumpers 8.
CARGO
18-39. Multiple Container Delivery Systems maximum gross weight is 4,950 pounds. Individual CDS
maximum rigged weight will not exceed 2328 pounds gross rigged weight. Container footprint is limited to
double A-22 or smaller. A single A-22 sized container height is limited to 60 inches as measured from bottom
of the platform to the highest point on the load, including the parachutes. Double A-22 sized container height
is limited to 50 inches as measured from the bottom of the platform to the highest point on the load including
the parachutes. Ensure ramp is level and upper ramp door is completely open to maintain adequate clearance
between the load and aircraft when load exits.
COMBINATION OF PERSONNEL AND CARGO

18-40. When the MV-22 Cargo Release System (CRS) releases the cargo load, the CRS falls to the deck of
the aircraft, presenting a tripping hazard to follow on jumpers as they move towards the ramp to exit the
aircraft. When conducting combination personnel and cargo airdrops in which the personnel follow the cargo
out of the aircraft, unit commanders are required to implement controls designed specifically to mitigate the
risks associated with this hazard.

18-41. Static lines and deployment bags are manually retrieved by the crew chief with assistance from the
JM immediately after the last jumper is clear. The static lines and deployment bags are secured as soon as they
are retrieved inside the aircraft. If the ramp is up, the static lines can be removed from the anchor cable;
otherwise, the static lines are not detached until the aircraft is on the ground.
CROWDED CONDITIONS
18-42. Crowded conditions inside the aircraft dictate that caution be used to prevent entanglement or
misrouting of static lines during the jumpers exit. Each jumper is cautioned to watch the static line of the
preceding jumper and to observe all the static lines trailing from the upper corner of the ramp opening. This
precaution ensures that succeeding jumpers do not jump until the parachute of the preceding jumper has
deployed, and that the deployment bag has trailed to the rear of the aircraft.

18-43. In the event of a towed jumper, the JM will prevent any other jumpers from exiting and will notify the
pilot. The jumper stays in a tight body position and protects the rip cord grip. The JM will ensure the jumper is
securely attached to the aircraft and will not break free during descent. If the jumper is not securely attached,
the JM will attempt to shake or cut him free. If the jumper cannot be safely freed from the aircraft, the aircraft
will convert to helicopter mode and slowly descend to the DZ. A jumper can safely be lowered and landed on
the ground while suspended from the MV-22. In the event the jumper cannot be lowered to the ground, once
the hung jumper is at 10 feet or below above the ground, the JM will cut the jumper free.
STATIC LINE OPERATIONS

18-44. The V-22 is a tilt-rotor aircraft capable of three modes of flight: airplane mode, conversion mode, and
helicopter mode. Airplane mode will be used for all static line operations. (Airplane and conversion modes can
only be used for military free-fall operations.) The aircraft speed is 125 +/- 5 knots for static line operations.
The JM will control the ramp level, but it is recommended to be placed at the seventh light setting, which is
controlled by the aircrew. The four-second count will be utilized by jumpers when conducting the first point of
performance.
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Chapter 18
18-45. Per the V-22 NATOPS, floor loading jumpers is the only method currently authorized by
Commander, Naval Air Systems Command. Jumpers are seated on the floor facing the rear of the aircraft at a
45-degree angle with the jumpers split between the port and starboard sides of the aircraft. The jumpers are
restrained by individual safety belts routed around each jumper.
Figure 18-15. Seating configuration (noncombat-equipped jumpers)

18-46. The JM can be either a static JM or a jumping JM. If the JM is static, the JM will have
communications with the pilot at all times. If the JM is jumping, the safety is required to have communications
with the pilot at all times. The safety will then relay all time warnings to the JM in addition to typical safety
functions. All standard time warnings are observed. There are no jump lights located anywhere on this aircraft.
All commands are the responsibility of the JM. The V-22 has unique connections for onboard
communications. The JM or safety will have to wear one of the V-22 helmets or have a modified GENTEX
connection.
JUMP COMMANDS AND PROCEDURES FOR THE V-22

18-47.
18-16
Jump commands and procedures for the V-22 are as follows:

GET READY. Jumpers respond in the same manner as for other fixed-wing aircraft. In addition,
seat belts are removed, reconnected, and stowed.
PORT SIDE PERSONNEL, STAND UP. The odd-numbered jumpers seated on the port (left) side
of the aircraft stand up. Jumper No. 1 on the port side will be assisted to his feet by the AJ/safety;
jumper No. 1 in turn assists the No.3 jumper port side and so on.
STARBOARD SIDE PERSONNEL, STAND UP. The even-numbered jumpers seated on the right
side of the aircraft stand up. Jumpers use the same method for assisting a jumper to his feet as
conducted for port side.
HOOK UP. The open portion of the static line snap hook is oriented towards the skin of the aircraft,
regardless of which cable is used. All jumpers hook up to the same anchor line cable regardless of
which cable is used and regardless of the seating arrangement. The elbow of the arm holding the
static line is kept close to the body. The static line is controlled by each jumper in a reverse bight at
waist level in the outboard hand. The odd-numbered jumpers hook up first, then the even-numbered
jumpers hook up between the odd-numbered jumpers to form a staggered stick of jumpers.
CHECK STATIC LINES. Each jumper checks his own static line from the anchor line cable
through his reverse bight and traces the static line until it disappears behind his back. The jumper
will then inspect the static line of the jumper in front of him from the shoulder to the pack-closing
tie.
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CHECK EQUIPMENT. At a minimum, each jumper checks his ballistic helmet, lowering line,
chest strap, ejector snap, both leg strap ejector snaps, and reserve parachute. If the jumper is
jumping any special items of equipment, he will inspect those items as well.
SOUND OFF FOR EQUIPMENT CHECK. Jumpers respond in the same manner as with other
fixed-wing aircraft.
WARNING
To ensure safety of jumpers, the aircraft ramp will remain closed
until all jumpers have sounded off for equipment check.
STAND BY. The static JM or safety gives this command and moves the No. 1 jumper to the
centerline of the ramp.
GO or FOLLOW ME. Personnel exit the aircraft at one-second intervals walking off the centerline
of the ramp. Jumpers will not execute an up and out exit off the ramp. If the jumper executes an
up and out exit, the jumpers head will strike the top of the clamshell door creating a safety hazard.
Instead, jumpers will walk off the ramp without jumping up. Jumpers will bring their feet and knees
together and place their chin on their chest to form a tight body position upon exit from the aircraft.
Note. In accordance with a memorandum from the Deputy Commandant Plans, Policies and
Operations, Headquarters, United States Marine Corps, 3510, POG-26, dated 28 Aug 07, U.S.
Marine Corps and United States Navy personnel are authorized by G3, USAIC to conduct static line
personnel parachute operations from the V-22 Osprey over-the-ramp parachute operations if
required by their mission. These units train for over-the-ramp parachute operations as a normal
method of employment.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
18-48.
Safety precautions for the V-22 are described below.
JUMPERS
18-49.
Jumpers must
Hook up using a reverse bight, with the elbow of the arm holding the static line kept close to the
body.
Use caution when exiting the aircraft in relation to the aircrafts upper ramp door, which could pose
a hazard to taller jumpers upon exit.
Use hearing protection during V-22 operations. It is mandatory.
SAFETY PERSONNEL DUTIES

18-50. The safety must ensure the aircraft floor and ramp area is suitable for jumpers. Prior to takeoff, the
safety ensures all jumpers are secured and prepared for takeoff. If the JM is a jumping JM, the safety moves to
the aft end of the aircraft and physically controls the JMs static line. If the JM is a jumping JM, the assistant
JM/safety maintains communications with the pilots through the intercom system located in the aft of the
aircraft, and relays all information to the JM.
WARNING
The JM must ensure the jumper has a proper reverse bight. if an
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Chapter 18
JUMPMASTER DUTIES
18-51. If jumping, the JM must exit first. When the JM gives the command, STAND BY, he moves to the
centerline of the ramp and assumes a proper exit position. On the command GO, the JM looks at the No. 2
jumper and gives the command, FOLLOW ME, and then he exits the aircraft. Once the JM exits, the safety
controls the flow of the exit.
18-52. For jumpmaster directed release (JMDR), the JM may spot from either the ramp, or from the front of
the aircraft by positioning himself between the pilots and looking through the windshield. The crew chiefs
window cannot be used for spotting during static line parachute operations. Both of these techniques present
both challenges and advantages in their use; it will be at the JMs discretion as to which technique he uses.
New JMs or those unfamiliar with the V-22 should be given a thorough briefing and in-flight training (if
practical) by an experienced JM knowledgeable in V-22 operations prior to being assigned as the primary JM
on any V-22 parachute operations.
RAMP
18-53. The V-22 supports over-the-ramp operations only. The V-22 interior is manufactured with a nonskid
coating which provides nonslip footing. The vehicle ramp extensions will be removed.
LOADMASTER BRIEFING
18-54. As soon as all jumpers are seated, the crew chief briefs them on aircraft safety, emergency
procedures, and comfort facilities.
TIME WARNINGS
18-55.

TWENTY-MINUTE TIME WARNING. JMs check personnel and equipment. If combat equipment
is not already attached to the jumper it will be attached to the jumper at this time. Final onboard
JMPIs are initiated. HSPR and leg straps are secured, and door bundles are given a final inspection.
Ramp remains closed.
TEN-MINUTE TIME WARNING. Final onboard JMPI of all parachutists is complete. A verbal
and visual 10-minute warning is given to the JMs by the crew chief, and the PJM begin jump
commands. Ramp remains closed.
SIX-MINUTE TIME WARNING. All JMPIs are to be completed by this time warning. Jump
commands through Sound off for Equipment Check are completed with the ramp closed. Door
bundles are moved to the hinge of the ramp. The ramp is then opened in order to allow the PJM to
perform air safety checks and verify approach into the intended drop zone.
SLOWDOWN WARNING. About three minutes from drop time, jumpers are moved to the hinge of
the ramp. The AJM/safety will make final inspection of the routing and grip of the static lines by the
jumpers.
ONE-MINUTE TIME WARNING. The crew chief gives the JMs a visual 1-minute warning. PJM
alerts the jumpers and performs safety checks from ramp.
THIRTY-SECOND TIME WARNING. The crew chief gives the JMs a visual 30-second warning.
PJM gives the command STAND ON THE RAMP. Door Bundle(s) and the No. 1 jumper assume
the proper exit position, center of the ramp. The remainder of the stick shuffles aft to close up the
stick. AJM/safety maintain control of the stick and verify the proper routing and grip of the static
line by the jumpers.
GO. On the command GO, the PJM taps out the first man. After all personnel have cleared the
aircraft the PJM signals CLEAR TO THE REAR of the aircraft and assists the crew chief with the
recovery of the static lines. If the JMs are jumping the command will be FOLLOW ME from the
PJM with the AJM as the last jumper in the stick. The onboard safety will perform and announce
CLEAR TO THE REAR and assist the crew chief with the recovery of the static lines.
JUMPMASTER AIRCRAFT INSPECTION

18-56. With the following exceptions, the same procedures for inspecting the C-130 for parachute operations
will be used for inspection of the V-22.
18-18
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SEATS AND FLOOR

18-57.
The following must be considered:

Are there adequate seat belts available?
Are seat belts and floor loading hardware serviceable (to include aircraft attachment points)?
Are seats fastened securely in the up position?
ANCHOR LINE CABLE

18-58. The V-22 crew chief will install the anchor line cable in accordance with the V-22 Interactive
Electronic Technical Manual (IETM). The JM or safety must inspect both anchor lines for serviceability. The
JM or safety will inspect for the following:
The anchor line cable is not worn or frayed and is secured to the attachment points per the V-22
IETM.
Two U-bolts (cable clamps) located at fuselage section 589 with the threaded ends facing the skin of
the aircraft.
The static line should have no more than 3 to 5 inches of overall play when properly rigged.
The aft attaching point will be safety wired.
The forward attaching point will be secured with a cotter pin.
After inspection, the anchor line stops (s) will be padded and taped. This aircraft will be restricted to
the use of only one anchor line cable with a load of only eight jumpers (with or without combat
equipment) per pass.
RAMP
18-59.
Pre-flight inspection must address the following questions:

Are there any sharp protrusions or edges on the ramp area?
Does the ramp fully open and completely close?
Is all equipment secured prior to take-off?
Prior to exit. Has the ramp been opened to the prescribed position and is it locked in place?
FLOOR
18-60.
The floor and ramp must be inspected to ensure they arenonskid surfaces and in good condition.
INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

18-61.
Before flight, the internal communications system (ICS) must be checked to ensure its operable.
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
18-62.
The following must be considered and addressed:

Are first aid kits present (number and location)?
Are fire extinguishers present and charged (number and location)?
Are all emergency exits operational? Has the JM been briefed on Ramp operation for all flights?
Has the JM been briefed on location of light switches?
Are emergency lights operational?
Ensure the crew chief briefs all of the participating jumpers on emergencies within the aircraft along
with emergency egress procedures.
SECTION V UH-1N/Y IROQUOIS

18-63. The Armys UH-1N/Y has two gas turbine engines. As many as eight combat-equipped parachutists
can jump from the UH -1N/UH1Y, consistent with weight limitations. (See Figure 18-16.) The JM is
nonjumping.
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Chapter 18
Figure 18-16. UH-1N/Y

18-64.
Preparing and inspecting the UH-1N/Y includes the actions described below.
PREPARATION
18-65.
The following steps prepare the UH-1N/Y for jumping:

Both cargo compartment doors are locked in the open position. If the doors cannot be locked, they
are removed.
All troop seats are removed except one seat on each side (located to the rear of the pilot and copilot
seats). These two seats are installed so they are facing to the rear of the aircraft. If the parachutists
are equipped with combat equipment and eight parachutists are to jump, all seats in the cargo
compartment are removed.
The door and frame are inspected to ensure there are no sharp edges that could cut or fray static
lines. If these are determined to be hazardous, corrective action is taken before the helicopter is
jumped.
Under field conditions, the door and frame can be padded and taped to preclude a mission abort.
Otherwise, the aircraft is returned to maintenance for correction of the deficiency.
Safety belts are attached to the tie-down rings on each side of the compartment for floor seated
parachutists.
The door gunner/crew chief foot operated radio switch may be unscrewed (by hand) before
jumping. The exposed radio switch wires are taped to prevent an electrical short. If the switch is not
removed, it is padded and taped. The ground handling wheel mount brackets on both landing skids
are padded with cellulose wadding and taped. (See Figure 18-17.) Some aviation units have
fabricated special covers that may be used to cover the wheel mount brackets.
ANCHOR LINE SYSTEMS

18-66. Two anchor line systems are available with the UH-1H/Y aircraft for airdrop of personnel. The
standard overhead anchor line system is provided and installed by the supporting aircraft. (See Figure 18-18.)
The floor mounted anchor line system (NSN 1670-00-999-3544). (See Figure 18-18.)
18-20
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Figure 18-17. UH-1 exposed fixtures padded

17-1.
Anchor line system (UH1-1N/Y). The floor mounted Anchor Line system for the UH1-1N/Y. (See
Figure 18-18.) The system consists of Type XXVI nylon webbing with four D-rings (TM 10-1670-26212&P). Nylon modified STABO straps or Type XXVI nylon webbing must be used with Type X cotton buffer
on the D-rings.
Note. Connector snaps will not be used on either the N or Y models of the UH1-1.
Figure 18-18. UH-1 series anchor line systems
FLOOR MOUNTED, ANCHOR LINE ASSEMBLY INSTALLATION

18-67. Install a floor mounted anchor line system (See Figure 17-31.) using an anchoring strap assembly
made from type XXVII nylon webbing (NSN 1670-00-999-3544), Nylon buffers are a suitable replacement
for cotton buffers and may be locally manufactured if replacement is needed.
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Chapter 18
Figure 18-19. UH-1 modified anchor line
RIGHT DOOR
18-68.
Inspection and preparation of the right door includes:

For the right door, using the modified STABO extraction system anchoring strap assembly, inspect
all components. Then install the four snap hooks with safety wires and four D-rings with cotton
buffers on the anchor web loop, with the snap hooks and D-rings facing out in the following order:
two snap hooks, four D-rings; two snap hooks. (See Figure 18-20.)
Insert about 30 inches of the web loop running end into the quick fit adapter to secure the loop.
Center the anchor line system on the cargo floor with the quick fit adapter to the center of the
aircraft. (See Figure 18-18.) Attach the snap hooks to tie-down fittings G1, F2, K2, and J3. Insert
the safety wires and tape the snap hooks.
Center the quick fit adapter between tie-down fittings G1 and J3, and tighten the web loop by
pulling on the loop running end. Secure the web loop running end with an overhand knot. Fold and
tape excess webbing to the web loop.
18-22
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Figure 18-20. UH-1 series modified anchor line
LEFT DOOR
18-69. The same procedures apply to the left door as the right except that the modified STABO extraction
system anchoring strap assembly is attached to tie-down ring Nos. G2, F4, K3, and J4. The quick fit adapter is
centered between tie-down fittings G2 and J4.
Note 1. Check expedient anchor line system during airborne operation, verifying it has not
slipped.
Note 2. At no time will any steel or wire cable be used as an expedient anchor line system
mounted to the floor of the aircraft.
INSPECTION
18-70. Before enplaning, the JM and pilot, or pilots representative, jointly inspect the aircraft to determine
the following:
All protruding objects near the cargo compartment doors are removed or taped.
The lower right and left aft edges of both the cargo compartment doors are padded and taped.
The anchor line cable or field expedient Anchor Line System is secure, serviceable, and properly
installed.
A safety belt is available for each parachutist.
A headset is available for the jumpmaster to effect coordination among the jumpmaster, the pilot,
and the ground.

18-71. During loading, jumpers should not approach directly from the front or sides but at a 45-degree angle
to the nose of the aircraft. Jumpers 1 through 4 enter the cargo compartment through the right door, are hooked
up by the JM in numerical order, and seat themselves. (See Figures 18-21 and 18-22.) Jumpers 5 through 8
enter the cargo compartment through the left door, are hooked up by the JM in numerical order, and seat
themselves. The following should be considered:
The JM ensures excess static line is stowed as he hooks up each parachutist.
The open portion of the static line snap hook faces the front of the aircraft.
For flights less than 25 minutes long, jumpers may sit in the door with their feet outside the cargo
compartment.
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Chapter 18

expedient anchor line system

overhead anchor line system
JUMP COMMANDS
18-72.
18-24

GET READY. This command is given four minutes or less from drop time, and the aircraft is level
for final approach. All seat belts are unlatched and moved to the rear of the parachutists. The JM
visually inspects each safety belt to ensure that it is clear of the parachutist and the equipment.
CHECK STATIC LINES. The JM rises and checks the routing of static lines from the point of
attachment to the pack tray to ensure they are properly routed and hooked up.
making eye to eye contact the JM, the jumper gives an oral OK and a thumbs up to the JM. The
SIT IN THE DOOR. This command is given by the JM 30 seconds from drop time. Jumpers 1 and 2
swing their legs to the right and take sitting positions in the door with feet together outside the cargo
compartment. (Jumpers 3 and 4 extend their legs outside and move to sitting positions.) They place
both hands, palms down, on the floor alongside their thighs, turn their heads toward the JM, and
wait. Jumpers 5 and 6 swing their legs to the left, take sitting positions in the left door, and follow
the same procedure as Nos. 1 and 2. (Jumpers 7 and 8 extend their legs outside and move to sitting
positions.) This command is omitted if the parachutists are already sitting in the door on a
short flight.
STAND BY. This command is given eight to 10 seconds before the command, GO.
GO. At this command, the actions described below occur.
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PERSONNEL
AIR DELIVERY CONTAINERS

18-74. When an air delivery container is being released from the cargo hook, the pilot releases the container
and informs the JM when the load has cleared the aircraft. The jumpers exit as explained above.
ARCTIC OPERATIONS
18-75. If the helicopter has skis, the ski attaching bolts and the sharp edges of the skis are padded and taped
on the outboard side of the landing skids aft of the leading edge of the cargo door. Due to the bulk and weight
of arctic clothing, individual equipment is not worn. The equipment is dropped either as an internal or external
load.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
18-76.
Safety precautions on the UH-1Y include the actions described below.
PARACHUTISTS
JUMPMASTER
18-78. The JM ensures all parachutists remain secured by their safety belts until the command, GET
READY, is given. The JM prevents (or corrects) excessive static line from flopping about the aircraft. (The JM
does not jump from this aircraft.) The JM wears a safety harness.
EQUIPMENT
18-80. Standard air delivery containers rigged with G-14 cargo parachutes can be delivered from the cargo
hook, using the breakaway static line. (Refer to FM 4-20.102 [FM 10-50.2].) The snap hooks of the static lines
are hooked to the Anchor Line System before liftoff. Door bundles reduce the number of parachutists that can
be carried, depending on the size and number of bundles.
18-81. The PJP/AT4JMP/SMJP may not be jumped from aircraft that require parachutists to sit on the floor.
AIRCRAFT
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Chapter 19
Nonstandard Aircraft
This chapter contains aircraft descriptions, JM procedures, and aircraft preparation
techniques for nonstandard rotary-wing and fixed-wing aircraft. The aviation supporting
unit prepares the aircraft for equipment and personnel drops to include seat and door
removal or installation and rearrangement of seat belts. The installation of a field
expedient anchor line cable is the jumpmasters responsibility. Aircraft preparation is
usually accomplished jointly by the loadmaster/crew chief and JM. These aircraft are
service tested and approved for personnel airdrop operations.
SECTION I PROCEDURE MODIFICATIONS IN NONSTANDARD AIRCRAFT

19-1. On some nonstandard aircraft, jumpers are required to shuffle in the aircraft and assume a stand in the
door position. The standard jump commands are modified by substituting the command, STAND IN THE
DOOR for STAND BY. The parachutists execute the shuffle and the stand in the door position in the
following manner.
SHUFFLE
19-2. The shuffle is a method of moving to the jump door without losing balance or tripping. To perform the
shuffle
The jumpers outboard arm is extended down and out to assist in maintaining balance and to assume
the door position. The other hand grasps the static line in the correct bight for the aircraft.
Both feet are slightly spread, directly beneath the body, and staggered 6 to 8 inches. The jumper
faces the rear of the aircraft and places his foot nearest the side of the aircraft forward; this foot is the
shuffle foot. The foot nearest the center of the aircraft is the trail foot.
The jumper moves by stepping forward with his shuffle foot 6 to 8 inches and then with his trail foot.
He keeps both feet staggered in the same relative heel and toe position throughout the shuffle.
STAND IN THE DOOR COMMAND

19-3. At the command, STAND IN THE DOOR,
The jumpers shuffle toward the jump door, and the No. 1 jumper hands his static line to the safety.
The No. 1 jumper ensures his arm is not entangled with the static line and shuffles into the door so
that the toe of his outboard foot is extended about 2 inches over the edge of the doorsill or jump
platform and his trail foot is about 6 inches to the rear.
The No. 1 jumper keeps his feet shoulder width apart. His weight is equally distributed on both feet,
knees are bent, upper body is straight, head and eyes are to the front, and hands are outside the
aircraft, with fingers extended and joined. He is in a position of coiled alertness and is ready to exit
the aircraft without further weight adjustment. His hands are not grasping the aircraft but are used to
maintain balance.
The No. 2 jumper is in the shuffle position, roughly even with the leading edge of the jump door and
facing the rear of the aircraft.
Follow on jumpers close up behind the preceding jumper, using the shuffle position to maintain
balance.
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Chapter 19
GO COMMAND
19-4. At the command, GO, the No. 1 jumper makes a vigorous up and out exit, 6 inches up and 36 inches out,
depending on aircraft requirements. The exit action is gained from the legs alone, and the hands are used
only to guide the jumper. On some aircraft, the vigorous exit is essential to avoid hitting the aircraft or
coming in contact with another jumper beneath or behind the aircraft.
19-5. The No. 2 jumper and all following jumpers
Shuffle toward the jump door.
Hand the static line to the safety and ensure the arm is not entangled with the static line.
Shuffle into the door, take up a proper door position, and exit the aircraft without command,
maintaining a one-second interval between jumpers.
SECTION II C-7A CARIBOU

19-6. The C-7A is a high wing transport powered by two piston engines. (See Figure 18-1.) A total of 24
parachutists may be dropped using the ramp or doors. The ramp is normally used for dropping parachutists.
Figure 19-1. C-7A Caribou
19-7. Twenty four parachutists sit in two 12 parachutist sticks. Parachutists are loaded over the loading ramp or
through the doors. The odd-numbered personnel are seated on the starboard side, and even-numbered
personnel are seated on the port side.

19-8. There are three personnel who supervise safety procedures. They include the following:
One JM who performs standard aircraft check procedures.
One safety NCO.
One loadmaster.
ANCHOR LINE CABLE ASSEMBLIES

19-9. There are two anchor line cable assemblies in the C-7A.
19-2
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19-10. The anchor line cable for ramp jumps runs from the reinforced anchor line attachment plate on the
forward bulkhead to the anchor line connector near the right side of the aft starboard door.
19-11. The anchor line cable for door jumps runs from the reinforced anchor line attachment plate down the
center of the cargo compartment. It is permanently installed.
JUMP COMMANDS
19-12. Jump commands for the C-7A are as follows:
GET READY. Jumpers respond in the same manner as for other fixed-wing aircraft.
PORT SIDE PERSONNEL, STAND UP. Jumpers on the left side of the aircraft stand up, raise and
secure their seats, and face the ramp of the aircraft.
STARBOARD SIDE PERSONNEL, STAND UP. Jumpers on the right side of the aircraft stand up,
raise and secure their seats, and face the ramp of the aircraft.
HOOK UP. Even numbered jumpers hook up between the odd numbered jumpers to form a
continuous stick of jumpers. The jumpers detach the static line snap hook from the top carrying
handle of the reserve parachute and hook up to the anchor line cable with the open portion of the
snap hook facing outboard, ensuring that the snap hook locks properly. The safety wire is inserted in
the hole, pointing toward the rear of the aircraft, and folded down. The static line is controlled by
each parachutist in a reverse bight at waist level in the left hand.
CHECK STATIC LINES, CHECK EQUIPMENT, and SOUND OFF FOR EQUIPMENT CHECK.
These are executed in the same manner as with other fixed-wing aircraft.
STAND BY/STAND IN THE DOOR.
STAND BY. The No. 1 jumper, upon receiving the command, STAND BY, assumes a
Standing position near the starboard side of the ramp hinge. The No. 2 jumper stands on the port side
of the aircraft slightly to the right of jumper 1. The remaining personnel close up the interval behind
the No. 1 jumper.
STAND IN THE DOOR. The proper door position is taken by the parachutists in both doors, with
the appropriate foot resting on the elevated doorsill. There is no jump platform.
GO. Personnel exit the aircraft at one-second intervals.
RAMP JUMPING
19-13. The No. 1 jumper, upon receiving the command, GO, walks off the port side rear corner of the ramp.
The remaining jumpers follow at a one-second interval. After the command, GO, each jumper visually
checks his body position for correctness and begins the 4000 count. (See Figure 19-2 for C-7A
configuration for ramp jumping.)
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Chapter 19
Figure 19-2. C-7A configuration for jumping from the ramp
DOOR JUMPING
19-14. When the troop doors are used, simultaneous exits must not be made. The No. 1 jumper exits the
starboard door and No. 2 exits the port door one second after No. 1. The remaining parachutists alternate in
numerical order at one-second intervals. (See Figure 19-3 for C-7A configuration for door jumping.)
Figure 19-3. C-7A configuration for jumping from the doors
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
19-15. Safety precautions for the C-7A include the actions described below.
PARACHUTISTS
19-16. Parachutists ensure that all seats are secured in the up position when they stand to hook up. During
extreme air turbulence, parachutists take a short bight on the static line and use the center anchor line to
steady themselves.
19-17. All parachutists remain off the ramp while it is being lowered to the 15-degree incline for aft end
jumping. Parachutists walk down the ramp with feet spread wide to prevent striking the side of the aircraft.
Upon exit from the aircraft, the parachutist brings the feet and knees together to form a tight body position.
When following heavy equipment loads, parachutists exit between the roller conveyers of the aerial
unloading kit.
JUMPMASTER
19-18. The JM or safety ensures personnel are hooked up in an alternating manner to the same anchor line
cable and form one continuous stick of jumpers.
19-19. For door jumping, the JM or safety taps out the jumpers alternately to preclude a simultaneous exit
from both sides of the aircraft.
19-20. Normally, a safety is required on the aircraft, but if no safety personnel are in the aircraft, the JM jumps
last. He must hook up to the center anchor line cable and exercise caution to control his own static line and
ensure it does not become fouled.
Note. The left troop door may be removed before the operation to allow the JM to look for the DZ. If
worn, the restraint harness is attached to the centerline anchor cable as a safety measure.
EQUIPMENT
19-21. When adjustable individual weapon cases are jumped from the doors, they must be reduced to 36
inches in length.
19-22. When accompanying supplies and equipment are dropped from the doors, the bundles must be standard
air delivery containers no larger than 40 by 24 by 36 inches.
19-23. When ramp bundles are dropped, either the 15-foot static line with drogue or the breakaway static line
may be used. When door bundles are dropped, the 15-foot static lines with drogues are used with cargo
parachutes. The ramp roller conveyor section for the air unloading kit is installed on the port side of the
ramp and is used to assist in ejecting the bundles from the ramp. Parachutists Nos. 1 and 2 push the
bundles.
AIRCRAFT
19-24. The speed of the aircraft during the jump will not be less than 90 nor more than 120 knots.
19-25. When jumping from the doors, the crew chief must remove the doors and tape the rear portion of the
door frames prior to takeoff.
19-26. The rear tie-down ring, located beneath the tail section, should be removed prior to jumping. The ring
can be unscrewed with a breaker bar or similar device.
SECTION III C 23B/B+ SHERPA

19-27. The C 23B/B+ Sherpa is a twin engine, nonpressurized, turboprop aircraft (see Figure 19-4). It has a
cruise speed of 180 knots with a range of 800 nautical miles. The aircraft can drop 12 combat-equipped
parachutists or 16 Hollywood parachutists in the airdrop configuration. This is a base planning figure;
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Chapter 19
actual troop capacity may vary due to aircraft limitations based on weight, density, altitude and fuel loads.
Troops may be loaded over-the-ramp or through the port side door. This section outlines the procedures
regarding the conduct of airborne operations by USASOC units from the C 23B/B+ Sherpa. The primary
jump door for personnel and cargo is the rear ramp door. Only over-the-ramp procedures are authorized for
static line personnel parachute operations. Only MFF operations are authorized from the port side door. Use
of the port side door is no longer authorized for static line personnel jump operations. Static line personnel
drops using the port side jump door are authorized only for emergencies.
Figure 19-4. C-23B/B+ Sherpa
DROP PROCEDURES
19-28. The primary method for determining the exit point for jumpers for static line operations is using wind
drift indicators (WDI). GMRS and VIRS can also be used based on the situation and the mission. The
aircraft is also capable of a GPS release if the pilot is given the release point coordinates. A thorough
briefing between the aircrew and all key personnel is mandatory before any operations involving the C
23B/B+. Standard drop altitude and speed is 1500 feet AGL at 105 knots.
19-29. Parachutists sit in two sticks along the port and starboard side of the aircraft. (See Figure 19-5.) Nos. 1
through 8 are seated on the port side and Nos. 9 through 16 are seated on the starboard side.
19-6
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Figure 19-5. Seating configuration
ANCHOR LINE CABLE ASSEMBLIES

19-30. There are two anchor line assemblies located overhead and running the length of the cabin down the
center. The cables run from the reinforced anchor line attachment plate on the forward bulkhead to the
anchor line connector at the center of the ramp hinge. Only the starboard side anchor line cable is used for
personnel parachute drop operations. Either cable can be used for cargo parachute drop operations.
STATIC LINE RETRIEVAL SYSTEM

19-31. The Static Line Retrieval System is a 5000-pound winch located forward in the cabin on the floor and
against the bulkhead. The retrieval cable runs up from the winch and along the port side anchor line cable
and is attached to the starboard side anchor line cable forward of the anchor line stop. The retrieval system
is operated from the rear of the cabin by the flight engineer. It is only operated in case of a towed jumper.

19-32. The supervisory personnel required for the C 23B/B+ Sherpa are as follows:
Jumpmaster. The jumpmaster will lead the stick out when jumping. The aircraft may be jumped
using a nonjumping/static jumpmaster.
Safety. The safety will be nonjumping. Either one or two safeties may be used when jumping this
aircraft.
Flight engineer. The flight engineer is responsible for all operations in the cabin.

19-33. The jumpmaster and the flight engineer jointly inspect the aircraft. The JM should follow basic aircraft
inspection criteria as outlined in the JM handbook. At a minimum, inspection should include
Seat configuration and seatbelts (correct number and location).
Static line retrieval cable and winch (attached correctly and secured).
Jump lights (may have to wait until the aircraft is powered up).
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Chapter 19
LOADING PARACHUTISTS
19-34. Jumpers are escorted to the aircraft by designated personnel, but are not loaded until directed to do so
by the flight engineer. A step or ladder is required when loading through the port side door. Rucksacks can
be worn while loading the aircraft through the port side door or the ramp door.
CAUTION
When loading, parachutists must immediately move forward in the aircraft
cabin to prevent the aircrafts tail from striking the ground.
COLD LOADING
19-35. Cold loading occurs when the aircraft is shut down, and the engines are not turning. Jumpers may be
loaded over the rear ramp or the port side door. The C 23B/B+ has a double hinged ramp that operates
differently from conventional ramps on other aircraft. During ground operations, the ramp door can be
lowered to its lowest position (resting on the ground) and equipment and jumpers can easily be loaded. The
ramp can also be opened to the half lowered position. The port side door with steps may also be used
during cold loading.
HOT LOADING
19-36. Hot loading occurs when the engines are turning. During multi-lift operation, the aircraft may be hot
loaded to expedite the airborne operation. Jumpers may be loaded by either the ramp door or through the
port side door. The ramp cannot be lowered to the ground during hot load operations. After loading the
aircraft, the jumpers must immediately take their seats and fasten their seatbelts. The safety ensures the
jumpers are secured and signals the JM when completed. The JM then signals the flight engineer that he is
ready for takeoff.
WARNING
Hot loading aircraft is dangerous. Special control measures should
be implemented to ensure jumpers and ground personnel remain
clear of the propellers.
JUMP COMMANDS AND TIME WARNINGS

19-37. Jump commands and times warnings are described below.
JUMP COMMANDS
19-38. The following commands are issued:
GET READY.
PORT SIDE PERSONNEL, STAND UP.
STARBOARD SIDE PERSONNEL, STAND UP. (If required.)
HOOK UP! (Spring opening gates toward starboard skin or the starboard anchor line cable.)
CHECK STATIC LINES.
CHECK EQUIPMENT.
STAND BY. (30 seconds).
FOLLOW ME. (Jumping JM.)
GO. (Static JM.)
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TIME WARNINGS
19-39. Time warnings that are issued are described in detail below.
Twenty-Minute Warning
19-40. The following personnel give these warnings:
Flight Engineer. Gives JM verbal and visual time warning.
Jumpmaster. Gives time warning to jumpers.
Safety. If jumping rucksacks, releases the cargo tie-down straps and facilitates the attachment of the
jumpers rucksacks.
Jumpers. If jumping rucksacks, do the following
Stand up.
Secure seatbelts and fold seats to the upright position and secure.
Attach rucksacks for jumping.
Ten-Minute Warning
Flight engineer. Gives JM verbal and visual time warning.
Jumpmaster. Completes following:
Hooks up his static line to the starboard side anchor cable.
Hands static line to the safety.
Begins jump commands.

Safety. Takes static line from JM.
Jumpers. All rigging completed.
Six-Minute Warning
Flight engineer. Completes the following:
Gives JM verbal and visual time warning.
After aircraft slow down, the port side door and the rear ramp door are opened. When the rear
ramp door and port side door are open and secure, the JM is signaled that the door and ramp are
ready. Red light comes on.
Jumpmaster. Continues giving jump commands. Upon completion of jump commands, moves to
the port side door to begin spotting procedures, if required.
Safety
19-43. During the 6-minute warning, the following personnel perform these actions.
One safety. After the command of CHECK EQUIPMENT, hands the JMs static line to the JM and
begins inspecting the jumpers from forward to the rear. After completing the inspection, he again
secures the JMs static line. After the JM completes the jump commands, moves to the port side door
with the JM and controls the JMs static line.
Two safeties. Rear safety continues to maintain control of JMs static line while forward safety
conducts standard jumper safety checks.
Jumpers
19-44. Stand up and secure the seats. Upon the command, HOOK UP, jumpers hook up to the starboard side
anchor line cable, gates facing starboard fuselage. Follow jump commands from JM. Take standard bight
on static line.
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Chapter 19
One-Minute Warning (All Procedures)

19-45. Personnel perform the following:
Flight engineer. Gives verbal and visual time warning to the JM.
Jumpmaster. Continues to monitor flight path from the port side door and identifies the DZ.
Announces, ONE MINUTE, to the jumpers.
Safety. Controls JMs static line.
Jumpers. Keep eyes on JM.
Thirty Seconds (Jumpmaster Release Procedures Using GMRS or WDI)

Flight engineer. Ensures green light comes on.
Jumpmaster. Checks green light. Tracks panels/exit point. Gives command, STAND BY.
Safety. Controls JMs static line.
Thirty Seconds (Pilot Release Procedures Using GPS/VIRS)

Flight engineer. Moves to starboard side of aircraft.
Jumpmaster. Gives the command, STAND BY, turns toward the open ramp, takes control of his
static line from the safety, and keeps eye on jump lights.
Safety. Gives JM his static line and moves to starboard side of aircraft next to flight engineer.
Ten Seconds (Jumpmaster Release Procedures)

19-48. Personnel perform the following
Flight engineer. Ensures he is clear of the ramp.
Jumpmaster. Keeps the panels in sight. Stands up and turns to face the ramp. Takes the static line
from the safety. Waits until panels are 90 degrees from aircraft.
Safety. Gives static line to the JM and moves to the starboard side of the aircraft.
Exit (Jumpmaster Release Procedures Using GMRS/WDI)

Jumpmaster. Identifies exit point, gives the command, FOLLOW ME, and walks straight out the
ramp.
Safety. Controls the jumper interval (one second). Retrieves static lines.
Jumpers. Exit the ramp straight at one-second intervals.
Exit (Pilot Release Procedures Using GPS/VIRS)

Jumpmaster. When green light is illuminated, gives the command, FOLLOW ME, and walks out
the ramp along the port side.
Safety. Controls the jumper interval (one second). Retrieves static lines.
Jumpers. Exit the ramp straight along the port side at one second intervals.
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CAUTIONS
Low overhead clearance may require jumpers to duck their heads while
exiting the ramp door.
Jumpers must walk STRAIGHT out the ramp and along the port side
fuselage and NOT at a 45-degree angle towards the center of the ramp.
Safety must remain clear of the ramp door and against the starboard side
fuselage while jumpers exit.
CARGO OPERATIONS
19-51. The C 23B/B+ Sherpa is capable of both low level and high altitude cargo delivery operations. Bundle
weight on the ramp should not exceed 500 pounds.
CARGO AIRDROPS WITHOUT PERSONNEL

19-52. The following are procedures for cargo airdrops without personnel:
The pilot sets up the approach, airspeed, and altitude. He commands the flight engineer to, STAND
BY.
The flight engineer ensures the bundle static line is hooked up and moves the cargo to the edge of the
ramp.
The pilot gives countdown to the flight engineer5, 4, 3, 2, 1, NOW!
The flight engineer releases the cargo over the ramp and retrieves the static line/clevis.
CARGO AIRDROPS WITH PERSONNEL

19-53. The following are procedures for cargo airdrops with personnel:
The JM and safety coordinate and rehearse cargo release procedures with the flight engineer before
the mission.
Cargo may be released before or after jumpers exit.
The safety retrieves static line/clevis after the drop.
Note. Based on the mission, the JM selects either the breakaway or nonbreakaway 15-foot static line.
CAUTIONS
No more than four jumpers are authorized aft of the port side jump door
prior to exit.
Excessive weight load and cargo shift in the ramp door area prior to exit
should be avoided.
SECTION IV C-27A (AERITALIA G-222)

19-54. The C-27A is a pressurized, medium transport aircraft developed from the Aeritalia G-222. It is a twin
engine, high wing mount, tailgate equipped aircraft that is similar to a downsized C-130. The C-27A can
carry 34 fully equipped combat troops, 28 static line parachutists, 34 MFF parachutists, or 16 MFF
parachutists on oxygen. It can airdrop up to six CDS bundles. Typical internal loads are two HMMWVs or
three full sized 463L pallets that are turned sideways. Static line parachutists may be dropped using either
of the two jump doors but may not use the ramp. MFF personnel may use both jump doors or the ramp.
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Chapter 19
19-55. The seating configuration for the C-27A is organized as described below.
STICK CONFIGURATION
19-56. Parachutists are assembled into two sticks of jumpers. Jumper 28 (the JM) is seated on the port side of
the aircraft forward of the jump door. Forward of him is No. 13, then Nos. 1 through 12. Jumper 27 (the
AJM) is seated on the starboard side of the aircraft just forward of the jump door. Forward of him is jumper
26; then jumpers 14 through 25. The safeties sit on each side to the rear of the jump doors.
ANCHOR LINE CABLES

19-57. There are two anchor line cable assemblies in the C-27A. The anchor line cables are from the
attachment point on the forward bulkhead, through the anchor line support bracket just behind both doors,
then to the side of the aircraft over the tailgate. Each parachutist is issued main and reserve parachutes.
Each parachutist is responsible for inspecting his parachute for safety wires and for fitting of the parachute
harness.

19-58. To ensure command and control when jumping one jump door, one jumpmaster, one nonjumping
safety, and an airdrop certified USAF loadmaster are required. These personnel requirements double when
using both troop doors.
JUMP COMMANDS
19-59. Jump commands for the C-27A are described below.
DOOR OR RAMP JUMP

19-60. The following nine jump commands are used whether the doors or the ramp are jumped:
PORT SIDE PERSONNEL, STAND UP. Jumpers on the left side of the aircraft stand up, raise and
secure their seats, and face the ramp of the aircraft.
STARBOARD SIDE PERSONNEL, STAND UP. Jumpers on the right side of the aircraft stand up,
raise and secure their seats, and face the ramp of the aircraft.
HOOK UP. The jumpers detach the static line snap hook from the top carrying handle of the reserve
parachute and hook up to the anchor line cable with the open portion of the snap hook facing
inboard, ensuring that the snap hook locks properly. The safety wire is inserted in the hole, pointing
toward the rear of the aircraft and folded down.
These commands are executed in the same manner as with other fixed-wing aircraft.
STAND IN THE DOOR. A proper door position is taken by the parachutist.
Note. Port side personnel exit first. After all port side personnel except the JM have cleared the
aircraft, the starboard side personnel (except the AJM) exit the aircraft. JMs clear to the rear of the
aircraft, the AJM exits, and the JM follows. All jumpers exit using the stand-in-the door exit.
MODIFICATION OF JUMP COMMANDS

19-61. At the 10-minute warning, the JM and AJM send jumpers 13 and 26 to the forward end of the aircraft
to take their correct place in the stick. The two seats forward of both jump doors are folded upright and
secured. The two safeties fold their seats upright and secure them.
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
19-62. Safety precautions for the C-27A follow:
Jumpmasters. The JMs inspect the door platforms after the doors are opened. The JMs hook up to
the cables on their side of the aircraft. They control and observe the personnel as they exit. JMs exit
last.
Safeties. The safeties assist the loadmaster in installation of the door platforms if they are to be
installed in flight. They ensure personnel hook up consecutively and that jumpers 13 and 26 are in
the correct position. The safeties control the static lines as the jumpers approach the door to exit.
They assist the loadmasters when retrieving the deployment bags.
Equipment. Standard combat equipment can be jumped out of the doors, which are 36 by 75 inches.
Standard door bundles (that is, A-7A/A-21) can be dropped out of the doors. The 15-foot static line
with drogue is used. Troops may follow.
Aircraft. The drop speed of the aircraft is 125 knots. Both doors cannot be jumped at the same time.
The ramp of this aircraft cannot be used for static line ramp exits.
OVER THE RAMP OPERATIONS

19-63. Considerations for over-the-ramp operations are described below.
STATIC LINE OPERATIONS

19-64. The erratic behavior of the deployment bags poses a serious safety hazard; the C 27A cannot be used
for static line over-the-ramp operations.
EQUIPMENT DROP
19-65. Door bundles can be pushed off the ramp. The rollers can be installed on the ramp to aid in handling
larger bundles.
JOINT PREFLIGHT INSPECTION

19-66. The C 27A is inspected by taking the actions described below.
JM/AIRCRAFT COMMANDER/LOADMASTER COORDINATION

19-67. The JM is responsible for informing the aircraft commander and loadmaster of the exact time sequence
of prejump procedures. Following preliminary orientation, and before loading personnel onboard the
aircraft, the JM and loadmaster make a joint inspection of the aircraft. The purpose of the joint inspection is
to verify the readiness of the aircraft for the conduct of the mission and to take actions necessary to achieve
this readiness.
EXTERIOR INSPECTION
19-68. An external inspection of the aircraft is made to detect hazards to the airdrop of personnel. Particular
attention is directed to those areas to the rear of the aft paratroop doors. Any protruding objects and sharp
edges are removed, or padded and taped.
INTERIOR INSPECTION
19-69. An interior inspection checks for the following:
Any sharp edge or protrusion is securely taped and padded, as required.
All equipment in the cargo compartment is securely stowed and lashed.
The floor is clean and free of lubricants; no obstructions are on the walkway or along the paratroop
exit route (outboard area between the safety fence and fuselage).
Anchor line cables are installed.
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Chapter 19
A seat and seat belt are available in the troop compartment for each parachutist.
The retrieval system is installed in the aircraft with the winch cable retained in clips and free of the
anchor line cable.
Windscreen systems are available/installed.
Jump platforms are available/installed.
Jump caution lights are operational.
Troop compartment lights are operational.
JUMPMASTER PRELOAD INSPECTION OF PARACHUTISTS

19-70. The JM/AJM inspects each parachutist, parachute, and parachutists equipment prior to loading the
aircraft.
LOADMASTER BRIEFING
19-71. As soon as all parachutists are seated, the loadmaster briefs them on aircraft safety, emergency
procedures, and comfort facilities.
TIME WARNINGS
19-72. Time warnings are given for specific actions to be taken. The warnings and their required actions are
described below.
TWENTY-MINUTE WARNING
19-73. JMs check personnel and equipment. Missile jump packs are attached to the parachutists, their HSPR
leg straps are secured, and door bundles are moved near the personnel doors.
TEN-MINUTE WARNING
19-74. Final onboard JMPI of all parachutists is complete. A verbal and visual 10-minute warning is given to
the JMs by the loadmaster, and the JMs begin jump commands.
SLOW-DOWN WARNING
19-75. About three minutes from drop time, the jump commands are completed. Personnel doors are opened,
and jump platforms are extended and locked.
ONE-MINUTE WARNING
19-76. JMs alert troops and make safety checks from personnel doors. The AJM informs the JM that his side
is clear and that it is safe to jump.
TEN-SECOND WARNING
19-77. The loadmaster gives the JMs a visual 10-second warning. At this time the JM gives the command
STAND IN THE DOOR, and the No. 1 jumper assumes a proper door position. The remainder of the stick
shuffles aft to close up the stick.
GREEN LIGHT, GO
19-78. At the green light, the JM taps out the first man. Port side personnel exit first. After all port side
personnel have cleared the aircraft, the starboard side personnel exit the aircraft. JMs clear to the rear of
the aircraft, the AJM signals to the JM that all jumpers are clear of the aircraft, the AJM exits, and then the
JM exits. All jumpers exit using the stand in the door exit.
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ADDITIONAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

19-79. Further safety precautions for the C-27A include the actions described below.
PLATFORMS, AIR DEFLECTORS, AFT CARGO DOOR

19-80. The JMs must ensure that jump platforms and windscreens are available. This equipment is mandatory
for each aft personnel door that is to be used.
DOOR BUNDLES
19-81. When personnel follow door bundles, the door bundle static line will be outfitted with a drogue.
MOVEMENT INTO THE DOOR

19-82. Parachutists exercise caution as they move to the door to avoid becoming entangled with the static lines
of preceding parachutists. This precautionary action may slow movement into and out of the door.
C-27A JUMPMASTER CHECKLIST

19-83. The jumpmaster follows the checklist described below.
SEATS
19-84. Seats must be inspected for the following:
Adequate seats for troop load are onboard.
Seat backs are secure.
Seats are serviceable.
There are no projections through seats; pairs of seats forward of each troop door have a strap attached
to secure them in the upright position.
FLOOR
19-85. The floor must be inspected for the following:
Nonskid surface covering is in good condition.
Roller conveyors are stored.
Loose equipment is secured in the cargo ramp area and does not interfere with troops.
Equipment tie-down rings are depressed into their recesses.
JUMP PLATFORMS
19-86. Jump platforms must be inspected for the following:
Nonskid surface covering is present and in good condition.
There are no cracks or bends.
Studs are locked in seat track receptacles.
Tie-down fitting is locked.
All bolts and nuts are present.
Platforms swing in and out easily.
JUMP DOORS
19-87. Jump doors must be inspected. The inspection should include the areas described below.
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Chapter 19
Ground Check
19-88. This inspection ensures
There are no sharp or protruding edges on door frames.
Doors open and close easily.
Prior to Exit
19-89. This inspection should include the following:
The platforms are locked into the two keyholes on the floor and slid to the rear of the aircraft. The
large portion of the keyhole slot should be visible.
The platform locking lever on the leading edge of the door should be in its locked position. The lug
this lever controls should be engaged to the door frame.
The platform locking lever should be taped in place to help prevent any jumpers from inadvertently
unlocking it.
The flange on the trailing side of the platform must overlap the inside of the door frame
approximately 1/2 inch.
JUMP LIGHTS (FIVE TOTAL)

19-90. This inspection should include the following points:
Rear at the forward left door.
Rear of both troop doors.
High above and to the rear of the ramp on both sides.
STATIC LINE ANCHOR CABLE SYSTEM

19-91. Inspection should ensure the following:
Forward end of cable is firmly secured to bracket on bulkhead with three threads showing on
turnbuckle.
Rear of cable has a pin in it with tape.
ANCHOR CABLE
Cable has no breaks.
Cable has no frays.
Cable has no kinks.
Static line stop is present.
Support bracket at the trailing edge of the door is locked in place to support the cables.

Cable is secured to ceiling with one turn of double quarter-inch cotton webbing.
The Y attachment is in place so one retrieval cable can pull in two groups of deployment bags. (Y
cable is used if both jump doors are used.)
Retriever cables are not broken, frayed, or kinked. They are clean and free of rust.
Phenolic block/anchor cable spool is installed on both anchor cables with the pull ring on the forward
end.
Retriever equipment is available.
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EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
First aid kit is onboard (one).
Fire extinguishers are onboard (two).
MISCELLANEOUS
Day lighting system is operational.
Night lighting system is operational.
Jumpmaster kit (extra equipment) is onboard.
Earplugs are available.
Heavy tape is available to secure the platform and windscreen locking lever.
If jump platforms and windscreen are not installed in the doors, they must be secured to the upper
ramp.
All equipment and crew baggage is secured to the floor.
During the jump briefing, the jumpers are warned to avoid striking or grabbing the door platform or
windscreen locking lever on the leading edge of the door.
WARNING
It is a serious hazard to the exiting parachutist if the windscreen
locking lever swings into the open door.
TAILGATE DROPS (BUNDLES ONLY)

19-96. The following must be adhered to:
Ensure that the loadmaster installs the stops on both sides of the tailgate so that it will be level with
the aircraft floor when open.
Disengage the support bracket near the door for bundle drops that use the retrieval system to pull in
the static lines.
Secure the retrieval cable against the anchor line in several places with breakaway ties starting at the
rear of the cable and ending at the tailgate hinge. This will prevent the tailgate from cutting the
retrieval cable during operation.
AIRCRAFT SLOW-DOWN WARNING AT THREE MINUTES

19-97. Appropriate personnel must ensure the following:
Doors are opened and locked in place.
Air deflectors are extended.
Jump platforms are locked in place.
LOADMASTER/JUMPMASTER SAFETY CHECKS

19-98. Appropriate personnel must ensure the following:
Door bundles employ approximately 15-foot long static lines with three drogue parachutes.
Jump platform is secure and will sustain parachutists weight.
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Chapter 19
SECTION V C-46 COMMANDO

19-99. The C-46 is a twin engine, short range transport aircraft.
19-100. Seating configurations for the C-46 is organized as described below.
C-46
19-101. A total of 27 parachutists can be jumped from the C-46 using both aft troop doors. This aircraft can
accommodate two sticks: a 14-man stick sits on the starboard side, and a 13-man stick sits on the port side.
C-46 JUMP COMMANDS

19-102. The following commands are for C-46 jumps:
GET READYJumpers respond in the same manner as for other fixed-wing aircraft.
STAND UPThe parachutists near the doors stand and steady themselves by firmly grasping a
structural member of the cargo compartment wall.
HOOK UPThe open portion of the static line snap hook is away from the parachutist and toward
the floor of the aircraft when he hooks up. The elbow of the arm holding the static line is kept close
to the body. The static line is controlled by each parachutist in a reverse bight at waist level in the left
hand. When the anchor line cable is installed along the top of the aircraft, the static line is controlled
in a standard bight held at shoulder level.
CHECK STATIC LINESEach jumper checks the man in front to ensure the static line snap hook
cover on the 5-foot static line extension covers the snap hook.
CHECK EQUIPMENTEach jumper checks his equipment and checks the man in front to ensure
that the mans elbow is close to his body and the static line extension hangs below and behind the
arm.
SOUND OFF FOR EQUIPMENT CHECKThis command is executed in the same manner as with
other fixed-wing aircraft.
STAND IN THE DOORA proper door position is taken by the parachutists in both doors.
GOPersonnel exit the aircraft at one-second intervals.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
19-103. Safety precautions on the C-46 include the actions described below.
PARACHUTISTS
19-104. Parachutists must
Ensure all seats are in the down position when they stand to hook up.
Upon exit from the aircraft, bring their feet and knees together to form a tight body position.
SAFETY PERSONNEL/JUMPMASTER RESPONSIBILITIES

19-105. Responsibilities for the safety and jumpmaster are described below.
C-46
19-106. The following steps are required:
The JM or safety ensures personnel hook up in an alternating and consecutive fashion.
One safety is required when jumping the C-46. After the safety has checked each parachutist, the
safety then moves aft of the door and physically controls the JMs static line.
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Due to the movement of the safeties and length of the aircraft, it is advisable to use a USAF BA-18
or AEBP emergency parachute when using one safety for each door. When using the safety harness,
two safeties are required for each door. Safety No. 1 is positioned forward to inspect jumpers. Safety
No. 2 is positioned aft to assist the JM.
Note. Although the C-46 has two aft troop jump doors, normally only the left aft troop door is used
for jumping. When both doors are used, one safety for each door is required. The JM (or safety) taps
out parachutists alternately at one-second intervals to preclude simultaneous exits from both sides of
the aircraft.
Normally, the JM exits first when jumping this aircraft. When the JM gives the command, STAND
IN THE DOOR, he moves to the door and assumes a proper door position. On the command, GO, the
JM looks at the No. 2 man, gives the command, GO, and then exits the aircraft. Once the JM exits,
the safety controls the static lines and the parachutists flow out of the aircraft.
PARACHUTE FOULING
19-107. To prevent fouling of the parachute on the aircraft tail wheel when jumping the C-46, a 5-foot universal
static line extension must be used. The 5-foot universal static line extension will be girth hitched to the
universal static line, you must ensure that there is no nylon on nylon contact. The looped end of the
universal static line should be touching the cotton buffer on the 5-foot universal static line extension. The
extension is stowed by using rubber retainer bands, continuing to stow the extension on the pack body.
When the stow is completed, the static line and extension should have four stows on the right and three
stows on the left.
Note. When jumping the C-46 utilizing the MC-1 series, parachutists use only the left aft door. When
jumping the C-46 there may be a tail wheel cover, if this is present and placed on the tail wheel, a 5foot universal static line extension is not needed.
ANCHOR LINE CABLES

19-108. The C-46 has two anchor line cables. Both anchor line cables must be detached from their floor fittings
and anchored to the floor in the rear section of the cargo compartment. A wooden block is used to support
the cable at the anchor point.
SECTION VI C-47 SKYTRAIN/DC-3 (CONTRACT AIRCRAFT)

19-109. The C-47 and the DC-3 are twin-engine, short-range transport aircraft. The DC-3 is the civilian version
of the C-47 Skytrain. The major difference is the door of the aircraft: the C-47 has a paratroop door
installed whereas the DC-3 has a smaller personnel door.
19-110. DC-3 aircraft converted for use by the Forest Service also have a paratroop door installed. The majority
of flying C-47s are actually DC-3s that have been painted to resemble C-47 aircraft.
AIRCRAFT RESTRICTIONS
19-111. Total capacity of C-47/DC-3 for combat-equipped jumpers is 20. Total capacity of the C-47/DC-3 for
noncombat-equipped jumpers is 24.
RESERVE PARACHUTE
19-112. Crowded conditions inside the cargo compartment could allow for the accidental activation of a reserve
parachute, creating an extremely hazardous situation. During movement within the aircraft, the rip cord
grip of the reserve parachute is protected by placing the right hand and forearm over the front of the
reserve. This method allows the jumper to control the pilot chute and canopy in case of accidental
activation.
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Chapter 19
SPACE LIMITATIONS
19-113. The space limitations for the C-47/DC-3 aircraft are described below.
JUMPERS
19-114. The total number of jumpers are as follows and must not exceed published weight limitations:
Noncombat-equipped jumpers 24.
Combat-equipped jumpers 20.

19-115. Static lines and deployment bags are manually retrieved by the crew chief with assistance from the JM
immediately after the last jumper is clear. The static lines and deployment bags are secured as soon as they
are retrieved inside the aircraft.

19-116. Some aircraft may have the Basler Retrieval System installed. This system can retrieve a parachutist
weighing up to 360 pounds. Towed jumper procedures are the same as for high-performance aircraft. The
aircrew will operate the system, and jumpmaster/safety assists only when requested by the aircrew.
19-117. Seating configurations for the C-47 and DC-3 are as follows:
C-47/DC-3. A total of 24 parachutists can be jumped from the C-47/DC-3 using the aft troop door.
This aircraft can accommodate two sticks: a 12-man stick sits on the starboard side and a 12-man
stick sits on the port side. When jumping combat equipment a total of 20 parachutists can be jumped
from the C-47/DC-3.
Aircraft not rigged with paratroop seats or with individual seat belts. Jumpers are required to sit in
the floor. They are restrained by one safety belt over the entire stick of jumpers. SAF 10,000 pound
tie-down straps or C3A (NSN 1670-00-447-9504) modified safety belts must be supplied by the
using unit.
ANCHOR LINE CABLE

19-118. The jumpmaster can be either static or jumping.
19-119. The following must be adhered to:
The C-47 has one permanently installed anchor line cable that must be secured to the overhead
attachment points provided in the center of the aircraft. The aft anchor point is located at the aft right
side of station No. 542.
Some aircraft may have an inboard and outboard anchor line cable. If both are installed only use the
outboard anchor line cable for static line airdrop operations.
Some aircraft may have the anchor line cable located on the floor. Ensure the anchor line cable is
removed from its floor fittings and anchored to the floor in the rear section of the cargo compartment.
A wooden block is used to support the cable at the anchor point.
PREPARATION OF THE AIRCRAFT

19-120. Preparation of the C-47/DC-3 are as follows:
The aft door must be removed and rigged for jumping prior to takeoff.
The aft edge of the jump door is lined with a smooth metal tubular stripping, or it is padded and
taped.
19-20
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October 2013
The two aft cargo door hinges, door hasp, cargo door handle, and any other aircraft protrusions are
padded and taped.
The flooring of the jump door is made smooth by the insertion of an additional plywood section to
butt against the tubing and existing floor.
A slowdown from cruise airspeed (when applicable) is initiated in enough time to allow drop-speed
cruise two minutes prior to drop time.
Personnel and cargo drops are normally made from 100-125 knots.
When possible during personnel drops, propeller RPM should be reduced to lessen the blast effect on
the jumpers.
Inspect the floor for oil, debris, or dirt; especially near the paratroop door
JUMP PROCEDURES
19-121. Jump procedures for the C-47 and DC-3 aircraft are described below.
19-122. Jump Commands include:
PORT SIDE PERSONNEL, STAND UP. The odd-numbered jumpers seated on the left side of the
aircraft stand up, secure their seats, if present, in the down position and face the rear of the aircraft.
STARBOARD SIDE PERSONNEL, STAND UP. The even-numbered jumpers seated on the right
side of the aircraft stand up, secure their seats in the down position, and face the rear of the aircraft.
HOOK UP. The even-numbered jumpers hook up between the odd-numbered jumpers to form a
staggered stick of jumpers. When the anchor line cable is installed along the top of the aircraft, the
static line is controlled in a standard bight held in the left hand at shoulder level with the opening
gate facing to the right. When the anchor line cable is located on the floor, the opening gate of the
static line snap hook is away from the jumper and toward the floor of the aircraft when he hooks up.
The static line is then controlled by each jumper in a reverse bight at waist level in the left hand.
CHECK STATIC LINES. Jumpers respond to this command in the same manner as with other fixedwing aircraft.
CHECK EQUIPMENT. Jumpers respond to this command in the same manner as with other fixedwing aircraft.
SOUND OFF FOR EQUIPMENT CHECK. Jumpers respond to this command in the same manner
as with other fixed-wing aircraft.
STAND IN THE DOOR. A proper door position is taken by the parachutist.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
19-123. The following are safety precautions for the C-47/DC-3.
Parachutists ensure all seats are in the down position when they stand to hook up.
Upon exit from the aircraft, parachutists bring their feet and knees together to form a tight body
position.
Parachutists exiting the DC-3 aircraft with the standard troop door must ensure not to strike their
ballistic helmet or pack tray on the top of the door.
SAFETY PERSONNEL AND JUMPMASTER RESPONSIBILITIES

19-124. Safety and jumpmaster responsibilities for the C-47/DC-3 are described below.
RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE SAFETY AND JUMPMASTER

19-125. Safety personnel duties include the following:
The safety also performs duties as a loadmaster. Prior to takeoff, the safety ensures all jumpers are
secured and prepared for takeoff.
The safety ensures personnel hook up consecutively.
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19-21
Chapter 19
One safety is required when jumping the C-47/DC-3 aircraft. After the safety has checked each
parachutist, the safety then moves aft of the door and physically controls the jumpmasters static line.
The safety maintains communications with the pilots through the ICS located in the aft of the
aircraft, and relays all information to the JM.
Due to the movement of the safeties and length of the aircraft, it is advisable to use a USAF BA-18
or AEBP emergency parachute when using one safety. When using the safety harness, two safeties
are required. Safety No. 1 is positioned forward to inspect jumpers. Safety No. 2 is positioned aft to
assist the JM.
19-126. Jumpmaster responsibilities include the following:

The JM must exit first when jumping from this aircraft.
When the JM gives the command STAND IN THE DOOR, he moves to the door and assumes a
proper door position.
On the command GO, the JM looks at the No. 2 man, gives the command GO, and then exits the
aircraft.
Once the JM exits, the safety controls the static lines and the flow of the parachutists as they exit
the aircraft.
19-127. Other considerations include the following:
Parachute Fouling. To prevent fouling of the T-10-seires or MC-1-series type parachute on the
aircrafts tail wheel when jumping from the C-47/DC-3, a 5-foot universal static line extension must
be used. If a wheel fairing is installed then the standard 15-foot universal static line may be used.
Basler Retrieval System. Some aircraft may have the Basler Retrieval System installed. This system
can retrieve a parachutist weighing up to 360 pounds. Towed jumper procedures are the same as for
high-performance aircraft. The aircrew will operate the system, and jumpmaster/safety assists only
when requested by the aircrew.
Jumpmaster handholds. Most of these aircraft are restorations and the JM handholds may be in
different positions depending on the aircraft. The JM must be familiar with the handholds prior to
take off.
SECTION VII C-212 (CASA 212)

19-128. The C-212 is a twin engine, high wing, multipurpose light transport designed for operations involving
short, rough airfields. (See Figure 19-6.) The aircraft can transport 24 personnel in a troop lift mode and 15
combat-equipped parachutists in the airdrop mode using the port door. Troops are loaded over the ramp.
19-22
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October 2013
Figure 19-6. C-212 (Casa 212)
19-129. Fifteen parachutists sit in two sticks of jumpers. (See Figure 19-7.) The odd numbered personnel
(eight) are seated on the starboard side and the even numbered personnel (seven) are seated on the port
side.
Figure 19-7. C-212 seating configuration
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19-23
Chapter 19
ANCHOR LINE CABLE ASSEMBLY

19-130. There is one anchor line cable assembly in the C-212. It runs from the reinforced anchor line
attachment plate on the forward bulkhead to the anchor line connector near the right side of the aft
starboard emergency door.

19-131. The following personnel are required for airdrop operations from the C-212: one jumpmaster to
perform standard aircraft check procedures, one safety, and one loadmaster/crew chief.
JUMP COMMANDS
19-132. The following jump commands are used with the C-212 aircraft:
GET READY.
STARBOARD SIDE PERSONNEL, STAND UP.
PORT SIDE PERSONNEL, STAND UP.
HOOK UP. On this command, the odd numbered personnel hook up between the even numbered
personnel to form a continuous stick of parachutists, hooking the open portion of the snap hook
facing inboard over the left shoulder. All parachutists take up a reverse bight.
Commands executed in same manner as other fixed-wing aircraft.
STAND IN THE DOOR (if a door exit)/STAND BY (if a over-the-ramp exit). A proper exit position
is taken by the parachutist.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
19-133. Safety precautions for the C-212 include the actions described below.
PARACHUTISTS
19-134. Jumpers must take the following actions:
Ensure that all seats are secured in the up position when parachutists stand to hook up. During
extreme air turbulence, parachutists take a short bight on the static line to steady themselves.
Remain off the ramp while it is being lowered for over the ramp operations.
Note. To assist the JM in looking for the DZ, the troop door may be removed before the airborne
operation begins. The safety restraint harness is attached to the 500-pound tie-down positions on the
floor of the aircraft, out of the way of the jumpers.
JUMPMASTER
19-135. The JM must take the following steps:
The JM or safety ensures all personnel hook up properly.
The JM (if no safety personnel are in the aircraft) jumps last. He hooks up to the anchor line cable,
ensuring his static line does not become fouled.
Note. On aircraft that do not have a positive communication system, the following safety measure is
recommended: one ring on the alarm bell signals the JM to look at the jump light or communicate
with the cockpit.
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October 2013
EQUIPMENT
19-136. The following actions should be taken for equipment:
When adjustable individual weapons cases are jumped from the door, they must be reduced to 36
inches in length.
When accompanying supplies and equipment are dropped from the door, the bundles must be
standard air delivery containers no larger than 40 by 24 by 36 inches.
When ramp bundles are dropped, either the 15-foot static line with drogue or the breakaway static
line may be used. When door bundles are dropped, the 15-foot static line with drogue is used with
cargo parachutes.
When ramp bundles are dropped, troops may follow out the troop door. The JM and safety or
loadmaster push the bundles out.
AIRCRAFT
19-137. The following pertains to the aircraft:
Aircraft speed during the jump is 90 to 110 knots.
When parachutists are jumping from the troop door, the door may be opened or removed and set into
the door recess provided on the ramp.
When conducting bundle operations from the ramp, the JM must close the door. The door may be
opened or removed before the ramp is lowered.
The Omega antenna, located beneath the tail section, must be removed prior to ramp bundle
operations.

19-138. Procedures outlined for other fixed-wing aircraft will be followed for the C-212.
AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION FOR RAMP STATIC LINE PERSONNEL

AIRDROP
19-139. The loadmaster configures the aircraft. The JM should verify the configuration. Static line ramp
parachute operations are authorized only when the retrieval system is operational.
19-140. The aircraft is configured for a static line personnel airdrop. One of each of the following items of
equipment is needed:
Hand winch.
Static line deflector block.
Retrieval bar.
Retrieval strap.
Extended interphone cord.
A 2500 pound tie-down strap.
A 5000-pound tie-down strap.
One 3-foot length of 1-inch tubular nylon.
Cloth backed adhesive tape.
Anchor cable.
Two restraint harnesses.
19-141. Install and preflight inspect the following equipment:
Attach hand winch to right tie-down row in zone 1 and check for security.
Inspect cable for broken wires or kinks and check for operation.
Ensure static line deflector block is attached to the right side of the ramp. Cover the bolt head with
tape.
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19-25
Chapter 19
Inspect retrieval base on board and attaching brackets.

Install and check extended interphone cord for operation.
Fit and adjust restraint harnesses.
Ensure that the 3-foot length of 1-inch tubular nylon and the 5000-pound tie-down strap are secured
and available for immediate use.
C-212 JUMPMASTER CHECKLIST

19-142. The jumpmaster follows the checklist for the C-212 that is described below.
SEATS
19-143. The JM must ensure
Adequate seats are available for troop load.
Seat backs are secure.
Seats are serviceable.
There are no projections through seats.
FLOOR
Nonskid surface covering is in good condition.
Loose equipment is secured and does not interfere with troops.
JUMP DOOR
There are no sharp or protruding edges on door frame.
Door opens and closes easily.
Door sits in ramp recess properly.
JUMP LIGHTS
19-146. The JM must check the following sets for operation:
Set 1. Above port aft jump door.
Set 2. Above starboard aft emergency door. Check alarm bell; it is the signal for exiting.
STATIC LINE ANCHOR CABLE SYSTEM

19-147. The JM must check the following:
Forward support beam, which includes inspecting the following:
Bolts, nuts, and safety wire are present.
Anchor cable is attached to centerline anchor point.
Cable bolt, locking bolt, nut, and safety wire are present.
Check anchor line tension indicator red line indicator should not be seen.
Anchor cable , which includes inspecting the following:
Cable has no breaks, frays, or kinks.
Swage is present.
Anchor line cable aft support, which includes ensuring the following are present:
19-26
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October 2013
Cable.
Locking bolt and nut.
Safety wire.
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
First aid kits are onboard (2).
Fire extinguishers are onboard (2).
MISCELLANEOUS
Lighting system is operational.
Jumpmaster kit (extra equipment) is onboard.
Earplugs are available.
Note. Loose equipment and jump door (removed) are lashed to the cargo ramp or to the rear of the
forward bulkhead.
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19-27
PART FIVE
Drop Zones
This part covers procedures, formulas and computations of drop zones, as well as how
to establish and operate one. It also discusses the malfunction officer.
Chapter 20
Procedures
This chapter explains drop altitudes, airdrop methods, airdrop release methods, and
personnel.
SECTION I DROP ALTITUDES AND AIRDROP METHODS
DROP ALTITUDE
20-1. The DZSTL measures drop altitude in feet AGL from the highest point on the DZ (the highest field
elevation) to the aircraft. (See Table 20-3.) In combat (wartime) operations, airborne and airlift
commanders jointly determine drop altitudes. Table 20-4 shows drop altitudes, by load and aircraft type, in
feet AGL.
Table 20-1. Example calculation of drop altitude in feet
A
B
C
Distance from highest field elevation in drop zone to desired

altitude of aircraft, in feet.
Highest field elevation in feet above sea level, rounded up to next
50 (for example, round 505 up to 550).
Drop altitude in feet indicated.
800
+ 550
1350
Feet AGL
Feet field elevation
Feet MSL
Note. If the field elevation is in meters, it must be multiplied by 3.28 to convert to feet.
20-2. Table 20-4 shows airdrop altitudes for different types of training missions. (Refer to AFI 11 231 and AFI
11 410 for more information on drop altitudes.)
20-3. The aircraft altimeter displays altitude in feet MSL, not in AGL (feet above the highest point on the
ground). Thus, the pilot might request the drop altitude in feet MSL. Calculate this simply by following
this example:
Obtain the drop altitude, which is the distance in feet from the highest point on the drop zone (field
elevation) to the desired altitude of the aircraft. In this example, drop altitude equals 800 feet. (Refer
to Appendix A and Table 6-3.)
Obtain the highest field elevation in feet above sea level. Round this number up to the nearest
multiple of 50 (round 537 up to 550, for example). (Refer to Appendix B, Table 6-3.) For purposes of
obtaining the drop altitude in feet indicated, use this number for field elevation.
Sum the two numbers obtained to yield drop altitude in feet indicated. (Refer to Appendix C and
Table 6-3.)
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20-1
Chapter 20
Table 20-2. Airdrop altitudes for rotary and fixed-wing aircraft

DAY (AGL)
(feet)
NIGHT (AGL)
(feet)
Personnel
> 90 KTs (N/A for UH aircraft)
1500
1250 minimum
1500
1250 minimum
Bundles
300
300
Personnel
Basic Airborne Training
Training
Tactical
1250
1000
800
1250
1000
800
Door Bundles
300 minimum
300 minimum
Heavy Equipment
1100
1100
AIRCRAFT
Rotary-Wing
(All Services, Rotary Wing))
Fixed-Wing (Troop Carrier)
AWADS/SKE. Drop altitude is 500 feet above highest obstacle that falls within three miles either side of DZ run-in.
CDS using G-13 or any other parachute, minimum drop altitude is 400 feet AGL. CDS using G-14 parachute can
drop from 300 feet AGL.
The training drop altitude of 1000 feet AGL may be waived to 800 feet AGL by completing a mature risk
assessment decision cycle.
METHOD OF AIRDROP
20-4. The three methods of airdrops are:
Personnel and door bundles. This type of airdrop, personnel and door bundles either exits are
pushed, or are skidded from the paratroop door or aircraft ramp and door.
Gravity. The aircraft maintains a nose-high attitude (if required) and in-flight release of load
restraints, which allows the load to roll out of the aircraft. A rigging system may be used to initiate
and accelerate load movement.
Extraction. An extraction parachute pulls the load from the cargo compartment.
CAUTION
There must be a three-second interval between equipment drops and the
exit of parachutists to avoid possible jumper entanglement. The DZSO or
DZSTL must follow the procedures for heavy drop operations, but observe
the jumpers as they exit the aircraft. (Separate equipment and personnel
aircraft between drops).
OBSTACLES
20-5. To ensure that the airdrop is safe and that equipment and personnel can be recovered or employed to
accomplish the mission, the drop zone and adjacent areas should be free of obstacles. Examples of
obstacles are
Trees 35 feet or higher impeding recovery of personnel or equipment.
Water four-feet deep and 40-feet wide within 1000 meters from any portion of the surveyed DZ.
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Procedures
High-tension wire that is carrying active current of 50 volts or greater. (Should be turned off prior to
drop.)
Any other conditions that may injure parachutists or damage equipment (inactive electric wires,
barbed wire fences, swamps, ditches, and gullies).
20-6. The DZ should be sited at least 1000 meters from a power line. If this is impractical, and a power line is
within 1000 meters of any boundary of the DZ, then the DZSO must coordinate with the local power
company to shut off the power to that line not later than (NLT) 15 minutes prior to TOT. If this is
impossible, then the flying mission commander, aircrew, and JM must assess the risk and must consider at
least the following:
Type of jump.
Jumpers experience.
Aircrews experience.
Ceiling.
Surface and altitude wind limits are required to approve, suspend, or cancel.
20-7. To further minimize risks, the DZSO and JM should consider how they might alter the mission profile to
raise or lower drop altitudes, change the DZ run in or escape headings, or remove inexperienced jumpers
from the stick. Also, if they can, they should clearly mark power lines with lights, smoke, or VS 17 panels.
DANGER
Set up the DZ away from power lines. A 50-volt shock can kill a
jumper. Even if it does not, it could cause him to fall, and that could
kill him too.
Also, never try to climb power line poles to position or affix markings
to the poles or the lines themselves.
Note. Refer to Appendix D for DZ risk assessment.
AIR APPROACH AND DEPARTURE ROUTES

20-8. Air routes to and from the DZ should not conflict with other air operations or restrictive terrain, or with
manmade objects (television or radio towers).
TYPES OF AIRDROP
20-9. The type of load determines the type of airdrop. The three types of airdrop are low velocity (LV), high
velocity (HV), and free-drop. The type of airdrop normally determines the location of the control center.
Table 20-5 shows the minimum airdrop altitudes, by aircraft, load, and parachute type. The airdrops are
explained as follows:
High velocity. A drogue chute stabilizes and keeps equipment upright but does not slow the descent
(for example, a 12-foot, high velocity parachute on a door bundle).
Low velocity. A parachute slows the rate of descent for a soft landing (for example, personnel and
cargo parachutes).
Free drop. This is cargo that has no device to stabilize or slow the rate of descent (for example,
durable items such as clothing bundles).
October 2013
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20-3
Chapter 20
Table 20-3. Minimum aerial delivery altitudes

PERSONNEL
Tactical Training ............................................................................................. 800 ft
Basic Airborne Trainees ................................................................... ..1250 ft
SATB..500 ft
TTB (Use standard drop altitude of simulated
load)500 ft
Door bundles G-14 or T-10(C-17) 300 ft
Door bundles G-14 (C-130) 300 ft
Door bundles T-10 (C-130) 400 ft
Door bundles LCLA (C-130 150 ft
CONTAINER DELIVERY SYSTEM

G-12D:
1 to 6 bundles, single parachute ............................................. 400 ft

7 or more bundles, single parachute ....................................... 600 ft
Cluster of 2 parachutes........................................................... 600 ft
G-12E:
Single parachute .................................................................... 400 ft
G-12E:
Cluster of 2 ............................................................................. 550 ft
G-13:
Single parachute or cluster of 2 .............................................. 400 ft
Cluster of 3 ............................................................................. 500 ft
G-14:
Single parachute or cluster of 2 .............................................. 300 ft
Cluster of 3 ............................................................................. 400 ft
12-Foot High Velocity ..................................................................................... 400 ft
26-Foot High Velocity ..................................................................................... 500 ft
LCLA Single parachute .... 150 ft
SATB-C/TTB
See parachute load to be simulated
HEAVY EQUIPMENT
G-12E: ........................................................................................................... 550 ft
G-11A:
Single parachute .................................................................... 900 ft

Cluster of 2 to 7 .................................................................... 1100 ft
Cluster of 8 ........................................................................... 1300 ft
G-11C:
Cluster of 8 ........................................................................... 1300 ft
SATB-H/TTB
Notes:
(See parachute load to be simulated.)

1.
Combination drops will use the highest airdrop altitude.
ROTARY-WING AERIAL DELIVERY

Personnel: Day or night
Below 90 KIAS ..................................................................... 1500 ft
90 KIAS or greater (CH aircraft) minimum ............................ 1250 ft
Maximum altitude for static line jump .................................... 2999 ft
Bundles:
Day......................................................................................... 300 ft
Night....................................................................................... 500 ft
ACCESS TO AREA
20-10. The unit must have access to and from the DZ to recover equipment or conduct troop movement. Drop
zones with no roads leading to them or those next to a river with no bridges are examples of impeded
access to areas.
SIZE
20-11. The following information provides minimum peacetime sizes when using fixed-wing and rotary-wing
aircraft and must be adhered to unless a waiver is issued in writing in accordance with service regulations.
20-4
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October 2013
Procedures
During contingency or wartime missions, DZ sizes may also be waived. However, size requirements
remain a joint responsibility of the COMALF and the airborne commander.
Note. To convert yards to meters, multiply yards times .9144 (yards by .9144). To convert meters to
yards, divide meters by .9144 (meters .9144).
PERSONNEL FROM MILITARY ROTARY-WING AND FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT

20-12. The distance required for personnel/door bundles for GMRS/VIRS drop zones is determined by the use
of the formula D=RT. The minimum size is 275 meters by 275 meters (for a single ship USASOC and
other service mission).
20-13. Refer to the following CARP chart to determine size requirements for all CARP drop zones and
GMRS/VIRS equipment drops.
October 2013
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20-5
Chapter 20
Table 20-4. Computed air release point chart

ALTITUDE
(AGL)
WIDTH
(NOTE 1,2,4)
LENGTH (NOTE 3,4)
C-130 CDS/ CRS/ CRL/ LCADS-LV
To 600 feet
Above 600 feet
400 yards/
366 meters
Single
containers
Double
containers
1-2
400 yards/355 meters
3-4
5-6
7-8
5-8
9-16
9-12
10-24
Add 40 yards/36 meters to width and length for each 100 feet above 600 feet
(add 20 yards/18 meters to each side of DZ, 20 yards/18 meters to each end).
CDS - Container Delivery System
CRS - Container Release System
CRL - Container Ramp Loads
LCADS-LV - Low Cost Aerial Delivery System-Low Velocity
CDS/LCADS-LV (C-17)
To 600 feet
Above 600 feet
450 yards/
412 meters
Single
containers
1
Double
containers
1-2
3-4
5-6
4-8
7-16
9-14
17-28
15-20
29-40
High Velocity (HV) CDS/HV-LCADS (using 12-, 22-, or 26-foot ring slot parachutes)
To 3000 feet
Above 3000 feet

Add 50 yards/46 meters to trailing edge for each
additional row of containers
Add 25 yards/23 meters to each side and 100 yards/91 meters to each end for
every 1000 feet increase in drop altitude.
High Altitude Airdrop Resupply System CDS

To 3000 feet
Above 3000 feet
1-8 containers
9 or more containers
Add 25 yards/23 meters to each side and 50 yards/46 meters to each end for
every 1000 feet increase in drop altitude.
High Speed Low Level Aerial Delivery System

20-6
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Procedures
Table 20-5. Computed air release point chart (continued)

ALTITUDE
(AGL)
WIDTH
(NOTE 1,2,4)
LENGTH (NOTE 3,4)

Personnel (Static Line)
1 Parachutist
To 1000 feet
Above 1000 feet

Add 75 yards/69 meters to trailing edge
for each additional parachutist (PI for
600 yards/
Additional
Special Tactics, Pararescue, and RQS
549 meters
parachutists
assigned or supporting SERE
personnel). Include safety zone if
required.
Heavy Equipment
1 Platform
To 1100 feet
Above 1100 feet
To 1200 feet
Above 1200 feet

Note.

Add 400 yards/366 meters
600 yards/
Additional
(C-130), 500 yards/457 meters (C-17) to
549 meters
platforms
the trailing edge for each additional
platform
Add 30 yards/28 meters to the width and length for each 100 feet above 1100
feet (add 15 yards/14 meters to each side of DZ, 15 yards/14 meters to each
end.
C-127 Dual Row Airdrop System
1 Platform
Additional
Add 400 yards/366 meters to the trailing
Platforms
edge for each additional platform
Add 30 yards/28 meters to the width and length for each 100 feet above 1200
feet (add 15 yards/14 meters to each side of DZ, 15 yards/14 meters to each
end).
18-foot platforms: The number of platforms used to calculate the minimum size
drop zone is determined by platform placement as well as the number of
platforms actually on board the aircraft. The number of empty positions aft of
an actual platform/pallet being dropped must be added to the overall number of
pallets. For example, one platform in position 1L, and one platform in position
4R would require calculations based on five platforms.
600 yards/
549 meters
463L or 8-foot training platforms: Minimum drop zone size is 1600 yards long
by 600 yards wide for the two or three pallet/platform training configuration.
C-130E, H, J/C-17 JPADS Guided Systems (Note 5)
Airdrop
Altitude (AGL)
<9000
9000 - 15,000
15,000 -25,000
>25,000
October 2013
Minimum DZ Size (Radius)

Meters
Yards
300
500
700
No data
328
546
765
No data
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20-7
Chapter 20
Table 20-6. Computed air release point chart (continued)

Notes:
1. C-130 DZ width adjustments (N/A for combat search and rescue assigned/gained aircraft,
or Air Force Special Operations Command assigned/gained aircraft operational control to
U.S. Special Operations Command or a theater special operations command):
a. Day visual formations; increase width by 100 yards/92 meters (50 yards/46 meters on
each side).
b. Night visual single ship; increase width by 100 yards/92 meters (50 yards/46 meters on
each side). (N/A for C-130J [Global Positioning Systems] GPS drops.)
c. Night visual formation; increase width by 200 yards/184 meters (100 yards/92 meters on
each side).
d. Station keeping equipment formation; increase width by 400 yards/366 meters (200
yards/184 m on each side).
2. C-17 DZ width adjustments (more than one may be required):
a. Day/night visual formation, increase width by 100 yards/92 meters (50 yards/46 meters
on each side).
b. Night pilot directed airdrops; increase width by 100 yards/92 meters (50 yards/46 meters
on each). (N/A for C-17 GPS drops.)
c. Station keeping equipment formation (heavy equipment/CDS); increase width by 400
yards/366 meters (200 yards/183 meters on each side).
d. Personnel formation, minimum DZ basic width using center PIs is 1240 yards for two-ship
elements and 1800 yards for three-ship elements. When using offset PIs, minimum basic
width is 1050 yards for two-ship elements and 1300 yards for three-ship elements. Drop
altitude adjustments from chart still apply.
3. Length adjustments (N/A for AFSOC assigned/gained, aircraft OPCON to USSOCOM, or a
theater special operations command).
a. Night visual airdrops; increase length by 100 yards/92 meters (50 yards/46 meters on
each end).
4. I-CDS DZ length and width requirements will be in accordance with AF INSTRUCTION 13217 and normal high-altitude CDS/high-velocity Container Delivery Systems adjustments
in Table 2.1.
5. Normal training minimum Joint Precision Air Drop System (JPADS) DZ size requirements:
a. These minimum DZ size requirements are for normal JPADS training outside of Yuma
Proving Grounds. The DZ size requirements at YPG are at the discretion AMC/A3D,
Natick Soldier Systems Center and YPG as necessary for testing, development and
evaluation of JPADS. JPADS upgrade training for aircrews may occur at YPG or DZ
sizes smaller than stated above with the concurrence of AMC/A3 D.
b. During contingency use, recommended minimum JPADS DZ size is 200-300 meters
(218-328 yards) radius circular. Ultimately, minimum JPADS DZ size rests with the user
and the joint force commander (or director of mobility forces is so delegated).
SECTION II AIRDROP RELEASE METHODS AND PERSONNEL

20-14. The number and type of aircraft that air delivers personnel and equipment, using one of the four
methods, usually dictate the type and composition of the ground support party, which can be tailored for a
mission.
Note. The unit mission request for aircraft specifies the type of drop method to be used, such as
CARP, GMRS, VIRS, or WSVC, and the composition of the ground support party (STS and DZSO;
DZST and or DZSO).
20-8
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October 2013
Procedures
METHODS
20-15. To ensure accurate delivery on the DZ, JMs use four different methods. Each method uses various
input from the ground and air in the calculation formula.
COMPUTED AIR RELEASE POINT

20-16. The CARP is the most often used method in aerial delivery for conventional airborne operations. The
CARP is computed by the aircrew (navigator) and determines the release point from the air.
GROUND MARKING RELEASE SYSTEM

20-17. The GMRS is the method used mostly by SOF. The GMRS is computed by the DZSTL and determines
the release point from the ground.
VERBALLY INITIATED RELEASE SYSTEM

20-18. The VIRS is one of the two methods used by services (Army and USMC) having rotary-wing and
fixed-wing aircraft for small DZs, for dropping a specified number of personnel. VIRS is computed by the
DZSTL; the release point is indicated by an oral command to the aircraft.
WIND STREAMER VECTOR COUNT

20-19. The WSVC is one of two methods used by services having rotary-wing and fixed-wing aircraft for DZs
for dropping a specified number of personnel. The release point is JM directed and is the only method not
requiring markings on the DZ.
ORGANIZATION
20-20. To become operational, drop zones require key personnel to be located on the DZ for controlling,
marking, medical evacuating, wind readings, and malfunctions.
U.S. AIR FORCE SPECIAL TACTICAL SQUADRON AND DROP ZONE SUPPORT OPERATIONS
20-21. The STS and DZSO personnel are normally used in joint airborne operations of more than four troop
carrier aircraft. Reference MOA 87 airdrop operations without STS.
DROP ZONE SUPPORT TEAM

20-22. The DZST consists of trained military personnel. It is normally used in small joint airborne operations
involving four or fewer troop carrier aircraft. CARP, GMRS, JSJR, WSVC, or VIRS is used.
DROP ZONE SUPPORT TEAM LEADER

20-23. Acting alone, without CTT support, the DZSTL operates the drop zone, with a small number of aircraft
dropping a limited number of personnel. The airdrop release method used is CARP or GMRS, or, if rotarywing and small fixed-wing aircraft are employed, VIRS or WSVC.
DROP ZONE SAFETY OFFICER DUTIES

20-24. When the USAF CTT is supporting an airborne operation, the DZSO is the airborne commanders
direct representative on the drop zone. He is responsible for the safe operation of the DZ. No personnel or
equipment is dropped if the DZSO is not physically on the DZ. The USAF CTT and Army DZSO have
specific duties, which are discussed as follows:
Note. The prerequisites to perform the duties of the DZSO are outlined in Chapter 7.
October 2013
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20-9
Chapter 20
SPECIAL DUTIES
20-25. The duties of the DZSO are
Coordinating with the USAF STT.
Ensuring the drop zone is fully operational one hour before drop time.
Ensuring the drop zone is opened through range control and ensuring it is closed when accountability
of personnel, air items, and equipment is completed.
Before the drop, conducting ground or aerial reconnaissance of the DZ for obstacles or safety
hazards.
Collocating with USAF STT and taking initial wind readings one hour before the scheduled drop
time.
Establishing communications with the DACO NLT one hour before drop time.
Conducting continuous surface wind readings NLT 12 minutes before the scheduled drop. Giving the
CLEAR TO DROP or NO DROP to the STS (if present to relay to aircraft) two minutes before the
scheduled drop.
Monitoring surface winds from the parachutists point of impact and at the highest point of
elevation on the drop zone. A NO DROP situation exists when surface winds exceed the maximum
allowable limits (13 knots) within 10 minutes of the actual drop.
Controlling all ground and air medical evacuations. Priority for airspace MUST be given to medical
evacuations. This is particularly important when rescue or medical aircraft are involved, since they
may delayed if follow-on airborne operations continue.
Ensuring that any water obstacle is covered by a boat detail. A boat detail is required if the water
obstacle is more than four-feet deep and 40-feet wide and is within 1000 meters from any portion of
the surveyed DZ.
Submitting post-mission reports (for example, USAF FORM 4304 or incident/accident forms) to the
appropriate agency.
Notifying the DACO immediately upon notification of a parachute malfunction from the malfunction
officer. The DACO will immediately notify the TALCE of a parachute malfunction.
Note. The CLEAR TO DROP or NO DROP that is relayed at two minutes does not indicate the final
wind reading. If surface winds increase beyond authorized limits, a NO DROP can be relayed at any
time thereafter. If readings exceed the limits, the DZSO must reestablish a 10-minute window.
SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS
20-26. These apply to multiple aircraft formations (fixed-wing aircraft), personnel, and equipment, or to single
aircraft operations on drop zones more than 2100 meters in length or with a 20-second exit time (green
light).
The DZSO ensures the ground support team is in place on the DZ one hour before the drop. The
support team includes:
Assistant DZSO (not required for USN or USAF operations).
Two medical personnel (with two M997 field litter ambulances (FLAs)); USMC/USN/USAF
require one qualified support person.
Malfunction officer (with camera).
Parachute recovery detail (with saw and tree climbing equipment).
Parachute turn in detail (with vehicles).
Radiosone for the DZSO and one for the assistant DZSO (minimum).
AnemometersServices should only use approved anemometers to measure surface winds during
all personnel and cargo parachute operations. The approved anemometers are the DIC, DIC3,
Turbometer, and AN/PMQ 3A. The AN/ML433A/PM and the anemometers that use floating balls
or small floating lightweight aluminum devices in a tube are not authorized for use during
20-10
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October 2013
Procedures
personnel or cargo airdrop operations. The DIC, DIC3, and Turbometer cannot be calibrated; they
must be given an expedient check just before use.
Ensure fresh batteries are installed in the anemometer.
Check the anemometer in a no wind condition such as in a vehicle cab or a building. Turn on the
anemometer and, if any reading other than zero registers, the anemometer is not fit for use and must
be discarded.
Use a three anemometer check by comparing the reading on three anemometers in identical
conditions. Discard the one anemometer that doesnt read the same as the other two.
The Turbometer must be held within 20 degrees of wind line with the wind entering the rear of the
meter to ensure accurate readings.
Calibration requirements for the AN/PMQ 3A will be conducted in accordance with appropriate
TMs. Other anemometers not tested and recommended for use should be employed only after a
command initiated risk assessment is completed. Regardless of the method or device used to measure
DZ winds, the airborne commander is responsible for ensuring winds on the DZ do not exceed 13
knots during static line personnel airdrops.
Compasses two (one each for the DZSO and the assistant DZSO).
Smoke grenades.
Vehicles.
Road guards.
Military police (to control vehicles and spectators or appropriate crowd control).
Boat detail.
Note. These requirements may be supplemented based on the type of drop, size of operation, number
of aircraft, number of parachutists, and geographical location of the DZ.
For single aircraft (no more than a 20-second exit time or no more than 2100 meters of usable DZ),
the composition of a partial control group is as follows:
Assistant DZSO (DZSTL qualification is not required).
Wind reading from a single location on the DZ.
One medic (with FLA); USMC/USN require one qualified Navy corpsman.
Malfunction officer (with camera, binoculars, and NVDs for night operations).
Parachute recovery detail.
Radio.
AnemometersServices should only use approved anemometers to measure surface winds during
all personnel and cargo parachute operations. The approved anemometers are the DIC, DIC3,
Turbometer, and AN/PMQ 3A. The AN/ML433A/PM and the anemometers that use floating balls
or small floating lightweight aluminum devices in a tube are not authorized for use during
personnel or cargo airdrop operations. The DIC, DIC3, and Turbometer cannot be calibrated; they
must be given an expedient check just before use.
Ensure fresh batteries are installed in the anemometer.
Check the anemometer in a no wind condition such as in a vehicle cab or a building. Turn on the
anemometer and, if any reading other than zero registers, the anemometer is not fit for use and must
be discarded.
Use a three anemometer check by comparing the reading on three anemometers in identical
The turbometer must be held within 20 degrees of wind line with the wind entering the rear of the
Calibration requirements for the AN/PMQ 3A will be conducted in accordance with appropriate
TMs. Other anemometers not tested and recommended for use should be employed only after a
command initiated risk assessment is completed. Regardless of the method or device used to measure
DZ winds, the airborne commander is responsible for ensuring winds on the DZ do not exceed 13
knots during static line personnel airdrops.
October 2013
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20-11
Chapter 20
Compass.
Smoke grenades.
Boat detail and road guards.

The DZSO has operational responsibility for the drop zone. In addition to the DZSOs duties for drop
zones, the DZSO must also
Be positioned at the point of impact 15 minutes before drop time. The assistant DZSO is at the
highest point of the drop zone or at the opposite end. For combination airdrop operations, the
DZSO/DZSTL must follow the procedures for heavy drop operations, but observe the jumpers as
they exit the aircraft.
Relay a ground weather decision and CLEAR TO DROP or NO DROP signal to the lead aircraft
two minutes before the drop for each pass.
During night drops, ensure all lights that are on or next to the drop zone and are not a part of the
Drop Zone Marking System are turned off five minutes before drop time and remain off during the
drop (except those lights that mark obstacles).
Contact the pilot of the aircraft immediately after the drop and ask if any personnel or equipment
did not drop. He relays this information to the airborne commander on the drop zone.
When advised of the coordination appointment by the airborne commander or his representative, the
DZSO is furnished the following information:
Number of lifts.
Type of aircraft.
Drop zone requirements.
Unit SOP.
Station time.
Drop time.
Number of personnel for each pass.
DROP ZONE SUPPORT TEAM/LEADER DUTIES

20-27. In operations in which the STS is not present, the DZSTL has overall responsibility for the conduct of
operations on the drop zone. He represents both the airborne and airlift commanders. The DZSTL assumes
all the responsibilities normally associated with the USAF STS and DZSO. (Refer to DZSO MOA between
USAF and Army/USMC/Navy dated 26 June 1987.) Below are the DZST responsibilities:
DZSTs have the primary mission of supporting wartime CDS airdrops for battalion size units and
below. and DZSTs mission during peacetime will include airdrops of personnel, CDS, and heavy
equipment for one to four aircraft operations. With some exceptions, these primary mission airdrops
are limited to day and night visual conditions.
DZSTs also maintain the secondary mission of supporting other types of airdrops. The secondary
missions may include wartime force projection and sustainment of personnel, equipment, and CDS;
peacetime airdrops under Adverse Weather Aerial Delivery System (AWADS) and instrument
meteorological conditions (IMC) conditions; and visual meteorological conditions (VMC) formation
drops with four or more aircraft.
The DZST consists of one or more individuals. More members may be required, depending on the
complexity of the mission. The senior member of the DZST functions as the DZSTL. For
combination airdrop operations, the DZSO/DZSTL must follow the procedures for heavy drop
operations, but observe the jumpers as they exit the aircraft.
If an individual assumes the duties of both the DZSO and the DZSTL, he also is responsible for the
following:
Conducting pre-mission coordination.
Evaluating the DZ for suitability and safe operating conditions.
Ensuring all DZ markings are properly displayed.
Operating all visual acquisition aids.
Ensuring NO DROP signals are relayed to the aircraft.
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Procedures
October 2013
Once the DZSTL has been notified and assigned a mission, he must conduct accurate pre-mission
coordination. The recommended DZST crew mission briefing checklist (See Figure 20-1.) reflects
the minimum essential information that must be addressed and confirmed by the DZSTL. Normally,
peacetime drops should employ every acquisition aid and safety device available, including air-toground radio communications, pilot balloon (PIBAL) mean effective wind measurement, air traffic
control light gun, and smoke or flares. During contingency or wartime operations, limited airdrop
support equipment is available; therefore, it is important for pre-mission coordination and briefings
to be comprehensive with respect to visual signals (drop cancellation, postponement, and
authentication procedures). The coordination must be timely to ensure the DZST has enough time for
planning and for moving to and establishing the drop zone.
TC 3-21.220
20-13
Chapter 20
BRIEFING CHECKLIST
20-28. Figure 20-1 shows a recommended DZST/aircrew mission briefing checklist.
DZ name/location and JA/ATT mission sequence number verified: _____________________________________

TOT(s) block time (NO DROP procedures, for example, race track): ___________________________________
Valid DZ survey (date) verified: ________________________________________________________________
Type drop (HE, CDS, PE [as in personnel]): _______________________________________________________
Type release (VIRS, CARP, GMRS, AWADS, WSVC, visual): _______________________________________
Type parachutes: ____________________________________________________________________________
Ground quick disconnects: ____________________________________________________________________
Number of jumpers/bundles: ___________________________________________________________________
Number and type of aircraft: ___________________________________________________________________
DZ information: _____________________________________________________________________________
MARKING/SIGNALS
Panels/lights: _______________________________________________________________________________
Block letter identification: _____________________________________________________________________
Smoke, flares: ______________________________________________________________________________
Emergency NO DROP procedures: ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Mission cancellation indication _________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
DZ SUPPORT CAPABILITITES:
Radios available/frequencies: __________________________________________________________________
Visual acquisition aids available: _______________________________________________________________
Navigational aids (NAVAIDS) available: _________________________________________________________
MEW equipment: ___________________________________________________________________________
Airspace coordination verified: _________________________________________________________________
Aircraft (mission) commanders name, unit of assignment, telephone number: ____________________________
DZSTL name, rank, unit of assignment, telephone number: ___________________________________________
Drop score/incident/accident reporting procedure: ___________________________________________________
Figure 20-1. Drop zone support team/aircrew mission briefing checklist
EQUIPMENT
20-29. The DZSTL should maintain an inventory of basic equipment to support an airdrop mission:
VS 17 panels.
Smoke (red, yellow, green).
White omnidirectional or infrared (IR) lights.
Amber rotating beacon.
Air traffic control gun, SE-11 light gun, or 4 cell MAGLITE flashlight.
20-14
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
Procedures
Note. ATC gun requires a special power source and plug to function properly.
Signal mirror.
Binoculars.
Night vision goggles for night operations.
Compass.
Signal flares.
PIBAL system with helium source.
Note. Other items of equipment/signals may be required by per mission coordination and mission
complexity.
October 2013
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20-15
Chapter 21
Formulas and Computations

Once the composition of the ground party and the selection of a drop zone have been
established, several technical aspects must be considered and planned for marking the
DZ. These technical aspects are critical because of the data that must be used (ground,
winds, drift distance formula, forward throw, release point).
SECTION I GROUND MARKING/VERBALLY INITIATED RELEASE SYSTEMS

21-1. The procedures described below are for applying the distance and time formulas to GMRS and VIRS.
DISTANCE FORMULA (D = RT)

21-2. Compute DZ length for a specific mission by using the D = RT formula. (D is the required length of the
DZ in meters; R is the ground speed of the aircraft in meters per second; and T is the time required for the
aircraft to release its cargo.) To use this formula, some conversions and mathematics are required.
AIR SPEED CONVERSION TO GROUND SPEED

21-3. To find the aircraft ground speed, convert aircraft airspeed (expressed in knots) to ground speed (meters
per second). Do this by multiplying knots times .51 (knots by .51) (one knot equals .51 meter per second). (See
Tables 20-1 and 20-2 for assistance in estimating aircraft airspeeds.)
TIME OVER DZ REQUIREMENT

21-4. To determine the time over the DZ that is needed to release a parachutist or equipment, use the following
factors:
Allow one second for each parachutist to exit the aircraft; do not include the first parachutist (10
parachutists require nine seconds). (Mathematically, this is represented as 10 x633663 1 1.)
Allow three seconds per bundle to exit the aircraft; do not include the first bundle (three bundles
would require six seconds). (Mathematically, this is represented as 3 x 3 3.)
Personnel jumping T-10 series parachutes may exit both doors simultaneously. The door with the
most parachutists is used to calculate the time required.
EXAMPLE
21-5. What length DZ would eight jumpers require when jumping from an aircraft flying at a drop speed of 90
knots?
Step 1. Solve for R (answer is expressed in meters per second): airspeed by .51 (90 knots by .51) =
45.90 meters per second.
Step 2. Solve for T (answer is expressed in seconds): number of jumpers by 1 the first jumper (8 by 1
1) = 7 seconds.
Step 3. Solve for D (answer is expressed in meters): 45.90 meters per second by seven seconds =
321.30 meters. Always round up to the nearest whole number. Therefore, D = 322 meters, which is
the length.
Step 4. Always add a 200-meter buffer (100 meters to lead ledge/100 meters to trail edge) for any
drop involving personnel. Therefore, 322 meters + 200 meters = 522 meters, the required DZ length.
October 2013
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21-1
Chapter 21
TIME FORMULA (T = D/R)

21-6. Solving this formula provides the seconds required to exit the jumpers over the DZ (time = meters
divided by meters per second). If a DZ less than the required length must be used, compute the flight time over
the DZ to determine how much of the load can be released in one pass. Use the T = D/R formula: T is the time
the aircraft is over the DZ in seconds, D is the length of the DZ in meters, and R is the ground speed (rate) of
the aircraft in meters per second.
AIRSPEED CONVERSION
21-7. Convert the aircrafts airspeed (expressed in knots) to its ground speed (expressed in meters per second)
as in the D = RT formula (knots by.51). Round up the answer to the next whole number.
DETERMINATION OF T
21-8. Divide the ground speed conversion number into D (the DZ length minus the 200-meter buffer for all
drops involving personnel); this determines T. Any fractional answer is rounded down to the next whole
number.
EXAMPLE
21-9. How many parachutists from a CH-47 (drop speed of 90 knots) can land on a 750 meter DZ each pass?
To figure it out, use the following:
T = Number of parachutists.
D = DZ length is 750 meters (given).
R = Airspeed is 46 meters per second (90 knots .51 = 45.9; round up to 46).
Solution: T = D/R (D divided by R).
D/R = 750 meters - 200 meters = 550 divided by 46 meters per second = 11.9 seconds.
T = 11 seconds (round down).
Eleven seconds over DZ by one parachutist per second + 1 parachutist (the first parachutist exiting
the aircraft does not affect the number of seconds spent over the DZ) = 12 parachutists. Thus, 12
parachutists per pass can land on the 750 meter DZ.
SECTION II WIND DRIFT

21-10. Two means of determining wind drift are the WSVC method and the Distance - Constant Velocity
(D = KAV) formula.
WIND STREAMER VECTOR COUNT

21-11. The WSVC method (See Figure 21-1.) is used when the release point is determined from the air. It is
normally JM executed and does not require markings to be placed on the DZ. Below are the procedures for
wind streamer vector count:
Streamer Drop. On the first aircraft pass over the desired point of impact, a streamer is dropped
from the aircraft. The aircraft then turns to allow the JM to keep the streamer in sight. The pilot
adjusts his route so that the flight path is over the streamer on the ground and the desired impact
point (in a straight line).
Count. As the aircraft passes over the streamer, the JM begins a count, stopping the count directly
over the impact point. He immediately begins a new count. When that count equals the first count,
the aircraft is over the release point for the first parachutist.
Aircraft Flight Adjustment. The pilot then maneuvers the aircraft to fly along the axis of the DZ
and over the release point. Slight adjustments may be made by observing the parachutists as they
land on the DZ. Table 20-4 shows airdrop altitudes for different types of training missions.
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TC 3-21.220
October 2013
Note. Avoid using this method for tactical employment, since the aircraft must make multiple passes
over the DZ.
Figure 21-1. Determination of the release point by WSVC
D = KAV FORMULA
21-12. This is another method for determining the effects of wind on a parachute: D = drift of parachute (in
meters) from a given altitude; K = constant that represents the typical drift characteristic for a type of parachute.
These constants are
1.5 for cargo parachutes and heavy equipment.
3.0 for personnel parachutes.
2.4 for standardized airborne training bundles.
21-13. A = Drop Altitude (expressed in hundreds of feet AGL); and V = velocity of wind. The mean effective
wind (MEW) should be used for personnel. MEW is the preferred method for all other types of loads; however,
the surface wind may be used during low risk operations.
Note. If aircraft must be shut down for a long period, a wind drift indicator should be thrown at the
last release point to ensure the release point is still valid.
EXAMPLE
21-14. An aircraft is dropping cargo from 500 feet AGL with a surface wind of 10 knots. What is the
calculated parachute drift? (The parachute drift is calculated using the D = KAV formula.)
October 2013
TC 3-21.220
21-3
Chapter 21
D = Wind induced drift in meters.

K = Wind drift constant for type of parachute.
A = Drop altitude expressed in hundreds of feet (500 feet would be expressed as 5).
V = Velocity of wind in knots (either MEW or surface wind measurement).
Step 1: K = 1.5 (cargo parachute or HE constant).
Step 2: A = 5 (500 feet).
Step 3: V = 10 (10 knots).
Step 4: D = 1.5 by 5 10 = 75.0, or 75 meters of drift. (Any fractional answer is rounded up to the
nearest whole number.)
SECTION III WIND VELOCITY

21-15. There are two options are available for determining wind velocity: mean effective wine and surface
wind measurement.
MEAN EFFECTIVE WIND

21-16. The most effective option is the use of MEW. This reading is a constant wind speed average from drop
altitude to the ground. The PIBAL system determines the MEW. This system should be used when possible; it
is more reliable than the other option, which measures surface wind velocity only.
SURFACE WIND MEASUREMENT

21-17. Either the AN/PMQ 3A or commercial anemometers authorized by USAIS messages DTG 101000Z
MAR 94, subject: Use of Anemometers During Airdrop Operations, and DTG 211200Z OCT 94, subject: Use
of Turbometer During Static Line Airdrop Operations, are recommended for use. Other anemometers not
recommended for use should be employed only after a command initiated risk assessment is completed.
Regardless of the method or device used to measure DZ winds, the airborne commander is responsible for
ensuring winds on the DZ do not exceed 13 knots during static line personnel airdrops.
EQUIPMENT
21-18. The equipment needed to compute the MEW by the PIBAL method is as follows:
Helium source.
Pilot balloons (10 or 30 grams).
Clinometers or other devices for measuring from zero to 90 degrees.
Balloon measuring tape (to measure balloon circumference) (10 gram: 57 inches day, 74 inches
night; 30 gram: 78 inches day, 94 inches night).
PIBAL lighting units (Type 5) for night use (liquid activated lights).
Compass.
Conversion charts (10 and 30 gram). (See Tables 21-1 and 21-2.)
Watch with second hand.
PROCEDURE
21-19. The procedures for measuring MEW using the PIBAL are:
Fill the 10 gram or 30 gram balloon with helium to the required size.
Check the conversion chart for drift time to drop altitude (Tables 21-2 and 21-3).
Release the balloon and begin timing.
Keep the balloon in sight.
Once the required time has elapsed, determine the azimuth to the balloon with the compass and read
the degrees from the drift scale.
21-4
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
Refer to the conversion chart and read down the angle column to the number closest to the angle on
the scale.
Read across the top of the chart (altitude in feet) to the drop altitude in use. Read down this column
until the two lines (6 and 7) intersect.
Where the two lines intersect is the MEW at drop altitude, in knots. The direction of the MEW is the
back azimuth of the compass reading that was taken at the same time as the angle measurement.
The MEW becomes the variable V in the D = KAV formula to determine the amount of drift in
meters.
Table 21-1. Conversion chart for 10 gram helium (pilot) balloons
WIND SPEED IN KNOTS
10-GRAM HELIUM BALLOON
Inflate balloon to 57 circumference for day and 74 circumference for night.
ELEVATION ANGLE
DROP ALTITUDE IN FEET

500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
70
02
02
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
60
03
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
55
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
TIME
ALT
(FT)
50
04
04
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
0:10
80
45
05
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
0:20
170
40
06
05
05
05
05
05
05
04
04
04
04
04
0:30
250
35
07
06
06
06
06
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
0:40
330
30
08
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
06
06
06
06
0:50
400
25
10
09
09
09
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
1:02
500
24
11
10
09
09
09
09
08
08
08
08
08
08
1:10
540
23
11
10
10
09
09
09
09
08
08
08
08
08
1:20
610
22
12
11
10
10
10
10
09
09
09
09
09
09
1:23
670
21
12
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1:43
750
20
13
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
1:50
790
19
14
13
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
2:25
1000
18
15
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
2:44
1100
17
16
14
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
3:05
1250
16
17
15
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
3:49
1500
15
18
16
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
4:30
1750
14
19
17
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
5:11
2000
13
21
19
18
17
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
6:34
2500
12
22
20
19
19
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
7:58
3000
11
24
22
21
21
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
19
9:22
3500
10
27
25
23
23
22
22
22
21
21
21
21
21
10:44
4000
09
30
27
26
26
25
24
24
24
23
23
23
23
12:08
4500
October 2013
TC 3-21.220
ASCENSION
TABLE
21-5
Chapter 21
Table 21-2. Conversion chart for 30 gram helium (pilot) balloons

WIND SPEED IN KNOTS
30-GRAM HELIUM BALLOON
Inflate balloon to 78 circumference for day and 94 circumference for night.
ELEVATION ANGLE
DROP ALTITUDE IN FEET

500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
80
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
70
03
03
03
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
60
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
55
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
04
50
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
05
05
45
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
40
09
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
35
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
30
12
12
12
12
12
12
25
15
15
15
15
15
15
24
16
16
15
15
15
23
17
17
16
16
22
18
18
17
21
19
19
20
20
19
18
ASCENSION
TABLE
TIME
ALT
(FT)
04
0:10
120
05
05
0:20
240
06
06
06
0:30
360
08
08
08
08
0:42
500
10
09
09
09
09
0:50
600
12
11
11
11
11
11
1:02
750
14
14
14
14
14
14
1:10
830
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
1:17
1000
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
1:46
1250
17
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
2:10
1500
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
2:34
1750
20
19
19
19
19
18
18
18
18
18
17
2:56
2000
21
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
19
18
3:43
2500
22
22
21
21
21
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
4:31
3000
17
23
23
23
22
22
22
22
22
21
21
21
21
5:21
3500
16
25
25
24
24
24
24
23
23
23
23
22
22
6:09
4000
15
27
27
26
26
25
25
25
25
24
24
24
24
7:00
4500
14
29
19
18
17
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
25
13
31
20
19
19
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
27
SECTION IV FORWARD THROW

21-20. Forward throw is the effect that inertia has on a falling object. When an object leaves an aircraft, it is
traveling at a speed equal to the speed of the aircraft. The parachutist (or bundle) continues to move in the
direction of flight until the dynamics of parachuting takes effect.
ROTARY-WING AIRCRAFT
21-21. To determine the amount of forward throw for rotary-wing aircraft, divide the drop speed of the aircraft
in half. This yields the forward throw in meters. (For example, an aircraft flying at 70 knots would have a
forward throw of 35 meters.)
FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT
21-22. To determine the forward throw for fixed-wing aircraft, the following distances apply. (See Table 213.)
21-6
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October 2013
Table 21-3. Fixed-wing forward throw data

C-130
C-17
C-5
PERSONNEL/DOOR BUNDLES
229 METERS/
250 YARDS
229 METERS/
250 YARDS
229 METERS/
250 YARDS
HEAVY EQUIPMENT
458 METERS/
500 YARDS
6640 METERS/
700 YARDS
668 METERS/
730 YARDS
CONTAINER DELIVERY SYSTEMS
503 METERS/
550 YARDS
663 METERS/
725 YARDS
N/A
Note.
To convert yards to meters, multiply yards by .9144.

To convert meters to yards, divide meters by .9144.
SECTION V DROP HEADINGS, POINT OF IMPACT, WIND DRIFT

COMPENSATION, AND FORWARD THROW COMPENSATION
21-23. For CARP operations, the navigator onboard the aircraft determines when the load is to be released
from the aircraft (when the green light is turned on). For GMRS and VIRS operations, ground personnel
determine the release point. (See Figure 21-2.)
DROP HEADING
21-24. Drop heading on all DZs depends on three factorsthe long axis, prevailing winds, and obstacles on
approach and departure ends. The DZSO or DZSTL uses all three when the situation permits; however, the long
axis is the primary concern. With a GMRS, WSVC, or CARP DZ, drop heading can be obtained from USAF
Form 3823, Drop Zone Survey, (formerly MAC Form 339, Airdrop/Airland Extraction Zone Control Log). A
circular/random approach DZ does not have a set drop heading. The mission commander notifies the aircrew
and the DZ commander of the drop heading to be used NLT 24 hours in advance of the airdrop operation.
Note. On some DZs, predetermined drop headings must be used.
POINT OF IMPACT
21-25. The location selected where the first bundle or parachutist should land is known as the PI. The PI
should be located along the DZ centerline. However, due to the tactical situation, the PI may need to be located
near a wood line. The DZSO or DZSTL uses a buffer zone of 100 meters on each side of the DZ during
personnel drops for safety reasons. The PI location for GMRS, VIRS and WSVC is 100 meters in from the
leading edge centerline for personnel. The CARP PI is designated on USAF Form 3823 Survey (formerly MAC
Form 339).
WIND DRIFT COMPENSATION

21-26. To compensate for wind drift, the DZSO or DZSTL moves from the desired PI into the wind the
number of meters calculated using the D = KAV formula. (For example, if drift equals 350 meters from the PI,
he faces into the wind and walks 350 meters in a straight line.)
FORWARD THROW COMPENSATION

21-27. To compensate for aircraft forward throw, the DZSO or DZSTL faces the back azimuth of the drop
heading and walks the appropriate forward throw distance to the release point.
Note. A parachutes K factor is based on the parachutes flight characteristics, not on its mode of use.
In accordance with Chapter 2 of FM 4-20.103, the K factor for the T-10 series parachute used in the
cargo mode is the same (3.0) as for personnel drops using the T-10 series parachute.
October 2013
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21-7
Chapter 21
Figure 21-2. Release point location for VIRS and GMRS
21-8
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October 2013
Chapter 22
Establishment and Operation

Five methods may be used to establish or operate a drop zone. Three of these require
markings to be placed on the drop zone through the employment of the computed air
release point, ground marking release system , and verbally initiated release system. The
wind streamer vector count and Jumpmaster Spotted Jumpmaster Directed methods do
not require release point markings on the DZ.
SECTION I COMPUTED AIR RELEASE POINT

22-1. The CARP is used only by fixed-wing aircraft in conjunction with a combat control team or qualified
DZSTL. CARP points of impact are shown in Figures 22-1 and 22-2 and are as follows:
Personnel. For personnel, drops at the PI are 300 yards (day) or 350 yards (night) from the leading
edge.
CDS. For CDS bundles from a C-130, drops at the PI are 200 yards (day) or 250 yards (night) from
the leading edge. For CDS drops from a C-17, the PI is 225 yards (day) and 275 yards (night).
Heavy equipment. For heavy equipment, drops at the PI are 500 yards (day) or 550 yards (night)
from the leading edge.
Note. On surveyed DZs, the PI for a particular type load is predetermined. Its surveyed location can
be found on AF Form 3823 or MAC Form 339. (Use of MAC Form 339 is authorized until supplies
are exhausted. USAF is converting all MAC Forms 339 to AF Form 3823 when a DZ comes due for
recertification.)
NO-DROP COMMUNICATION TO AIRCRAFT

22-2. No-drop conditions are relayed to the aircraft in the following ways: red smoke, red flares, forming the
code letter into two parallel bars perpendicular to flight, or the absence of a planned signal. Forming the code
letter into an X indicates mission cancellation.
Note. The type of marking used for no-drop conditions is coordinated in the pre-mission briefing.
CONTROL CENTER
22-3. Control center locations (location of DZSTL) are as follows:
Personnel drops. Personal drops are normally located at the PI.
CDS drops. CDS is located 200 yards to the 6 oclock position of the PI.
Heavy equipment drops. Located 300 yards to the 6 oclock position of the PI.
Free drops, high velocity, AWADS. Heavy equipment, free drops, high velocity, and AWADS are
all off the DZ. For any nonpersonnel operation, the DZSTL uses the best vantage point off the DZ to
observe the airdrop if it cannot be accomplished from the 6 0clock position.
October 2013
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22-1
Chapter 22
Figure 22-1. Day CARP drop zone markings
Figure 22-2. Night CARP drop zone markings
SECTION II DROP ZONE MARKINGS

22-4. A marked DZ has a PI or release point marked with a precoordinated visual or electronic signal. Standard
DZ markings consist of raised angle markers (RAM), VS-17 marker panels, visible lighting systems, and light
beacons. Virtually any type of lighting or visual marking system is acceptable if all participating units are
briefed and concur. Night markings or visual acquisition aids may include a light gun, flares, fire pots, railroad
fuses, flashlights, chemical lights, and IR lighting systems. Electronic navigation aids markings (ZM, SST-181,
GAR-I, tactical aid to navigation (TACAN), and so forth) may be used for either day or night operations and
placed as directed by mission requirements.
22-2
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
DAY OPERATIONS
22-5. During day operations, the PI will be marked with a RAM or block letter. If authentication is required, a
block letter will be used instead of the RAM. Authorized letters for PI markings are A, C, J, R, and S. The block
letters H and O are authorized for random or circular approach DZs. The block letters should be aligned with
the surveyed DZ axis or with the aircraft line-of-flight, if different from the survey. The minimum size for block
letters is 35 feet (11 by 11 meters) and consists of at least nine marker panels.
NIGHT OPERATIONS
22-6. During night operations, the PI will be marked with a block letter. The minimum size is 35 feet by 35 feet
and consists of at least nine omnidirectional white lights with a recommended minimum output rating of 15
candela. The apex of the block letter will be located on the PI. If used, flanker lights will be omnidirectional
white lights, located 250 meters left and right abeam the PI. When used, the amber trailing edge beacon will be
placed along the surveyed DZ centerline 1000 meters from the PI, or at the DZ trailing edge, whichever is
closer to the PI. During pre-mission coordination for personnel drops, aircrews will identify their trailing edge
beacon requirements to STS or DZC. For all airdrops, the DZ identification must be coordinated and briefed to
the ground party and aircrews.
Note. Flanking lights and the amber rotating beacon are optional and can be used when coordinated
for with aircrews.
MISSION REQUIREMENTS
22-7. When mission requirements dictate and aircrews are qualified and equipped, IR lights may be substituted
for overt lights using the DZ marking patterns specified in paragraph 22-2b.
SECTION III GROUND MARKING RELEASE SYSTEM

22-8. The GMRS uses markings known as the four-panel inverted L, six-panel T, or seven panel H. The T or H
pattern is recommended for C-5 airdrops due to aircrafts side angle vision limitations.
INVERTED L MARKING
22-9. When the drop aircraft is 100 meters directly to the right of the corner panel, the drop is executed.
MARKING PLACEMENT FOR INVERTED L

22-10.
October 2013
Markings (four panels) are placed as follows (See Figure 22-3.):

From the RP, move 100 meters to the left (90 degrees) of drop heading for the location of the corner
panel. Emplace a VS-17G panel with the long axis of the panel parallel with the drop heading.
Elevate the panel at a 45-degree angle toward the approaching aircraft. This aids the aircrew and the
JM in visual identification of the DZ.
From the corner panel, move in the same direction as above for 50 meters for the location of the
alignment panel. Emplace this panel as described above.
From the alignment panel, move 150 meters (or edge of the drop zone) in the same direction as
above for the location of the flanker panel. Emplace this panel as described above.
From the corner panel, move 50 meters on a back azimuth of the drop heading for the location of the
approach panel. Emplace this panel the same as described above.
At night, replace all panels with a directional light. Lights may be shielded on three sides or placed in
pits.
The RP/CC must be distinguishably marked from all other markings on the DZ. NO DROP may be
signaled to the aircraft by red smoke, red flares, scrambled panels, or the absence of a planned signal.
TC 3-21.220
22-3
Chapter 22
MASK CLEARANCE
22-11. Since the aircraft is required to fly along the markings on the DZ, these markings must be visible to the
aircrew. The markings are placed where obstacles will not mask the pilots line of sight. As a guide, a mask
clearance ratio of 1:15 is used, which is, one unit of vertical clearance for every 15 units of horizontal clearance.
For example, if a DZ marker must be positioned near a terrain mask, such as the edge of a forest that is on the
DZ track, and the trees are 10 meters high (33 feet), the markings would require 150 meters (492 feet) of
horizontal clearance from the trees. (See Figure 22-3.) If the panels are in the masking ratio due to usable DZ
size restrictions, a far marker must be placed in line with the corner panel on drop heading where it can best be
observed by aircraft. This applies to static line jumps only.
CODE LETTERS
22-12. If any portion of the inverted L falls within a 15 to 1 (15:1) mask clearance ratio of obstacles on the
approach end of the DZ, a code letter (H, E, A, T) or far panel is required on the departure end of the DZ for
CDS or bundle drop and should be coordinated during the DZST/aircrew mission briefing. This far marking is
on line with the corner panel to allow the aircrew to begin alignment on the release point until the inverted L
comes into view. If a code letter is used, it can be used to distinguish the DZ from other DZs in the area.
22-4
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
Figure 22-3. Marking placement for inverted L and 15:1 mask clearance ratio
22-13. Six-panel T and seven panel H markings are illustrated below. (See Figures 22-4A and 22-4B.)
October 2013
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22-5
Chapter 22
Figure 22-4A. GMRS panel emplacement for T pattern
22-6
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October 2013
Figure 22-4B. GMRS panel emplacement for H pattern
VIRS FOR ROTARY AND FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT

22-14. VIRS is used to execute a drop over the RP by GTA verbal command. This method allows the conduct
of the operation with a minimum amount of prior DZ information and coordination. The aircraft flies the given
direction until the DZSTL sees the aircraft. A code letter (H,E,A,T) marks the RP. Once the crew identifies the
DZ, the radio operator directs the aircraft over the drop heading RP. When the aircraft is directly over the RP,
the command EXECUTE, EXECUTE, EXECUTE initiates the drop. (See Figure 22-5.)
October 2013
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22-7
Chapter 22
Figure 22-5. Army VIRS offset
DAY DZ MARKINGS
22-15. The actions described below are required for a day VIRS DZ.
Determination of Release Point

22-16. The DZSTL then places the code letter on the drop heading, with the base panel of the letter at the
release point. The code letter is formed by VS-17G panels placed together. Each letter is two panels high and
one panel wide.
Placement of Flank Panel

22-17. The flank panel is placed parallel to the code letter and aligned with the base panel. It is placed 200
meters to the left of the code letter (or at the edge of the DZ, whichever is closer).
Placement of Far Panel

22-18. The far panel is placed 500 meters from the base panel (or at the edge of the DZ, whichever is closer)
and on line with the drop heading.
Panel Construction
22-19. Both the far and flank panels consist of a single VS-17G panel. These panels may also be elevated at a
45-degree angle to improve visibility.
NIGHT DZ MARKINGS
22-20. The actions described below are required for a night VIRS DZ.
Use of Lights
22-21. The procedures for establishing the DZ are the same for night operations except that white light is used
for the code letter and far and flank markings.
22-8
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October 2013
Code Letter Construction

22-22. Each code letter is four lights high and three lights wide. There is a distance of five meters between each
light in the code letter. The far and flank lights are signal lights. Also, a white-and-red lens ATC (SE 11) light
should be located at the RP.
Security
22-23. Lights may be shielded on three sides or placed in pits to prevent enemy ground observation.
SECTION IV GUIDANCE PROCEDURES

22-24.
During Army DZ operations, the GTA is responsible for guiding the jump aircraft to the DZ, over
the DZ on the proper drop heading, and at the proper altitude and drop speed. He ensures the parachutists exit
the aircraft at the proper release point. Once the parachutists have exited the aircraft, the GTA must then clear
the aircraft from the control zone.
EXAMPLE
22-25.
The following is an example of how the aircraft is cleared:

Pilot: C3D36, this is A2A22, over.
GTA: A2A22, this is C3D36, over.
Pilot: D36, this is A22, CCP inbound for a personnel parachute drop, over.
GTA: A22, this is D36, state type and number, over.
Pilot: D36, A22 is a single UH-1H, over.
GTA: A22, this is D36,
Heading ___________ distance (from ccp).
Drop heading .
Drop altitude (feet indicated).
Drop speed.
Number jumpers/bundles that can be accepted.

GTA controller reads entire ATC block to the pilot and ends the transmission with: Continue
approach for visual identification, over.
Pilot: Wilco.
Upon sighting aircraft, the GTA tells the pilot: A22, this is D36, I am at your 11 oclock, 500
meters, signal out, can you identify, over?
Pilot: D36, A22 identifies orange panel, over.
GTA: A22, D36 has visual contact, turn to drop heading, over.
Pilot: D36, A22 turning drop heading, over.
GTA: A22, this is D36, steer left/right, over.
Pilot: D36, A22 roger.
GTA: A22, this is D36, on course, over.
Pilot: D36, A22 roger.
When aircraft is eight to 10 seconds out from release point: GTA: A22, this is D36, with six
jumpers, stand by, over.
PILOT: D36, this is A22, standing by, over.
When aircraft is directly over release point: GTA: A22, this is D36, with six jumpers, EXECUTE,
EXUTE, EXECUTE. (GTA must say EXECUTE or NO DROP at least three times, or until first
load exits.
At completion of operation, the GTA tells the pilot: A22, this is D36, I observe six jumpers away
and clear, state intention and report when clear of my control zone, (include issuing any advisories),
October 2013
TC 3-21.220
22-9
Chapter 22
over. (GTA must place aircraft into a closed traffic pattern with a reporting point if more than one
pass is required.)
JUMPMASTER SPOTTED AND JUMPMASTER RELEASE

22-26. Jumpmaster Spotted and Jumpmaster Release is used by USMC, Navy, and USSOCOM units. The
JSJR release point computation or spotting may be used from all types of aircraft. It is the same concept as
the calculations used for VIRS and GRMS however; it is used by the JM for spotting and determining the
release point from the aircraft. You will need a map of the drop zone 1:50,000 or 1:25,000, protractor, pencil,
and calculator. Plot the impact point (IP), canopy drift (CD), forward throw, RP, terrain feature, and wind
direction on the map using the procedures below.
Step 1.
Determine what effect the wind will have on the canopy using the wind drift formula
D=KAV as outlined in Chapter 21, page 21-3.
Step 2.
Using a protractor, plot the impact point on the map. Starting from the IP, plot the canopy
drift into the direction of the wind on a map.
Step 3.
Determine the forward throw of the aircraft as outlined in Chapter 21, page 21-8.
Step 4.
Starting at the CD, plot the forward throw opposite the direction of flight and mark this
on the map. This is called the release point.
Note. Continue with Steps 5 and 6 if the RP is not identifiable from the aircraft.
Step 5.
Locate a terrain feature that is on the inbound aircraft track and is as close as possible to
the RP. For example a road, hilltop, buildings, trees, river, bridge, or something identifiable from the
aircraft. Mark the terrain feature reference point on the map.
Step 6.
Determine the count (time in seconds), from the terrain feature reference point, to the
release point on the ground. The time/distance formula T = D/R is used, Chapter 21, page 21-2.
Step 7.
The JM starts spotting by guiding the aircraft to the intended release point by giving
the pilot flight corrections. The JM gives the GO when the aircraft is over the RP. If a terrain feature
reference point is used, the JM guides the aircraft to the terrain feature and starts his count. The
aircraft maintains heading, and the JM gives the GO at the end of the count RP. The jumpers exit the
aircraft at the RP and forward throw to the CD. The canopy drift will take effect, and the first jumper
will land on the IP.
EXAMPLE
22-27. Determine the count in seconds and RP for a CH-46 flying at 270 degrees, dropping four jumpers
equipped with MC-1-1C parachutes from an altitude of 1500 feet AGL in 10 knot winds from 060 degrees. The
drop speed is 80 KIAS. The nearest terrain feature on the aircraft track is 165 meters away.
Step 1. D = KAV.
D = 3.0 by 15 by 10.
D = 450 meters.
Step 2. Plot on the map.
Step 3 Forward throw, A/C speed - 80 knots.
80 by 0.51 = 40.8 or 41 meters per second.

Step 4. Plot on the map.
Step 5. Locate a terrain feature reference point.
Step 6. Determine the count from terrain feature to the RP use T = D/R.
The terrain feature is a road 165 meters from the RP.
T= 165/41.
T = four seconds past the terrain feature.

Step 7. Check your work, ensure everything is properly calculated and plotted on the map. Using all
the information from the example, the jumpers will exit and land as shown in Figure 22-6.
22-10
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
Figure 22-6. Release point location for JSJR
ACCEPTABLE WIND LIMITATIONS

22-28. Maximum allowable surface wind for static line parachute personnel airdrops is 13 knots (17 knots for
WDZ). The maximum surface wind speed for heavy equipment airdrops is 17 knots with ground quick
disconnects, 13 knots without ground quick disconnects, and 20 knots for CDS using G-14 parachutes. There is
no wind speed restriction when HV parachutes are used with door bundles and CDS. The airborne commander
is responsible for ensuring winds on the DZ do not exceed 13 knots during static line personnel airdrops.
ANEMOMETERS
22-29. Services should only use approved anemometers to measure surface winds during all personnel and
cargo parachute operations. The approved anemometers are the DIC, DIC3, Turbometer, and AN/PMQ-3A. The
AN/ML433A/PM and the anemometers that use floating balls or small floating lightweight aluminum devices in
a tube are not authorized for use during personnel or cargo airdrop operations. The DIC, DIC3, and Turbometer
cannot be calibrated; they must be given an expedient check just before use. An expedient check includes:
Ensuring fresh batteries are installed in the anemometer.
Checking the anemometer in a no-wind condition such as in a vehicle cab or a building.
Turning on the anemometer and, if any reading other than zero registers, the anemometer is not fit
for use and must be discarded.
Using a three-anemometer check by comparing the reading on three anemometers in identical
October 2013
TC 3-21.220
22-11
Chapter 22
22-30.
The turbometer must be held within 20 degrees of wind line with the wind entering the rear of the
22-31.
Calibration requirements for the AN/PMQ-3A will be conducted in accordance with TMs.
TEN-MINUTE WINDOW
22-32. On multiple aircraft operations or single aircraft operations using more than 2100 meters of DZ, the
surface wind is measured from the control center and the highest point of elevation on the DZ or the trail edge
of the DZ. For single operations using less than 2100 meters of DZ, the wind is measured from only one
location, normally the control center. Beginning 12 minutes before TOT, the DZSO begins a constant
monitoring of the surface wind using an anemometer.
SURFACE WIND EXCEEDS LIMITS

22-33. If the surface wind exceeds allowable wind limits, the aircraft is notified of a NO DROP, and a new 10minute window is established. If the wind remains within limits during this new window, the drop takes place as
planned. If the winds exceed allowable limits during the new window, NO DROP is relayed to the pilot and the
entire procedure starts again.
NO-DROP SIGNAL
22-34. A NO DROP signal may be relayed to the aircraft by radio, red smoke, red flares, scrambled panels, or
another planned signal.
SECTION V POSTMISSION REQUIREMENTS

22-35. Immediately following the operation, several reports must be forwarded to higher headquarters. They
are described below.
REQUIRED REPORTS
22-36. Most of these reports are self-explanatory and require little time to complete. AF Form 4304, Drop
Zone/Landing Zone Control Log, is used to record strike report information. All services will complete
parachute malfunction and incident reports in accordance with AR 59-4/OPNAVINST 4630.24D/AFJ13210(I)/MCO 13480.1D. All services may also be required to report malfunctions and incidents on the loss of
equipment and or injury to personnel in accordance with service regulations, OPNAVINST 5102.1D/MCO
P5102.1B Navy and Marine Corps Mishap and Safety Investigation Reporting, and Record Keeping Manual.
DZSO report.
Malfunction report.
AF Form 4304, Drop Zone/Landing Zone Control Log. (See Figure 22-6.)
Incident reporting format. (See Figure 22-7.)
Note. AF Form 4304 replaces both the MAC Form 168 and the AMC.
AF FORM 4304 COMPLETION

22-37. Complete the AF Form 4304 as follows:
DATE date of airdrop.
LOCATION name of DZ.
STS AND UNIT STS name and unit.
DZ/LZ/EZ CONTROL OFFICER AND UNIT DZSTL name and unit.
DROP ZONE SAFETY OFFICER AND UNIT enter names.
LINE NO mission sequence number of each aircraft.
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Note. Every aircraft has a mission sequence number (entered under LINE NO column). Subsequent
passes by that same aircraft will all be scored on separate lines, in the order that they occur,
immediately below the line for the first pass.
TYPE ACFT type of aircraft.

UNIT unit of aircraft.
CALL SIGN call sign of pilot.
TYPE MSN type of mission; refer to LEGEND for abbreviations.
ETA estimated time of arrival, estimated TOT, S3 air brief.
ETA actual arrival time of every pass.
STRIKE REPORT.
YDS distance first jumper/container lands from PI in yards; if within 25 yards, it is scored a PI.
CLOCK using direction of flight as 12 oclock and its back azimuth as 6 oclock, estimated
direction from PI to first jumper/bundle.
SURF WIND surface wind; direction in degrees and velocity in knots.
SCORE METHOD refer to LEGEND.
MEAN EFFECTIVE WIND.
TIME time taken.
ALT what altitude taken to (should be drop altitude).
DIR & VEL wind direction in degrees and velocity in knots.
AF FORM 4304 ROUTING

22-38. The DZSTL forwards the completed AF Form 4304 to his air operations officer, who in turn submits it
through the chain of command to the USAF representative.
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Figure 22-7. Sample - completed AF Form 4304
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Figure 22-8. Sample - suggested format for incident reporting
SECTION VI SURVEYS
22-39. USAF DZs are surveyed by qualified CTT/DZSTL (for SOF only JM qualified at minimum).
However, CTT are not required to be JM qualified. All DZs will be surveyed or tactically assessed by qualified
CTT/DZSTL/Pathfinder personnel prior to use. Procedures can be found in FM 3-21.38 (FM 57-38), Pathfinder
Operations, and AFI 13 217, Drop Zone/Landing Zone Operations. All information concerning the DZ is placed
on MAC Form 339, Drop Zone Survey (See Figures 22-9 and 22-10.), or AF Form 3823, Drop Zone Survey.
(See Figures 22-11 and 22-12.) These forms provide the user the essential information needed to operate the
DZ. Section 4 of the forms states what type of missions may be conducted on the DZ.
Note. When supplies of MAC Form 339 are exhausted, they will be replaced with AF Form 3823.
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Chapter 22
CONTINGENCY/WARTIME OPERATIONS
22-40. During contingency/wartime and major exercises, DZSTLs may be expected to tactically locate, inspect,
and approve a potential DZ for follow-up airdrop of resupply or reinforcements.
TACTICAL ASSESSMENT
22-41. All services will conduct airdrops on approved DZs. The tactical assessment is an approved means to
certify a DZ for airdrop on both fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft. All tactical DZ assessments that can be
used for future operations and that meet the standard for USAF aircraft will be forwarded to the USAF for
inclusion in the zone availability report (ZAR). This will be accomplished using the following checklist, AFI
13-217, and FM 3-21.38. The JM/DZSTL will ensure all DZ requirements are within standards for the type of
personnel, parachutes, and equipment airdropped. Once a DZ has been tactically assessed, it must be approved
using AF Form 3823, Drop Zone Survey. To properly complete a AF Form 3823, the below information must
be completed:
DZ name or intended call sign.
Topographical map series and sheet number.
Recommended approach axis magnetic course.
Point of impact location (eight-digit grid).
Leading edge centerline coordinates (eight-digit grid).
DZ size in meters or yards.
Air traffic restrictions/hazards.
Name of surveyor and unit assigned.
Recommended approval/disapproval (cite reason for disapproval).
Remarks (include a recommendation for airdrop option, CARP, GMRS, VIRS, WSVC or blind
drop).
All other requirements must be met for a nontactical drop zone.
Note. Airdrop operations on tactically assessed DZs are made only under the following conditions:
22-16
During training events, using rotary-wing or fixed-wing aircraft.

The airdrop is located within a military reservation or on U.S. government leased property.
The supported service accepts the responsibility for any damage that occurs as a result of airdrop
activity.
There is adequate time for safe, effective planning.
All hazards and obstacles are identified.
A detailed risk assessment is completed.
The tactical assessment is documented on AF Form 3823 and is approved by the first colonel (O-6)
in the chain of command.
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Figure 22-9. Sample - completed AF IMT Form 3823 (front)
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Figure 22-10. Sample - completed AF IMT Form 3823 (back)
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Figure 22-11. Sample - completed AF Form 3823 (front)
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Figure 22-12. Sample - completed AF Form 3823 (back)
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Chapter 23
Malfunction Officer
The investigation of personnel, parachutes, and equipment malfunctions receives the highest
priority and is secondary in priority only to medical aid for the injured. It supersedes all other
aspects of the operation to include ground tactical play. Prompt and accurate investigations and
reporting could save lives and equipment. The report provides data to determine if a system or
procedural training change is necessary to prevent future occurrences. The malfunction officer is a
member of the drop zone support team. Any assistance required by the MO must pass through the
DZSO/DZSTL, who controls the DZ. The MO discusses as much data as allowable with the
DZSO/DZSTL prior to transmitting it to the control group. The MO and the DZSO/DZSTL
normally discuss this feeder information immediately after the jump is complete.
Note. AR 59-4/OPNAVINST 4630.24D/AFJ13-210(I)/MCO 13480.1D govern the duties and
responsibilities of the malfunction officer. The following chapter provides only the minimum
requirements for performing the duties of the MO. If there is a conflict between this TC and AR 594/OPNAVINST 4630.24D/AFJ13-210(I)/MCO 13480.1D, follow the guidance in AR 594/OPNAVINST 4630.24D/AFJ13-210(I)/MCO 13480.1D.
SECTION I MALFUNCTION OFFICER QUALIFICATIONS AND DUTIES

23-1. Malfunction officer requirements are as follows:
An Army MO will be a commissioned officer, warrant officer, or NCO (minimum grade of E-5).
(The MO will be a U.S. Army Quartermaster Center and School trained parachute rigger (with
military occupational specialty of 92R, 921A, or 92D) who is technically proficient with airdrop,
parachute recovery, and both personnel and cargo parachute systems.
23-2. Depending on the type of airdrop, the MO must be qualified at a minimum for the following operations:
Static line personnel parachutes not including Ram Air Personnel Parachute Systems (RAPPS),
which includes:
Pack-in-process inspector certified.
Malfunction officer trained and certified.

Ram Air Personnel Parachute Systems (to include static line deployed RAPPS if applicable), which
includes:
Refer to AR 59-4OPNAVINST 4630.24D/AFJ13-210(I)/MCO 13480.1D, ATTP 3-18.11 (FM

3-05/211)/AFMAN11(I)/NTTP 3-05.26M.
Ram air cargo (RAC) airdrop (precision airdrop), which includes:
Pack-in-process inspector certified.
Ram air trained and certified.
Ram air cargo trained and certified (if applicable).

Note. Units may choose to place a second MO at the planned parachute opening point for Ram Air
Cargo operations.
October 2013
Cargo airdrop, which includes:
Joint administrative instruction (JAI) trained and certified (not required for door bundles).
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Chapter 23
Exception: The MO qualifications may be waived for a Soldier with MOS 92R1P (E-4 only) when
recommended by the parachute rigger warrant officer (MOS 921A) in charge of that organization or
other authorized unit supervisors in accordance with AR 750-32 and approved by the first lieutenant
colonel (O-5) in the chain of command. Qualified and authorized E-4 MOs will be limited to single
ship missions only. Army National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve personnel meeting the above
requirements are considered qualified MOs as civilian technicians.
Malfunction Officers will be trained and certified in accordance with the POI and lesson plans
provided by the U.S. Army Quartermaster Center and School (USAQMC&S). Individuals will be
retrained and recertified annually. Training/certification records will be maintained on file at the unit
level.
The organization that provides the parachutes will provide the MO.
For USAF unilateral training loads, the USAF MO will be a minimum grade of E-4 and hold an
AFSC of 1A2X1, 2T2X1, or 1P0X1. The MO must have attended the Fabrication of Aerial
Delivery Loads Course or Air Load Inspectors Certification Course, attend a JAI refresher
course annually, and be designated, in writing, by the unit commander. For ARNG units, AFSC
1C2X1 and 1T2X1 personnel may also perform MO duties. For AFSOC, STS, pararescue, and
special operations weather team unilateral operations, the DZ controller may be designated as
the MO if an USAFJAI is not available.
A Navy MO will be a parachute rigger NCO (E-4) or above or a jumpmaster qualified E-5 or
above and will be appointed in writing by the commanding officer.
A Marine Corps MO will be a parachute rigger NCO, E-4 or above, or JM qualified, E-5 or
above, and must be appointed in writing by the commanding officer and must receive unit-level
refresher training annually. The training will include the review of this regulation: MCO
3500.20B; FM3-05.211/MCWP3-15.6/NAVSEA SS400-AG-MMO-010/AFMAN 11-411(I);
FM 3-21.220. The MO will be from the organization that provides the air items.
23-3. The MO will be present on the DZ during all personnel and equipment drops and will be knowledgeable
about the requirements contained in AR 59-4/OPNAVINST 4630.24D/AFJ13-210(I)/MCO 13480.
23-4. The MO will possess the following equipment while performing the MO duties:
A communication capability with the DZ control party.
Photographic equipment. Photos of malfunctions greatly assist during investigations and are essential
for the proper performance of MO duties. A high-quality video camera will be used during all routine
operations to record airdrop activity. A high-quality still camera (single-lens reflex/35mm) with
zoom capability is required to take photographs of malfunctions or incidents. A high-quality digital
camera with at least five megapixels is preferred so that photographs can be electronically
transmitted to the USAQMC&S to aid in malfunction analysis.
The forms and clerical supplies necessary to tag equipment and initiate reports.
Binoculars (day) or night vision devices (night). Night-vision devices will be supplied by the DZ
control party.
An approved wind meter.
A dedicated (four-wheel drive capable) vehicle to move around the DZ.
A global positioning system capable of storing way points (if applicable).
The applicable DZ survey.
SECTION II INVESTIGATING MALFUCTIONS AND INCIDENTS

23-5. The onsite investigation of personnel parachutes and equipment malfunctions/incidents will receive the
highest priority, secondary only to medical aid for the injured. It will supersede all other aspects of the
operation, including ground tactical play. Prompt and accurate investigation and reporting could save lives and
equipment. Efficient and effective measures must be taken without delay to document the malfunction/incident
and complete the onsite investigation. At no time will the onsite investigation interfere with any medical
support required. In all situations involving a malfunction or incident, the MO will
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Malfunction Officer
Immediately place the impact area off limits, post guards, and initiate an onsite investigation to
determine, if possible, the causes of the malfunction/incident using the checklists in Appendix B of
AR 59-4/OPNAVINST 4630.24D/AFJ13-210(I)/ MCO 13480.1D.
Immediately notify the DZSTL/DZSO and the unit appointed subject matter expert (SME).
Determine whether the preliminary investigation reveals suspected or intentional acts of tampering or
sabotage by considering the following:
If suspected or intentional acts of tampering or sabotage are present, terminate the investigation.
Ensure all evidenceincluding reports, findings, statements, photographs, videos, and area
sketchesis released (as annotated on the evidence log/chain of custody) to the criminal
investigator(s).
Ensure the military police are immediately notified by the DZSTL or DZSO.
Upon arrival of the responding criminal investigation organization (for example, Criminal
Investigation Division), brief the status of the investigation and actions taken, to include
whether or not a suspected or intentional act of tampering or sabotage exists.
If the criminal investigator accepts a recommendation of no tampering or sabotage, MO retains

the evidence.
If the decision is made that the physical evidence will be retained, secure it in accordance with
AR 195-5 (or service-specific security regulations) and maintain a chain of custody, per DA
Form 4137 (Evidence/Property Custody Document) (or Service specific chain of custody
regulatory guidance).
Secure all physical evidence and other items involved in the malfunction/incident. Some items
are extremely perishable and must be protected from the environment and from tampering.
23-6. For partial or total malfunctions/incidents during personnel parachute jumps where there are no serious
injuries, the MO will
Ensure requirements in paragraph 23-2A have been met.
Investigate the malfunction/incident in accordance with appendix B of AR 59-4/OPNAVINST
4630.24D/AFJ13-210(I)/MCO 13480.1D.
Ensure the scene is thoroughly documented by taking photographs and making sketches.
Ensure items of physical evidence that are collected are released only to the appropriate SME
appointed to assist in the investigation and members of an appointed safety investigation review
board (SIRB), if applicable.
Ensure the chain of custody (MO and SME) is established and the appropriate security measures for
all equipment involved in the parachute malfunction are maintained in accordance with AR 195-5 (or
service-specific security regulations).
Carry out any subsequent investigations as required and limit access to the evidence and equipment
(MO and designated SME). Determine if the preliminary investigation reveals suspected or
intentional acts of tampering or sabotage, and if it does, ensure the DZSTL/DZSO immediately
notifies the military police.
Upon arrival of the responding criminal investigation organization, brief the status of the
investigation and actions taken. In this instance, the evidence will be released to the investigating
organization. The investigative activity will interfere as little as possible with the post jump;
however, the criminal investigation will take priority.
23-7. For partial or total malfunctions/incidents during personnel parachute jumps where there are serious
injuries or death resulting from a parachute jump, the MO will
Investigate the malfunction/incident in accordance with Appendix B of AR 59-4/OPNAVINST
4630.24D/AFJ13-210(I)/MCO 13480.1D.
Immediately place the impact site off limits and post guards to ensure the integrity of the accident
scene. Limit access to the scene to the MO, the unit SME assisting the MO, the responding criminal
investigating organization, the SIRB, and medical personnel. Ensure the security of the scene does
not interfere with medical support or delay lifesaving measures.
Ensure the DZSTL/DZSO notifies military/security police in the event of death.
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Document the scene and collect evidence as required in paragraph 23-2B.

Immediately initiate an investigation prior to the investigating organizations arrival and ensure that
the scene is not altered. If failure to immediately collect items of evidence would result in
degradation or destruction, that evidence must be properly documented and secured. If possible, the
evidence will not be disturbed until the appropriate SIRB is on the scene.
Upon arrival of the investigating organization, brief the status of the investigations on actions taken
and whether the MO believes that suspected or intentional acts of tampering or sabotage exists. If the
criminal investigator accepts a recommendation of no tampering or sabotage, the MO will retain the
evidence for the SIRB.
Terminate the examination and investigation if tampering or sabotage is suspected or determined.
The evidence, along with all copies of reports, findings, and statements, to include photographs, will
then be released to the criminal investigator. If the decision has been made that the physical evidence
will remain with the MO, physical evidence and security will be maintained by the personnel
responsible for the chain of custody (MO and SME appointed by the investigating safety board).
23-8. Airdrop load malfunctions/incidents require the MO to

Investigate the malfunction/incident in accordance with appendix B of AR 59-4/OPNAVINST
4630.24D/AFJ13-210(I)/ MCO 13480.1D.
Ensure the scene is thoroughly documented (photographs, video, and a sketch).
Note. The MO and unit SME, if available, conducts/assists with any subsequent investigation as
required.
23-9. Safety investigations may be initiated in accordance with the Joint safety memorandum of understanding
among the Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Navy. All mishaps that meet the following criteria will be
reported and investigated in accordance with DODI 6055.7, AR 385-10, MCO P5102.1B, OPNAVINST
5102.1D, or AFI 91-204:
Class A. Fatality, permanent total disability or mishap cost $1,000,000 or more.
Class B. Permanent partial disability, accidents involving three or more personnel that are
hospitalized with inpatient care or mishap cost $200,000 to $1,000,000.
Class C. A nonfatal injury that causes any loss of time from work beyond the day or shift on which it
occurred or mishap cost $20,000 to $200,000.
Class D. No lost time injury but mishap cost $2000 to $200,000.
Note. See the above Service regulations and unit safety office for reporting investigation
requirements and instructions of all Class A, B, C, and D mishaps.
SECTION III REPORTING MALFUNCTIONS AND INCIDENTS

23-10. DD Form 1748-2 (Airdrop Malfunction Report (Personnel-Cargo)) will be used to report all airdrop
malfunctions and incidents. The MO/aircrew initiates this report. A malfunction is defined as the failure of an
airdrop item or component of an airdrop system to function as it was intended or designed, whether the
equipment failed because of human error or emergency procedures used. An airdrop incident is defined as any
procedure that prevented the successful completion of any planned airdrop operation. Some examples of
airdrop incidents include, but are not limited to, towed jumpers (cutaway or retrieved), dual deployments of
parachutes, entanglements resulting in reserve parachute deployment, and inadvertent automatic activation
device actuations. Any incident or malfunction that happens to a parachutist, airdrop drop load, or container
delivery system bundle must be reported. A completed DD Form 1748-2 will be reviewed by a unit SME prior
to submission to the USAQMC&S. Navy and Marine Corps malfunctions and incidents must be reported
through the Naval Safety Center via the Web Enabled Safety System (WESS). The Navel Safety Center will
submit 1748-2s to the Army.
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Malfunction Officer
Note. Injuries related to parachute landing falls will not be reported via DD Form 1748-2 to the
USAQMC&S. Services will follow procedures in their appropriate AFI, AR, MCO, or
NAVAIR/NAVSEA publications.
SECTION VI INVESTIGATIONS BY THE MALFUNCTION OFFICER

23-11. Malfunction investigations cover two areas: personnel parachute malfunctions/incidents and airdrop
load malfunctions/incidents. The depth of any investigation will vary according to the severity of the
malfunction/incident and resulting injuries/loss.
23-12. In cases apparently not involving deliberate misconduct, or not meeting the safety review board
definitions for class A or B mishaps or incidents not involving serious injury, the MO will conduct the on-site
investigation solely to determine the cause of the malfunction or incident and actions required to prevent future
occurrences. Findings will be submitted through the ACOM/ASCC/DRU or parent unit to the USAQMC&S,
Aerial Delivery and Field Services Department for further analysis/action.
23-13. In cases apparently involving deliberate misconduct, serious incident, injury, or death, or meets the
requirements of a class A or B accident or mishap, an SME will be appointed to assist in the conduct of the
follow-on investigation according to service directives and this regulation until such time as one is appointed by
the investigative agency. The investigations may include but are not limited to AR 15-6, AR 735-5, the Uniform
Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), Judge Advocate General (JAG) Instruction 5800.7E, Naval Criminal
Investigative Services/Criminal Investigation Division/Office of Special Investigation, and the SIRB. The MO
will make investigative notes, insights, reports, and physical evidence available to these investigations. The MO
will exercise great care so the government avoids compromising the rights of personnel involved. During the
investigation, the MO gathers items, information, and evidence that are sensitive in nature. In cases when the
equipment is cannot remain at the malfunction/incident site and the SIRB is not present, the MO will conduct a
component-by-component investigation on site. The MO will ensure that after the component-by-component
examination is completed, the equipment involved in the malfunction/incident is secured and accessible to only
the investigating SME. The MO will turn over all evidence to the SME and the SIRB. The MO will exercise
great care to release information to only authorized personnel on a need-to-know basis.
23-14. For the Navy and the Marine Corps, during malfunctions or incidents that meet the definition of an onduty class A or B mishap, the MO will preserve the mishap scene (medical treatment has priority) and ensure all
evidence is secured until the appointed SIRB arrives. An SME will be appointed from the Naval Safety Center.
The MO will photograph the mishap scene and all angles of components using a still/digital camera or
videotape or both. The MO will not disturb the evidence by taking out inversions, turns, tangles, or twists, or
taking any of the components apart. The SME assigned to the SIRB will conduct the component-by-component
technical/rigger-type inspection and analysis.
PRIORITY OF MALFUNCTION AND INCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS

23-15. The MO should enlist as many personnel as needed to investigate for possible causes of the
malfunctions. These personnel will identify any unusual occurrences to the MO, who will take actions as
directed in this regulation.
SECTION V GENERAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

23-16. All malfunctions, incidents or damage to air dropped equipment and aircraft will be reported through
the command channels of the owning unit immediately.
Air Force units will immediately report all airdrop malfunctions or incidents involving injury or
death, damage to equipment, and off DZ drops to the command having operational control of the
aircraft. Augmenting crews from a separate command will notify their respective commands in
addition to the initial report that will be submitted to the controlling command. Air Force aircraft
participating in an operation without an Air Force chain of command will notify their respective
command headquarters of the incident, with follow-up reports, as required.
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For Army and Air Force, all parachute and aerial delivery operations malfunctions/incidents for all
standard and nonstandard equipment will be reported in accordance with this regulation.
Malfunctions and incidents can be reported through the Army Quartermaster Corps website. In rare
cases when the web-based reporting system cannot be used, paper copies of DD Form 1748-2 may be
faxed to Defense Switched Network 687-3084 or commercial (804) 734-3084. All reports will be
sent to the Air Drop Manual and Malfunction Office, USAQMC&S, ADFSD, 710 A. Ave., Fort Lee,
VA 23801.
For Navy and Marine Corps, all parachute and aerial delivery operations malfunctions/incidents for
all standard and nonstandard equipment will be reported to the Naval Safety Center. Reporting will
be conducted by accessing the WESS via the Naval Safety Center Website. A copy of the completed
form will then be e-mailed or faxed to the Parachute Safety Analyst (C44) at DSN 564-6044 or
commercial (757) 444-6044. The Parachute Safety Analyst will complete the required final reporting
to Fort Lee, Virginia, as outlined in paragraph 5-1b. In addition, Navy commands will immediately
advise the following activities of any malfunction or incident: Chief of Naval Operations (N95),
Naval Sea Systems Command, SEA 00-NSW (PMS340), and Commander, Naval Air Warfare
Center Weapons Division, China Lake, CA (Code 466100D).
The aircrew will initiate the report for malfunctions/incidents occurring during the extraction or
deployment phase of any airdrop or during the exit phase for jumpers where aircrew procedures or
aircraft aerial delivery equipment are contributing factors.
The MO or service DZSO will initiate the report for malfunctions/incidents occurring during the
deployment or recovery phase of any airdrop load or jumper. Malfunction/incidents believed to have
been caused by aircrew procedures, like low altitudes or DZ offset, require coordination with the
aircrew for the most accurate information.
Note. The MO uses DD Form 1748-2 to report all airdrop personnel malfunctions in accordance with
AR 59-4/OPNAVINST 4630.24D/AFJ13-210(I)/MCO 13480.1D.
23-6
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PART SIX
Special Procedures
Chapter 24
Adverse Weather Aerial Delivery System

The AWADS is a navigational system installed in some USAF C-130 aircraft. It enables
the aircraft to fly to a DZ during reduced visibility, and provides flexibility to the airborne
force commander in the accomplishment of all airborne missions. It is effective to use
AWADS in large joint operations, tactical reinforcements, and specialized missions.
SECTION I MULTIPLE MISSION SUPPORT

24-1. Operating with AWADS facilitates rapid and continuous aerial deployment or resupply in adverse
weather or darkness. Units can execute a parachute assault without a prepositioned Air Force combat control
team or an Army DZST. As a result, time (length) of the air formation is shortened, and the air corridor must be
cleared only once by tactical air to heighten the element of surprise. AFCCTs are introduced with the assault
elements and assist the GUC with additional CDS, airland, or HD missions. AWADS enables a commander to
conduct a rapid vertical reinforcement during IMC or visual meteorological conditions for units threatened by
enemy penetration.
Note. A minimum ceiling of 200 feet and a minimum visibility of 1/2 mile for personnel and
equipment are imposed for tactical training.
SECTION II TRAINING AND PREPARATION

24-2. Operating with AWADS demand detailed planning, rehearsal, training, and coordination between USAF
and Army units to be effective. Due to limited visibility in the air and during assembly on the ground, AWADS
requires both technical training and psychological preparation of the parachutists. Sustained prejump training,
while operating with AWADS, requires modification to normal jump conditions.
SECTION III MODIFIED JUMPMASTER DUTIES

24-3. The JM relies on the loadmaster to obtain and relay en route information. Under AWADS conditions, the
JM still attempts to perform all of the required checks. He may not be able to observe safety hazards beyond the
immediate area of the door.
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Chapter 24
SECTION IV MODIFIED PARACHUTIST ACTIONS

24-4. Parachutist actions during descent under normal conditions must be modified in AWADS training.
Modifications are made when using the T-10-series, T-11, MC-6, and MC-1-series parachutes.
T-10-SERIES POINTS OF PERFORMANCE

24-5. Jumpers using this parachute should take the following actions:
Check body position and count.
Check canopy and gain canopy control. Any malfunction under these conditions requires activation
of the reserve since the parachutist cannot effectively judge the rate of descent.
Keep a sharp lookout during descent.
Do not slip, except to avoid collisions, until after breaking through the clouds.
Give way. Give lower canopies the right of way; higher canopies slip to avoid them.
Recheck the canopy. Make this check after breaking through the clouds if the canopy could not be
checked while in the clouds.
Prepare to land. Do not release equipment until the ground can be seen, and it is clear below.
Land. Execute a proper PLF.
T-11-SERIES POINTS OF PERFORMANCE

Check canopy and gain canopy control. Any malfunction under these conditions requires activation
of the reserve since the parachutist cannot effectively judge the rate of descent.
Keep a sharp lookout during descent.
Do not slip, except to avoid collisions, until after breaking through the clouds.
Give way. Give lower canopies the right of way; higher canopies slip to avoid them.
Recheck the canopy. Make this check after breaking through the clouds if the canopy could not be
checked while in the clouds.
Prepare to land. Do not release equipment until the ground can be seen, and it is clear below.
MC-1-SERIES POINTS OF PERFORMANCE

Check canopy and gain canopy control. If the TU modification is to the front, there is a complete
inversion. Do not activate the reserve since the canopy can still be controlled. For any other
malfunction, activate the reserve immediately.
Identify steering toggles. Grasp each one and bring them both to chest level to reduce lateral
movement and perform braking. This helps to eliminate midair collisions and extreme dispersion due
to excessive drift.
If either or both toggles are broken, steer the canopy by pulling a slip with the rear riser on the side of
the intended turn. In the clouds, anyone with a broken toggle and not applying brakes
automatically has a greater lateral drift than anyone else and must keep alert during descent.
Keep a sharp lookout during descent. During reduced visibility, prepare to take immediate evasive
action.
Give way. Give lower canopies the right of way. If parachutists see the possibility of converging at
any altitude and from any direction, they immediately turn away from each other by pulling the
toggle that is away from the other parachutist.
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October 2013
Recheck canopy. Perform a thorough canopy inspection after breaking through the clouds. Release
the toggles and do not release equipment until the ground can be seen, and it is clear below.
Prepare to land. Turn into the wind 200 feet above the ground. Obstacles spotted when coming out of
low clouds normally require rapid preparation for the appropriate emergency landing.
MC-6-SERIES POINTS OF PERFORMANCE

Check canopy and gain canopy control. If the TU modification is to the front, there is a complete
inversion. Do not activate the reserve since the canopy can still be controlled. For any other
malfunction, activate the reserve immediately.
Identify steering toggles. Grasp each one and bring them both to chest level to reduce lateral
movement and perform braking. This helps to eliminate midair collisions and extreme dispersion due
to excessive drift.
If either or both toggles are broken, steer the canopy by pulling a slip with the rear riser on the side of
the intended turn. In the clouds, anyone with a broken toggle and not applying brakes
automatically has a greater lateral drift than anyone else and must keep alert during descent.
Keep a sharp lookout during descent. During reduced visibility, prepare to take immediate evasive
action.
Give way. Give lower canopies the right of way. If parachutists see the possibility of converging at
any altitude and from any direction, they immediately turn away from each other by pulling the
toggle that is away from the other parachutist.
Recheck canopy. Perform a thorough canopy inspection after breaking through the clouds. Release
the toggles and do not release equipment until the ground can be seen, and it is clear below.
Prepare to land. Turn into the wind 75 to 150 feet above the ground. Obstacles spotted when coming
out of low clouds normally require rapid preparation for the appropriate emergency landing.
October 2013
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Chapter 25
Deliberate Water Drop Zone Operations

Units conducting water drop zone operations should use the procedures in this chapter as
a guide to ensure the mission is conducted safely.
SECTION I JUMP CONDITIONS

25-1. Conduct all WDZ parachute jumps during the following conditions:
Daylight: warm weather conditions. (The Navy conducts day and night water parachute operations.)
Surface winds do not exceed 17 knots.
Drop controlvisual marking system.
Helicopterflying under visual flight conditions.
Wind conditions permit operation on the WDZ.
Water should be more than 10-feet-deep with no underwater obstacles at that same depth.
Briefing held for WDZ operations by DZSO/DZSTL and WDZ control personnel.
All parachutists are classified as swimmers or strong swimmers (USMC S-1 or higher, Navy 2nd
class swimmer qualified IAW NETC P1552/16 or must be a qualified SEAL, SWCC, EOD, or Navy
diver.).
All parachutists have completed drown-proofing training within the preceding 12 months.
All parachutists have been trained on activation procedures for the life preserver in use, to include
manual inflation procedures.
All parachutists have attended prejump training on deliberate WDZ procedures in accordance with
unit SOP.
All combat equipment is float-checked.
Note. The Airborne commander briefs parachutists, aircrew, JM, and WDZ control party regarding
WDZ operations.
WARNING
The MC-1-1B/E should be used, if available. Care must be taken, when
using the MC-1-1C/D as the porosity of the canopy is extremely
limited and may create a suffocation hazard if the jumper is trapped
under the canopy.
SECTION II PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT

25-2. Conduct all WDZ parachute jumps under the conditions in paragraph 25-16. The personnel and
equipment described below are required for deliberate WDZ operations.
SAFETY SWIMMERS
25-3. Each recovery boat must have at least one safety swimmer on board. The safety swimmer must have fins,
face mask, knife, and an inflatable life preserver. The safety swimmers will be used to recover personnel and
October 2013
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Chapter 25
equipment, and assist parachutists as needed. The safety swimmer cannot be additionally assigned as the boat
coxswain or corpsman. The safety swimmer should be a qualified parachutist and, as a minimum, will be
qualified as a U.S. Army Class 1 advanced survival swimmer (in accordance with TC 21-21), USMC CWS1,
Navy 1st class swimmer qualified in accordance with NETC (Naval Education & Training Command) P155/16
or must be a qualified SEAL, Special Warfare Combatant-Craft Crewmen (SWCC), EOD, or Navy diver or
lifeguard-certified. The safety swimmer will attend prejump training for intentional water jumps with
parachutists and wet silk training.
OTHER PERSONNEL
25-4. The following personnel are also required:
JM, AJM, safety personnel, as required for the type of aircraft used.
DZSO/DZSTL, JM qualified and current in accordance with Chapter 7.
Medic/corpsman with resuscitator.
Safety vehicle driver.
Boat commander/coxswain for each boat.
Malfunction officer.
APPROVED ANEMOMETERS
25-5. The approved anemometers are the DIC, DIC3, turbometer, and AN/PMQ 3A. (Refer to Chapter 20 for
use and calibration information.)
Note. Neither the AN/ML433A/PM nor the anemometers that use floating balls or small floating
lightweight aluminum devices in a tube are authorized for use during personnel or cargo airdrop
operations.
OTHER WATER DROP ZONE EQUIPMENT

25-6. The following equipment is also required:
Equipment for safety swimmers.
Serviceable boats, motors, and fuel (RB-15 boats, 14-foot engineer assault boats, combat rubber
raiding craft, or civilian equivalent boats with motors). If available, hard body boats should be used.
Boats should have a low freeboard to allow for easy pickup of jumpers.
Equipment for recovery and command boats.
Required panels and smoke.
Required communications equipment for each boat to include spare batteries and one complete spare
radio set for the operation. Boat-to-boat and boat-to-air communication should be checked.
Floatable, nonflammable container with suitable anchor for smoke grenades.
First aid equipment to include resuscitator and backboard.
Bailing cup per boat.
Motor tie-down rope per boat.
Sheath knife (boat commander and safety swimmer) per boat.
Pliers per boat.
One extra life preserver for emergencies per boat.
Life jackets or life preservers for all personnel onboard each boat.
Oars or paddles per boat.
Boat hook per boat.
SECTION III PARACHUTIST REQUIREMENTS

25-7. Parachutists, at a minimum, must be classified as a U.S. Army Class 3 basic survival swimmer, USMC
CWS 1, or Navy 2nd class swimmer qualified in accordance with NETC P155/16 or must be a qualified SEAL,
25-2
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October 2013
SWCC, EOD, or Navy diver before making a water parachute drop. Parachutists will be current static line
jumpers before making water jumps. Wet silk training for intentional water jumps will be conducted at a
minimum of once every six months by all parachutists and safety swimmers involved in water jumps.
An individuals first water jump must be performed during the day and without combat equipment.
To be classified as a Class 1 advanced water survival swimmer, personnel will be tested and
documented on an annual basis and must pass the requirements contained in TC 21-21.
Wet silk training is conducted at the unit level by JM certified personnel (Class 1 advanced water
survival swimmer [in accordance with TC 21-21], USMC CWS1, Navy 1st class swimmer qualified
in accordance with NETC P155/16 or must be a qualified SEAL, SWCC, EOD, or Navy diver or
lifeguard certified current JM) by putting an unserviceable parachute in a pool, in a controlled
environment, with safety swimmers. The jumpers, one at a time, demonstrate the actions to take
during a water landing:
Jump into the water, and swim under the canopy to experience what it is like to be under a
parachute in the water.
The jumper demonstrates his ability to follow a radial seam to get safely out from under the
canopy, make an air pocket under the canopy to breathe from, and breathe from the apex of the
canopy.
If a jumper is trapped under the canopy during wet silk training, the safety swimmers pull the jumper
out of the water. A minimum of two safety swimmers with mask, fins, snorkel, and dive knife, and a
medic/corpsman will be available during this training. A standby self-contained underwater breathing
apparatus (scuba) diver is also recommended.
WARNING
When conducting a deliberate water drop zone operation, wet silk
training is mandatory. The porosity of the T-11 and MC-6, and MC-11C/D is extremely limited and may create a suffocation hazard if the
jumper is trapped under the canopy.
SECTION IV ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT OF DROP ZONE DETAIL

25-8. The organization and equipment of the drop zone detail are described below.
DROP ZONE SAFETY OFFICER COMMAND BOAT

25-9. The command boat will be separate from the recovery boats. It will be used by the DZSO and
medic/corpsman and will not be used to recover parachutists or equipment except in the case of an emergency.
The command boat (boat No. 1) includes the following personnel and equipment:
Note. All boats required for the operation will be on station with required personnel and the engines
running before the release of parachutists.
PERSONNEL
25-10. These personnel positions include the following:
Drop zone safety officer.
Boat commander/boat coxswain.
Safety swimmer with equipment.
Medic/corpsman with equipment.
Malfunction officer.
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Chapter 25
APPROVED ANEMOMETERS
25-11. The approved anemometers are the DIC, DIC3, Turbometer, and AN/PMQ 3A. (Refer to Chapter 20 for
use and calibration information.)
Note. Neither the AN/ML433A/PM nor the anemometers that use floating balls or small floating
lightweight aluminum devices in a tube are authorized for use during personnel or cargo airdrop
operations.
EQUIPMENT
25-12. The following equipment is needed:
Marker panels.
Medical aid kit.
Backboard.
Resuscitator.
Boat hook.
FM radio (complete) with extra battery for boat-to-boat, boat-to-air, and surface communications.
Bailing cup.
Motor tie-down rope.
Sheath knife (safety swimmer and boat commander). Additionally, all jumpers must have a sheath
knife.
Pliers.
Life jackets or life preservers for all personnel on board.
One extra life preserver for emergencies.
RECOVERY BOATS FOR EQUIPMENT DROPS

25-13. A minimum of one power driven boat is required for two equipment platforms dropped on the same
pass. Equipment recovery boats are to be used in the recovery of equipment parachutes and platforms. Recovery
boats assigned to recover jumpers do not meet this requirement when jumpers and equipment are on the same
pass. Equipment recovery boats must be large enough to recover cargo parachutes and platforms. The boat
coxswains only duty is to navigate the boat. The boat coxswain may not act as the safety swimmer or
corpsman. Recovery boats should take the following actions:
Use extreme caution when recovering Combat Rubber Raiding Craft and other equipment in the
water.
The jumpers are the recovery personnel. They will have assisted in the rigging of the CRRC and
container equipment before the airdrop. This will help ensure they know what straps to cut without
losing the equipment or injuring other personnel.
Ensure a safety tie is rigged between the platform and boat and is cut last after the recovery boat
has secured the platform.
Tow the platform back to shore with the recovery boat. Place sandbags on the back of the platform
to raise the front to ease towing.
WARNING
Ensure that all personnel are clear of the platform and equipment and
not fouled in any lines before cutting the equipment loose from the
platform. Failure to do so may cause serious injury or death if the
platform sinks.
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October 2013
RECOVERY BOATS FOR PERSONNEL

25-14. A minimum of one power driven recovery boat is required for every three parachutists dropped on the
same pass. Parachutist recovery boats must have an inflatable boat or ladder rigged alongside if they have a
freeboard of more than three feet or the boats do not provide an easy platform for recovery of personnel. Boats
assigned as personnel recovery platforms may only be used to assist in the recovery of airdropped equipment
after all parachutists have been recovered. The boat coxswains only duty is to navigate the boat. The boat
coxswain cannot act as the safety swimmer or corpsman.
EQUIPMENT AND PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS

25-15. These requirements are essential:
Personnel (personnel and cargo recovery boats).
Boat commander/coxswain.
Safety swimmer with equipment.

Equipment (personnel and cargo recovery boats).
Boat hook.
Bailing cup.
Motor tie-down rope.
Sheath knife (safety swimmer and boat commander); additionally all jumpers must have a
sheath knife.
Pliers.
Life jackets or life preservers for all personnel onboard.
Extra approved life preserver for emergencies.
Radio (complete) with extra battery for boat-to-boat surface communications.

Safety Swimmer Equipment.
Swim finsone pair.
Face mask.
Snorkel.
Sheath knife.
Life vest.
Wet suitoptional.
Safety vehicle operator.
Driver (on standby).
Radio (communicate with command boat).

Note. The JM briefs the parachutists, aircrew, and WDZ control party regarding WDZ operations.
October 2013
The DZSO also briefs boat crews, safety swimmers, medic, and safety vehicle driver on the
following:
Overall organization of WDZ.
Number of lifts and personnel to be dropped.
Drop altitude and aircraft heading.
Surface winds.
Water depth.
Turnaround time between drops.
Recovery procedures.
Communications plan.
Emergency recovery and evacuation plan.
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25-5
Chapter 25
Drop and abort signals.

Applicable special instructions.
Maintains visual observation of all parachutists until safely recovered.

The jumpmaster
Performs JM duties.
Helps recover personnel from the water in an emergency.
Keeps parachutists under observation. Does not release the next pass until all parachutists
have been recovered.
The boat commander/coxswain
Ensures all personnel and equipment are on board.
Ensures that all equipment is operational.
Ensures that the safety swimmer has been briefed and understands instructions.
Maintains visual observations of parachutists from time of exit to safe recovery.
Controls actions of safety swimmer.
Ensures all personnel are trained and rehearsed in their duties.

The safety swimmer
Maintains visual observation of parachutists from time of exit to safe recovery. Is alert at all
times for parachutists in trouble and is prepared to enter the water to assist parachutists.
Enters water (on order of boat commander) and assists parachutist recovery.
The medic/corpsman
Ensures the resuscitator is complete and in operational condition.
Ensures that safety personnel understand lifesaving techniques.
Uses applicable medical equipment and provides required first aid and medical evacuation.
SECTION V SAFE CONDITIONS

25-16. Ensure all WDZ parachute jumps are conducted using the following items and within the following
conditions for all services:
Water will be more than 10-feet deep.
The WDZ will not be in or near the surf zone.
Surface winds will not be in excess of 17 knots.
Sea state is no more than 2, (in accordance with MCWP 2 15.3, Table 7-1, or Joint Pub 4 01.6, sea
state 2 indicates that wave height will not exceed 1 and 2/3 feet (20 inches), as measured from a
wave crest and the preceding trough.)
Parachutists jumping in cold water (60 degrees or lower) will wear wetsuits or dry suits.
All parachutists are classified as strong swimmers, USMC CWS 1, or Navy 2nd class swimmer
qualified in accordance with NETC P155/16 or must be a qualified SEAL, SWCC, EOD, or Navy
diver.
All safety swimmers should be parachutists and will be classified as Class 1 advanced water
survival swimmers (in accordance with TC 21-21), USMC CWS 1, Navy 1st class swimmer,
qualified in accordance with NETC P155/16 or must be a qualified SEAL, SWCC, EOD, or Navy
diver or lifeguard-certified.
All parachutists and swimmers have completed wet silk training in the past six months (twelve
months for Navy personnel).
All parachutists and swimmers have been trained on activation procedures for the life preserver in
their use to include manual inflation procedures.
All floatation devices are approved, serviceable, and properly maintained.
All parachutists have attended prejump training on deliberate WDZ procedures according to this
chapter and unit SOP.
All combat equipment is waterproofed and float-checked.
25-6
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October 2013
All jumpers and equipment have chemical lights and strobes attached for night jumps.
Night vision devices will be used on the WDZ for all night drops.
Drop controlvisual marking system: mirror, smoke, VS-17 panels.
Release method: CARP or WSVC.
Helicopter or fixed-wingflying under visual flight conditions.
Only one to three parachutist jumps for each recovery boat for each pass. (Navy operations is one
boat to five jumpers) (Boat to jumper ratio depends on unit and jumper experience with water
jumps. One boat to one jumper is strongly recommended for units that rarely conduct WDZ
operations.)
Sufficient boats are properly manned with the engines running during all live passes.
Clear to drop is by radio or by all the boats driving in one big circle or boats arranged in another
agreed upon configuration.
Abort the pass is by radio or by all the boats being scrambled or boats arranged in another
agreed upon configuration.
SECTION VI JUMP RECOVERY PROCEDURES

25-17. After parachutists enter the water, recovery boats (boat Nos. 2 and 3 and any additional recovery boats)
proceed to the location of designated parachutists and begin recovery operations.
BOAT COMMANDER/COXSWAIN
25-18. The boat commander/coxswain of each recovery boat identifies his assigned parachutists as soon as
possible.
25-19. The boat coxswain determines whether the parachutists life preserver has been inflated. If the life
preserver has not inflated, the recovery boat coxswain immediately proceeds to the impact point, taking care to
stay out of the way of the other parachutists. Upon reaching the assigned parachutist, the boat coxswain treats
the situation as a parachutist in distress and takes appropriate action.
25-20. The DZSO command boat (boat No. 1) is located so the DZSO can observe the landing of parachutists
and reinforces recovery boats with additional safety swimmers and a resuscitator as required.
25-21.
The following procedure is used for recovery operations:

When possible, recovery boats approach parachutists from downwind, alongside and then puts the
engines in neutral. This will help avoid getting the parachute stuck in the engine propeller.
Recover parachutes by the apex.
If the parachutist experiences no difficulties after impact, he signals All OK by raising one arm
straight up (without waving).
Note. Any other signal or no signal given by the parachutist is considered as a distress situation and
immediate action is taken.
The boat coxswain directs the boat alongside the parachutist, and the safety swimmer extends the
boat hook so that the parachutist can grasp it. If the parachutist is unable to grasp the hook, the
safety swimmer secures a portion of the parachutists equipment with the hook.
SAFETY SWIMMERS
25-22. On instruction from the boat commander/coxswain, the safety swimmer enters the water alongside the
parachutist to assist the parachutist and to recover the parachute canopy and other equipment. If a parachutist
has gone underwater, the following action is taken.
Red smoke is displayed to indicate an emergency and a message is transmitted to the command
boat by radio. All other activities cease. (A red smoke grenade may be activated and dropped in an
ammunition can bolted to a wood plate, or a smoke machine may be used.)
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Chapter 25
The safety swimmer dives to recover the parachutist and cuts him free of equipment as required.
The DZSO moves his boat to the scene and the medic/corpsman prepares to use the resuscitator
and backboard.
RECOVERY HELICOPTER
25-23.
The jump aircraft is alerted to assist in emergency recovery operations

When directed by the DZSO, the pilot stands by the location to provide medical evacuation by air,
if necessary.
After normal recovery operations, parachutists and equipment are unloaded at the assembly area.
All boats are repositioned for the resumption of jump operations.
SECTION VII WATER DROP ZONE PREJUMP TRAINING

25-24. Prejump training for water jumps should be conducted within 24 hours before the scheduled jump.
This training includes demonstrations and practical exercises for all parachutists; use of the suspended harness
is recommended. Prejump training includes, but is not limited to, the situations described below.
SIX POINTS OF PERFORMANCE FOR WATER JUMPS

25-25. The following must be performed:
Check canopy and gain canopy control.
Prepare to land with a life preserver.
Keep a sharp lookout during descent and maneuver to indicated impact area.
Prepare to land by turning and facing into the wind, maintaining position until just before landing.
Prepare to make a PLF (if water is shallow or ground contact is made).
Emergencies in the air.
Emergencies in the water include the following actions:
Ensure the life preserver is fully inflated.
If trapped under the canopy, the jumper finds a radial seam and follows it to the edge.
If trapped under the canopy, the jumper lifts his hand slowly and creates an air pocket to
breath, then cuts a hole in the canopy material. (If the jumper lifts his hand too quickly, he
will create a suction and the canopy will stick to his face and arm.)
Wet silk training will have been completed and documented within six months prior to the
jump (twelve months for Navy personnel).
RECOVERY PROCEDURES
25-26. The following must be performed:
Recover parachutes by pulling them in the boat by the apex.
Ensure the boat is kept free of gasoline and oil, which would ruin the parachutes.
Orientation at the WDZ for the WDZ crew.
Any special instructions.
SECTION VIII PROCEDURES FOR WATER LANDINGS WITH A LIFE

PRESERVER
25-27.
25-8
The procedures for deliberate water landings with a life preserver are as follows:
Parachutists may wear combat equipment only after it has been waterproofed and float-checked.
To waterproof equipment, use bags and rigger tape inside equipment containers. Float check by
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
submerging in a tank of water until saturated and ensure the equipment is neutral or positive
buoyant (floats).
Parachutists will wear service approved life preservers.
Parachutists will wear the ballistic helmet or a service approved helmet during WDZ operations.
Parachutists jumping in cold water (60 degrees or below) will wear wetsuits or dry suits and may
wear a wetsuit/dry suit hood under the ballistic helmet.
Parachutists may wear wetsuit booties, coral booties, or tennis shoes.
Parachutists may jump with mask and fins. Fins to be worn on the feet will be taped or tucked
under the left arm and should be dummy corded to the jumper with quarter-inch cotton webbing.
All jumpers will wear a knife for emergencies.
Jumpers may follow equipment, such as door bundles, CRRC, and RAMZ, on a single ship
operation. There will be three seconds between the cargo exit and the first jumpers exit to ensure
the jumpers do not become entangled with the cargo.
The cargo and jumpers are hooked to the same anchor line cable on the same side when jumping
the ramp.
DELIBERATE WATER LANDING WITH THE B-7 LIFE PRESERVER

25-28. The B-7 is worn under the parachute harness with the inflatable portions under the jumpers armpits
(See Figure 25-1.) At altitude, the jumper releases all equipment tie-downs and lowers equipment, but does not
jettison it.
25-29. During the descent, the parachutist inflates the life preserver by discharging the attached CO2
cartridges. If necessary, the life preserver can be inflated by blowing air into the inflation valve hose.
25-30. As his feet touch the water, the parachutist activates both canopy release assemblies. He pulls the cable
release safety clip out and away from his body (exposing the cable loops) and activates the canopy release
assembly using one of the two methods (hand to shoulder or two hand assist) as his feet touch the water.
25-31. Since the B-7 life preserver will provide 500 pounds of positive buoyancy, the parachutist does not
remove the harness and equipment.
25-32. The parachutist swims upstream or upwind away from the parachute to avoid becoming entangled, and
signals All OK to the recovery boat.
25-33. All jumpers conducting a deliberate water landing must have a sheathed knife to facilitate selfextraction with entangled suspension lines or main canopy.
WARNING
Do not release the canopy release assemblies until the feet make
contact with the water. Altitude is hard to judge over the water. If the
jumper activates his canopy releases at even moderately high altitude
(for example, 50 feet), serious injury or death may result.
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Chapter 25
CAUTION
The jumper must stay clear of the suspension lines to avoid entanglement.
If the parachute and equipment are too heavy and hard to hold on to, the
jumper lets go of the equipment to avoid being pulled under.
Figure 25-1. Landing with the B-7 life preserver
DELIBERATE WATER LANDING WITH UDT LIFE PRESERVER

25-34. Parachutists wearing a UDT vest (See Figure 25-2.) route the chest strap under the UDT vest so that
the chest is not crushed if the UDT is inflated.
25-35. Upon exiting the aircraft, the jumper checks the canopy and steers away from other jumpers. At
altitude, the jumper releases all equipment tie-downs and lowers equipment, but does not jettison it.
25-36. The jumper activates the quick release on the waistband and unsnaps the left connector snap on the
reserve parachute. He rotates the reserve to the right side of the parachute harness and seats himself well into
the saddle.
25-37. The jumper activates the ejector snap on the chest snap and inflates his life preserver with air by
blowing into the inflation tube or activating the CO2 cartridge.
25-38. Sitting back in the harness and using the right hand to hold onto the left main lift web, the jumper
steers with his left hand. Just before entering the water, he places his hands on the ejector snaps on the leg
straps.
25-39. The jumper activates the ejector snaps on the leg straps, throws his arms up, and arches out of the
harness when entering the water. He prepares to execute a PLF if the water is shallow.
25-40. The jumper swims upstream or upwind away from the parachute to avoid becoming entangled, and
signals All OK to the recovery boat. He recovers the parachute by grabbing the apex.
25-10
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October 2013
25-41. All jumpers conducting a deliberate water landing must have a sheathed knife to facilitate selfextraction with entangled suspension lines or main canopy.
CAUTION
If the parachute and equipment are too heavy to hold on to, the jumper lets
go of the equipment to avoid being pulled under.
Figure 25-2. Landing with a UDT life preserver
DELIBERATE WATER LANDING WITH THE TFSS-5326

25-42. The TFSS-5326 is worn under the parachute harness with the inflatable portions fastened to an
individuals waist belt. At altitude, the jumper releases all equipment tie-downs and lowers equipment, but does
not jettison it.
25-43. The jumper activates the quick release on the waistband and unsnaps the left connector snap on the
reserve parachute. The jumper rotates the reserve to the right side of the parachute harness, seats himself well
into the saddle, and inflates the life preservers by activating the CO2 cartridge. (In the event of CO2 cartridge
failure, blow air into the inflation tubes.)
25-44.
strap.
The jumper activates the ejector snap (T-10 harness) or the quick release (T-11 harness) on the chest
25-45. Sitting back in the harness and using the right hand to hold onto the left main lift web, the jumper
steers with his left hand. Just before entering the water, he places his hands on the ejector snaps on the leg
straps.
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Chapter 25
25-46. The jumper activates the ejector snaps on the leg straps, throws his arms up, and arches out of the
harness when entering the water. He prepares to execute a PLF if the water is shallow.
25-47. The jumper swims upstream or upwind away from the parachute to avoid becoming entangled, and
signals All OK to the recovery boat by extending one stationary arm overhead.
25-48. All jumpers conducting a deliberate water landing must have a sheathed knife to facilitate selfextraction with an entangled suspension lines or main canopy.
WARNING
The parachutist must ensure he does not wear the TFSS-5326
flotation packets between the parachute harness and his body.
Serious injury may result if inflated when worn incorrectly.
CAUTION
If the parachute and equipment are too heavy and hard to hold on to, the
jumper lets go of the equipment to avoid being pulled under.
CAUTION
If the jumper signals anything but the All OK or does not signal, the boat
crew will proceed to assist the jumper from the water.
SECTION IX LANDING PROCEDURES

25-49.
Upon landing, personnel must be prepared to perform the following procedures:

If being dragged in the water, parachutists activate one (or both) canopy release assemblies after
entering the water.
Parachutists prevent fouling in the canopy or suspension lines at all times, especially during severe wind
conditions..
Parachutists signal All OK by extending one stationary arm overhead (do not wave) or Help (any
other signal or no signal) to the recovery boat, and stand by for pickup, remaining calm.
SECTION X OFFICER IN CHARGE RESPONSIBILITIES

25-50.
25-12
The parachute operation officer in charge (OIC) ensures that

All personnel scheduled for a water jump are not less than Class 3 basic water survival swimmer
qualified in accordance with TC 21-21, USMC CWS 1, or Navy 2nd class swimmer, qualified in
accordance with NETC, P155/16 or must be a qualified SEAL, SWCC, EOD, or Navy diver.
All jumpers and safety swimmers have completed wet silk training within the past six months
twelve months for Navy personnel.
All equipment has been waterproofed and float-checked.
All jumpers are using approved serviceable floatation.
All jumpers have completed the required prejump training.
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Chapter 26
Exit Procedures
Two types of exit procedures can be used on fixed-wing aircraft: ADEPT exit and mass
exit.
WARNING
Only one series of parachute may be used during any one given pass
over the drop zone.
Mixing parachutes that have different opening performance
characteristics can cause high altitude incidents during ADEPT
option 2 or mass exit operations.
Only one series of parachute will be suspended in the air at any one
given time and on one given pass over the drop zone
SECTION I ALTERNATE DOOR EXIT PROCEDURES FOR TRAINING

26-1. The alternate door exit procedures for training options are used when jumping the T-10 , MC-1 series, T11 and MC-6 parachutes. This training safety measure allows the maximum number of parachutists to exit the
aircraft with a minimum risk of high altitude entanglements.
OPTION 1
26-2. During a single pass over the drop zone, only one stick of parachutists on one side of the aircraft jumps.
After issuing the eighth jump command, the JM turns toward the paratroop door and regains control of his static
line. He is positioned close enough to the door to control the flow of jumpers but far enough back not to impede
the jumpers movement to the door. The JM controls the No. 1 jumper by grasping the jumpers saddle. When
the jump caution lights turn green, the JM (on the active door for the pass) issues the ninth jump command, GO,
to the first parachutist and taps him on the thigh. The JM controls the flow of parachutists (performing a visual
inspection of each parachutist, his static line, and his equipment as he approaches the door) and observes the
jump caution lights. The safety takes the static lines.
26-3. Once the last parachutist exits the active door, the safety visually clears to the rear, gives the loadmaster a
thumbs up signal, and with the assistance of the loadmaster and or static line retriever, pulls in the static lines
and deployment bags.
26-4. During the pass, the JM in the inactive door performs outside air safety checks and then observes the
actions in the active door, since (under this option) he will not have any parachutists exiting his door. (USMC
and USN utilize one door; the other door remains closed and unmanned. Therefore, only ONE JM and ONE
Safety are needed.)
26-5. Subsequent passes alternate from door to door until all parachutists have exited. The AJM is the last
parachutist on his side of the aircraft. The JM is the last parachutist onboard the aircraft, and he exits from his
door.
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Chapter 26
OPTION 2
26-6. During a single pass over the drop zone, one stick of parachutists exit from the JMs door, followed by a
stick of parachutists from the AJMs door. After issuing the eighth jump command, the JM turns toward the
paratroop door and regains control of his static line. He is positioned close enough to the door to control the
flow of jumpers but far enough back not to impede the jumpers movement to the door. The JM controls the No.
1 jumper by grasping the jumpers saddle. When the jump caution lights turn green, the JM (on the primary
door for the pass) issues the ninth jump command, GO, to the first parachutist and taps him on the thigh. The
JM controls the flow of parachutists (performing a visual inspection of each parachutist, his static line, and his
equipment as he approaches the door) and observes the jump caution lights. The safety takes the static lines.
26-7. The AJM observes the actions in the JMs door. When he sees only three parachutists remaining in the
JMs stick, he faces his parachutists and issues the eighth jump command. When the AJM sees the last
parachutist clear the jump platform in the JMs door, he turns and rechecks his jump caution lights. (The JM is
now observing the actions in the AJMs door.)
26-8. If the jump caution lights are still green, the AJM verbally issues the ninth jump command, GO, to his
first parachutist and taps him on the thigh. He controls the flow of parachutists (performing a visual inspection
of each parachutist and his equipment as he approaches the door) and observes the jump caution lights. The
safety takes the static lines.
26-9. When the last parachutist exits from his side of the aircraft (last pass), the AJM gives his static line to the
safety, checks the jump caution lights, and, if they are green, exits. The JM, seeing the AJM exit, passes his
static line to the safety, checks the jump caution lights, and, if they are green, exits.
26-10.
Safety personnel visually clear to the rear of the aircraft and give the loadmaster a thumbs up signal.
They help the loadmaster recover static lines and deployment bags.
SECTION II MASS EXITS

26-11. This exit procedure is used only when jumping the T-10 series or T-11 parachute. During this type of
exit, parachutists may exit from both doors at the same time. The JM commands GO, and then the AJM turns
and commands his jumper GO to create a staggered effect.
26-2
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Chapter 27
Combat Airborne Operations

This chapter describes allowable combat techniques for airborne operations. These
procedures may deviate from those used in peacetime operations. Before modifying
familiar peacetime techniques, commanders should conduct a detailed risk assessment.
Failure to do so can cause unnecessary loss of combat power and additional casualties to
care for on the DZ. Commanders should ensure any changes are thoroughly briefed,
understood, and rehearsed during troop leading procedures and prejump training. Within
the constraints discussed in this chapter, major Army commands (MACOMs) should
develop their own combat procedures based on their mission, organizational structure,
and level of training.
SECTION I MODIFICATIONS TO PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT

PROCEDURES
27-1. Personnel and equipment can be dropped in any sequence that best supports the ground tactical plan.
Commanders may modify peacetime aircraft, serial, and formation interval rules based on mission, enemy,
terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, civil considerations (METT-TC). Below are
some considerations that the commander may utilize:
All aircraft are loaded to the maximum.
The right connector snap of the reserve parachute used with the T-10 series and MC-1 series
parachute does not require a safety wire.
The waistband, if not used, is rolled and secured with a piece of masking tape to keep it out of the
way.
Jumpers should only carry minimum mission essential equipment to make room for ammunition.
Commanders should determine, based on METT-T, when jumpers should hook up. If faced with a
well developed enemy air defense threat, jumpers should be directed to stand up prior to entering the
threat zone.
The green light should go on to achieve the desired PI. There is no requirement for safety buffers on
the lead or trail edge of the DZ, provided there are no obstacles. The red light should not go on unless
there is a significant hazard (such as a large body of water) or the aircraft is scheduled to continue to
another DZ.
Weapons should be rigged in the M1950 weapons case. (A magazine is loaded, weapon placed on
safe, and no round chambered.) Jumping weapons exposed does not significantly decrease the time
required to place the weapon into action. More importantly, with jumpers and jumpmasters executing
procedures that they have not rehearsed, jumpers are more likely to become entangled or towed. The
M1950 weapons case is equipped with a quick-release zipper. The jumper should not try to unzip the
zipper but should grasp the tab thong and pull upward sharply (as if to finish zipping completely).
When the slide fastener disengages, the zipper teeth will uncouple the length of the M1950.
Leaders and JMs should consider the heavy and nonstandard loads paratroopers carry. An
excessively heavy load or protruding object may prevent a jumpers strong exit. More importantly,
the load may become an obstacle and may result in the failure of a stick to exit.
Jumpmasters should either lead or follow their sticks out on combat jumps. Commanders should
load-plan their jumpmasters to come from the lead or trail edge units, thereby landing closer to their
objectives. Jumpmasters may jump in the stick closest to their exit points. If safeties are designated to
jump, they should come from the trail edge unit. They should rig as late as possible to conduct their
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Chapter 27
required safety checks unencumbered. Safeties must continue to control static lines until all jumpers
have exited the aircraft.
CAUTION
Soldiers and leaders should not abandon training techniques just because
they are in combat. Do a detailed risk assessment to ensure changes are
necessary. Ensure changes are well briefed, understood by all, and
rehearsed during prejump training.
Parachutists may be briefed to pop and go, leaving all their air items where they land. If the DZ is
under enemy attack and it is necessary to find cover and start fighting, they may drop their weapons
cases and reserves, activate both canopy release assemblies, and move out, leaving their harnesses on
to be discarded later. METT-T may require a follow-on airland. Jumpers should be briefed to bag
and go if they land near a runway or taxiway. This means the jumper places his parachute in the kit
bag and leaves it upside down no closer than 10 meters from the active runway or taxiway. METT-T
determines whether units designate a clean side or dirty side of the active runway or taxiway.
Drop altitude is determined by coordination between the airborne commander and the air mission
commander. The JTF commander makes the final jump altitude decision. When conducting risk
assessment, commanders are advised of the altitude chart located in Chapter 26 and are reminded of
the 135-foot altimeter error. If the decision is made to jump at 600 feet AGL or lower, prejump
training should include the proper modifications (such as lowering equipment after the second point
of performance).
Leaders should jump their own radios. Radio frequencies should be accessible, short whip antennas
screwed in, and handsets plugged in. Leader radios are ready to go immediately after landing.
SECTION II MOVEMENT FROM ASSEMBLY AREAS

27-2. The quicker assault objectives are secured, the better the odds for a successful mission. Units should
proceed to the assault objective in accordance with unit SOP, and with the following considerations:
Determine minimum force required to seize and secure the assault objective. When that force has
assembled (to include any lost troopers from other units), the senior leader of the group may begin
the assault on the objective in accordance with the commanders intent.
Leaders should never bypass a Soldier on the DZ. Every Soldier wandering around ought to be
either pointed in the right direction or integrated with that leaders unit.
SECTION III LANDING PLAN

27-3. The development of the landing plan must be thorough. Assembly areas must be selected. A heavy drop
plan with multiple HD impact points along the length and across the width of the DZ may be necessary. Offset
HDs as required. Landing plans should include the following considerations:
Vehicle drivers and equipment operators should land in the same sector of the DZ where the impact
point for their equipment is located. Commanders must spread the HD impact points along the entire
DZ. They do not saturate one small sector of the DZ, thus making a lucrative enemy target. They
must consider the time and distance factors where load No. 1 and load No. 2 from the same aircraft
will land. For example, delivering a howitzer and its prime mover from the same aircraft ensures they
both land on the same DZ but are physically separated. The crew should be cross-loaded accordingly.
Ground unit commanders adjust loads and HD impact points so howitzers and prime movers land at
or near the same point. If the crew cannot locate their assigned prime mover right away, they should
take the nearest one they can find and move out.
Crew members should not waste time looking for a particular bumper number on the DZ. If the
vehicle belongs to the unit, recover it.
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October 2013
Combat Airborne Operations
Ground unit commanders carefully plan CDS delivery. Rather than dropping the CDS in the center of
the DZ, they must drop it along the edge of the DZ or on the unit assembly area. If a CDS is needed
later, GUCs deliver it on or near the assault objective. Regardless of the decision as to where and
when the CDS is needed, they must plan carefully so that backhauling is reduced.
SECTION IV HEAVY DROP LOADS

27-4. Minimum essential HD loads should precede the personnel drop. Other important HD equipment should
follow the assault personnel drop as soon as possible. Units cannot fight without heavy weapons, vehicles, and
ammunition bundles. Peacetime safety rules require a 30 minute to one hour separation between personnel
drops and HD unless the HD is delivered first. These rules do not apply in combat. Door bundles loads can be
dropped from any aircraft. Bundles should be exited on the green light with troops following immediately.
SECTION V INJURED PERSONNEL

27-5. Mission completion is paramount in combat. Soldiers will want to provide aid to their buddies injured
during the jump, but speed is critical, and every fighter is needed to seize and secure the assault objective.
Therefore, injured personnel are cared for as follows:
Medics must quickly join and move to the assault objectives with their assigned units. Medics should
not stop on the DZ to care for injured parachutists (nonlife-threatening casualties); injured jumpers
will be cared for later.
Jumpers must be briefed and understand that they cannot stop on the DZ to help their buddies who
were hurt during the jump and who received non-life threatening injuries.
Note. The most effective way to aid an injured paratrooper on the DZ is to eliminate the enemy
threat.
SECTION VI SUPPLIES
27-6. Units should obtain more critical items than are actually needed for mission accomplishment to
compensate for those items that are damaged or destroyed during the airdrop. Below are some considerations
that must be utilized during the planning phase:
Resupply and ammunition replenishment are the parachutists most serious problem. Commanders
should devise alternate methods of insertion for items such as light antitank weapons, antitank mines,
RAAWs, mortar rounds, or radio batteries. They should not rely on the individual paratrooper.
Keep door bundles rigid and light when exiting jumpers after them. Litters provide an excellent
platform on which to build door bundles. They provide rigidity and a means to move the load quickly
while on the ground.
CAUTION
Soldiers should train as they fight, and fight as they train. Do not let heavy
loads exceed the capabilities of the jumpers just because of combat
conditions.
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27-3
Appendix A
Refresher Training
Airborne refresher training is required for personnel who have not jumped within a sixmonth period. The length of the refresher training depends on the proficiency of the
parachutist. Table A-1 shows the minimum requirements. Airborne refresher training will
be instructed and documented by a qualified and current JM. Individual service
components may modify these requirements depending on training aids and equipment
availability.
Table A-1. Minimum requirements of airborne refresher training
Period Hours
Lesson
Training Aids/Equipment
Sustained Airborne Training (prejump) to

include PLFS (front, side, and rear) and
methods of recovery.
2-foot PLF platforms, sawdust pit,

and mock door.
Fitting and wearing the T-10/T-11 series,

MC-1 series, MC-6 series parachute and
life preservers; demonstration of the
correct rigging, attaching, and lowering
procedures for approved and tested
equipment in use by the training unit.
Watch MC-6 canopy control video.
TOE and TDA equipment, T-10/T11-series, MC-1 series, MC-6

series parachute assemblies, life
preservers, approved and tested
equipment in use by the training
unit. MC-6 video.
Actions in the aircraft rehearsal, proper exit

procedures, sequence of jump commands,
all jump commands, first two points of
performance.
Mock door structures and 5-foot

static lines with snap hooks.
Control of canopy, turns, slips,

entanglements, emergency landings,
landing attitude, and activation of the
reserve.
Suspended harness apparatus (if

available) and swing landing
trainer apparatus (if available).
Door exit procedure rehearsal, sequence

of first three points of performance,
releasing equipment containers, and
activation of reserve.
34-foot tower (if available) and

troop parachute harness.
Parachute jump.
Aircraft, parachutes, DZ, unit

equipment. (Must be executed
within 30 days.)
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A-1
Appendix B
Jumpmaster Training Course

The Jumpmaster Training Course is the standard U.S. Army course of instruction
designed to qualify individuals as JMs for conventional static line parachuting. It is the
standard for all airborne unit activities. The course is approximately two weeks long and
contains 97 hours of instruction.
Subject
Scope
In-processing
Administrative in-processing of class.
1.0
Orientation and
Administration
Orientation on the course requirements that the student

must meet to include student handouts, questionnaires,
the entire training schedule, and the grading system
used to evaluate students.
1.0
Duties and
Responsibilities of the
Jumpmaster and
Safety
Discussion of the duties and responsibilities of the

jumpmaster and safety personnel from the time of
notification until completion of the airborne operation.
2.0
Individual Equipment
Containers
Discussion of the characteristics and nomenclature of

individual equipment containers to include a
demonstration on the correct rigging, attachment, and
lowering procedures for the ALICE pack, MOLLE pack,
M1950 weapons case, and AT4JP.
2.0
Army Aircraft
Orientation
Familiarization with the preparation, inspection, and

jump procedures for the UH-1 series, UH-60 series, and
CH-47 series helicopters.
1.0
Jumpmaster
Personnel Inspection
Demonstration of the correct method of inspecting a

parachutist and attached combat equipment. Remaining
hours are spent on practical exercise using two-man
buddy teams, where the student is required to conduct a
personnel inspection and find and report major and
minor rigging deficiencies that have been placed in the
parachute assembly and attached equipment. Students
are changed over often to ensure all receive the same
amount of inspection time.
37.0
USAF Aircraft
General aircraft descriptions, jumpmaster procedures,

and aircraft preparations. Critical elements of airborne
operations are the aircraft and drop altitudes. These
aircraft are service tested and approved for troop drops.
Minimum jump altitude and considerations that apply to
basic airborne jumps, tactical training jumps, and
combat jumps are discussed.
1.0
Prejump Training
Discussion of the five points of performance and

methods of activating the reserve, towed parachutist
procedures, collisions, entanglements, and the three
types of emergency landings.
1.0
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Hours
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Appendix B
B-2
Subject
Scope
Hours
A-Series Containers
Discussion of the characteristics, capabilities, and

methods of packing, rigging, and inspecting the A-series
containers, and how to attach and inspect the cargo
parachute.
2.0
Duties and
Responsibilities of the
DZSO/DZSTL
Discussion of the prerequisites to perform duties as the

drop zone support team leader (DZSTL), drop zone
safety officer (DZSO), assistant drop zone safety officer
(ADZSO). Discussion of tactical DZ assessment and
composition of the team for different airdrop scenarios.
Scoring procedures using AF Form 168 are included.
1.0
Jump Commands,
Door Procedures, and
Door Bundle Ejection
Procedures
Demonstration and practical exercise of the proper

sequence of jump commands and time warnings -with
proper arm-and-hand signals; the door procedures used
by a jumpmaster; and door bundle ejection procedures
using aircraft mock-ups. Remaining time is spent for
practical exercise in the mock-ups (or actual aircraft).
4.0
CARP Drop Zones
Additional discussion includes drop zone surveys (USAF

Form 3823, DZ Survey, formerly MAC Form 339).
Discussion of the methods of marking drop zones for
CARP. Discussion of drop zone selection factors.
Practical exercise on determining the mean effective
wind and use of authorized anemometers.
Familiarization with drop zone marking requirements for
day and night airborne operations. Discussion of ADEPT
options (1, 2, and mass exits).
2.0
Nomenclature
Examination
Written nomenclature examination.
0.5
Review and Critique
Brief review of the previous weeks instruction to ensure

all questions and tasks are clear.
1.0
Nomenclature
Examination Retest
Personnel who failed the initial test are retested.
0.5
Written Examination
Written comprehensive examination which covers all

instruction that has been presented.
1.0
Jumpmaster
Pre-Examination
Each student inspects three parachutiststwo with no

combat equipment and one combat-equipped
parachutist (5-minute time limit).
4.0
Jumpmaster
Examination
Each student inspects three parachutiststwo with no

combat equipment and one combat-equipped
parachutist (5-minute time limit).
3.0
Jumpmaster
Retest
2.0
Prejump Training
Examination
Oral presentation by each student to determine his

ability to effectively conduct prejump training.
6.0
Jumpmaster Briefing
A briefing on all airborne operations and grading

procedures.
Aircraft Inspection
Class
Practical exercise on aircraft inspection procedures

using the C-130 or C-17.
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1.0
October 2013
Jumpmaster Training Course
Subject
Scope
Hours
Written Examination
Retest
Day Practical Work in

Aircraft Examination
Graded practical exercise jumpmaster-qualifying

personnel with attached equipment. Half the students
are graded while the other half act as their jumpers. A
second lift is required to test the second half of the
class.
Maintenance of Air
Items
Inspection, maintenance, and turn-in of all air items

used during the airborne operations.
1.0
Out-processing
Administrative out-processing the class.
2.0
Graduation
October 2013
1.0
10.0
1.0
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Appendix C
Jumpmaster Refresher Course

The Jumpmaster Refresher Course is designed to update qualified JMs who are not in a
current status in accordance with Chapter 7. It ensures that standardization of course
content is maintained. The unit designated to conduct this course ensures that equipment
normally used is available for this training. The course will be instructed and documented
by a current and qualified JM. Any unit having special requirements, such as nonstandard
aircraft or special items of equipment, may add periods of instruction to the course as
needed. Individual service components may modify these requirements depending on
training aids and equipment availability.
Subject
Scope
Hours
Individual Equipment
Characteristics and nomenclature of individual

equipment containers. Demonstration of the correct
rigging, attaching, and lowering procedures for
approved and tested equipment in use by the training
unit.
1.0
Jumpmaster Personnel
Inspection
Demonstration of the correct method for inspecting a

parachutist with attached combat equipment. Practical
exercise uses two-man buddy teams, where the
individual is required to conduct a personnel
inspection and find/report major and minor rigging
deficiencies that have been placed in the parachute
assembly and attached equipment. Personnel
changed often to ensure all receive the same amount
of inspection time.
2.0
Prejump Training
Discussion of the five points of performance and

methods of activating the reserve, towed parachutist
procedures, collisions, entanglements, and the three
types of emergency landings.
0.5
Drop Zone Support

Teams, DZ
Procedures, and DZ
Formulas
Discussion and familiarization of the prerequisites to

perform duties as the DZSTL, DZSO, ADZSO; and
composition of the team for different airdrop
scenarios. Scoring procedures using AF Form 4304.
1.0
Jump Commands,
Rigging Procedures,
Spotting Procedures,
Door Procedures, and
Door Bundle Ejection
Procedures, CRCC
Discussion and practical exercise of the proper

sequence of jump commands and time warnings with
appropriate arm-and-hand signals, door procedures
used by the jumpmaster, and door bundle ejection
procedures. A demonstration is given using aircraft
mock-ups. The remaining time is spent for practical
exercise in the mock-ups (or actual aircraft).
1.0
CARP Drop Zones
Additional discussion of methods of marking drop

zones for computed air release point. Students are
familiarized with drop zone marking requirements for
day and night airborne operations.
1.0
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Appendix D
Emergency Landings
An airborne airdrop is an inherently high risk operation. When water, wire, or tree
obstacles are on or close to the intended drop zone, the jumpers face an even higher risk
of injury. This appendix
Provides planning considerations for water, wire, and tree emergency landings.
Aids the commander in conducting a DZ risk assessment analysis.
Provides the commander, DZSO/DZSTL, and JM with operational and logistical planning
measures to lower the risks jumpers might encounter during airborne operations.
Individual service components may modify these requirements based on the availability
of training aids and equipment. They will also follow their service risk assessment
procedures and regulations.
WARNING
Do not remove your OTV if worn. Tree and wire landings only.
SECTION I WATER OBSTACLES

D-1. A water obstacle is any body of water (for example, a lake, pond, river, stream, or canal) that has a depth
of four feet or more, is 40 feet wide or wider, and is located within 1000 meters of any edge of the surveyed or
tactically assessed DZ.
RISK ASSESSMENT ANALYSIS

D-2. When making a training parachute jump DZ risk assessment, the commander should consider the
proximity of the water obstacle to the DZ, the depth of the water obstacle, and the width of the water obstacle.
Additionally, the following factors may enter into the water obstacle risk assessment: the condition of the water
obstacle bottom, the current of a free flowing water obstacle, water temperature, the number of obstacles, the
equipment available to reduce the risk level, jumper experience levels, jump time (day or night and percent of
illumination), and whether or not the selected DZ is critical to mission success. The following risk categories
are assigned to DZs with water obstacles:
High risk. A high risk condition exists if a water obstacle is within 1000 meters of any edge of the
DZ, water depth is four feet or more, and water is 40 feet wide or wider. If a high risk condition
exists, it will be necessary to use a boat detail and have approved life preservers on the jumpers. If
the water is four feet deep or more, but not over 40 feet wide, a boat detail is not required. However,
approved life preservers are still required for the jumpers.
Medium risk. A medium risk condition exists if a water obstacle is more than 1000 meters but less
than 1500 meters from any edge of the DZ, water depth is four feet or more, and water is 40 feet
wide or wider.
Low risk. A low risk condition exists if a water obstacle is more than 1500 meters from any edge of
the DZ, water depth is four feet or more, and water is 40 feet wide or wider.
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Appendix D
PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
D-3. The commander, DZSO/DZSTL, and JM perform the actions described below to reduce the risks
associated with water obstacles.
COMMANDER
D-4. The commanders responsibilities are:
Ensure a risk assessment analysis has been conducted to determine the unintentional water landing
risk level for jumpers. If a high risk exists, select (if possible) an alternate DZ that allows mission
conduct at a lower risk level.
Ensure a follow on assessment has been made to determine whether the jumpers risk level has
changed.
Ensure that key leaders, JMs, and jumpers have been informed of the water obstacle risks and the
risk level (high, medium, or low).
Ensure USAF Form 3823, DZ Survey (formerly MAC Form 339), is current and available. Ensure
the DZSO/DZSTL and JM have read it and completely understand the unintentional water landing
risk level and the safety measures that are to be used.
If a boat detail is used, ensure the DZSO/DZSTL and the unit providing the detail have properly
conducted initial or refresher training. Ensure the OIC/NCOIC of the boat detail knows where and
when the detail begins its duties and how to contact the DZSO/DZSTL.
Ensure that approved life preservers are coordinated for if used.
Ensure the DZSO/DZSTL, JM/AJM, safeties, and jumpers are informed of all water obstacle risks
and that the DZSO/DZSTL and JM complete their duties.
DZSO/DZSTL
D-5. The DZSOs/DZSTLs responsibilities are:
Determine if a follow on assessment of the DZ has been conducted to confirm the current status.
If the risk assessment indicates high risk and a boat detail is necessary, ensure the OIC/NCOIC is
fully briefed on the plan. Ensure all boat detail personnel have been trained and have all necessary
equipment available to conduct the mission.
Read all applicable regulations, FMs, and SOPs. Ensure copies are present throughout mission.
JUMPMASTER
D-6. The jumpmasters responsibilities are:
If approved life preservers are to be used, ensure they have been inspected within the last 180 days
and are serviceable, and that all jumpers have been trained on life preserver wear, fit, and use (to
include manual inflation).
Ensure all personnel have received prejump training within 48 hours prior to drop time, with special
emphasis on unintentional water landings.
Water Obstacle Coverage. Each water obstacle may require a different type of coverage. The
following is an example composition of a boat detail. Equipment should be altered to best
accomplish the mission.
Act as the OIC/NCOIC (qualified as a boat operator) and assistant boat operator.
Qualified boat operators one primary and one assistant for each boat.
Recovery personnel are two for each boat (one may be lifeguard qualified and combat lifesaver
certified). All boat detail personnel should be strong swimmers.
RECOVERY BOAT TEAM

D-7. Each recovery boat team may need the following equipment:
Boat (Zodiac RB 10 or solid bodied boat of comparable size) with operable outboard motor.
D-2
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Emergency Landings
Enough fuel/oil to complete the mission.

Life vest/floatation device for each boat detail member and additional floatation devices for jumpers.
Life ring with attached rope1.
Radio with spare battery1.
Shepherds crook1.
Grappling hook1.
Long backboard to facilitate CPR1.
Aid bag with resuscitation equipment1.
Rope, 120 feet long1.
D-8. For night recovery operations, each recovery boat must have operational night vision devices with spare
batteries: two for each boat.
OPTIONAL TRAINING
D-9. The following optional training is suggested:
Suspended harness training on second through fifth points of performance may be given. Step by step
training on the procedures jumpers will take for an unintentional water landing may be conducted.
An optional dunk tank training device may be constructed to allow the lowering of jumpers (wearing
parachute harness and B-5 or B-7 life preserver) into the water. This training familiarizes the jumpers
with the proper emergency water landing procedures.
SECTION II WIRE
D-10. A wire obstacle is a wire or set of wires (regardless of height or type) located within 1000 meters of any
edge of the surveyed or tactically assessed DZ. The types of wire obstacles that could pose a risk to jumpers are
power, telephone, or cable television wires. Wire fence can be regarded as an obstacle if it will pose a hazard to
jumpers. Power line capacity (voltage or amperage) is not a factor when determining the risk to jumpers who
may come in contact with a wire obstacle on or near the DZ.
CAUTION
Regardless of voltage or current carrying capacity, if a power line is located
within 1000 meters of any edge of the surveyed or tactically assessed DZ,
the power should be cut off before using the DZ, if possible.

proximity of the wire obstacle to the DZ, the height of the wire obstacle, the number of obstacles, the equipment
available to reduce the risk level, jumper experience levels, drop time (day or night and percent of illumination),
and whether or not the selected DZ is critical to mission success. The following risk categories are assigned to
DZs with wire obstacles:
High Risk. A high risk condition exists if a wire obstacle is within 1000 meters of any edge of the
DZ. If a high risk condition exists, it may be necessary to have a recovery detail at the DZ.
Medium Risk. A medium risk condition exists if a wire obstacle is more than 1000 meters but less
than 1500 meters from any edge of the DZ.
Low Risk. A low risk condition exists if a wire obstacle is more than 1500 meters from any edge of
the DZ.
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D-3
Appendix D
D-12. The commander, DZSO/DZSTL, and JM perform the actions described below to reduce the risks
associated with wire obstacles.
COMMANDER
D-13. Commanders must
Ensure a risk assessment analysis has been conducted to determine the unintentional wire landing
risk level for jumpers. If a high risk exists, select (if possible) an alternate DZ which allows mission
conduct at a lower risk level.
changed.
Ensure that key leaders, JMs, and jumpers have been informed of the wire obstacle risks and the risk
level (high, medium, or low).
Ensure USAF Form 3823, DZ Survey (formerly MAC Form 339), is current and available.
Ensure the DZSO/DZSTL and JM have read it and completely understand the wire landing risk level
and the safety measures to be used.
Ensure the DZSO/DZSTL and the unit providing the detail have properly conducted initial or
refresher training if a recovery detail is used. Ensure the OIC/NCOIC of the recovery detail knows
where and when the detail begins its duties and how to contact the DZSO/DZSTL.
Ensure the DZSO/DZSTL, JM/AJM, and jumpers have been informed of all wire obstacle risks.
Ensure the DZSO/DZSTL and JM complete their duties.
DZSO/DZSTL
D-14. DZSO/DZSTL must
Ensure that the OIC/NCOIC is fully briefed on the plan if the risk assessment indicates high risk and
a recovery detail is utilized. Ensure all recovery personnel have been trained and have all necessary
equipment available to them to conduct the mission.
Ensure that coordination with the power company has been made to cut off the power not later than
one hour prior to drop time, if possible. DZSTL must have direct contact with whomever will turn
off the power if a jumper is drifting towards or becomes entangled in the wires and a plan to recover
parachutists from wires. Ensure all recovery personnel have been trained and have all necessary
Read all applicable regulations, FMs, and SOPs. Ensure copies are present throughout mission.
JUMPMASTER
D-15. Jumpmaster must
Ensure all personnel have been briefed on the wire obstacles.
Ensure all personnel have received prejump training within 48 hours prior to drop time with special
emphasis on unintentional wire landings.
COVERAGE
D-16. Each wire obstacle may require different types of coverage. Equipment should be altered to best
accomplish the mission. The following is an example composition of a recovery detail:
OIC/NCOIC and assistant.
Enough personnel to recover jumpers who may become entangled in the wire obstacles.
A recovery team may need the following equipment:
Radios with spare batteries2 (1 for OIC/NCOIC and 1 for recovery team).
Grappling hook1.
D-4
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October 2013
Emergency Landings
Tree climbing kit1.

Ropes, 120 feet long2.
Wood poles 15 feet long2.
Wood extension ladder, 20 feet long1.
Snap links4.
For night recovery operations, the following equipment should be added:
Night vision devices (with spare batteries) for each team.
Operational flashlights (with spare batteries) for each team.
OPTIONAL TRAINING
D-17. Optional training includes suspended harness training on the second through fifth points of performance.
Step by step training on the procedures jumpers take for unintentional wire landings may be conducted.
SECTION III TREES

D-18. A tree obstacle is any tree or group of trees that are on, around, or within 1000 meters of any edge of the
drop zone.

proximity of the tree obstacles to the DZ, the number of obstacles, the equipment available to reduce the risk
level, jumper experience levels, drop time (day or night and percent of illumination), and whether or not the
selected DZ is critical to mission success. The following risk categories are assigned to DZs with tree obstacles:
High risk. A high risk condition exists if a tree or group of trees are within 1000 meters of the DZ or
are on any edge of the DZ and have a height of 35 feet or more. If a high risk condition exists, it may
be necessary to have a recovery detail present at the DZ.
Medium risk. A medium risk condition exists if a tree or group of trees is on or within 1000 meters
of any edge of the DZ and have a height of 20 to 35 feet
Low risk. A low risk condition exists if a tree obstacle having a height of less than 20 feet is on or
within 1000 meters of any edge of the drop zone.
D-20. The commander, DZSO/DZSTL, and JM perform the following actions to reduce the risks associated
with tree obstacles.
COMMANDER
D-21. Commanders must
Ensure a risk assessment analysis has been established to determine the tree landing risk level for
jumpers. If a high risk exists, select (if possible) an alternate DZ that allows mission conduct at a
lower risk level.
changed.
Ensure that key leaders, JMs, and jumpers have been informed of the tree obstacle risks and the risk
level (high, medium, or low).
Ensure USAF Form 3823, DZ Survey (formerly MAC Form 339), is current and available. Ensure
the DZSO/DZSTL and JM have read it and completely understand the tree landing risk level and the
recovery measures to be used.
October 2013
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D-5
Appendix D
Ensure DZSO/DZSTL and the unit providing the detail have properly conducted initial or refresher
training if a recovery detail is used. Ensure the OIC/NCOIC of the recovery detail knows where and
when the detail begins its duties and how to contact the DZSO/DZSTL.
Ensure that the DZSO/DZSTL, JM/AJM, and jumpers have been informed of all tree obstacle risks
and that the DZSO/DZSTL and JM complete their duties.
DZSO/DZSTL
D-22. DZSO/DZSTL must
If the risk assessment indicates high risk and a recovery detail is used, ensure that the OIC/NCOIC is
fully briefed on the plan. Ensure all recovery personnel have been trained and have all necessary
Read all applicable regulations, FMs, and SOPs; ensure copies are present throughout mission.
JUMPMASTER
D-23. Jumpmasters must
Ensure all personnel have been briefed on the tree obstacles.
Ensure all personnel have received prejump training within 48 hours prior to drop time, with special
emphasis on unintentional tree landings.
COVERAGE
D-24. Each tree obstacle may require a different type of coverage. Equipment should be altered to best
accomplish the mission. The following is an example composition of a recovery detail.
OIC/NCOIC and assistant.
Enough personnel to recover jumpers who may become entangled in the tree obstacles.
A recovery team may need the following equipment:
Radios with spare batteries2 (one for OIC/NCOIC and one for recovery team).
Grappling hook1.
Tree climbing kit1.
Ropes, 120 feet long2.
Wood poles 15 feet long2.
Wooden extension ladder 20 feet long1.
Snap links4.
For night recovery operations, the following equipment should be added:
Night vision devices (with spare batteries) for each team.
Operational flashlights (with spare batteries) for each team.
Optional Training
D-25. Optional training includes suspended harness training on the second through fifth points of performance.
Step by step training on the procedures jumpers will take for unintentional tree landings may be conducted.
SECTION IV AIDS
D-26. This section provides four tables to aid the leader in assessing risk.
DROP ZONE RISK ASSESSMENT DECISION MATRIX

D-27. Table D-1 shows the DZ risk assessment decision matrix.
D-6
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Emergency Landings
Table D-1. Drop zone risk assessment decision matrix

High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
Water
Within 1000 meters

of any edge of DZ,
more than four feet
deep, and more
than 40 feet wide.
More than 1000 meters but

less than 1500 meters from
any edge of DZ, more than
four feet deep, and more
than 40 feet wide.
More than 1500 meters

from any edge of DZ, more
than four feet deep, and
more than 40 feet wide.
Wire
Within 1000 meters

of any edge of DZ.
More than 1000 meters but

less than 1500 meters from
any edge of DZ.
More than 1500 meters

from any edge of DZ.
Tree Or
Trees
Within 1000 meters

of any edge of DZ
and 35 feet tall or
taller.
Within 1000 meters of any

edge of DZ.
Within 1000 meters of any

edge of DZ, but less than
20 feet tall.
Obstacle
Training
and
Equipment
Required.
Recommended, but at
commanders discretion.
Not required.
LEADERS CHECKLISTS
D-28. This paragraph consists of three leaders checklists (Tables D-2 through D-4).
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D-7
Appendix D
Table D-2. Leaders checklist for possible water landings

Commander
_____
Risk assessment and follow-on assessment have been conducted.
_____
Key leaders, jumpmasters, and jumpers have been informed of water obstacle risks and the
_____
USAF Form 3823, DZ Survey (formerly MAC Form 339), is current and available; the
DZSO/DZSTL and JM have read it and completely understand the unintentional water landing
risk level and the safety measures that are to be used.
_____
The DZSO/DZSTL and OIC/NCOIC of the boat detail have been briefed and understand their
mission.
_____
Life preservers are coordinated for if used.
_____
The DZSO/DZSTL, JM/AJM, safeties, and jumpers have been informed of all water obstacle
risks.
_____
The DZSTL/DZSO and JM have completed their duties.
DZSO/DZSTL
_____
Risk assessment analysis has been conducted.
_____
If a boat detail is used, the OIC/NCOIC of the boat detail is fully briefed on the plan.
_____
All personnel have been trained and have all necessary equipment available to conduct the
mission.
_____
All applicable regulations, FMs, and SOPs have been read.
_____
The boat detail maintains communications throughout the mission. Communications are
established one hour prior to drop time and checked 15 minutes prior to drop time.
Jumpmaster
D-8
_____
All personnel have been briefed on the water obstacles.
_____
Life preservers have been inspected within the last 180 days and are serviceable.
_____
All jumpers have been trained on wear, fit, and use (to include manual inflation) of life
preservers.
_____
All personnel receive prejump training within 48 hours of drop time, with special emphasis on
unintentional water landings.
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October 2013
Emergency Landings
Table D-3. Leaders checklist for possible wire landings

Commander
_____
Risk assessment and follow-on assessment analysis have been conducted.
_____
Key leaders, jumpmasters, and jumpers are informed of wire obstacle risks and the
_____
USAF Form 3823, DZ Survey (formerly MAC Form 339), is current and available. The
DZSO/DZSTL and JM have read it and completely understand the wire landing risk level
and the safety measures that are to be used.
_____
The DZSO/DZSTL and the OIC/NCOIC of the recovery detail are briefed and understand
their mission.
_____
The DZSO/DZSTL, JM/AJM, safeties, and jumpers are informed of all wire obstacle risks.
_____
DZSTL/DZSO/JM complete their duties.
DZSO/DZSTL
_____
_____
If a recovery detail is used, the OIC/NCOIC of the recovery detail is fully briefed on the plan.
_____
mission.
_____
_____
The recovery detail maintains communications throughout the mission. Communications are
_____
The DZSTL has direct contact with who will turn off the power in the event a jumper is
drifting towards or becomes entangled in the power lines
Jumpmaster
_____
All personnel have been briefed on the wire obstacles.
_____
All personnel have received prejump training within 24 hours of drop time with special
emphasis on wire landings.
October 2013
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D-9
Appendix D
Table D-4. Leaders checklist for possible tree landings

Commander
_____
Risk assessment and follow-on assessment analysis have been conducted.
_____
Key leaders, jumpmasters, and jumpers are informed of tree obstacle risks and the risk level
(high, medium, or low).
_____
USAF Form 3823, DZ Survey (formerly MAC Form 339), is current and available. The
DZSO/DZSTL and JM have read it and completely understand the tree landing risk level and the
safety measures that are to be used.
_____
The DZSO/DZSTL and the OIC/NCOIC of the recovery detail are briefed and understand their
mission.
_____
The DZSO/DZSTL, JM/AJM, safeties, and jumpers are informed of all tree obstacle risks.
_____
The DZSTL/DZSO and JM have completed their duties.
DZSO/DZSTL
_____
_____
If a recovery detail is used, the recovery detail OIC/NCOIC is fully briefed on the plan.
_____
mission.
_____
_____
The recovery detail maintains communications throughout the mission. Communications are
Jumpmaster
D-10
_____
All personnel have been briefed on the wire obstacles.
_____
All personnel receive prejump training within 48 hours of drop time, with special emphasis on
unintentional tree landings.
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
Appendix E
Sustain Airborne Training

Airborne skills are perishable, and for safety, this training must be performed prior to all
conducting Airbrone operations. This chapter describes, in detail, the five points of
performance for each type of parachute system. It also serves as a guide for airborne
instructors on how to explain each system.
SECTION I T-11 PREJUMP

E-1. The five points of performance are individual actions that are essential on every parachute jump. Each of
the points, specific to the T-11 series parachute, are described in this section. Failure to perform any one point
correctly could result in a jump injury.
THE FIVE POINTS OF PERFORMANCE

E-2. The first point of performance is PROPER EXIT, CHECK BODY POSITION, AND COUNT.
JUMPERS HIT IT. Upon exiting the aircraft, snap into a good tight body position. Keep your eyes open, chin
on your chest, elbows tight into your sides, hands on the end of the reserve, with your fingers spread. Bend
forward at the waist keeping your feet and knees together, knees locked to the rear, and count to 6000.
E-3. At the end of your 6000 count, immediately go into your second point of performance, CHECK
CANOPY AND GAIN CANOPY CONTROL. When jumping the T-11 series parachute, reach up to the elbow
locked position and secure the front set of risers in each hand, simultaneously conducting a 360-degree check of
your canopy. Your slider should be fully extended and begin to slide down the suspension lines. If, during your
second point of performance, you find that you have twists, you must compare your rate of descent with your
fellow jumpers. If you are falling faster than your fellow jumpers or you cannot compare your rate of descent
with fellow jumpers, immediately activate your reserve parachute using the pull-drop method. If, you are not
falling faster than fellow jumpers, reach up and grasp a set of risers in each hand, thumbs down, knuckles to the
rear. Pull the risers apart, and begin a vigorous bicycling motion. When the last twist comes out, immediately
check canopy and gain canopy control.
E-4. Your third point of performance is KEEP A SHARP LOOKOUT DURING YOUR ENTIRE
DESCENT. Remember the three rules of the air and repeat them after me. Always look before you slip, always
slip in the opposite direction to avoid collision, and the lower jump always has the right of way. Avoid fellow
jumpers all the way to the ground by maintaining a 25-foot separation when jumping the T-11 series parachute.
At the end of your third point of performance, release all appropriate equipment tie-downs.
E-5. This brings you to your fourth point of performance, which is PREPARE TO LAND. At approximately
200 feet AGL, look below you to ensure there are no fellow jumpers and lower your equipment. When jumping
with the T-11 series parachute, you will slip into the wind at approximately 200 feet AGL. If the wind is
blowing from your left, reach up with both hands and grasp the left set of risers and pull them deep into your
chest. If the wind is blowing from your front, reach up with both hands and grasp the front set of risers and pull
them deep into your chest. If the wind is blowing from your right, reach up with both hands and grasp the right
set of risers and pull them deep into your chest. If the wind is blowing from your rear, reach up with both hands
and grasp the rear set of risers, and pull them deep into your chest. After you have slipped into the wind, you
will assume a landing attitude by keeping your feet and knees together, knees slightly bent, elbows tight into
your sides, with your head and eyes on the horizon.
October 2013
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E-1
Appendix E
Note. To aid the execution of slips, secure a firm hand hold by inserting the hand or hands into the
slip assist loop(s). If unable to secure the slip assist loop, slip assist tabs are sewn to each riser to aid in
gripping the risers.
E-6. The fifth point of performance is LAND. You will make a proper parachute landing fall (PLF) by
hitting all five points of contact. Touch them, and repeat them after me. 1) BALLS OF FEET, 2) CALF, 3)
THIGH, 4) BUTTOCKS AND 5) PULL UP MUSCLE. You will never attempt to make a standing landing.
E-7. Remain on your back, and activate one of your canopy release assemblies using either the hand-toshoulder method, or the hand-assist method. To activate your canopy release assembly using the hand-toshoulder method, reach up with either hand and grasp the corresponding safety clip. Pull out and down on the
safety clip, exposing the cable loop. Insert the thumb, from bottom to top, through the cable loop. Turn your
head in the opposite direction, and pull out and down on the cable loop. To activate your canopy release
assembly using the hand assist method, reach up and grasp the corresponding safety clip. Pull out and down
on the safety clip, exposing the cable loop. Insert the thumb, from bottom to top, through the cable loop.
Reinforce that hand with the other. Turn your head in the opposite direction, and pull out and down on the cable
loop. When jumping the T-11 series parachute, you will activate both canopy release assemblies. Place your
weapon into operation, remain on your back, and remove the parachute harness.
E-8. The next item I will cover is RECOVERY OF EQUIPMENT. Once you are out of the parachute
harness, remove all air items from the equipment rings. Unsnap and unzip the aviators kit bag and roll it twothirds of the way down. Place the parachute harness inside the aviators kit bag, with the smooth side facing up.
When jumping the T-11 series parachute, place the drogue parachute, deployment sleeve and bridle assembly
on top of the main canopy. Snap, do not zip, the aviators kit bag. Secure the reserve parachute to the aviators
kit bag, and place it over your head. Conduct a 360-degree check of your area and move out to your assembly
area.
E-9. The next item I will cover is TOWED JUMPER PROCEDURES. JUMPERS HIT IT. If you become a
towed jumper and are being towed by your USLM and are unconscious; you will be retrieved back inside the
aircraft. If you are conscious, maintain a good tight body position with both hands covering your rip cord handle
and an attempt will be made to retrieve you inside the aircraft. As you near the paratroop door, DO NOT
REACH FOR US. Continue to protect your rip cord handle. If you cannot be retrieved, your USLM will be cut.
Once you feel yourself falling free from the aircraft, immediately activate your reserve parachute using the pull
drop method.
E-10. If you are being towed by your equipment, regardless of whether you are conscious or unconscious, that
item of equipment will be cut or jogged free, and your main canopy will deploy.
Note. If you are being towed from a rotary-wing aircraft, maintain a good tight body position and
protect your rip cord handle. The aircraft will slowly descend to the DZ, come to a hover and the
jumpmaster will free you from the aircraft.
E-11. The next item I will cover is MALFUNCTIONS. There are two types of malfunctions, a total
malfunction and a partial malfunction. A total malfunction provides no-lift capability whatsoever; therefore you
must activate your reserve parachute using the PULL DROP METHOD. There are several types of partial
malfunctions and actions for each. If you have a semi-inversion, squid, cigarette roll, a complete inversion with
damage to the canopy or suspension lines, or a sleeve corner vent entanglement, you must activate your reserve
parachute for a partial malfunction. If you have a complete inversion with no damage to canopy or suspension
lines, do no activate your reserve parachute.
E-12. If you have damaged suspension lines, blown sections or gores, compare your rate of descent with your
fellow jumpers. If you are falling faster than your fellow jumpers, you will activate your reserve parachute
using the pull drop method. If you are not falling faster, maintain what you have.
E-2
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
E-13. I will now cover ACTIVATION OF THE T-11 RESERVE PARACHUTE SYSTEM. To activate the T11 reserve parachute, you will use the pull drop method. At the command, JUMPERS HIT IT, maintain a good,
tight body position. Grasp the rip cord handle with either hand. Throw your head back and to the rear, pull out
on the rip cord handle, and drop it. Your reserve will activate. Ensure neither hand is in front of the reserve
parachute as it deploys.
Note. If you activate your T-11 reserve parachute for a partial malfunction, any attempt to
control either canopy will be useless as one canopy acts as a brake for the other. When activating
your T-11 reserve for a total malfunction, let up on the reserve risers. Pull a good two riser slip,
opposite your direction of drift, during your fourth point of performance.
E-14. The next item I will cover is COLLISIONS AND ENTANGLEMENTS. At the command, JUMPERS
HIT IT, check canopy and gain canopy control. If you see another jumper approaching, immediately look, and
then slip/turn away. If you cannot avoid the collision, assume a spread eagle body position and attempt to
bounce off the jumpers canopy and or suspension lines and immediately look, and then slip away. If you pass
through the suspension lines and you do become entangled, snap into a modified position of attention. With
either hand protect your rip cord handle. With the opposite hand attempt to weave your way out of the
suspension lines the same way you entered, once clear immediately look then slip away. If you become
entangled, and are jumping the T-11 parachute, the higher jumper will climb down to the lower jumper using
the hand under hand method. Once both jumpers are even, they will face each other, and grasp each others left
main lift web. Both jumpers will discuss which PLF they will execute. Both jumpers will conduct the same
PLF. Neither jumper will execute a front PLF. Both jumpers will continue to observe their canopies all the way
to the ground. If one canopy collapses, neither jumper will activate their reserve parachute as one T-11 series
parachute can safely deliver two combat equipped jumpers to the ground. If both canopies collapse, both
jumpers will immediately turn away, in order to create a clear path and activate their reserve parachute using the
pull drop method. If you should find yourself on another jumpers canopy, double time off avoiding the bridle
line and slip away. Be sure to stay away from the corner vents located on all four corners of the canopy. Should
you fall through a vent or become entangled in the bridle line, stay where you are, and be prepared to execute a
proper PLF.
E-15. The next item I will cover is EMERGENCY LANDINGS. The first emergency landing I will cover is
the TREE LANDING. If you are drifting towards the trees, immediately look then slip away. If you cannot
avoid the trees, and have lowered your equipment, look below you to ensure there are no fellow jumpers, and
jettison your equipment making a mental note of where it lands. If you have not lowered your equipment, keep
it on you to provide extra protection while passing through the trees. At approximately 200 feet AGL, assume a
good landing attitude by keeping your feet and knees together, knees slightly bent, and head and eyes on the
horizon. When the balls of your feet make contact with the trees, rotate your hands in front of your face with
your elbows high. Be prepared to execute a proper PLF if you pass though the trees. If you get hung up in the
trees and you do not feel you can safely lower yourself to the ground, stay where you are and wait for
assistance.
E-16. If you decide to climb down, jettison all unneeded equipment. Ensure that you maintain your advanced
combat helmet/ ballistic helmet. Activate the quick release in your waistband. With either hand, apply inward
pressure on the rip cord assembly. With the opposite hand remove the top tuck tab. Maintain steady inward
pressure and with the opposite hand insert it behind the rip cord assembly and apply inward pressure. Grasp the
rip cord handle with the opposite hand, pull it and drop it. With both hands, control the activation of the reserve
parachute to the ground ensuring that all suspension lines are completely deployed. Disconnect the left
connector snap and rotate the reserve to the right. Attach the left connector snap to the triangle link on your
right side. Seat yourself well into the saddle. Activate the quick release in the chest strap and completely
remove the chest strap from the chest strap friction adapter. Grasp the main lift web with either hand below the
canopy release assembly and with the other hand activate the leg strap ejector snaps and climb down the outside
of the reserve parachute. Remember, when in doubt, stay where you are and wait for assistance.
October 2013
TC 3-21.220 (Final Draft)
E-3
Appendix E
Note. Caution must be taken when climbing down the T-11 Reserve parachute suspension lines
because of the slippery coating applied to the suspension lines.
E-17. The next emergency landing I will cover is the WIRE LANDING. If you are drifting towards wires,
immediately look and try to slip away. If you cannot avoid the wires, look below you to ensure there are no
fellow jumpers and jettison your equipment, making a mental note of where it lands. Ensure that you maintain
your advanced combat helmet/ballistic helmet. Assume a landing attitude by keeping your feet and knees
together, exaggerating the bend in your knees, your eyes open, and your chin on your chest. Place the palms of
your hands high on the inside of the front set of risers with the elbows locked. When the balls of your feet make
contact with the wires, begin a vigorous rocking motion in an attempt to pass through the wires. Be prepared to
execute a proper PLF in the event you pass through the wires. If you get hung up in the wires, do not attempt to
lower yourself to the ground. Stay where you are, and wait for assistance.
E-18. The next emergency landing I will cover is the WATER LANDING. If you are drifting towards a body
of water, immediately look then slip away. If you cannot avoid the water, look below you to ensure there are no
fellow jumpers and lower your equipment. Next, jettison your advanced combat helmet/ballistic helmet, making
a mental note of where it lands. Activate the quick release in the waistband. Disconnect the left connector snap
and rotate the reserve parachute to the right. Seat yourself well into the saddle and activate the quick release in
the chest strap completely removing the chest strap from the chest strap friction adapter. Regain canopy control.
Prior to entering the water, assume a landing attitude by keeping your feet and knees together, knees slightly
bent and place your hands on both leg strap ejector snaps. When the balls of your feet make contact with the
water, activate both leg strap ejector snaps, arch your back, throw your arms above your head and slide out of
the parachute harness. Be prepared to execute a proper PLF if the water is shallow. Swim upwind, or upstream,
away from the canopy. If the canopy comes down on top of you, locate a radial tape, and follow it to the skirt of
the canopy.
E-19. The next items I will discuss are MISSION ORIENTED ITEMS. (Since intentional water landing, night
operations, and operations under AWADS conditions require additional considerations, you must be prepared to
brief them to your jumpers.)
E-20. When jumping the B-7 LIFE PRESERVER, activate it in the air. Lower, but do not jettison your
equipment. Once in the water, activate both canopy release assemblies.
E-21. When jumping with the TFSS LIFE PRESERVER, jettison your advanced combat helmet/ballistic
helmet, making a mental note of where it lands. Activate the quick release in the waistband. Disconnect the left
connector snap and rotate the reserve parachute to the right. Seat yourself well into the saddle and activate the
quick release in the chest strap completely removing the chest strap from the chest strap friction adapter.
Activate the TFSS and regain canopy control. Prior to entering the water, assume a landing attitude by keeping
your feet and knees together, knees slightly bent and place your hands on both leg strap ejector snaps. When the
balls of your feet make contact with the water, activate both leg strap ejector snaps, arch your back, throw your
arms above your head and slide out of the parachute harness. Be prepared to execute a proper PLF if the water
is shallow. Swim upwind, or upstream, away from the canopy. If the canopy comes down on top of you, locate
a radial tape, and follow it to the skirt of the canopy.
E-22. When conducting NIGHT JUMPS, be sure to give your canopy an extra look and maintain noise and
light discipline all the way to the ground.
E-23. When jumping under AWADS conditions, do not lower your equipment until you have passed through
the clouds. Do not slip unless you have to avoid a collision. If you have any type of malfunction, you must
immediately activate your reserve parachute using the pull drop method, because you cannot compare your rate
of descent with your fellow jumpers. Ensure you recheck your canopy once you pass through the clouds.
E-4
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
E-24. At this time, we will move to the PARACHUTE LANDING FALL platform and execute one
satisfactory PLF in each of the four directions ensuring you conduct a proper PLF.
SECTION II T-10 PREJUMP

the points, specific to the T-10 series parachute, are described in this section. Failure to perform any one point

E-26. The first point of performance is PROPER EXIT, CHECK BODY POSITION AND COUNT.
JUMPERS HIT IT. Upon exiting the aircraft, snap into a good, tight body position. Keep your eyes open, chin
on your chest, elbows tight into your sides, place your hands on the end of the reserve, with your fingers spread.
Bend forward at the waist keeping your feet and knees together, knees locked to the rear and count to 4000.
E-27. At the end of your 4000 count, immediately go into the second point of performance, CHECK
CANOPY AND GAIN CANOPY CONTROL. When jumping the T-10 series parachute, reach up to the elbow
locked position and secure a set of risers in each hand, simultaneously conduct a 360-degree check of your
canopy. If, during your second point of performance, you find that you have twists, you must compare your rate
of descent with your fellow jumpers. If you are falling faster than your fellow jumpers or you cannot compare
your rate of descent with fellow jumpers, immediately activate your reserve parachute using the PULL-DROP
METHOD. If, you are not falling faster than fellow jumpers then reach up and grasp a set of risers in each hand,
thumbs down, knuckles to the rear. Pull the risers apart, and begin a vigorous bicycling motion. When the last
twist comes out, immediately check canopy and gain canopy control.
E-28. The third point of performance is KEEP A SHARP LOOKOUT DURING YOUR ENTIRE DESCENT.
Remember the three rules of the air and repeat them after me. Always look before you slip; always slip in the
opposite direction to avoid collisions, and the lower jumper always has the right of way. Avoid fellow jumpers
all the way to the ground and maintain a 25-foot separation when jumping the T-10 series parachute. Sometime
during your third point of performance, release all appropriate equipment tie-downs.
E-29. This brings leads to the fourth point of performance, which is PREPARE TO LAND. At 200 feet AGL,
look below you to ensure there are no fellow jumpers and lower your equipment. Regain canopy control. At
approximately 100 feet AGL, slip into the wind and assume a landing attitude. When jumping the T-10 series
parachute and the wind is blowing from your left, reach up on left set of risers and pull them deep into your
chest. If the wind is blowing from your front, reach up on the front set of risers and pull them deep into your
chest. If the wind is blowing from your right, reach up on your right set of risers and pull them deep into your
chest. If the wind is blowing from your rear, reach up on your rear set of risers and pull them deep into your
chest. After you have slipped into the wind, you will assume a landing attitude by keeping your feet and knees
together, knees slightly bent, with your head and eyes on the horizon.
E-30. When the balls of your feet make contact with the ground, you will go into your fifth point of
performance, LAND. You will make a proper PLF by hitting all five points of contact. Touch them and repeat
them after me: 1) BALLS OF THE FEET. 2) CALF. 3) THIGH. 4) BUTTOCKS. 5) PULL UP MUSCLE. You
will never attempt to make a stand up landing.
E-31. Remain on your back and activate one of your canopy release assemblies using either the hand to
shoulder method or the hand assist method. To activate your canopy release assembly using the hand to
shoulder method, with either hand reach up and secure a safety clip and pull it out and down exposing the cable
loop. Insert the thumb from bottom to top through the cable loop, turn your head in the opposite direction and
pull out and down on the cable loop. To activate the canopy release assembly using the hand assist method, with
either hand reach up and secure a safety clip and pull it out and down exposing the cable loop. Insert the thumb
October 2013
E-5
Appendix E
from bottom to top. Re-enforce that hand with the other hand, turn your head in the opposite direction and pull
out and down on the cable loop. If your canopy fails to deflate, activate the other canopy release assembly.
Place your weapon into operation and remain on your back to get out of the parachute harness.
E-32. The next thing I will discuss is RECOVERY OF EQUIPMENT. Once out of the parachute harness,
remove all air items from the parachute harness. Roll the aviators kit bag two thirds of the way down and place
the parachute harness inside the aviators kit bag with the smooth side facing up, leaving the waistband
exposed. Remain on a knee and begin pulling the suspension lines and canopy to the aviators kit bag, stuffing
them in as you go. Route the waistband through the bridal loop leaving 6 to 8 inches of the waistband exposed
and snap, do not zip, the aviators kit bag. Secure the reserve parachute to the aviators kit bag, place it over
your head, conduct a 360-degree police of your area and locate the nearest turn in point and move out to it.
E-33. The next thing I will discuss is TOWED JUMPER PROCEDURES. JUMPERS HIT IT: If you become
a towed jumper and are being towed by your universal static line and are unconscious, you will be retrieved
inside the aircraft. If you are conscious, maintain a good tight body position with your left hand on the end of
the reserve and with your right hand cover the rip cord protector flap, with your right forearm on the rip cord
grip, and an attempt will be made to retrieve you inside the aircraft.
E-34. As you near the jump door, DO NOT REACH FOR US, continue to protect your rip cord grip. If you
cannot be retrieved, you will be cut free. Once you feel yourself falling free from the aircraft, immediately
activate your reserve parachute for a total malfunction.
E-35. If you are being towed by your equipment, regardless of whether you are conscious or unconscious, we
will cut or jog your equipment free and your main parachute will deploy.
Note. If a jumper is being towed from a rotary wing aircraft, he should maintain a good tight
body position and protect his rip cord handle. The JM will ensure the jumper is securely
attached to the aircraft and will not break free during descent. If the jumper is not securely
attached, the JM will attempt to shake or cut him free. If the jumper is securely attached, the
aircraft will slowly descend to the DZ and come to a hover, and the jumper will be freed from
the aircraft.
E-36. The next items I will discuss are MALFUNCTIONS. There are two types of malfunctions, total and
partial. A total malfunction provides no-lift capability what so ever; therefore, you must activate your reserve
using the PULL DROP METHOD. While cigarette rolls and streamers are partial malfunctions, they provide
no-lift capability and you must activate your reserve using the PULL DROP METHOD.
E-37. There are several types of partial malfunctions and actions for each. If you have a squid, semi-inversion,
or a complete inversion with damage to the canopy or suspension lines you must immediately activate your
reserve for a partial malfunction. If you have a complete inversion with no damage to the canopy or suspension
lines, do not activate your reserve parachute.
E-38. If you have broken suspension lines, blown sections or gores, compare your rate of descent with fellow
jumpers. If you are falling faster than fellow jumpers, activate your reserve for a partial malfunction.
E-39. The next thing I will discuss is ACTIVATION OF THE MODIFIED IMPROVED RESERVE
PARACHUTE SYSTEM SOFT LOOP CENTER PULL. To activate the MIRPS SLCP; you will use the PULL
DROP METHOD. JUMPERS HIT IT. Maintain a good tight body position. Grasp the left carrying handle with
your left hand; with your right hand grasp the rip cord grip. Turn your head and eyes in either direction, pull up
and out on the rip cord grip and drop it. Your reserve will activate.
E-40. JUMPERS HIT IT. CHECK CANOPY AND GAIN CANOPY CONTROL. If you see another jumper
approaching, immediately attempt to slip away. If you cannot avoid the collision assume a spread eagle position
E-6
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
and attempt to bounce off the other jumpers canopy and suspension lines and immediately slip away. If you
should enter the other jumpers suspension lines, snap into a modified position of attention. With either hand
protect your rip cord grip and with your other hand attempt to weave your way out of the suspension lines the
same way you entered and then slip away.
E-41. If you become entangled and are jumping the T-10 series parachute, the higher jumper will climb down
to the lower jumper using the hand under hand method. Once both jumpers are even, you will face each other
and grasp each others left main lift web with your left hand. Both jumpers will discuss which PLF to execute.
Both jumpers will conduct the same PLF. Neither jumper will execute a front PLF. Both jumpers will continue
to observe their canopies. If one canopy collapses, neither jumper will activate their reserve as one T-10 series
parachute can safely deliver two combat equipped jumpers to the ground. If both canopies collapse the jumpers
will pull towards each other to create a clear path for the activation of their reserve parachutes, and then activate
their reserves using the pull drop method.
E-42. The next thing I will discuss is EMERGENCY LANDINGS. The first emergency landing is the TREE
LANDING. If you are drifting towards the trees, immediately slip away. If you cannot avoid the trees and have
lowered you equipment, look below you to ensure there are no fellow jumpers and jettison your equipment
making a mental note of where it lands. If you have not lowered your equipment, keep it on you to provide extra
protection while passing through the trees. At approximately 100 feet AGL, assume a landing attitude by
keeping your feet and knees together, knees slightly bent with your head and eyes on the horizon. When the
balls of your feet make contact with the trees, rotate your hands in front of your face with your elbows high. Be
prepared to execute a PLF if you pass through the trees.
E-43. If you get hung up in the trees maintain your advanced combat helmet and lower and jettison all
unneeded equipment. Activate the chest strap ejector snap and activate the quick release in your waistband.
Place your left hand over the rip cord protector flap and apply pressure. Grasp the rip cord grip with your right
hand and pull it and drop it. Control the activation of the reserve parachute toward the ground ensuring that all
suspension lines are completely deployed. Disconnect the left connector snap and rotate the reserve to the right.
Grasp the main lift web with either hand below the canopy release assembly and with the other hand activate
the leg strap ejector snaps and climb down the outside of the reserve. Remember, when in doubt, stay where you
are and wait for assistance.
E-44. The next emergency landing is the WIRE LANDING. If you are drifting toward wires, immediately slip
away. If you cannot avoid the wires, look below you to ensure there are no fellow jumpers and lower and
jettison your equipment making a mental note of where it lands. Assume a landing attitude by placing your
hands, fingers and thumbs extended and joined high on the inside of the front set of risers with the elbows
locked. Place your chin on your chest, keep your feet and knees together and exaggerate the bend in your knees.
When the balls of your feet make contact with the wires, begin a vigorous rocking motion in an attempt to pass
all the way through the wires. Be prepared to execute a PLF if you pass all the way through the wires. If you get
hung up in the wires, stay where you are and wait for assistance.
E-45. The last emergency landing is the WATER LANDING. The water landing is the most dangerous
emergency landing because it takes the most time to prepare for. If you are drifting towards a body of water,
immediately slip away. If you cannot avoid the water, look below you to ensure there are no fellow jumpers and
lower; do not jettison your equipment. Next, jettison your advanced combat helmet. Activate the quick release
in your waistband, disconnect the left connector snap and rotate the reserve to the right. Seat yourself well into
the saddle and activate the chest strap ejector snap. Regain canopy control. Prior to entering the water assume a
landing attitude by keeping your feet and knees together, knees slightly bent and place your hands on the leg
strap ejector snaps. When the balls of your feet make contact with the water, activate the leg strap ejector snaps,
arch your back, throw your arms above your head and slide out of the parachute harness. Swim upwind or
upstream away from the canopy. Be prepared to execute a PLF if the water is shallow. If the canopy comes
down on top of you locate a radial tape, follow it to the skirt of the canopy and swim upstream or upwind away
from the canopy.
October 2013
E-7
Appendix E
E-46. The next items to be discussed are MISSION ORIENTED ITEMS. Since intentional water landings,
night operations and operations under AWADS conditions require additional considerations, you must be
prepared to brief them to your jumpers.
E-47. When jumping the B-7 LIFE PRESERVER, activate it in the air. Lower, but do not jettison your
equipment. Once in the water, activate both canopy release assemblies.
E-48. When jumping the TFSS LIFE PRESERVER, jettison your advanced combat helmet/ballistic helmet,
making a mental note of where it lands. Activate the quick release in the waistband. Disconnect the left
chest strap ejector snap. Activate the TFSS and regain canopy control. Prior to entering the water, assume a
landing attitude by keeping your feet and knees together, knees slightly bent and place your hands on both leg
strap ejector snaps. When the balls of your feet make contact with the water, activate both leg strap ejector
snaps, arch your back, throw your arms above your head and slide out of the parachute harness. Be prepared to
execute a proper PLF if the water is shallow. Swim upwind, or upstream, away from the canopy. If the canopy
comes down on top of you, locate a radial tape, and follow it to the skirt of the canopy.
E-49. When conducting NIGHT JUMPS, be sure to give your canopy an extra look, and maintain noise and
light discipline all the way to the ground.
E-50. When jumping under AWADS conditions, do not lower your equipment until you have passed through
the clouds. Do not slip unless you have to avoid a collision. If you have any type of malfunction, you must
immediately activate your reserve using the pull drop method because you cannot compare your rate of descent
with fellow jumpers. Ensure you recheck your canopy once you pass through the clouds.
E-51. We will now move to the PARACHUTE LANDING FALL platform and conduct one satisfactory PLF
in each of the four directions.
SECTION III MC-1 PREJUMP

the points, specific to the MC-1 series parachute, are described in this section. Failure to perform any one point

E-53. The first point of performance is PROPER EXIT, CHECK BODY POSITION AND COUNT.
on your chest, elbows tight into your sides, place your hands on the end of the reserve, with your fingers spread.
Bend forward at the waist keeping your feet and knees together, knees locked to the rear and count to 4000.
E-54. At the end of your 4000 count, immediately go into the second point of performance, CHECK
CANOPY AND GAIN CANOPY CONTROL. When jumping the MC-1 series parachute, secure a toggle in
each hand and pull them down to eye level, simultaneously conducting a 360-degree check of your canopy. If,
during your second point of performance, you find that you have twists, you must compare your rate of descent
with your fellow jumpers. If you are falling faster than your fellow jumpers or you cannot compare your rate of
descent with fellow jumpers, immediately activate your reserve parachute using the pull-drop method. If, you
are not falling faster than fellow jumpers then reach up and grasp a set of risers in each hand, thumbs down,
knuckles to the rear. Pull the risers apart, and begin a vigorous bicycling motion. When the last twist comes out,
immediately check canopy and gain canopy control.
E-8
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
E-55. The third point of performance is KEEP A SHARP LOOKOUT DURING YOUR ENTIRE DESCENT.
Remember the three rules of the air and repeat them after me: Always look before you turn; always turn in the
opposite direction to avoid collisions, and the lower jumper always has the right of way. Avoid fellow jumpers
all the way to the ground and maintain a 50-foot separation when jumping the MC-1 series parachute. Sometime
during your third point of performance, release all appropriate equipment tie-downs.
E-56. This brings leads to the fourth point of performance, which is PREPARE TO LAND. At 200 feet AGL,
look below you to ensure there are no fellow jumpers and lower your equipment. Regain canopy control. At
approximately 200 feet AGL, turn into the wind and assume a landing attitude. When jumping the MC-1 series
parachute at approximately 200 feet AGL, determine your direction of drift. If the wind is blowing from your
left, pull your left toggle down. When you are facing into the wind let up slowly to prevent oscillation. If the
wind is blowing from your right, pull your right toggle down. When you are facing into the wind let slowly to
prevent oscillation. If the wind is blowing from your rear, pull either toggle down. When you are facing into the
wind let slowly to prevent oscillation. If the wind is blowing to your front, make minor corrections to remain
facing into the wind. Look below you to ensure there are no fellow jumpers. Release all appropriate equipment
tie-downs and lower your combat equipment. Now regain canopy control with both hands. Assume a proper
prepare to land attitude by keeping your feet and knees together, knees slightly bent, elbows rotated in toward
your side, with your head and eyes on the horizon.
E-57. When the balls of your feet make contact with the ground, you will go into your fifth point of
performance, LAND. You will make a proper PLF by hitting all five points of contact. Touch them and repeat
them after me: 1) BALLS OF THE FEET. 2) CALF. 3) THIGH. 4) BUTTOCKS. 5) PULL UP MUSCLE. you
will never attempt to make a stand up landing.
E-58. Remain on your back and activate one of your canopy release assemblies using either the hand to
shoulder method or the hand assist method. To activate your canopy release assembly using the hand to
shoulder method, with either hand reach up and secure a safety clip and pull it out and down exposing the cable
loop. Insert the thumb from bottom to top through the cable loop, turn your head in the opposite direction and
pull out and down on the cable loop. To activate the canopy release assembly using the hand assist method, with
either hand reach up and secure a safety clip and pull it out and down exposing the cable loop. Insert the thumb
from bottom to top. Re-enforce that hand with the other hand, turn your head in the opposite direction and pull
out and down on the cable loop. If your canopy fails to deflate, activate the other canopy release assembly.
Place your weapon into operation and remain on your back to get out of the parachute harness.
E-59. The next thing I will cover is RECOVERY OF EQUIPMENT. Once out of the parachute harness,
remove all air items from the parachute harness. Roll the aviators kit bag two thirds of the way down and place
the parachute harness inside the aviators kit bag with the smooth side facing up, leaving the waistband
exposed. Remain on a knee and begin pulling the suspension lines and canopy to the aviators kit bag, stuffing
them in as you go. Route the waistband through the bridal loop leaving 6 to 8 inches of the waistband exposed
and snap, do not zip, the aviators kit bag. Secure the reserve parachute to the aviators kit bag, place it over
your head, conduct a 360-degree police of your area and locate the nearest turn in point and move out to it.
E-60. The next thing I will cover is TOWED JUMPER PROCEDURES. JUMPERS HIT IT. If you become a
towed jumper and are being towed by your universal static line and are unconscious, you will be retrieved
inside the aircraft. If you are conscious, maintain a good tight body position with your left hand on the end of
the reserve and with your right hand cover the rip cord protector flap, with your right forearm on the rip cord
grip, and an attempt will be made to retrieve you inside the aircraft.
E-61. As you near the jump door, DO NOT REACH FOR US, continue to protect your rip cord grip/rip cord
handle. If you cannot be retrieved, you will be cut free. Once you feel yourself falling free from the aircraft,
immediately activate your reserve parachute for a total malfunction.
October 2013
E-9
Appendix E
E-62. If you are being towed by your equipment, regardless of whether you are conscious or unconscious, we
will cut or jog your equipment free and your main parachute will deploy.
Note. If a jumper is being towed from a rotary wing aircraft, he should maintain a good tight
body position and protect his rip cord handle. The JM will ensure the jumper is securely
attached to the aircraft and will not break free during descent. If the jumper is not securely
attached, the JM will attempt to shake or cut him free. If the jumper is securely
attached, the aircraft will slowly descend to the DZ and come to a hover, and the jumper will be
freed from the aircraft.
Rational: The current Note is missing the actions the JM will take if the Jumper is not securely
attached .
E-63. The next thing I will cover is MALFUNCTIONS. There are two types of malfunctions, total and partial.
A total malfunction provides no-lift capability what so ever; therefore, you must activate your reserve using the
PULL DROP METHOD. While cigarette rolls and streamers are partial malfunctions, they provide no-lift
capability and you must activate your reserve using the pull drop method.
E-64. There are several types of partial malfunctions and actions for each. If you have a squid, semi-inversion,
or a complete inversion with damage to the canopy or suspension lines you must immediately activate your
reserve for a partial malfunction. If you have a complete inversion with no damage to the canopy or suspension
lines, do not activate your reserve parachute.
E-65. If you have broken suspension lines, blown sections or gores, compare your rate of descent with fellow
jumpers. If you are falling faster than fellow jumpers, activate your reserve for a partial malfunction.
E-66. If one or both control lines are broken, you can still turn the canopy by slipping with the rear set of
risers. To turn right, pull down on the right rear riser. To turn left, pull down on the left rear riser. The canopy
will turn slowly in the direction the slip is being pulled. Because of the slower reaction time, turns must be
anticipated sooner and corrective action taken earlier.
E-67. The next thing I will cover is activation of the MODIFIED IMPROVED RESERVE PARACHUTE
SYSTEM SOFT LOOP CENTER PULL. TO activate the MIRPS SLCP; you will use the pull DROP
METHOD. JUMPERS HIT IT. Maintain a good, tight body position. Grasp the left carrying handle with your
left hand; with your right hand grasp the rip cord grip. Turn your head and eyes in either direction, pull up and
out on the rip cord grip and drop it. Your reserve will activate.
E-68. To activate the T-10 RESERVE PARACHUTE FOR A TOTAL MALFUNCTION, you will use the
PULL DROP METHOD. JUMPERS HIT IT. Maintain a good, tight body position. With the left hand grasp the
left carrying handle and with the right hand grasp the rip cord grip. Pull out on the rip cord grip and drop it.
Your reserve will activate.
E-69. To activate the T-10 reserve parachute for a partial malfunction; you will use the DOWN AND AWAY
METHOD. JUMPERS HIT IT. Snap back into a good, tight body position. With the left hand, apply pressure to
the rip cord protector flap. Pull out on the rip cord grip and drop it. Grasp as much of the canopy as you can and
throw it down and away in the direction you are spinning. Form fists with thumbs exposed and rake down and
away to clear the suspension lines from the pack tray.

E-70. The next thing I will cover is COLLISIONS AND ENTANGLEMENTS. JUMPERS HIT IT, CHECK
CANOPY AND GAIN CANOPY CONTROL. If you see another jumper approaching, immediately attempt to
turn away. If you cannot avoid the collision assume a spread eagle position and attempt to bounce off the other
E-10
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
jumpers canopy and suspension lines and immediately turn away. If you should enter the other jumpers
suspension lines, snap into a modified position of attention. With right hand protect your rip cord grip and with
your left hand attempt to weave your way out of the suspension lines the same way you entered and then turn
away.
E-71. If you become entangled and are jumping the MC-1 series parachute, both jumpers will remain where
they are, obtain a clear and unobstructed path and immediately activate their reserve parachutes using the PULL
DROP METHOD.
E-72. The next items I will cover are EMERGENCY LANDINGS. The first emergency landing is the TREE
LANDING. If you are drifting towards the trees, immediately turn away. If you cannot avoid the trees and have
lowered you equipment, look below you to ensure there are no fellow jumpers and jettison your equipment
making a mental note of where it lands. If you have not lowered your equipment, keep it on you to provide extra
protection while passing through the trees. At approximately 200 feet AGL, assume a landing attitude by
keeping your feet and knees together, knees slightly bent with your head and eyes on the horizon. When the
balls of your feet make contact with the trees, rotate your hands in front of your face with your elbows high. Be
prepared to execute a PLF if you pass through the trees.
E-73. If you get hung up in the trees maintain your advanced combat helmet and lower and jettison all
unneeded equipment. Activate the chest strap ejector snap and activate the quick release in your waistband.
Place your left hand over the rip cord protector flap and apply pressure. Grasp the rip cord grip with your right
hand and pull it and drop it. Control the activation of the reserve parachute toward the ground ensuring that all
suspension lines are completely deployed. Disconnect the left connector snap and rotate the reserve to the right.
Grasp the main lift web with either hand below the canopy release assembly and with the other hand activate
the leg strap ejector snaps and climb down the outside of the reserve. Remember, when in doubt, stay where you
are and wait for assistance.
E-74. The next emergency landing is the WIRE LANDING. If you are drifting toward wires, immediately turn
away. If you cannot avoid the wires, look below you to ensure there are no fellow jumpers and lower and
jettison your equipment making a mental note of where it lands. Assume a landing attitude by placing your
hands, fingers and thumbs extended and joined high on the inside of the front set of risers with the elbows
locked. Place your chin on your chest, keep your feet and knees together and exaggerate the bend in your knees.
When the balls of your feet make contact with the wires, begin a vigorous rocking motion in an attempt to pass
all the way through the wires. Be prepared to execute a PLF if you pass all the way through the wires. If you get
hung up in the wires, stay where you are and wait for assistance.
E-75. The last emergency landing is the WATER LANDING. The water landing is the most dangerous
emergency landing because it takes the most time to prepare for. If you are drifting towards a body of water,
immediately slip away. If you cannot avoid the water, look below you to ensure there are no fellow jumpers and
lower; do not jettison your equipment. Next, jettison your ACH. Activate the quick release in your waistband,
disconnect the left connector snap and rotate the reserve to the right. Seat yourself well into the saddle and
activate the chest strap ejector snap. Regain canopy control. Prior to entering the water assume a landing
attitude by keeping your feet and knees together, knees slightly bent and place your hands on the leg strap
ejector snaps. When the balls of your feet make contact with the water, activate the leg strap ejector snaps, arch
your back, throw your arms above your head and slide out of the parachute harness. Swim upwind or upstream
away from the canopy. Be prepared to execute a PLF if the water is shallow. If the canopy comes down on top
of you locate a radial tape, follow it to the skirt of the canopy and swim upstream or upwind away from the
canopy.
E-76. The next items to be discussed are MISSION ORIENTED ITEMS. Since intentional water landings,
night operations and operations under AWADS conditions require additional considerations, you must be
prepared to brief them to your jumpers.
October 2013
E-11
Appendix E
E-77. The next thing I will cover is the B-7 LIFE PRESERVER. If you are jumping the B-7 life preserver,
activate it in the air. Lower but do not jettison combat equipment.
E-78. The next thing I will cover is the TFSS live preserver. Jettison your advanced combat helmet/ballistic
chest strap ejector snap. Activate the TFSS life preserver and regain canopy control. Prior to entering the water,
assume a landing attitude by keeping your feet and knees together, knees slightly bent and place your hands on
both leg strap ejector snaps. When the balls of your feet make contact with the water, activate both leg strap
ejector snaps, arch your back, throw your arms above your head and slide out of the parachute harness. Be
prepared to execute a proper PLF if the water is shallow. Swim upwind, or upstream, away from the canopy. If
the canopy comes down on top of you, locate a radial tape, and follow it to the skirt of the canopy.
E-79. The next thing I will cover is NIGHT JUMPS. When conducting night jumps, be sure to give your
canopy an extra look, and maintain noise and light discipline all the way to the ground.
E-80. The next thing I will cover is AWADS. When jumping under AWADS conditions, do not lower your
equipment until you have passed through the clouds. Do not slip/turn unless you have to avoid a collision. If
you have any type of malfunction, you must immediately activate your reserve using the pull drop method
because you cannot compare your rate of descent with fellow jumpers. Ensure you recheck your canopy once
you pass through the clouds.
E-81. The next thing I will cover is PARCHUTE LANDING FALLS. We will now move to the PLF platform
and conduct one satisfactory PLF in each of the four directions.
SECTION VI MC-6 PREJUMP

the points, specific to the MC-6 series parachute, are described in this section. Failure to perform any one point

E-83. The first point of performance is PROPER EXIT, CHECK BODY POSITION, AND COUNT.
on your chest, elbows tight into your sides, hands on the end of the reserve, with your fingers spread. Bend
forward at the waist keeping your feet and knees together, knees locked to the rear, and count to 4000.
E-84. At the end of your 4000 count, immediately go into your second point of performance, CHECK
CANOPY AND GAIN CANOPY CONTROL. When jumping the MC-6 series parachute, secure a toggle in
each hand, and pull them down to eye level, simultaneously conducting a 360-degree check of your canopy. If,
during your second point of performance, you find that you have twists, you must compare your rate of descent
with your fellow jumpers. If you are falling faster than your fellow jumpers or you cannot compare your rate of
descent with fellow jumpers, immediately activate your reserve parachute using the pull-drop method. If, you
are not falling faster than fellow jumpers then reach up and grasp a set of risers in each hand, thumbs down,
knuckles to the rear. Pull the risers apart, and begin a vigorous bicycling motion. When the last twist comes out,
immediately check canopy and gain canopy control.
E-85. Your third point of performance is KEEP A SHARP LOOKOUT DURING YOU ENTIRE DESCENT.
Remember the three rules of the air and repeat them after me: Always look before you turn, always turn in the
opposite direction to avoid collision, and the lower jump always has the right of way. Avoid fellow jumpers all
E-12
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
the way to the ground by maintaining a 50-foot separation when jumping the MC-6 series parachute. At the end
of your third point of performance release all appropriate equipment tie-downs.
E-86. This brings you to your fourth point of performance, which is PREPARE TO LAND. When jumping
the MC-6 series parachute at approximately 250 feet AGL, determine your direction of drift. If the wind is
blowing from your left, pull your left toggle down to the elbow locked position. Once you are facing into the
wind, let up slowly to prevent oscillation. If the wind is blowing from your right, pull your right toggle down to
the elbow locked position. Once you are facing into the wind, let up slowly to prevent oscillation. If the wind is
blowing from your rear, pull either toggle down to the elbow locked position. Once you are facing into the
wind, let up slowly to prevent oscillation. If the wind is blowing from your front, make minor corrections to
remain facing into the wind. Look below you to ensure there are no fellow jumpers. Transfer control of one
toggle to the opposite hand, so that the other hand is controlling both toggles. With the free hand, release all
appropriate equipment tie-downs, and lower your combat equipment. Now regain canopy control with both
hands. Assume a proper prepare to land attitude by pulling the toggles to the appropriate break position. After
you have slipped/turned into the wind, you will assume a landing attitude by keeping your feet and knees
together, knees slightly bent, elbows tight into your sides, with your head and eyes on the horizon.
E-87. The fifth point of performance is LAND. You will make a proper parachute landing fall by hitting all
five points of contact. Touch them, and repeat them after me. 1) BALLS OF FEET, 2) CALF, 3) THIGH, 4)
BUTTOCKS AND 5) PULL UP MUSCLE. You will never attempt to make a standing landing.
E-88. Remain on your back, and activate one of your canopy release assemblies using either the hand-toshoulder method, or the hand assist method. To activate your canopy release assembly using the hand-toshoulder method, reach up with either hand and grasp the corresponding safety clip. Pull out and down on the
safety clip, exposing the cable loop. Insert the thumb, from bottom to top, through the cable loop. Turn your
head in the opposite direction, and pull out and down on the cable loop. To activate your canopy release
assembly using the hand assist method, reach up and grasp the corresponding safety clip. Pull out and down on
the safety clip, exposing the cable loop. Insert the thumb, from bottom to top, through the cable loop. Reinforce
that hand with the other. Turn your head in the opposite direction, and pull out and down on the cable loop. If
your canopy fails to deflate when jumping the MC-6 series parachute, activate the other canopy release
assembly. Place your weapon into operation, remain on your back, and remove the parachute harness.
E-89. The next item I will cover is RECOVERY OF EQUIPMENT. Once you are out of the parachute
harness, remove all air items from the equipment rings. Unsnap and unzip the aviators kit bag and roll it twothirds of the way down. Place the parachute harness inside the aviators kit bag, with the smooth side facing up.
When jumping the MC-6 series parachute, leave the waistband exposed. Secure the risers, and place them under
the parachute harness inside the aviators kit bag. Remain on a knee, and begin pulling the suspension lines and
canopy towards the aviators kit bag, stuffing them in as you go. When jumping the MC-6 series parachute,
route the waistband through the bridle loop; leaving 6 to 8 inches of the waistband exposed. Snap, do not zip the
aviators kit bag. Secure the reserve parachute to the aviators kit bag, and place it over your head. Conduct a
360 degree check of your area, and move out to your assembly area.
E-90. The next item I will cover is TOWED JUMPER PROCEDURES. JUMPERS HIT IT. If you become a
towed jumper, and are being towed by your USLM and are unconscious; you will be retrieved back inside the
aircraft. If you are conscious, maintain a good tight body position with both hands covering your rip cord handle
and an attempt will be made to retrieve you inside the aircraft. As you near the paratroop door, DO NOT
REACH FOR US, continue to protect your rip cord handle. If you cannot be retrieved, your USLM will be cut.
Once you feel yourself falling free from the aircraft, immediately activate your reserve parachute using the pull
drop method.
E-91. If you are being towed by your equipment, regardless of whether you are conscious or unconscious, that
item of equipment will be cut or jogged free, and your main canopy will deploy.
October 2013
E-13
Appendix E
Note. If you are being towed from a rotary-wing aircraft, maintain a good tight body position and protect
your rip cord handle. The aircraft will slowly descend to the DZ, come to a hover and the
jumpmaster will free you from the aircraft.
E-92. The next item I will cover is MALFUNCTIONS. There are two types of malfunctions, a total
malfunction and a partial malfunction. A total malfunction provides no-lift capability whatsoever; therefore you
must activate your reserve parachute using the PULL DROP METHOD. There are several types of partial
malfunctions and actions for each. If you have a semi-inversion, squid, cigarette roll or a complete inversion
with damage to the canopy or suspension lines you must activate your reserve parachute for a partial
malfunction. If you have a complete inversion with no damage to canopy or suspension lines, do no activate
your reserve parachute.
E-93. If you have damaged suspension lines, blown sections or gores, compare your rate of descent with your
fellow jumpers. If you are falling faster than your fellow jumpers, you will activate your reserve parachute
using the pull drop method. If you are not falling faster, maintain what you have.
E-94. If one or both control lines are broken, you can still turn the canopy by slipping with the rear set of
risers. To turn right, pull down on the right rear riser. To turn left, pull down on the left rear riser. The canopy
will turn slowly in the direction the slip is being pulled. Because of the slower reaction time, turns must be
anticipated sooner and corrective action taken earlier.
E-95. I will now cover ACTIVATION OF THE T-11 RESERVE PARACHUTE SYSTEM. To activate the T11 reserve parachute, you will use the PULL DROP METHOD. JUMPERS HIT IT. maintain a good, tight body
position. Grasp the rip cord handle with either hand. Throw your head back and to the rear, pull out on the rip
cord handle, and drop it. Your reserve will activate. Ensure neither hand is in front of the reserve parachute as it
deploys.
Note. If you activate your T-11 reserve parachute for a partial malfunction, any attempt to control
either canopy will be useless as one canopy acts as a brake for the other. When activating your T11 reserve for a total malfunction, let up on the reserve risers. Pull a good two riser slip, opposite
your direction of drift, during your fourth point of performance.
E-96. The next items I will cover are COLLISIONS AND ENTANGLEMENTS. JUMPERS HIT IT. CHECK
CANOPY AND GAIN CANOPY CONTROL. If you see another jumper approaching, immediately look, and
then turn away. If you cannot avoid the collision, assume a spread eagle body position and attempt to bounce
off the jumpers canopy and or suspension lines and immediately look, and then turn away. If you pass through
the suspension lines and you do become entangled, snap into a modified position of attention. With either hand
protect your rip cord handle. With the opposite hand attempt to weave your way out of the suspension lines the
same way you entered, once clear immediately look then slip/turn away. If you become entangled, and are
jumping the MC-6 series parachute, both jumpers will remain where they are, obtain a clear path, and
immediately activate their reserve parachutes using the PULL DROP METHOD.
E-97. The next item I will cover is EMERGENCY LANDINGS. The first emergency landing I will cover is
the TREE LANDING. If you are drifting towards the trees, immediately look, then slip/turn away. If you cannot
avoid the trees, and have lowered your equipment, look below you to ensure there are no fellow jumpers, and
jettison your equipment making a mental note of where it lands. If you have not lowered your equipment, keep
it on you to provide extra protection while passing through the trees. At approximately 200 feet AGL, assume a
good landing attitude by keeping your feet and knees together, knees slightly bent, and head and eyes on the
horizon. When the balls of your feet make contact with the trees, rotate your hands in front of your face with
your elbows high. Be prepared to execute a proper PLF if you pass though the trees. If you get hung up in the
trees and you do not feel you can safely lower yourself to the ground, stay where you are and wait for
assistance.
E-14
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
E-98. If you decide to climb down, jettison all unneeded equipment. Ensure that you maintain your advanced
combat helmet/ballistic helmet. Activate the quick release in your waistband. With either hand, apply inward
pressure on the rip cord assembly. With the opposite hand remove the top tuck tab. Maintain steady inward
pressure and with the opposite hand insert it behind the rip cord assembly and apply inward pressure. Grasp the
rip cord handle with the opposite hand, pull it and drop it. With both hands, control the activation of the reserve
parachute to the ground ensuring that all suspension lines are completely deployed. Disconnect the left
connector snap and rotate the reserve to the right. Attach the left connector snap to the triangle link on your
right side. Seat yourself well into the saddle. Activate the quick release in the chest strap and completely
remove the chest strap from the chest strap friction adapter. Grasp the main lift web with either hand below the
canopy release assembly and with the other hand activate the leg strap ejector snaps and climb down the outside
of the reserve parachute. Remember, when in doubt, stay where you are and wait for assistance.
Note. Caution must be taken when climbing down the T-11 Reserve parachute suspension lines
because of the slippery coating applied to the suspension lines.
E-99. The next emergency landing I will cover is the WIRE LANDING. If you are drifting towards wires,
immediately look and try to slip/turn away. If you cannot avoid the wires, look below you to ensure there are no
fellow jumpers and jettison your equipment, making a mental note of where it lands. Ensure that you maintain
your advanced combat helmet/ballistic helmet. Assume a landing attitude by keeping your feet and knees
together, exaggerating the bend in your knees, your eyes open, and your chin on your chest. Place the palms of
your hands high on the inside of the front set of risers with the elbows locked. When the balls of your feet make
contact with the wires, begin a vigorous rocking motion in an attempt to pass through the wires. Be prepared to
execute a proper PLF in the event you pass through the wires. If you get hung up in the wires, do not attempt to
lower yourself to the ground. Stay where you are, and wait for assistance.
E-100. The next emergency landing I will cover is the WATER LANDING. If you are drifting towards a
body of water, immediately look then slip/turn away. If you cannot avoid the water, look below you to ensure
there are no fellow jumpers and lower your equipment. Next, jettison your advanced combat helmet/ballistic
quick release in the chest strap completely removing the chest strap from the chest strap friction adapter. Regain
canopy control. Prior to entering the water, assume a landing attitude by keeping your feet and knees together,
knees slightly bent and place your hands on both leg strap ejector snaps. When the balls of your feet make
contact with the water, activate both leg strap ejector snaps, arch your back, throw your arms above your head
and slide out of the parachute harness. Be prepared to execute a proper PLF if the water is shallow. Swim
upwind, or upstream, away from the canopy. If the canopy comes down on top of you, locate a radial tape, and
follow it to the skirt of the canopy.
E-101. The next items I will discuss are MISSION ORIENTED ITEMS. (Since intentional water landing,
night operations, and operations under AWADS conditions require additional considerations, you must be
prepared to brief them to your jumpers.)
E-102. The next items I will discuss is the B-7 LIFE PRESERVER. When jumping the B-7 life preserver,
activate it in the air. Lower, but do not jettison your equipment. Once in the water, activate both canopy release
assemblies.
E-103. The next items I will discuss is the TFSS LIFE PESERVER. Jettison your advanced combat
helmet/ballistic helmet, making a mental note of where it lands. Activate the quick release in the waistband.
Disconnect the left connector snap and rotate the reserve parachute to the right. Seat yourself well into the
saddle and activate the quick release in the chest strap completely removing the chest strap from the chest strap
friction adapter. Activate the TFSS life preserver and regain canopy control. Prior to entering the water, assume
a landing attitude by keeping your feet and knees together, knees slightly bent and place your hands on both leg
strap ejector snaps. When the balls of your feet make contact with the water, activate both leg strap ejector
October 2013
E-15
Appendix E
snaps, arch your back, throw your arms above your head and slide out of the parachute harness. Be prepared to
execute a proper PLF if the water is shallow. Swim upwind, or upstream, away from the canopy. If the canopy
comes down on top of you, locate a radial tape, and follow it to the skirt of the canopy.
E-104. The next items I will discuss is NIGHT JUMPS. When conducting night jumps, be sure to give your
canopy an extra look and maintain noise and light discipline all the way to the ground.
E-105. The next items I will discuss is AWADS. When jumping under AWADS conditions, do not lower
your equipment until you have passed through the clouds. Do not slip/turn unless you have to avoid a collision.
If you have any type of malfunction, you must immediately activate your reserve parachute using the pull drop
method, because you cannot compare your rate of descent with your fellow jumpers. Ensure you recheck your
canopy once you pass through the clouds.
E-106. The next items I will discuss is PARACHUTE LANDING FALLS. At this time, we will move to the
parachute landing fall platform and execute one satisfactory PLF in each of the four directions ensuring you
conduct a proper PLF.
E-16
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
Appendix F
T-11/MC-6 Transition Training

Airborne transition training is required for personnel who have not jumped the T-11/MC6 parachute system. The length of the transition training depends on the proficiency of the
parachutist and number of parachutists to be trained. Table F-1 shows the minimum
requirements. Airborne transition training will be instructed and documented by a
qualified and current T-11/MC-6 JM. Individual service components may modify these
requirements depending on training aids and equipment availability.
Table F-1. Minimum requirements for airborne transition training
Period Hours
Lesson
Training Aids/Equipment
Sustained Airborne Training (prejump) to

include PLFs (front, side, and rear) and
methods of recovery.
2-foot PLF platforms, PLF pit, and

mock door.
Fitting and wearing the

T-11/MC-6 series parachute and life
preservers; demonstration of the correct
rigging, attaching, and lowering
procedures for approved and tested
combat equipment in use by the training
unit. Watch the MC-6 video.
TO&E and TDA equipment, T11/MC-6 series parachute

assemblies, life preservers,
approved and tested combat
equipment in use by the training
unit, and the MC-6 video.
Actions in the aircraft rehearsal, proper

exit procedures, sequence of jump
commands, and the first two points of
performance.
Mock door structures and 5-foot

universal static lines with universal
static line snap hooks.
Control of canopy, turns, slips,

entanglements, emergency landings,
landing attitude, and activation of the
reserve.
Suspended harness apparatus (if

available) and swing landing
trainer apparatus (if available).
Door exit procedure rehearsal, sequence

of first three points of performance,
activation of the reserve for a total and
partial malfunction; lowering of individual
items of equipment.
A 34-foot tower (if available) and

troop parachute harness. Individual
combat equipment.
Parachute jump.
Aircraft, parachutes, DZ, unit

equipment. (Must be executed
within 90 days.)
October 2013
TC 3-21.220
F-1
Glossary
Acronym/Term
Definition
A
ACH
ADEPT
ADP
AEBP
AFCCT
AFI
AFSC
advanced combat helmet

alternate door exit procedures for training
airdrop personnel
Advanced Emergency Bailout Parachute
Air Force Combat Control Team
Air Force Instruction
Air Force specialty code
AGL
above ground level
AJM
assistant jumpmaster
ALICE
AMC
ANGLICO
APFT
ARNG
AR
ARS
AT4JP
AWADS
all-purpose, lightweight, individual, carrying equipment

Air Mobility Command
Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company
Army physical fitness test
Army National Guard
Army Regulation
automatic release system
AT4 jump pack
B
BCU
battery coolant unit

C
CARP
CC
CCT
CD
CDS
CE
computed air release point

climatic category
combat crew trainer
canopy drift
container delivery system
combat equipment
CFM
cubic feet per minute
CRL
container ramp load
CRRC
CRS
Combat Rubber Raiding Craft

Cargo Release System
D
DACO
DAD
DZ
DZSO
October 2013
departure airfield control officer

deployment assistance device
drop zone
drop zone safety officer
TC 3-21.220
Glossary-1
Glossary
DZST
DZSTL
DOD
drop zone support team

drop zone support team leader
Department of Defense
E
EOD
ETLBV
explosive ordnance disposal

enhanced tactical load-bearing vest
F
FHT
field handling trainer
FLA
field litter ambulance
FLC
fighting load carrier
FM
FPLIF
field manual
field pack, large, internal frame
G
GLO
GMRS
ground liaison officer

ground marking release system
GPS
Global Positioning Systems
GUC
ground unit commander

H
HD
heavy drop load
HE
high explosive
HEAT
HPT
HSPR
HV
high explosive, anti-tank

hook-pile tape
harness, single-point release
high velocity
I
IBA
individual body armour
ICS
internal communications system
IETM
IFF
IMC
Interactive Electronic Technical Manual

identification friend or foe
instrument meteorological conditions
IP
impact point
IR
infrared
ISLT
improved swing landing trainer

J
JA/ATT
JAG
Judge Advocate General
JAI
joint administrative instruction
JM
jumpmaster
JMDR
Glossary-2
joint airborne/air transportability training
jumpmaster directed release
JMPI
jumpmaster personnel inspection
JPADS
Joint Precision Air Drop System
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
Glossary
JSJR
jumpmaster spotted, jumpmaster released

L
LBE
LCADS-LV
load-bearing equipment
low cost aerial delivery sysem-low velocity
LCLA
low cost low altitude
LDA
lateral drift apparatus
LPU
life preserver unit
LV
LUH
low velocity
light utility helicopter
M
MACOM
MEDEVAC
METT-TC
MEW
MFF
MIRPS
MJP
MOD
MOLLE
MO
major Army command

medical evacuation
mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time
available, civil considerations
mean effective wind
military free fall
Modified Improved Reserve Parachute System
medic jump pack
modified
modular lightweight load-carrying equipment
malfunction officer
MTT
mobile training team
MSL
mean sea level

N
NAVAIDS
NCO
navagational aids
noncommissioned officer
NLT
not later than
NET
New Equipment Training
NETC
Naval Education & Training Command
NOPO
nonporous
NVD
night vision device
NVIS
Night Vision Imaging Systems

O
OIC
officer in charge
OTV
outer tactical vest

P
October 2013
PAB
parachutist ankle brace
PDB
parachutist drop bag
PE
practical exercise
PI
point of impact
PIBAL
pilot ballon
PIE/R2
parachutists individual equipment rapid release
TC 3-21.220
Glossary-3
Glossary
PIL
PJM
parachutist impact liner

primary jumpmaster
PJP
parachutist jump pack
PLF
parachute landing fall
POI
plan of instruction
POL
Petroleum, oils, and lubricants
PRB
parachute recovery bag

R
RAAWS
Ranger Antiarmor/Antipersonnel Weapon System
RAC
Ram air cargo
RAM
raised angle markers
RAPPS
RP
Ram Air Personnel Parachute Systems

release point
S
SAPI
small arms protective inserts
SAT
Sustained Airborne Training
SAW
squad automatic weapon
SEAL
sea, air, land (U.S. Navy military special forces team member)
SERE
survival evasion resistance escape
SIRB
safety investigation review board
S/L
SLCP
static line
soft loop center pull
SLT
swing landing trainer
SME
subject matter expert
SMJP
stinger missile jump pack
SOF
special operations forces
SOP
standard operating procedure
STABO
STS
SWCC
stabilized body
special tactics squadron
Special Warfare Combatant-Craft Crewmen
T
TACAN
TACSAT
TALCE
TAP
tactical aid to navigation

tactical satellite
tanker airlift control element
tactical airdrop personnel
TFSS
tactical flotation support system
TOT
time on target
TP
target practice
TPRS
towed parachutist retrieval system

U
UCMJ
Glossary-4
Uniform Code of Military Justice
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
Glossary
UDT
USAABNSOTD
underwater demolition team

U.S. Army Airborne Special Operations Test Directorate
USAF
U.S. Air Force
USAR
U.S. Army Reserve
USAIS
U.S. Army Infantry School
USASOC
USAQMC&S
USL
U.S Army Special Operations Command

U.S. Army Quartermaster Center and School
universal static line
USLM
universal static line modified
USMC
U.S. Marine Corps

V
VMC
visual meteorological conditions
VIRS
verbally initiated release system

W
WDI
wind drift indicator
WDZ
water drop zone
WESS
Web Enabled Safety System
WSVC
wind streamer vector count

Z
ZAR
October 2013
zone availability report
TC 3-21.220
Glossary-5
References
SOURCES USED
AR 59-4/OPNAVINST 4630.24D/AFJ 13-210(I)/MCO 13480.1C, Joint Airdrop Inspection Records,
Malfunction/Incident Investigations, and Activity Reporting, 8 April 2008.
AR 195-5, Evidence Procedures, 22 February 2013.
AR 750-32, Airdrop, Parachute Recovery, and Aircraft Personnel Escape Systems, 18 June 2008
FM 4-20.103/MCRP 4-11.3C, Airdrop of Supplies and Equipment: Rigging Containers, 2 September
2005.
FM 10-550, Airdrop of Supplies and Equipment: Rigging Stinger Weapon Systems and Missiles, 29
May 1984.
TC 21-21, Water Survival Training, 25 June 1991.
TM 4-48.04, Airdrop of Supplies and Equipment: Rigging Loads for Special Operations, 6 August
2012.
TM 9-1425-429-12, Operators and Organizational Maintenance Manual for Stinger Guided Missile
System Consisting of: Weapon Round Basic:FIM-92A (NSN 1425-01-325-0695) (EIC: N/A)
(1425-01-356-6995) (EIC: N/A) (NSN 1425-01-325-0696) (EIC: N/A), Weapon Round Block
I: FIM-92E (NSN 1425-01-440-8040) (EIC: N/A) Trainer Handling Guided Missile Launcher
M60 (NSN 6920-01-024-9969), 23 October 2003.
TM 10-1670-262-12&P, Operator and Unit Maintenance Manual Including Repair Parts and Special
Tools List Personnel Insertion/Extraction Systems for STABO (NSN 1670-00-168-5952)
(1670-00-168-6064) (1670-00-168-6063) Fast Rope Insertion/Extraction System (4020-01338-3307) (4020-01-338-3308) (4020-01-338-3309) and Anchoring Device (1670-00-9993544), 25 September 1992.
TM 10-1670-298-20&P, Unit Maintenance Manual Including Repair Parts and Special Tools List for
Container Delivery System A-7A Cargo Sling (NSN 1670-00-251-1153) A-21Aerial Delivery
Cargo Bag (1670-00-242-9173) A-22 Aerial Delivery Cargo Bag (1670-00-587-3421) A-23
Aerial Delivery Cargo Bag (1670-01-065-3748) Capsule, Cargo CTU-2/A (1670-01-0595788) Strap Connector, 60-Inches Long (5340-00-738-5878) Strap Connector, 120-Inches
Long (5340-00-738-5879), 15 September 1995.
TM 10-1670-292-23&P, Unit and Direct Support (DS) Maintenance Manual (Including Repair Parts
and Special Tools List) for Parachutes, Personnel Type: 35-Foot Diameter MC1-1C Troop
Back Parachute Assembly (NSN 1670-01-262-2359); 35-Foot Diameter, MC1-1D Troop Back
Parachute Assembly (1670-01-487-0777) {TO 14D1-2-466-2; TM 04296D-23&P/2}, 1
February 2002.
TM 10-1670-293-23&P, Technical Manual Field Maintenance Manual Including Repair Parts and
Special Tools List For 35-Foot Diameter, T-10D Troop Back Parachute Assembly P/N
836600-0 (NSN 1670-01-484-2234), 6 June 2013.
TM 10-1670-299-20&P, Unit Maintenance Manual Including Repair Parts And Special Tools List For
Ancillary Equipment Ancillary Equipment For: Personnel Troop Parachute System Case,
Parachutists, Individual Weapon, M-1950 (Nylon) (NSN 8465-01-109-0702) Case,
Parachutists, Individual Weapon, M-1950 (Cotton) (8465-00-261-4995) Case, Parachutists,
Weapon & Individual Equipment, (8465-00-753-6549) Extension, Static Line, Standard, 5Foot (1670-00-368-4225), 30 June 2004.
TM 10-1670-326-23&P, Field Maintenance Manual Including Repair Parts and Special Tools List for
T-11 Personnel Parachute System (NSN 1670-01-539-4525), 16 March 2009.
TM 10-1670-327-23&P, Field Maintenance Manual Including Repair Parts and Special Tools List for
MC-6 Personnel Parachute System (NSN 1670-01-527-7537), 15 January 2009.
TM 38-250/AFJMAN 24-204/NAVSUP PUB 505/MCO P4030.19I/DLAI 4145.3 DCMAD1, CH3.4,
Preparing Hazardous Materials for Military Air Shipments, 3 December 2012.
References
TM 11083B-OI (USMC), MC-7 Personnel Parachute System, 30 November 2009.
DOCUMENTS NEEDED
These documents must be available to the intended user of this publication.
AF Form 4304, Drop Zone/Landing Zone Control Log.
DA Pam 351-4, U.S. Army Formal Schools Catalog.
DA Form 1306, Statement of Jump and Loading Manifest.
DA Form 2028, Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms.
DA Form 4137, Evidence/Property Custody Document.
DD Form 1574, Serviceable Tag Materiel.
DD Form 1748-2, Airdrop Malfunction Report (Personnel-Cargo).
WEBSITES
Some of the documents and individual and collective tasks referred to in this publication may be
accessed at one of the following websites:
Air Force Pubs, http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/
Army Publishing Directorate, http://www.apd.army.mil/
Army Quartermaster Corps, www.quartermaster.army.mil/adfsd
Central Army Registry Library, http://www.train.army.mil/
NATO ISAs, http://nsa.nato.int/nsa/
Naval Safety Center , www.safetycenter.navy.mil
References-2
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
Index
adjustable individual weapons case
M1950, 12-17
M1950 attached to parachutist, 12-18
M1950 secured to parachutist, 12-17
aircraft types
high-performance, utility rotary wing, 15-1
AIRPAC
attached to parachutist with a PIE/R2, 12-39
components, 12-37
front-mount container, 12-37
PIE/R2, 12-37
rigging front-mount container, 12-37
rigging side-mount container, 12-38
side-mount container, 12-37
tandem load, 12-39
AIRPAC JM personnel inspection T-10/MC-1-JMPI
sequence inspection, 9-22
AIRPAC, side-mount
JM personnel inspection T-10/MC-1--technical
inspection, 9-23
ALICE pack, 12-10
attached to HSPR and parachutist. See
with frame, 12-10
arctic equipment space considerations
modifications, 13-1
weight, 13-1
arctic rigging
snowshoes, indidvidual weapon, 13-2
Army physical fitness test (APFT), 1-2
A-series containers
A-21 cargo bag
characteristics, 14-3
components, 14-3
method of rigging, 14-4
A-7A cargo sling
characteristics, 14-2
components, 14-2
four-strap bundle, 14-3
three-strap bundle, 14-2
two-strap bundle, 14-2
cargo parachute rigging
attachment, 14-4
containers, 14-4
inspection, 14-4
rigging
assemblies, 14-1
hazardous materials, 14-1
webbing, 14-1
AT4 jump pack
components, 12-26
construction, proper use, 12-26
lowering, 12-34
Ranger Antiarmor/Antipersonnel Weapon System,
12-43
rigged with ALICE pack, 12-29
rigging, 12-27
shock absorber, 12-26
tandem load, 12-26
B 5 life preserver, 12-6
B 7 life preserver, 12-5
BA-18 back automatic parachute
inspection criteria, 16-22
planned, unplanned exits, 16-23, 16-30
Boeing C-17A
configurations, 16-14
door bundle procedures, ejection, 16-18
door check procedures, 16-17
jump commands, 16-17
jumpmaster aircraft inspection, 16-20
safety precautions, 16-18
supervisory personel required, 16-16
time warnings, 16-16
towed jumper procedures, 16-22
bridle line assembly, 2-10
C-130E/H/J
configuration, 16-2
in-flight rigging operations (TAP-2/A, TAP-2), 16-4
jumpmster checklist, 16-10
mass operations, 16-2
over the ramp operations (TAP-3A, TAP-3), 16-6
time warnings, 16-9
C-47 Skytrain/DC-3
aircraft preparation, 19-20
aircraft restrictions, 19-19
anchor line cable, 19-20
JM, safety personnel responsibilities, 19-21
jump procedures, 19-21
reserve parachute, 19-19
seating configuration, 19-20
spaced limitations, 19-20
static lines, deployment bags, 19-20
C-7A Caribou
anchor line cable assemblies, 19-2
door jumping, 19-4
jump commands, 19-3
ramp jumping, 19-3
supervisory personnel required, 19-2
canopy. See parachute
CH/HH-3
inspection, 18-11
jump commands, procedures, 18-12
preparation, 18-11
CH-46 Sea Knight
inspection, 18-6
Index

loading techniques, seating configuration, 18-8
preparation, 18-5
CH-47 Chinook
inspection, 17-31
preparation, 17-31
CH-53 Sea Stallion
inspection, 18-2
preparation, 18-1
collisions. See
H hour, 8-1
harness assembly, 2-1
components, 2-3
harness, single-point release, 12-7
attached to ALICE pack and parachutist, 12-13
harnesses
high-performance transport aircraft
C-130, 16-2
Lockheed C-130, Hercules, Super Hercules, 16-1
hit it exercise, 4-10
in flight
door safety check, 10-3
eighth jump command, 10-7
final outside air safety check, 10-6
first seven jump commands, 10-3
general rules, 10-1
initial outside air safety check/checkpoints, 10-5
night operations, 10-1
ninth jump command, 10-7
one minute warning, 10-5
primary/assistant jumpmaster, 10-2
safety personnel, 10-1
ten minute warning, 10-2
towed parachutist (fixed-wing aircraft), 10-8
twenty minute warning, 10-2
individual combat equipment jump loads, 12-1
ALICE pack, 12-1
exposed weapons, other items, 12-1
fragile, crushable items, 12-1
hard, bulky or irregularly-shaped items, 12-1
individual items attached to equipment belt, 12-1
inspection, 12-1
table of individual weight restrictions, 12-2
table of parachute load limits, 12-2
using other equipment entry methods, 12-1
weight restrictions, 12-1
individual load
M249 machine gun, 12-21
instructional segments, 1-1
JM personnel inspection T-10, MC-1
hands-on, 9-3
JM personnel inspection T-10/MC-1
advanced combat helmet (back), 9-10, 9-11
advanced combat helmet (front), 9-4
ALICE pack, 9-14
ballistic helmet (back), 9-10
ballistic helmet (front), 9-3
canopy release assemblies, 9-4
chest strap, 9-5
diagonal backstraps, 9-12
hook-pile tape lowering line, 9-21
horizontal backstrap, 9-12
JMPI options with combat equipment, 9-15
JMPI procedures, 9-17
JMPI sequence for AIRPAC, 9-22
leg straps, 9-8
M82 medic jump pack, 9-23
MIRPS, 9-6
commands
at ease in the harness, 4-15
let up, 4-15
cutting away, 6-3
departure airfield
aircraft inspection, 9-2
assistant jumpmaster, 9-1
briefing, 9-1
initial coordination, 9-2
key personnel, 9-1
manifest distribution, 9-1
parachute issue, 9-2
primary jumpmaster, 9-1
T-11/MC-6 inspection, 9-25
departure airfield control officer
additional DACO responsibilities, 11-2
airfield/runway safety, 11-2
DZSO/DZST coordination, 11-1
initial coordination, 11-1
tanker/airlift control element coordination, 11-1
deployment bag, 2-3, 2-5
components, graphic, 2-4
ejector spring assembly
graphic, 2-11
emergency landings, 8-9
high-tension wire landing, 8-9
tree landing, 8-9
entanglements, 8-8
exposed load-bearing equipment
enhanced tactical load-bearing vest, 12-17
positioning and adjustment, 12-17
protective mask carrier, 12-16
rigging and wear, 12-16
with field pack, 12-17
field pack, large, internal frame
M82 medic jump pack rigging, 12-46
five points of contact, 8-6
five points of performance, 8-4
Index-2
TC 3-21.220
October 2013
Index
MIRPS soft loop center pull, 9-7

modular lightweight load-carrying equipment pack,
9-19
pack opening, loop, pack closing loops, pack
closing tie, 9-10
pack tray, 9-12
parachutist drop bag, 9-15
rigging, 9-16
riser assemblies, 9-11
saddle, 9-13
technical inspection for side-mount AIRPAC, 9-23
universal static line, 9-9
waistband, 9-5
weapons case, M1950, 9-13
JM personnel inspection T-11/MC-6
advanced combat helmet (back), 9-31
advanced combat helmet (front), 9-26
ballistic helmet (back), 9-30
ballistic helmet (front), 9-25
canopy release assemblies, 9-26
chest strap, 9-27
diagonal/horizontal backstraps, 9-32
inspection of combat equipment, 9-33
main lift web, 9-27
pack tray, 9-31
rip cord leg straps, 9-29
riser assemblies, 9-31
saddle, 9-32
T-11 reserve parachute, 9-28
JM personnel inspection TC-11/MC-6
ALICE pack, 9-34
MOLLE II rucksack, 9-35
JM personnel inspecton TC-11/MC-6
M1950 weapons case, 9-34
jump altitudes
high-elevation jumping, 15-4
minimum, 15-1
minimum, table 15-1, 15-3
parachute reliability data, 15-3, 15-4
parachute reliability data, table 15-2, 15-4
prejump training, 15-3
jump commands, 4-13
eighth command, stand by, 5-8
equipment deficiency, 5-8
fifth command, check static lines, 5-5
first command, get ready, 5-1
fourth command, hook up, 5-4
ninth command, go, 5-9
second command, outboard personnel, stand up,
5-2
second command, stand up, 5-1
sequence, 5-1
seventh command, sound off for equipment check,
5-7
sixth command, check equipment, 5-6
third command, inboard personnel stand up, 5-3
jump week schedule, 1-3
October 2013
TC 3-21.220
jumper retrieval, 6-3

jumpmaster and safety
essential information, 8-1
sustained airborne training (unit area), 8-3
jumpmaster duties
departure airfield, 9-1
key personnel
commander, 7-1
departure airfield control officer (DACO), 7-3
drop zone safety officer (DZSO), 7-3
drop zone support team leader, 7-4
malfunction officer, 7-4, 7-5, 7-6
prerequisites, 7-2
primary jumpmaster, 7-2
primary jumpmaster, rotary-wing aircraft, 7-2
let up position, 4-15
life preservers
B 5, 12-6
B 7, 12-5
LPU 10/P, 12-6
requirements for use, 12-3
TFSS-5326 ICLPU, 12-3
types, 12-3
Lockheed MC-130E/H/P/W
configurations, 16-13
JM checklist, 16-14
lowering line
HPT lowering line (modified), 12-8
HPT lowering line attached to HSPR, 12-12
LPU 10/P, 12-6
M16/M4 rifle
jumped exposed, 12-18
jumped inside M1950 weapons case, 12-20
M1950 modified weapons case
M224 60-mm lightweight mortar, 12-22
marking, 12-22
M1950 weapons case
M240B machine gun, 12-20
M203 grenade launcher
jumped exposed, 12-18
jumped inside M1950 weapons case, 12-20
M224 60 mm lightweight mortar
rigging, 12-23
M224 60-mm lightweight mortar
load distribution, 12-23
major components, 12-22
M224-60 mm lightweight mortar
M1950 modified weapons case, 12-22
M240B machine gun
accessory bag, 12-21
assistant gunner, 12-21
Index-3
Index
packed assembled, 12-20

packed disassembled, 12-20
spare barrel, 12-21
tandem load, 12-20
tripod, 12-21
worn on individual, 12-20
M249 machine gun
individual load, 12-21
M1950 weapons case marking, 12-21
M1950 weapons case packing, 12-21
tandem load, 12-21
M249/M1950 weapons case
attachment to parachutist, 12-21
M82 medic jump pack
field pack, large, internal frame, 12-46
malfunction
blown section or gore, 6-4
broken suspension lines, 6-4
defintion, 6-1
down and away method, 6-2
inversion, 6-3
partial, 6-3
blown section, 6-4
broken suspension lines, 6-4
complete inversion, 6-3
gore, 6-4
pull drop method, 6-1
semi inversion, 6-4
streamer, 6-2
T-10 reserve, 6-4
total malfunction, 6-2
towed jumper, 6-3
types, two, 6-1
MIRPS, 2-9
canopy assembly, 2-11
deployment assistance device. See ejector spring
assembly
ejector spring assembly, 2-11
pilot chute, 2-10
pilot chute graphic, 2-10
mission briefing, 8-1
MSR snowshoes
rigging, 13-10
nonstandard aircraft commands
GO command, 19-2
STAND IN THE DOOR, 19-1
nonstandard aircraft movement
shuffle, 19-1
operation briefing (departure airfield), 8-3
pack tray, 2-6
components, graphic, 2-4
w/universal static line assembly, 2-3
parachute
assembly, 2-8
characteristics, MC1 series, 2-8
characteristics, T-10 series, 2-8
deployment sequence, 2-8
design characteristics, MC1-1B, 2-8
design characteristics, MC1-1C, 2-9
Index-4
TC 3-21.220
design characteristics, MC1-1D, 2-9

design characteristics, T-10 series, 2-9
parachute landing fall, 1-2
parachutes
main, parts, 2-1
MC1 series, 2-1
MIRPS, 2-1
T-10 series, 2-1
parachutist
tandem load, 12-14
partial malfunctions, 8-7
activation of reserve, 8-7
physical training
17 to 21 year old standards, 1-2
primary jumpmaster
qualifications, 7-2
rotary-wing aircraft, 7-2
primary jumpmaster designation, 8-1
assistant jumpmaster briefing, 8-2
operation briefing (departure airfield), 8-3
plan, 8-1
safety kit bag, 8-2
time, 8-1
purpose, 1-1
Ranger Antiarmor/Antipersonnel Weapon
attached to parachutist, 12-46
cleaning kit, gun mount, 12-44
container, 12-44
main components, 12-43
rigging, 12-44
Ranger Antiarmor/Antipersonnel Weapon System
AT4 jump pack, 12-43
reserve activation inside aircraft, 8-11
fixed-wing aircraft, 8-11
rotary-wing aircraft, 8-12
reserve inflates, 8-8
riser assembly
components, 2-3
rotary-wing aircraft
container loads, 17-2
crowded conditions, 17-2
ground training, 17-1
hookup procedures, 17-2
movement in aricraft, 17-1
primary jumpmaster qualifications, 7-2
six second count, 17-1
space limitations, 17-1
towed parachutist procedures, 17-2
skis jumped with rifle or ALICE pack
skies and rifle, 13-15
snap hook, 2-5
snowshoes and individual weapon
October 2013
Index
jumping snowshoes with M1950 weapons case,

13-4
snowshoes with weapon exposed, 13-3
snowshoes without weapon, 13-2
standards, 1-1
Stinger missile jump pack
components, 12-40
construction, use, 12-40
individual jump procedures, 12-43
rigging, 12-41
sustained airborne training (unit area), 8-4
minimum training, 8-4
T-10 reserve, 6-1
down and away method, 6-2
tandem load
AIRPAC, 12-39
AT4 jump pack, 12-26
M240B machine gun, 12-20
released and lowered, 12-15
tandem load on single lowering line
MSR snowshoes, 13-10
rigged load, 13-5
skies and ALICE pack or weapons case, 13-16,
13-22
TFSS-5326 ICLPU, 12-3
total malfunctions (no-lift capability), 8-6
activation of reserve, 8-6
reserve parachute control, 8-7
towed jumper, 6-3
towed parachutist procedures, 8-12
training
ground, 1-1
jump phase, 1-1
tower phase, 1-1
UH-1 series
air delivery containers, 18-25
anchor line systems, 18-20
arctic operations, 18-25
jump commands, 17-6, 18-24
loading techniques, seating configuration, 17-5,
18-23
October 2013
TC 3-21.220
personnel, 18-25
preparation, inspection, 17-3
UH-1Y
preparation, 18-20
UH-60 series Black Hawk
inspection, 17-24
safety belt modification, 17-29
UH-60-series Black Hawk
preparation, 17-21
UH-72A LUH
installing safety strap for S/L personnel, 17-15
personnel, 17-20
preparation, inspection, 17-8
universal static line components
graphic, 2-5
snap hook graphic, 2-6
universal static line extension, 2-5
V-22 Osprey
aircraft restrictions, 18-14
combination of personnel, cargo, 18-15
crowded conditions, 18-15
jumpmaster aircraft inspection, 18-18
loadmaster briefing, 18-18
movement in aircraft, 18-14
safety precauations, 18-17
seating configuraton, 18-16
space limitations, 18-14
static line operations, 18-15
water landing with life preserver, 8-11
water landing without life preserver, 8-11
weapons/equipment container system
AIRPAC, 12-37
Index-5
TC 3-21.220 (*FM 3-21.220)/MCWP 3-315.7/AFMAN 11420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010

OCTOBER 2013
By Order of the Secretary of the Army:
RAYMOND T. ODIERNO
General, United States Army
Chief of Staff
Official:
JOYCE E. MORROW
Administrative Assistant to the
Secretary of the Army
XXXXXXX
DISTRIBUTION:
Active Army, Army National Guard, and U.S. Army Reserve: To be distributed in accordance with the
initial distribution number (IDN) 111224, requirements for TC 3-21.220.

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TC 3-21.220 (*FM 3-21.220)/MCWP 3-315.

Static Line Parachuting Techniques and Training

Headquarters, Department of the Army

HARRY C. DISBROW, JR.

This publication is available at

Static Line Parachuting Techniques and Training

PREFACE ......................................................................................................... xxiii

OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................... 1-1

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT .................................................................................. 2-1

Section III MC-7 Personal Parachute System .......................................... 2-36

FIVE POINTS OF PERFORMANCE .................................................................. 3-1

TRAINING APPARATUSES .............................................................................. 4-1

Advanced Training Objectives .......................................................................... 4-19

JUMP COMMAND SEQUENCE AND ACTIONS .............................................. 5-1

MAIN PARACHUTE MALFUNCTIONS AND RESERVE PARACHUTE USE .. 6-1

PART TWO. ADVANCED TECHNIQUES

KEY PERSONNEL ............................................................................................. 7-1

JUMPMASTER AND SAFETY ........................................................................... 8-1

Jumpmaster/Safety Kit Bag (Departure Airfield) ................................................. 8-2

JUMPMASTER AND SAFETY DUTIES AT DEPARTURE AIRFIELD ............. 9-1

JUMPMASTER AND SAFETY DUTIES IN FLIGHT ........................................ 10-1

DEPARTURE AIRFIELD CONTROL OFFICER .............................................. 11-1

Section I Initial Coordination ..................................................................... 11-1

PART THREE. EQUIPMENT

INDIVIDUAL COMBAT EQUIPMENT JUMP LOADS ..................................... 12-1

Load Distribution ............................................................................................. 12-23

ARCTIC RIGGING ............................................................................................ 13-1

SERIES CONTAINERS .................................................................................... 14-1

Assemblies ........................................................................................................ 14-1

PART FOUR. AIRCRAFT

AIRCRAFT TYPES AND JUMP ALTITUDES .................................................. 15-1

HIGH-PERFORMANCE TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT ......................................... 16-1

Jumpmaster Aircraft Inspection ...................................................................... 16-20

ROTARY-WING AIRCRAFT ............................................................................ 17-1

OTHER SERVICE AIRCRAFT ......................................................................... 18-1

Preparation and Inspection ............................................................................... 18-1

NONSTANDARD AIRCRAFT .......................................................................... 19-1

Anchor Line Cable Assemblies ......................................................................... 19-2

C-212 Jumpmaster Checklist .......................................................................... 19-26

PROCEDURES ................................................................................................. 20-1

FORMULAS AND COMPUTATIONS ............................................................... 21-1

ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION ............................................................ 22-1

MALFUNCTION OFFICER ............................................................................... 23-1

ADVERSE WEATHER AERIAL DELIVERY SYSTEM .................................... 24-1

Section I Multiple Mission Support........................................................... 24-1

DELIBERATE WATER DROP ZONE OPERATIONS ..................................... 25-1

EXIT PROCEDURES ........................................................................................ 26-1

COMBAT AIRBORNE OPERATIONS ............................................................. 27-1

REFRESHER TRAINING .................................................................................. A-1

JUMPMASTER TRAINING COURSE ............................................................... B-1

JUMPMASTER REFRESHER COURSE .......................................................... C-1

EMERGENCY LANDINGS ................................................................................ D-1

Risk Assessment Analysis ................................................................................. D-3

SUSTAIN AIRBORNE TRAINING ..................................................................... E-1

T-11/MC-6 TRANSITION TRAINING ................................................................. F-1

Figure 2-17. T-11 riser assembly ......................................................................................... 2-22

Figure 16-3. C-130 E/H/J configuration ............................................................................... 16-4

Table 16-6. MC-130W configurations ................................................................................ 16-13