Medical Students Amnesia

A transient selective loss of memory during an exam

that prevents one from remembering the eponymically-named diseases discovered by old, dead doctors.
Addisons Disease

1.

Primary adrenocortical deficiency

Addisonian Anemia

2.

Pernicious anemia

Albrights Syndrome

3.

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, caf au lait spots, short stature, young girls

Alports Syndrome

4.

Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness

Alzheimers

5.

Progressive dementia

Argyll-Robertson Pupil

6.
7.
8.
9.

Loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral)

Prostitutes Eye accommodates but does not react
Pathognomonic for 3Syphilis
Lesion pretectal region of superior colliculus

Arnold-Chiari Malformation

10. Cerebellar tonsil herniation through foramen magnum = see thoracolumbar meningomyelocele

Barretts

11.

Bartters Syndrome

12. Hyperreninemia

Beckers Muscular Dystrophy

13. Similar to Duchenne, but less severe

Bells Palsy

14. CNVII palsy

Bergers Disease

15. IgA nephropathy causing hematuria in kids, usually following infection

Bernard-Soulier Disease

16. Defect in platelet adhesion

Berry Aneurysm

17. Circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed) Anterior Communicating artery

18. Often associated with ADPKD

Bowens Disease

19. Carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis

Brill-Zinsser Disease

20. Recurrences of rickettsia prowazaki up to 50 yrs later

Briquets Syndrome

21. Somatization disorder

22. Psychological: multiple physical complaints without physical pathology

Brocas Aphasia

23. Motor Aphasia (area 44 & 45) intact comprehension

Brown-Sequard

24. Hemisection of cord

Brutons Disease

25. X-linked agammaglobinemia ( B cells)

Budd-Chiari

26. Post-hepatic venous thrombosis = ab pain; hepatomegaly; ascites; portal HTN; liver failure

Buergers Disease

27. Acute inflammation of medium and small arteries of extremities painful ischemia gangrene
28. Seen almost exclusively in young and middle-aged men who smoke.

Burkitts Lymphoma

29.
30.
31.
32.

Caisson Disease

33. Nitric gas emboli

Chagas Disease

34. Trypansoma infection - cardiomegaly with apical atrophy, achlasia

Chediak-Higashi Disease

35. (AR) Phagocyte Deficiency = defect in microtubule polymerization

36. Neutropenia, albinism, cranial & peripheral neuropathy & repeated infections w/ strep & staph

Conns Syndrome

37. Primary Aldosteronism: HTN; retain Na & H2O; hypokalemia (causing alkalosis); renin

Coris Disease

38. Type III Glycogenosis Glycogen storage disease

Creutzfeldt-Jakob

39. Prion infection cerebellar & cerebral degeneration

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome

40. Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)

41. Glucuronyl transferase deficiency. Can progress to Kernicterus
42. Less severe form will respond to Phenobarbital therapy

Crohns

43. IBD; ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, cobblestones, lymphocytic infiltrate, granulomas

(antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells IF Vit B12 megaloblastic anemia)

Columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus

( risk of adenocarcinoma)-

constant gastroesophageal reflux

(mutation, not a deficiency, in dystrophin protein)

(entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)

(abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein)

( risk of visceral ca)

[compare w/ Queyrat]

(contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN / ipsi loss of consc.

Proprio)

Small noncleaved cell lymphoma EBV

8:14 translocation
Seen commonly in jaws, abdomen, retroperitoneal soft tissues
Starry sky appearance

(debranching enz: amylo 1,6 glucosidase def. Glycogen)

44.

(contrast to UC: limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, colon cancer risk)

45.

Clinically: ab pain & diarrhea; fever; malabsorption; fistulae b/t intestinal loops & abd structures

Curlings Ulcer

46. Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Cushings

47. Disease: Hypercorticism 2 to ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)

48. Syndrome: hypercorticism of all other causes (1 adrenal or ectopic)
49.
- moon face; buffalo hump; purple striae; hirsutism; HTN; hyperglycemia

Cushings Ulcer

50. Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma

de Quervains Thyroiditis

51. Self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)

DiGeorges Syndrome

52. Failure of 3 & 4 pharyngeal pouches formation: Thymus & Parathyroid

53. Thymic hypoplasia T-cell deficiency
54. Hypoparathyroidism Tetany

Downs Syndrome

55. Trisomy 21 or translocation Simian Crease

Dresslers Syndrome

56. Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

57. Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated) = bilirubin transposrt is defective not conjugation

rd

th

autoimmune

58. Striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

59. Deficiency of dystrophin protein MD

Edwards Syndrome

60. Trisomy 18
61. Rocker-bottom feet, low ears, small lower jaw, heart disease

Ehlers-Danlos

62. Defective collagen

Eisenmengers Complex

63. Late cyanotic shunt (RL)

Erb-Duchenne Palsy

64. Trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus

Ewing Sarcoma

65. Malignant undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone in boys <15yoa - t11;22

Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat

66. Carcinoma in situ on glans penis

Fanconis Syndrome

67. Impaired proximal tubular reabsorption 2 to lead poisoning or Tetracycline

Feltys Syndrome

68. Rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly

Gardners Syndrome

69. AD = adenomatous polyps of colon, osteomas & soft tissue tumors

Gauchers Disease

70. Lysosomal Storage Disease glucocerebrosidase deficiency glucocerebroside accumulation

71. Hepatosplenomegaly, femoral head & long bone erosion, anemia

Gilberts Syndrome

72. Benign congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated) = d glucuronyl transferase activity

Glanzmanns Thrombasthenia

73. Defective glycoproteins on platelets = deficient platelet aggregation

Goodpastures

74. Autoimmune: abs to glomerular & alveolar basement membranes. Seen in men in their 20s

Graves Disease

75. Autoimmune hyperthyroidism (TSI): IgG Ab reactive w/ TSH receptors.

Guillain-Barre

76. Polyneuritis following viral infection/ autoimmune

Hamman-Rich Syndrome

77. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Can see honey comb lung.

Hand-Schuller-Christian

78. Chronic progressive histiocytosis

Hashimotos Thyroiditis

79. Autoimmune hypothyroidism. May have transient hyperthyroidism.

Hashitoxicosis

80. Initial hyperthyroidism in Hashimotos Thyroiditis that precedes hypothyroidism

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

81. Hypersensivity vasculitis = allergic purpura. Lesions have the same age.
82. Hemmorhagic urticaria (with fever, arthralgias, GI & renal involvement)
83. Associated with upper respiratory infections

Hirschprungs Disease

84. Aganglionic megacolon

Horners Syndrome

85. Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

Huntingtons (Chromosome 4)

86. AD: Progressive degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen (striatum) & frontal cortex

Jacksonian Seizures

87. Epileptic events originating in the primary motor cortex (area 4)

Jobs Syndrome

1.
2.
3.
88.

Kaposi Sarcoma

89. Malignant vascular tumor

Kartageners Syndrome

90. Immotile cilia 2 to defective dynein arms

Kawasaki Disease

91. Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in kids

Klinefelters Syndrome

92. 47, XXY: Long arms, Sterile, Hypogonadism

Kluver-Bucy

93. Bilateral lesions of amygdala

Krukenberg Tumor

94. Adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases to
95. the ovaries

Laennecs Cirrhosis

96. Alcoholic cirrhosis

X-linked recessive

pulmonary HTN & RVH 2 to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA

Waiters Tip

(glycosuria,

hyperphosphaturia, aminoaciduria, systemic acidosis)

Low TSH & TRH High T3 /

T4

(ascending muscle weakness & paralysis; usually self-limiting)

Low T3 /T4 & High TSH

(lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2 to a Pancoast tumor)

GABA

Immune deficiency: neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic stimuli

Defective neutrophilic chemotactic response = repeated infections
Commonly seen in light-skinned, red-haired girls
d IgE levels
(HHV8 in homosexual men)
infection, situs inversus, sterility
(acute necrotizing vasculitis of lips, oral mucosa)

(hypersexuality; oral behavior)

Lesch-Nyhan

97. HGPRT deficiency

98. Gout, retardation, self-mutilation

Letterer-Siwe

99. Acute disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Libman-Sacks

100. Endocarditis with small vegetations on valve leaflets

101. Associated with SLE

Lou Gehrigs

102. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Mallory-Weis Syndrome

103. Bleeding from esophagogastric lacerations 2 to wretching (alcoholics)

Marfans

104. Connective tissue defect: defective Fibrillin gene

McArdles Disease

105. Type V Glycogenosis - Glycogen storage disease

Meckels Diverticulum

106. Rule of 2s: 2 inches long, 2 feet from the ileocecum, in 2% of the population
107. Embryonic duct origin; may have ectopic tissue: gastric/pancreatic remnant of vitteline duct/yolk stalk

Meigs Syndrome

108. Triad: ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax associated w/ fibroma of ovaries

Menetriers Disease

109. Giant hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss)

Monckebergs Arteriosclerosis

110. Calcification of the media (usually radial & ulnar aa.)

Munchausen Syndrome

111. Factitious disorder

Nelsons Syndrome

112. 1 Adrenal Cushings surgical removal of adrenals loss of negative feedback to pituitary
Pituitary Adenoma

Niemann-Pick

113. Lysosomal Storage Disease

114. Foamy histiocytes

Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome

115. Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. Seen in the Mormons of Utah.

Pagets Disease

116. Abnormal bone architecture

Pancoast Tumor

117. Bronchogenic tumor with superior sulcus involvement Horners Syndrome

Parkinsons

118. Dopamine depletion in nigrostriatal tracts

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (AD)

119. Melanin pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia + hamartomatous polyps of small intestine

Peyronies Disease

120. Subcutaneous fibrosis of dorsum of penis

Picks Disease 2 Different

Diseases -

121. 1. Progressive dementia similar to Alzheimers

122. 1. Constrictive pericarditis sequel to mediastinal tuberculosis
123. Calcium-frosting, unyielding layer heart chambers may be unable to dilate to receive blood during diastole

Plummers Syndrome

124. Hyperthyroidism, nodular goiter, absence of eye signs

Plummer-Vinson

125. Esophageal webs & iron-deficiency anemia, spoon-shaped nails, SCCA of esophagus

Pompes Disease

126. Type II Glycogenosis Glycogen storage disease cardiomegaly

Potts Disease

127. Tuberculous osteomyelitis of the vertebrae

Potters Complex

128. Renal agenesis oligohydramnios hypoplastic lungs, defects in extremities

Raynauds

129. Disease: recurrent vasospasm in extremities = seen in young, healthy women

130. Phenomenon: 2 to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma)

Reiters Syndrome

131. Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis

Reyes Syndrome

132. Microvesicular fatty liver change & encephalopathy

133. 2 to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illness, especially VZV

Riedels Thyroiditis

134. Idiopathic fibrous replacement of thyroid

Rotor Syndrome

135. Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated)

degeneration of upper & lower motor neurons

Dissecting aortic aneurysm, subluxation of lenses

(muscle phosphorylase deficiency = Glycogen)

(consciously creates symptoms, but doesnt know why)

(sphingomyelinase deficiency sphingomyelin accumulation)

(thickened, numerous fractures pain)

(Plummers = Graves - eye signs)

( 1,4 Glucosidase deficiency:

Glycogen)

non-infectious (but often follows infections), HLA-B27, polyarticular

136. Similar to Dubin-Johnson, but no discoloration of the liver

Sezary Syndrome

137. Leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)

Shavers Disease

138. Aluminum inhalation lung fibrosis

Sheehans Syndrome

139. Postpartum pituitary necrosis = hemorrhage & shock usually occurred during delivery

Shy-Drager

140. Parkinsonism with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension

Simmonds Disease

141. Pituitary cachexia can occur from either pituitary tumors or Sheehans

Sipples Syndrome

142. MEN type IIa = pheochromocytoma, thyroid medullary CA, hyperparathyroidism

Sjogrens Syndrome

143. Triad: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

Spitz Nevus

144. Juvenile melanoma (always benign)

Stein-Leventhal

145. Polycystic ovary: see amenorrhea; infertility; obesity; hirsutism = LH secretion

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

146. Erythema multiforme, fever, malaise, mucosal ulceration

drugs)

risk of B-cell lymphoma

(often 2 to infection = mycoplasma or sulfa

Stills Disease

147. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor)

Takayasus arteritis

148. Aortic arch syndrome

149. Loss of carotid, radial or ulnar pulses = pulseless disease. Night sweats.
150. Common in young Asian females

Tay-Sachs (AR)

151. Gangliosidosis (hexosaminidase A deficiency GM2 ganglioside)

Tetralogy of Fallot

152. 1.VSD, 2.overriding aorta, 3.pulmonary artery stenosis, 4.right ventricular hypertrophy

Tourettes Syndrome

153. Involuntary actions, both motor and vocal

Turcots Syndrome

154. Colon adenomatous polyps plus CNS tumors

Turners Syndrome

155. 45, XO = most common cause of Primary Amenorrhea. No Barr body on buccal smear.

Vincents Infection

156. Trench mouth acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis due to Fusobacterium

Von Gierkes Disease

157. Type I Glycogenosis Glycogen storage disease

Von Hippel-Lindau

158. Hemangioma (or hemangioblastoma) = cerebellum, brain stem, & retina

159. Adenomas of the viscera, especially Renal Cell Carcinoma
160. Chromosome 3p

Von Recklinghausens

161. Neurofibromatosis & caf au lait spots & Lisch nodules (Chromosome 17)

Von Recklinghausens Disease of Bone

162. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (brown tumor) 2 to hyperparathyroidism = osteoclastic resorption w/

163. fibrous replacement

Von Willebrands Disease (AD)

164. Defect in platelet adhesion 2 to deficiency in vWF. aPPT, Bleed time

Waldenstroms macroglobinemia

165. Proliferation of IgM-producing lymphoid cells in men 50-70 yoa; PAS(+) Dutcher bodies

Wallenbergs Syndrome

166. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) thrombosis Medullary Syndrome

167. Ipsilateral: ataxia, facial pain & temp; Contralateral: body pain & temp

Waterhouse-Friderichsen

168. Adrenal insufficiency 2 to DIC

169. DIC 2 to meningiococcemia

Webers Syndrome

170. Paramedian Infarct of Midbrain

171. Ipsilateral: mydriasis; Contralateral: UMN paralysis (lower face & body)

Wegeners Granulomatosis

172. Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses, lungs, kidneys, etc.

Weils Disease

173. Icteric Leptospirosis non-icteric prgresses to renal failure & myocarditis

174. Dark field microscopy for dx

Wermers Syndrome

175. MEN type I = thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortex, pancreatic islets, pituitary

Wernickes Aphasia

176. Sensory Aphasia

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

177. Thiamine deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies (mediodorsal nucleua)

Whipples Disease

178. Malabsorption syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) & polyarthritis

Wilsons Disease

179. Hepatolenticular degeneration (copper accumulation [Txt w/ Penicillamine ] & decrease in ceruloplasmin)
180. Mallory Bodies in the Liver & also w/ alcoholic hepatitis & Hyaline change
181. Chromosome 13

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

182. Immunodeficiency: combined B- &T-cell deficiency (thrombocytopenia & eczema)

183. IgM w/ IgA

Wolff-Chaikoff Effect

184. High iodine level ( )s thyroid hormone synthesis

Zenkers Diverticulum

185. Esophageal; cricopharyngeal muscles above UES

Zollinger-Ellison

186. Gastrin-secreting tumor of pancreas

Rogers Disease

187. Interventricular septal defect

Barlows Syndrome

188. Floppy vale syndrome women b/t 20-40 yoa

Bracht-Wachter Lesions

189. Minute abscesses found in subacute bacterial endocarditis

Lutembachers Syndrome

190. Combination of septum secundum atrial septal defect w/ mitral stenosis

Schmidts Syndrome

191. Autoimmnue thyroid Disease (Hashimotos ) & insulin-dependent diabetes

Cherry Red Spots of the Macula

Txt w/ Pimozide

(G6Ptase deficiency) Glycogen accumulaiton

impaired comprehension

(or intestine)

acid recurrent ulcers

Hallmark Findings
Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation

192. Guillain-Barre

Antiplatelet Antibodies

193. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Arachnodactyly

194. Marfans

Aschoff Bodies

195. Rheumatic fever

(confusion, ataxia,

ophthalmoplegia)

(markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)

Auer Rods

196. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)

Autosplenectomy

197. Sickle cell anemia: switch a glu val in chain

198. Low O2 sickling
199. Aplastic crisis w/ B19 (Parvovirus ssDNA) infection
200. Salmonella osteomyelitis
201. Vaso-occlusive painful crisises
F
202. Hydroxyurea as Txt ( Hb ) & Bone marrow transplant

Babinski

203. UMN lesion

Basophilic Stippling of RBCs

204. Lead poisoning

Bence Jones Protein

205. Multiple myeloma free light chains (either kappa or lambda)

206. Waldenstroms macroglobinemia

Birbeck Granules

207. Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)

Blue Bloater
Boot-Shaped Heart

208. Chronic Bronchitis (at least 3 months for at least 2 years of ecessive mucus secretion &
chronic recurrent productive cough)
209. Tetralogy of Fallot

Bouchards Nodes

210. Osteoarthritis

Boutonnieres Deformity

211. Rheumatoid arthritis

Brown Tumor

212. Hyperparathyroidism

Brushfield Spots

213. Downs

Call-Exner Bodies

214. Granulosa cell tumor: associated w/ endometrial hyperplasia & carcinoma

215. Granuloma-Theca cell tumor

Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy

216. Chagas Disease

Chancre

217. 1 Syphilis

Chancroid

218. Haemophilus ducreyi

Charcot Triad

219. Multiple sclerosis = nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech

Charcot-Leyden Crystals

220. Bronchial asthma

Cheyne-Stokes Breathing

221. Cerebral lesion

Chocolate Cysts

222. Endometriosis

Chvosteks Sign

223. Hypocalcemia

Clue Cells

224. Gardnerella vaginitis

Codmans Triangle

225. Osteosarcoma

Cold Agglutinins

226. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

227. Infectious mononucleosis

Condyloma Lata

228. 2 Syphilis
229. New coffee flavor at Bagel & Bagel

Cotton Wool Spots

230. HTN
231. Aka, cytoid bodies seen w/ SLE (yellowish cotton wool fundal lesions)

Councilman Bodies

232. Dying hepatocytes HepB

Crescents In Bowmans Capsule

233. Rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)

Currant-Jelly Sputum

234. Klebsiella

Curschmanns Spirals

235. Bronchial asthma

Depigmentation Of Substantia Nigra

236. Parkinsons

Donovan Bodies

237. Granuloma inguinale (STD)

Eburnation

238. Osteoarthritis

Ectopia Lentis

239. Marfans

Erythema Chronicum Migrans

240. Lyme Disease

Fatty Liver

241. Alcoholism

Ferruginous Bodies

242. Asbestosis - & Iron laden

Ghon Focus / Complex

243. Tuberculosis (1 & 2 , respectively)

Glitter Cells

244. Acute Pyelonephritis

Gowers Maneuver

245. Duchennes MD

Heberdens Nodes

246. Osteoarthritis

(Proximal IP joint of the fingers)

flex proximal & extend distal IP joints

facial spasm in tetany

(polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)

use of arms to stand

(Distal IP joint of the fingers)

Heinz Bodies

247. G6PDH Deficiency

Heterophil Antibodies

248. Infectious mononucleosis

Hirano Bodies

249. Alzheimers

Hypersegmented PMNs

250. Megaloblastic anemia

Hypochromic Microcytic RBCs

251. Iron-deficiency anemia or Thalassemia

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction

252. Syphilis

Joint Mice

253. Osteoarthritis

Kaussmaul Breathing

254. Acidosis / Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Keratin Pearls

255. Squamous Cell CA of skin

Keyser-Fleischer Ring

256. Wilsons

Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules

257. Diabetic nephropathy: Nodular Glomerulosclerosis nodules of mesangial matrix

Koilocytes

258. HPV 6 & 11 (condyloma acuminatum - benign) and HPV 16 & 18 (malignant association)

Koplik Spots

259. Measles

Lewy Bodies

260. Parkinsons

Lines of Zahn

261. Arterial thrombus

Lisch Nodules

262. Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinhausens disease) = pigmented iris hamartomas

Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli

263. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis prototype of nephritic syndrome

Mallory Bodies

264. Alcoholic hepatitis

McBurneys Sign

265. Appendicitis

(McBurneys Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)

Michealis-Gutmann Bodies

266. Malakoplakia

lesion on bladder due to macros & calcospherites (M-G Bodies): usually due to E. Coli

Monoclonal Antibody Spike

267. Multiple myeloma

268. MGUS

Myxedema

269. Hypothyroidism

Negri Bodies

270. Rabies

Neuritic Plaques

271. Alzheimers

Neurofibrillary Tangles

272. Alzheimers

Non-pitting Edema

273. Myxedema
274. Anthrax Toxin

Notching of Ribs

275. Coarctation of Aorta

Nutmeg Liver

276. CHF = causing congested liver

Owls Eye Cells

277. CMV
278. Reed Sternburg Cells (Hodkins Lymphoma)
279. Aschoff cells seen w/ Rheumatic Fever

Painless Jaundice

280. Pancreatic CA (head)

Pannus

281. Rheumatoid arthritis, also see morning stiffnes that w/ joint use, HLA-DR4

Pautriers Microabscesses

282. Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma), Sezary

Philadelphia Chromosome

283. CML

Pick Bodies

284. Picks Disease

2 types of COPD

285. Pink Puffer Type A: Emphysema

286. Blue Bloater Type B: Bronchitis
287. Emphysema
Centroacinar smoking

Podagra

288. Gout

Port-Wine Stain

289. Hemangioma

Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign

290. Tearing of the ACL

Psammoma Bodies

291. Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid

292. Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
293. Meningioma
294. Mesothelioma

Pseudohypertrophy

295. Seen w/ Duchenne muscular dystrophy @ the claf muscles, due to fat

Punched-Out Bone Lesions

296. Multiple myeloma

(EBV)

over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms 2 to rapid lysis

(fractured osteophytes)

Actinic Keratosis is a precursor

(eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)

this is called the M protein (usually IgG or IgA)

Panacinar - 1 -antitrypsin deficiency

(MP joint of hallux)

Rash on Palms & Soles

297. 2 Syphilis
298. RMSF
299. Coxsackie virus infection: Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease

Red Morning Urine

300. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. You would use Hams test to confirm.

Reed-Sternberg Cells

301. Hodgkins Disease

Reid Index Increased

302. Chronic bronchitis = d ratio of bronchial gland to bronchial wall thickness

Reinke Crystals

303. Leydig cell tumor

Rouleaux Formation

304. Multiple myeloma

S3 Heart Sound

305. LR Shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD)

306. Mitral Regurg
307. LV Failure

S4 Heart Sound

308. Pulmonary Stenosis

309. Pulmonary HTN

Schwartzman Reaction

310. Neisseria meningitidis

Smith Antigen

311. SLE (also anti-dsDNA)

312. Malar Rash, Wire loop kidney lesions, Joint pain, False (+) syphilis test (VDRL)
313. 90% 14-45 yo females
314. also seen w/ use of INH; Procainamide; Hydralazine = SLE-like syndrome

Soap Bubble on X-Ray

315. Giant cell tumor of bone

Spike & Dome Glomeruli

316. Membranous glomerulonephritis = Nephrotic syndrome

317. Spike = basement membrane material & Dome = immune complex deposits (IgG orC3)

String Sign on X-ray

318. Crohns

Target Cells

319. Thalassemia

Tendinous Xanthomas

320. Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Thyroidization of Kidney

321. Chronic pyelonephritis

Tophi

322. Gout

Tram-Track Glomeruli

323. Membranoproliferative GN: Nephritic syndrome basement membrane is duplicated into 2 layers

Trousseaus Sign

324. Visceral ca, classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis)

325. Hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)

RBCs stacked as poker chips

impressive rash with bugs

bowel wall thickening

in Thalassemia w/ no gene: Hydrops Fetalis & Intrauterine death associations = HbBarts

326. These are two entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately have the
same name.

Virchows Node

327. Supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach

Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells

328. Measles

WBC Casts

329. Pyelonephritis

Whipples Triad

330. CNS disfunction Hypoglycemic episodes glu injection reverses CNS Sympts

Wire Loop Glomeruli

331. Lupus nephropathy, type IV (diffuse proliferative form)

AFP in amniotic fluid or

mothers serum

332. Spina Bifida

333. Anencephaly

Uric Acid

334.
335.
336.
337.

FEV1 /FVC

338. COPD

Ground Glass on chest x-ray

(Hyaline)

339. Due to Pneumocystis carinii

340. Seen w/ Atelectasia

Honey Combing of the lung

341. Seen w/ Asbestosis (a restrictive lung disease)

Crescents

342. Goodpastures syndrome (pneumonia w/ hemoptysis & rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis)

Linear Ig Deposits

343. Goodpastures syndrome

45 Degree Branch Points

344. Aspergillosis

PAS(+) Dutcher Bodies

345. Waldenstroms Macroglobulinemia = IgM = Hyperviscosity

Ground Glass in Abdomen(Hyaline)

346. Seen in the hepatocytes of healthy carriers of HBsAg in liver biopsies

Signet Ring Cells

347. Cells that replace the ovaries, due to Krukenbergs tumor that has metastasized from the
stomach

Gout
Lesch Nyhan
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)

Ground Glass Appearance (Hyaline)

348. Seen w/ Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy oligodendrocytes

349. Nuclei seen in Papillary CA of the thyroid (malignant)

Congo Red

350. Shows amyloid deposition in plaques & vascular walls

Meningiomas & Progesterone

351. Some meningiomas have Progesterone receptors = rapid growth in pregnancy can occur

Tuberous Sclerosis Triad

352. Seizures; Mental retardation; Leukoderma (congenital facial white spots or macules):
angiofibromas

Cowdry A Inclusions

353. Seen w/ Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in oligodendroglia

Devics Syndrome

354. Neuromyelitis Optica

355. A variant of multiple sclerosis: rapid demyelination of the optic nerve & spinal cord w/ paraplegia

c-erb B2

356. Breast Cancer association

Foster-Kennedy Syndrome

357. A tumor causing blindness & loss of smell w/ papilloedema

Hoffmans Sign

358. Flicking of the middle fingers nail

Red Nucleus Destruction

359. Intention tremors of the arm

Ventral Spinocerebellar tr.

360. Unconscious proprioception of lower extremities

Dorsal Spinocerebellar tr.

361. Unconscious prorpioception & fine motor movements

Cuneocerebellar tr.

362. Unconscious proprioception & fine motor movements of upper extremities

Dorsal Column

363. Conscious proprioception of the body

Lateral Spinothalamic tr.

364. Pain & Temperature sensation

Ventral Spinothalamic tr.

365. Light touch perception

SVA

366. Taste & Smell

GSE

367. Muscles of the eye & of the tongue

SSA

368. Vision; Hearing; Equilibrium

GVA

369. Sensation of tongue; soft palate. Carotid Body & Sinus innervation

GVE

370. Edinger Westphal = parasympathetic eye innervation

371. Gland innervation = secretions
372. Viscera

GSA

373. Pain & temperature of face

374. Sensation of external ear

SVE

375. Innervation of muscles of masticaiton, facial expressions, larynx & pharynx

LMN Lesion

376. Werndig Hoffman (progressive infantile muscular atrophy)

377. Poliomyelitis

Sensory Pathway Lesion

378. Subacute Combined Degeneration = Friedrichs Ataxia = B12 deficiency

379. Tabes Dorsalis (Neurosyphilis)

Both UMN & LMN Lesion

380. ALS = Lou Gherigs Disease

Both Sensory & Motor Lesion

381. Brown Sequard

382. Anterior Spinal artery Occlusion

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

383. Controls circadian rhythm

Ventromedial Nucleus

384. Satiety center. Savage behavior & obesity when lesioned

Lateral Nucleus

385. Induces eating. Starvation when lesioned

Arcuate Nucleus

386. Releases PIF (dopa-ergic neurons)

Mamillary Body

387. Can have hemorrhages as seen in Wernickes Encephalopathy

Acanthocytes

388. RBSc w/ spiny projections. Seen in Abetalipoproteinemia.

Most Common
o

1 Tumor arising from bone in

adults

389. Osteosarcoma

Adrenal Medullary Tumor Adults

390. Pheochromocytoma: 5 Ps: Pressure; Pain (Headache); Perspiration; Palpitations;

Pallor/Diaphoresis
391. Neuroblastoma

Adrenal Medullary Tumor

Children
Agent of severe viral encephalitis

392. Herpes simplex

Aggressive lung tumor

393. Small cell or oat cell

Associated with gallstones

394. Adenocarinoma

Bacterial Meningitis adults

395. Strep pneumoniae & in young adults = Neisseria meningitidis

Bacterial Meningitis elderly

396. Neisseria meningitidis

Bacterial Meningitis newborns

397. E. coli / Group BStrep.

Bacterial Meningitis toddlers

398. Hib

Benign epithelial tumor of oral

mucosa

399. Papilloma

Benign fallopian tube tumor

400. Adenomatoid

Benign ovarian tumor

401. Mature(Native) Teratoma = benign dermatoid

Benign tumor of soft tissue

402. Lipoma

Benign tumor of the breast <25yoa

403. Fibroadenoma

Benign tumor of the liver

404. Hemangioma

Benign tumor of the vulva

405. Hidroadenoma

Benign uterine tumor

406. Leiomyoma: estrogen sinsitive: changes size during pregnancy & menopause

Bone Tumors

407. Metasteses from Breast & Prostate

Brain Tumor Child

408. Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

Brain Tumor Adult

409. Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets, meningioma, Schwannoma

Breast Carcinoma

410. Invasive Duct Carcinoma

Breast Mass

411. Fibrocystic Change: premenopausic women (Carcinoma is the most common in postmenopausal women)
412. Staph aureus

Bug in Acute Endocarditis

Bug in debilitated, hospitalized
pneumonia pt

413. Klebsiella

Bug in Epiglottitis

414. Hib

Bug in GI Tract

415. Bacteroides (2

Bug in IV drug user bacteremia /

pneumonia

416. Staph aureus

Bug in PID

417. N. Gonnorrhoeae

Bug in Subacute Endocarditis

418. Strep Viridans

CA of urinary collecting system

419. Transitional cell CA (assoc. w/ benzidine; naphthylamine; analine dyes; long term txt w/
cyclophosphamide)

ry

nd

E. coli)

Cardiac 1 Tumor Adults

420. Myxoma: Ball Valve

Cardiac 1 Tumor Child

421. Rhabdomyoma associated w/ Tuberous sclerosis

Cardiac Tumor Adults

422. Metasteses

Cardiomyopathy

423. Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy: Alcohol, BeriBeri, Cocaine use, Coxsackie B, Doxorubicin
424. Systolic Dysfunction

ry

ry

Cause of 2 HTN

425. Renal Disease

Cause of Addisons

426. Autoimmune (2

Cause of breast lumps

427. CA of the breast

Cause of chronic endometriosis

428. TB

Cause of Congenital Adrenal

Hyperplasia

429. 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: NaCl lost & Hypotension (then, 11- NaCl retention & HTN)

Cause of Cushings

430. Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then, 1 ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)

Cause of Death in Alzheimer pts

431. Pneumonia

Cause of Death in Diabetics

432. MI

Cause of Death in premature

433. NRDS = hyaline membrane disease

Cause of Death in
SLE pts.

434. Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative) = Renal Disease

Cause of Dementia

435. Alzheimers

nd

infection)

ry

Cause of Dementia
nd
(2 most common)

436. Multi-Infarct Dementia

Cause of Dwarfism

437. Achondroplasia

Cause of Food poisoning

438. Staph aureus

Cause of Hematosalpynga

439. Ectopic pregnancy

Cause of Hypoparathyroidism

440. Throidectomy

Cause of Hypothyroidism

441. Corrective surgery I31 treatment

Cause of Kidney infections

442. E. coli

Cause of Liver disease in US

443. Alcohol consumption

Cause of Malignancy in children

444. Acute leukemia

Cause of Mental retardation

445. Downs

Cause of Mental retardation (2

most common)

nd

446. Fragile X

Cause of NaCl loss and

Hypotension

447. 21 hydroxylase deficiency

Cause of PID

448. N. ghonorrhea

Cause of Portal cirrhosis

449. Alcohol

Cause of Preventable Blindness

450. Chlamydia (serotypes A,B,Ba,C)

Cause of Pulmonary HTN

451. COPD

Cause of Secondary Hypertension

452. Renal disease

Cause of SIADH

453. Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

Cause of UT Obstruction in men

454. BPHyperplasia

Cause Pernicious Anemia

455. Chronic atrophic gastritis = no production of intrinsic factor

Chromosomal Disorder

456. Downs

Common Tumor of the Appendix

457. Carcinoid tumor: flushing; diarrhea; bronchospasm; RHeart valvular lesions

458. Txt: Methysergide (5HT antagonist)

Congenital Cardiac Anomaly

459. VSD (membranous > muscular)

Congenital Early Cyanosis

460. Tetralogy of Fallot =right to left shunt

Coronary Artery Thrombosis

461. LAD artery: MI

Demyelinating Disease

462. Multiple Sclerosis: (Charcot Triad = nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech)
463. Periventricular plaques w/ Oligodenrocytes
464. IgG in CSF, Optic Neuritis, MLF Syndorme = Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia, bladder
incontinence

Dental Tumor

465. Odontoma

Dietary Deficiency

466. Iron

Disease of the Breast

467. Fibrocystic disease

Disseminated Opportunistic
Infection in AIDS

468. CMV (Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall)

Esophageal Cancer

469. SCCA

Fallopian Tube Malignancy

470. AdenoCA

Fatal Genetic Defect in

Caucasians

471. Cystic Fibrosis (chromosome 7q)

Female Tumor

472. Leimyoma

Form of Amyloidosis

473. Immunologic (Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain)

Form of Tularemia

474. Ulceroglandular

Germ Cell Tumor of Testes

475. Seminoma (analogous to dysgerminoma of ovaries)

Gynecological Malignancy

476. Endometrial Carcinoma

Gynecological Finding

477. Endometrial CA

Heart Murmur

478. Mitral Valve Prolapse

10

Heart Valve in Bacterial

Endocarditis

479. Mitral

Heart Valve in Bacterial

Endocarditis in IV drug users

480. Tricuspid

Heart Valve involved in Rheumatic

Fever

481. Mitral then Aortic

Hereditary Bleeding Disorder

482. Von Willebrands Disease

Hormone secreted in Pituitary

Adenoma

483. Prolactin

Inherited disease of the Kidney

484. Adult polycystic kidney disease: associated w/ polycystic liver, Berry aneurysms, Mitral prolapse
485. APD1 chromosome 16

Intracranial tumor in adults

486. Glioblastoma mulitforme

Islet Tumor

487. Insulinoma = cell tumor

Liver 1

488. Hepatoma

ry

Tumor

Liver Disease

489. Alcoholic Liver Disease

Location of Adenocarcinoma of
the Pancreas

490. Head (99%)

Location of Adult Brain Tumors

491. Above Tentorium

Location of Childhood
Brain Tumors

492. Below Tentorium

Lung Tumor, malignant or benign

493. Malignant

Lung Tumor, primary or secondary

494. Secondary

Lysosomal Storage Disease

495. Gauchers

Malignancy in Women

496. Lung (2

Malignancy of the Larynx

497. Glottic CA (squamous cell)

Malignancy of the Small Intestine

498. Adenocarcinoma

Malignancy Vulva

499. Squamous cell CA

Malignant Eye Tumor in Kids

500. Retinoblastoma

Malignant Tumor of the Liver

501. Hepatocellular CA

Motor Neuron Disease

502. ALS

Muscular Dystrophy

503. Duchennes: Dystrophin deletion. Presents <5yoa weakness at pelvic girdles w/

upward progression
504. Squamous cell CA

Nasal Tumor
Neoplasm Child
Neoplasm Child (2
common)

nd

breast)

505. Leukemia
nd

most

506. Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum)

Neoplasm of the West

507. Adeno CA of the rectum and/or colon

Neoplastic Polyp

508. Tubular adenoma

Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults

509. Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

510. Minimal Change (Lipoid Nephrosis) Disease (responds well to steroid txt)

Non Hodgkins Lymphoma

511. Follicular small clear cell

Number of Deaths per year in

Women

512. Lung CA

Skin tumor

513. Basal cell CA

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

514. PCP

Ovarian Malignancy

515. Serous Cystadenocarcinoma

Ovarian Tumor

516. Hamartoma

Pancreatic Tumor

517. Adeno (usually in the head)

11

Patient with
ALL / CLL / AML / CML

518. ALL Child / CLL Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML Adult 35-50

Patient with Goodpastures

519. Young male

Patient with Reiters

520. Male

Pituitary Tumor

521. Prolactinoma (2

Place for Primary Squamous Cell

CA of esophagus

522. Mid 1/3

Place for Peptic Ulcer Disease

523. Lesser curvuture in antrum associated w/ blood group O

Primary Benign Salivary Tumor

524. Pleomorphic Adenoma (Mixed) 90% localized to the parotid

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

525. Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)

Primary Malignancy of Bone

526. Osteosarcoma

Primary Malignancy of Small

Intestine

527. Lymphoma

Pt. with Hodgkins

528. Young Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type Female)

Pt. with Minimal Change Disease

529. Young Child

Renal Malignancy

530. Renal cell CA

Renal Malignancy of Early

Childhood

531. Wilms tumor (neohroblastoma) chromosome 11p

Salivary Tumor

532. Pleomorphic adenoma

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

533. Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure

Sexually Transmitted Disease

534. Chlamydia (sero types D-K)

Site of Diverticula

535. Sigmoid Colon

Site of Embolic Occlusion

536. Middle cerebral aa: contralateral paralysis; aphasias; motor & sensory loss

Site of Metastasis

537. Regional Lymph Nodes

Site of Metastasis
nd
(2 most common)

538. Liver

Sites of Atherosclerosis

539. Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid

Skin CA of Fair Skinned People

540. Malignant melanoma

Skin Cancer

541. Basal Cell Carcinoma

Small Intestine Congenital

Anomaly

542. Meckels diverticulum

Stomach Cancer

543. Adeno associated w/ blood group A

Testicular Tumor

544. Seminoma = malignant painless testes growth

Thyroid Anomaly

545. Thryoglossal duct cyst

Thyroid CA

546. Papillary CA

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

547. Lower esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus blind pouch polyhydramnios association

Tumor in men <20

548. Germ cell tumor

Tumor of Infancy

549. Benign vascular tumor = port wine stain = Hemangioma

Tumor of the Stomach >50 years

of age

550. CA of stomach (adeno CA)

Type of Hodgkins

551. Mixed Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion, nodular sclerosis)

Type of Non-Hodgkins

552. Follicular, small cleaved

Type of Portal Cirrhosis

553. Micronodular

Type of Soft Tissue

Tumor of Childhood

554. Rhabdomyosarcoma

Vasculitis
(of medium & small arteries)

555. Temporal Arteritis (branch of Carotid Artery)

Viral Encephalitis

556. HSV

Worm Infection in US

557. Pinworm (2

12

nd

nd

Somatotropic Acidophilic Adenoma)

Ascaris)

Worst Prognosis in Thyroid Cas

558. Follicular CA

Cause of Lobar Pneumonia

559. Strep. Pneumoniae

Cause of Death b/t 24-44 yoa

560. AIDS

Cause of Pneumonia in Cystic

Fibrosis

561. Pseudomonas

Cause of Osteomyelitis in IV Drug

Users

562. Pseudomonas

Cause of Infection in Burn Pts

563. Pseudomonas

Mental Problem in Males

564. Specific phobia

Intelligence Test

565.
566.
567.
568.

Paraphilia

569. Pedophilia

Metabolite seen w/
Pheochromocytoma

570. VMA: vanillylmandelic acid (NE metabolite)

Severe Shigella

571. Dysenteriae

Bug in Otitis Media & Sinusitis in

Kids

572. Strep. Pneumoniae

Cause of a Solitary Brain Abscess

573. A. Israelli

Cause of Bacterial Diarrhea in

U.S.

574. Campylobacter jejuni

Shigella Type

575. S. Sonnei

Cause of Non-Ghonococcal
Urethritis

576. Chlamydia trichomonas

Pneumonia

577. Strep. Pneumoniae

Urethritis

578. N. ghonorrhea

Cause of Glomerulonephritis

579. IgA Nephropathy = Bergers Disease

Cause of Viral Pneumonia

580. RSV infants

581. Parainfluenza kids
582. Influenza virus adults
583. Adeno virus military recruits

Complication of COPD

584. Pulmonary infections

Cause of Death
w/ SLE

585. Renal failure

Atrial Septal Defect

586. Ostium Secundum Type

Warm Antibody

587. Most common form of immune hemolytic anemia

588. IgG auto antibodies to RBC
589. See spherocytosis; (+) Coombs test; complication to CLL

Immunodeficiency

590. IgA Deficiency

Congenital GIT Anomaly

591. Meckels Diverticulum: persistence of vitelline duct/yolk sac stalk

Cause of Congenital Malformation

592. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Stanford Binet (ages 6 & under)

WIPSI (ages 4-6)
WISK-R (for ages 6-17)
WAIS-R (for > 17 yoa)

Pharmacology

Autonomic Nervous System

Epinephrine

1.

1, 2, 1, 2

Norepinephrine

2.

1, 2, 1 (no 2 activity)

GABA

3.

Causes an inhibitory cell hyperpolarization

Muscarinic-r

4.
5.

Uses DAG & IP3 as 2 messengers

Parasympathetic control

13

nd

Bethanechol

6.

Cholinergic. GI & Bladder motility. Txt atonic bladder post-op

Pilocarpine

7.
8.

Cholinergic. Pupillary constriciton= miosis. Ciliary constriction= accomodation.

Txt acute glaucoma

Isoflurophate

9.

Organophosphate. Irreversible acetylcholinesterase (-)r

Pralidoxime

10. 2PAM. Reverses organophosphate binding to acetylcholinesterase

Neostigmine

11. Reversible acetylcholinesterase (-)r

12. Txt Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia Gravis

13. Anitbodies to Ach-r. g muscular weakness due to Achs weak postsynaptic effect @ NMJ.
Inactivates-r

Tubocurium

14. Nondepol. Competitive cholinergic N-r (-)r.

15. Prevents Ach binding but does not activate NMJ
16. Histamine release= BP & bronchospasm

Trimethaphan

17. Nonselectively binds N-r of the PS- and SNS

Pancurium

18. More potent than tubocurium w/o histamine release

Succinylcholine

19. Depol. Non competitive (-)r of muscle aciton

20. Opens Na Ch.= fasciculations. Closes Na Ch.= paralysis. Continuous infusion.

1 & Eye

21. Mydriasis due to norepinephrine. Prazosin (-).

M-r & Eye

22. Miosis due to Ach. Atropine (-).

Sympathetic

23. Post ganglionic symapthetic fibers releases norepinephrine

Parasym.

24. Post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers release Ach

M3-r & Eye

25. Contracts sphincter = miosis. Contracts ciliary = accomodation.

M2-r & Heart

26. Negative chronotropy: HR = vagal arrest

27. Negative inotropy: contractility

M3-r & Lung

28. Bronchospasm secretions

M3-r & GI

29. motility (cramps & diarrhea). Involuntary defecation

Tacrine

30. Acetylcholine esterase (-)r. Txt Alzheimers

Atropine

31. DOC w/ vagal arrest

Glycoperrolate

32. M-r(-). Antispasmodic. Txt peptic ulcers.

Pirenzepine

33. M-r(-). Antispasmodic. Txt peptic ulcers.

Doxacurium
bungarotoxin

34. Most potent competitive non-depol NMJ (-)r. No cardiovascular side effects. No Histamine
release.
35. Prevent the releasal of Ach from vesicles @ the pre synaptic nerve ending

bungarotoxin

36. Irreversible N-r (-)r = action potentials

1 & Eye

37. Contracts radial muscle = mydriasis (pupil dilation)

1 & Arterioles

38. Constiction: TPR = Diastolic pressure = Afterload

1 & Venules

39. Constriction: Venous return = Preload

1 & Sex Function

40. Ejaculation

Diastolic

41. 1 = TPR

Diastolic

42. 2; Direct acting vasodilators; (+)Cholinergics

1 & Heart

43. (+)chronotropism = HR.

44. (+)inotropism = contractility; SV; CO; O2 consumption.
45. conduction velocity

Phenylephrine

46. 1 (+) Nasal decongestant.

2(+) Asma Drugs

47. Metaproterenol; Albuterol; Terbutaline; Ritodrine; Salmeterol

Ritodrine/Turbutaline

48. Relaxes myometrium used in pre-mature labor pains

Phentolamine

49. Epi reversal. Blocks , vasodilation occurs. Pt goes from HyperTN to HypoTN.
50. Txt pheochromocytoma = BP

Terazosin

51. Txt BPH

Yohimbine

52. sympathetic outflow = 2 (-). Txt impotence.

Cardioselective NMJ

53. Pancuronium = HR due to atropine-like anti muscarinic vagolytic effect & Gallamine (-)r

Ecothiophate

54. Irreversible cholinesterase (-)r.

Pyridostigmine

55. Cholinomimetic that s M & N-r effects. (-) acetylcholinesterase & plasma cholinesterase
56. DOC for the oral Txt of MG

14

Cardio
Digoxin

1.

AV nodal conduction/ inh. Na/K/Atpase = inc. Ca conc. in heart cells = inc. contraction force

Diltiazem

2.

Txt black men. Txt AV nodal re entrance

Quinidine

3.

AV nodal conduction. Cinchonism. Anticholinergic= aggravate MG. Hypotension= block

Verapamil

4.

AV nodal conduction. BP. Negative inotrope= no CHF use

Propranolol

5.

AV nodal conduction. BP. Negative inotrope(= block) Aggravates Asthma and Diabetes
Melitus via 2 block.

Diazoxide

6.

Balanced vasodilator.

Niroprusside

7.

Balanced vasodilator. Unloads heart. s cyanide= pre-txt w/ thiosulfate. Txt Acute HTNv Crisis

Reserpine

8.

Txt severe & resistant HTN. Depletes CA. See stuffy nose. No to pts w/ peptic ulcers.

Dobutamine

9.

At high doses 2(+) offsets 1 = 1 CO w/o systemic vascular resistance

Dopamine

10. At low doses Txt Shock= dilates renal and mesenteric aa= maintain urine output

Esmolol

11.

Captopril

12. Balanced vasodilator. Txt Outpt. CHF see dry cough(bradykinin induced)

Digoxin

13. Txt CHF & Atrial Flutter - inotropic - K+ levels= dig. Toxicity

Dig. Toxicity

14. Fatal ventricular arrhythmias w/ sever AV block

Quinidine

15. ClassIa anti arrhythmic. Moderate Na Ch. Block

Lidocaine

16. ClassIb anit arrhythmic. Normalizes conduction. Txt initial MI= control arrhythmias

Flecanide

17. ClassIc anti arrhythmic. Marked conduction slowing

Amiodarone
NE

18. Long t1/2= need potent doses to obtain desired level for action. See blue skin, ocular
deposits, Pulmonary Fibrosis.
19. AV nodal conduction via 1. Metoprolol(-) 1

Ach

20. AV nodal conduction via M receptor. Atorpine(-) M-r

Atenolol

21. Controls catecholamine induced arrhythmias

Bretylium
Nimodipine

22. Txt Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias but causes passing catecholamine release that
can aggravate arrhythmias briefly
23. Txt Acute subarachnoid hemorrhage by preventing post hemorrhagic vasospasm

Atropine

24. excess vagal tone as seen in Sinus Bradycardia

Nitrates

25. preload= venous pooling. MVO2= reflex tachy. ventr work= dec O2 demand

Propranolol

26. Blocks reflex tachy but causes excess brady= diastole time= EDV

Verapamil

27. O2 supply via in vasospasm Txt Prinzmetals variant angina

Aspirin

28. Prevents arterial platelet adhesion (not DVThrombi). Inactivates COX= platelet production of
TxA2, a potent vasoconstictor

Warfarin

29. (-)Vit. K dependent gamma carboxylation of clotting factors= anticoagulation state

Heparin

30. Dependent on Antithrombin III activation

TPA

31. Binds to fibrin clots & activates plasminogen on the spot. Short t1/2, given IV.
32. Does not discriminate b/t fibrin-based clots= bleeding & stroke complications arise

Streptokinase

33. From bacteria= allergies arise. Can see excess bleeding in post-op pts.

Urokinase

34. Human source. plasmin. Can see excess bleeding in post-op pts.

Colestipol

35. Bile acid sequestrants. Interrupt bile acid reabsorption= LDL uptake. Cholestyramine same
MOA.

Lovastatin

36. HMGCoA reductase(-)= LDL-r synthesis. Pravastatin/ Mevastatin same MOA.

Losartan

37. Aldosterone. Renin 2-3xs

Diazoxide

38. Txt insulinomas. Not balanced vasodilator= onlt dilates arterial smooth muscle

Clonidine

39. Central 2(+). TPR via symapthetic effect

Methyldopa

40. Central 2(+). (++) Coombs= Hemolytic anemia

Phenytoin

41. ClassIb. Reverses mild AV block due to digitoxin toxicity

Procainamide

42. ClassIa. SLE like syndrome.

Indopamide

43. Only Thiazide that will have no effect on cholesterol levels

15

Short acting (-)

Thiazides

44. Older black men w/ HTN due to Renin.

(-)

45. Young white men w/o asthma (cause bronchospasm)

ACEIs

46. (-) change AI AII. (-) Bradykinin inactivation. Captopril/ Enalapril

47. Cause renal failure = use w/ caution in the elderly

Epinephrine

48. contraction rate & force via 1.

49. systolic but diastolic BP.
50. peripheral resistance via 2 vasodilaiton

Norepi.

51. heart rate and systolic and diastolic BP

52. peripheral blood vessel resistance

Methyldopa

53. DOC for pregnancy induced HTN

Quinidine pre-txt

54. Atrial arrhythmia pretxt w/ a drug that will ventricular response: Dig.;(-); Ca Ch.(-)

ClassII

55. (-) risk fo reinfarction & sudden death following MI

Gray man

56. Amiodarone: ClassIII antiarrhythmia

Beperidil

57. Ca Ch(-). Limited clinical use due to Torsades de Pointes

ACEIs

58. Vasodilate renal efferents > than afferent arterioles: GFR & Filtration pressure
59. Diabetic renal failure progression

Adenosine

60. Its receptor is blocked by Methylxanthines (ie Theophyline)

61. Favored for the Txt of Reentrant Supra Ventricular Tachycardia

Enoxaparin

62. Low molecular weight heparin = Oral anticoagulant

Isoproterenol

63. HR & MAP

Variant angina

64. Use Ca Ch. (-)r ie Nifedipine

Contraindicated in CHF

65. (-)r = you dont want to the hearts pumping strength

CNS
TOM

1.
2.
3.
4.

Short acting BDZs:

Triazolam
Onazelam
Midazolam

Butyrophenone

5.

Haloperidol & Droperidol

Atypical D4

6.

Clozapine Thioridazine Olanzepine Risperidone = Do not cause EPS

Flumazenil

7.

BDZ antidote for OD

Methylphenidate

8.

Txt attention deficit disorder

Phenytoin

9.

Causes aplastic anemia/ gingival hyperplasia/ cleft lip & palate

Thiopental

10. Short acting Barb

Carbamazepine

11.

Atypical D4-r

12. Thioridazine; Olamzapine; Clozapine

Pimozide

13. Txt Tourettes

Risperidone

14. Good for negative symptoms

Thioridazine

15. Most anti cholinergic neuroleptic

Haloperidol

16. Neuroleptic malignant hyperthermia due to chronic D2 block. give Dantrolene and Bromocriptine

Imirpamine

17. Enurisis

Clomirpramine

18. Txt OCD See aggressive behavior w/ use

Trazadone

19. Priapism

Bupropion

20. Helps to quit smoking

SSRIs

21. Primarily used for OCD

Fluoxetine

22. Good for negative symptoms

Phenelzine

23. Irreversible MAOI

Lithium

24.
25.
26.
27.

Alprazolam

28. DOC stage fright

16

DOC trigeminal neuralgia. Txt lennox gestaut seizures in kids

Txt manic phase of Bipolar Disorder

Causes goiter by (-) conversion of T4 to T3
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Low salt diet will lead to Li toxicity

Propranolol

29. Social phobia

-r

30. Spinal analgesia. Euphoria. ++euphoria. ++sedation. Constipation.

-r

31. Supraspinal analgesia. Dysphoria. +respiratory depression. +sedation.

Morphine & O2
Morphine

32. Admin. is contraindicated to pts on morphine sedation= CO2 sensitivity and O2 admin. can stop
breathing.
33. ICP = do not give to pt. with head trauma

Morphine OD

34. 1.pinpoint pupils 2.d respiraiton 3.coma

Meperidine

35. Anesthetic used during labor

Hydromorphone

36. (+) used in renal failure

Tramadol

37. Ambulatory txt for mod. to severe pain

Naloxone

38. Txt opioid OD. Reverses respiratory depression

Pentazocine

39. Part (+) & part (-)

Butorphenol

40. Part (+) & part (-)

Nalbuphene

41. Part (+) & part (-)

GABA

42. seizure focus= Barbs & BDZs

Fast Na Ch.

43. electrical activity spread = Phenytoin & Carbamazepine

Methoxyflurane

44. Can be nephrotoxic. Needs low MAC for anesthetic induction.

Enflurane

45. Can cause tonic/clonic muscle spasms

Isoflurane

46. Can cause bronchospasm

Halothane

47. Can cause ventricular extrasystoles & Malignant hyperthermia & Hepatitis

Nitric Oxide

48. No effect on HR. Needs high MAC for anesthetic induction.

Thiopental

49. Short acting Barb.

Kentamine

50. Dissociative anesthetic

Droperidol

51. Can be used in combo w/ Fentanyl for neuroleptoanalgesic effect

52. Neuroleptic tranquilizer. Has mild alpha block

Fentanyl

53. Can be used on combo w/ Droperidol for neuroleptoanalgesic effect

54. Used transdermally for chronic pain

Midazolam

55. Pre anesthetic. Induces amnesia

Primidone

56. Biotransformed to Phenobarb.

C & A delta Fibers

57. First fibers to be blocked w/ anesthesia

Esters

58. Procaine, Tetracaine, Benzocaine

59. Broken down and make PABA (allergen)

Amides

60. Lidocaine, Mepivaciane, Bupivaciane, Etidocaine= i before caine always an amide

61. Metabolized in the liver

Amphetamine

62. DA reuptake (-)r. MAOI. Parkinsons txt

Bromocriptine

63. D2(+). Used w/ L-Dopa for on-off phenomenon of Parkinsons

Benztropine

64. Ant M w/ some DA reuptake (-). Parkinsons txt

Amantidine

65. DA reuptake. Can cause livido reticularis= skin mottling.

Diphenhydramine

66. Txt early Parkinsons stages

Pergolide

67. > Effective & longer acting than Bromocriptine

Ethosuximide

68. DOC for Absence seizures

Tranylcypromine

69. MAOI = antidepressant

SSRI & MAOI

70. Fatal combo, especially seen with the use of Paroxetine or Fluoxetine (SSRIs) and
Tranylcypromine (MAOI)

Labor opioids

71. Meperidine & Nalbuphine

Desipramine causes

72. Sudden cardaic death in children

17

Anti-Infective
Primaquine

4.
5.

Malaria profylaxis
Used for extraerythrocytic forms Plasmodium vivax or P. ovale

Ciporfloxacin

6.

Quinolone derivative

Sulfonamides

7.
8.

PABA structural analogs

Inhibit Folic acid synthesis

Tertacyclines, anuria & the

exception

9. Should not be used in anuric pt due to production of (-) Nitrogen balance & d BUN levels.
10. Doxycycline is the exception

Ceftriazone

11. 3 generation cephalosporin

12. DOC for bacterial meningitis in kids (ie HiB)
13. One dose txt of gonorrhea

Hepatic coma DOC

14. Neomycin (aminoglycoside) it supresses the normal flora = g NH4 production = g

free nitrogen levels in the bloodstream.
15. Irreversible (-)r of lactamases, but ot of transpeptidase = use w/ a lactamase sensitive
penicillin
16. Txt Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Klebsiella
17. Broad spectrum antibiotic

Clavulanic acid
Piperacillin

rd

Streptomycin (aminoglycoside)

18. Txt Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Isoniazid

19. Most commonly used drug for TB.

20. Usually combined w/ Rifampin and/or Ethambutol
21. Pre Txt w/ Pyridoxine (Vit B6) can prevent peripheral neuritis

Pyrantel Pamoate

22. Txt of Hookworm disease

23. Depolarizing NMJ (-)r

Buy AT 30, CELL at 50

24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.

Cefoxitin

30. Txt intraabdominal infections (ie w/ Bacteroides fragilis)

31. Traditional txt has been Clindamycin & Gentamycin

Chloramphenicol

32.
33.
34.
35.
36.

Nifurtimox

37. Txt trypanosomiasis

Metronidazole

38.
39.
40.
41.

Txt P. carinii

42. TMP-SMX & Pentamidine

Tetracycline

43. Txt of Brucellosis & Cholera

44. Txt Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
45. Txt spirochete infections = Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)

TMP-SMX

46. (-) dihydrofolate reductase activity

Benzathine Penicillin G

47. Long duration of action = given once every 3-4 weeks for Txt of Syphilis

Praziquantel

48. Txt Schistosomiasis (trematode [fluke] infections)

Melarsoprol

49. Txt Trypanosomiasis that has neurological symptoms

Stibogluconate

50. Txt Leishmaniasis

Fluconazole

51. Txt fungal encephalitis

Amphotericin B

52. Polyene antifingal

Ketoconazole MOA

53. (-) fungal ergosterol synthesis = disrupts membrane

Griseofulvin MOA

54. Accumulates in keratinized layers of the skin = used in dermatomycoses infections

18

A = Aminoglycosides
T = Tetracyclines
C = Chloramphenicol
E = Erythromycin (macrolide)
L = Clindamycin
L = Lincomycin

Broad spectrum antibiotic

Bone marrow depression (common) Aplastic anemia (rare)
Gray baby syndrome (chloramphenicol cannot be conjugated)
DOC Typhoid Fever (symptomatic Salmonella infection)
DOC HiB meningitis in kids especially resistant strain to ampicillin
Txt Leishmaniasis & Amebiasis
Good for anaerobic bacteria = Bacteroides fragilis
DOC Trichomoniasis
DOC Giardia lamblia

Mefloquine

55. Anti malarial

56. Txt Chloroquine resistant strains = P. falciparum

Chloroquine

57. Txt for Malaria when inside RBC

Nifurtimox

58. DOC Chagas disease due to Trypanosoma cruzi

Erythromycin

59. Used in pts allergic to penicillins

Nystatin

60. Topical txt of superficial mycotic infections = Candidiasis

Acyclovir

61. Guanine analog

62. Txt Herpes infections

Imipenem

63. Used w/ Cilastatin

64. Can cause seizures

Cefoperazone side effects

65. Bleeding due to vit K level alterations

66. Contraindicated in pts w/ bleeding disorders

Vancomycin

67. Used for MRSS (methicillin resistant Staph. Aureus)

68. Red neck: due to histamine release causes facial flushing

Meropenem

69. used w/ Cilastatin

70. Does not cause seizures (cf w/ Imipenem)

Nafcillin

71. Only penicillin that does not need dose adjustment in renal impairment

Peripheral neuropathy

72. Seen w/ use of:

73. Metronidazole Isoniazid Vincristine ddI AZT Allopurinol

Sulfonamides & newborns

74. Kernicterus can occur

O.N.E. for gonorrhea

75.
76.
77.
78.

Ribavirin

79. Txt RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)

Fluoroquinolones used in a one dose deal for gonorrhea:

O = Ofloxacin
N = Norfloxacin
E = Enoxacin

Anti-Neoplastics
Cyclosporine

80. Protects against rejections from organ transplants

81. Does not induce bone marrow depression

Cyclophosphamide

82. Alkylating agent of both purine & pyrimidine bases of DNA

83. Txt CLL

Cisplatins toxicities

84. Nephro- & Ototoxicity

Methotrexate

85. Antimetabolite of folic acid: (-)dihydrofolate reductase

Leucovorin Rescue

86. Can block/reduce Methotrexate = folic acid via a reduced folate

Bleomycin toxicities

87. Pneumonitis & pulmonary fibrosis

Azathiorine

88. Used in organ transplantation = kidney allografts

89. Allopurinol can its activity by (-) its biotransformation to xanthine oxidase

MOPP

90.
91.
92.
93.
94.

Tamoxifen

95. (-) estrogen receptor

96. Txt of breast tumors, can see associated endometrial CA

Flutamide

97. Antiandrogenic
98. Used w/ Leuprolide (LH-RH analog)
99. Txt prostatic CA

Megestrol

100. (-) progesterone receptor

101. Txt endometrial CA

Fluoxymesterone

102. Androgenic steroid

103. Txt mammary CA in postmenopausal women

Methotrexate

104. Folic acid analog that (-) tetrahydrofolate synthesis by (-) dihydrofolate reductase
105. Txt of ALL
106. Txt of Psoriasis

Brain tumor Txt

107. Lomustine
108. Carmustine Causes pulmonary fibrosis

19

Chemotherapy used in the txt of Hodgkins disease

M = Mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard
O = Oncovin (Vincristine) prevents microtubule assembly
P = Procarbazine
P = Prednisone glucocorticoid, inducing apoptosis

Streptozocin

109. Attaches to cells

110. Txt of pancreatic insulinomas

Cytarabine (AraC)

111. Pyrimidine analog

112. DOC for AML

Dactinomycin

113. Used for Wilms tumor & rhabdomyosarcoma

Etoposide

114. Used for oat cell CA

Paclitaxel

115. Used for ovarian CA

Amifostine

116. Can nephrotoxicity due to chronic use of Cisplatin

Pathology
rd

Mobitz I

117. Usually due to inferior MI. Rarely goes into 3 degree block.
118. Txt w/ Atropine or Isoproterenol.

Mobitz II

119. BBB association. Often goes to 3 degree AV block. Usually due to anterior MI.

P wave

120. Atrial depol.

a wave

121. LA contraction

T wave

122. Vetricular repol.

Wavy fibers

123. Eosinophilic bands of necrotic myocytes. Early sign of MI.

Janeways lesions

124. Acute bacterial endocarditis.

125. Nontender, erythematous lesions of palms & soles.

Oslers nodes

126. Subacute bacterial endocarditis.

127. Tender lesions of fingers & toes.

Thiamine defcy

128. Wet Beri Beri heart. Dilated (congested) cardiomyopathy due to chronic alcohol consumption
129. Dyr Beri Beri = peripheral neuropathy
130. Wernicke-Korsakoff = ataxia; confusion; confabulation; memory loss

Fibrinous Pericarditis

131. Associated w/ MI: Dresslers

Serous Pericarditis

132. Associated w/ nonbacterial; viral (Coxsackie) infection; immunologic reaction.

Friction Rub

133. Pericarditis association

Hemorrhagic Pericarditis

134. Associated w/ TB or neoplasm

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

135. Aka infiltrative cardiomyopathy that stiffens the heart

136. Due to amyloidosis in the elderly
137. Due to , also see schaumann & asteroid bodies in young (<25 yoa).

PMLs infectious agent

138. JC Virus (Papovavirus = dsDNA, naked icosahedral capsid)

Edema

139. Pc (more seeps out)

140. c (less reabsorbed)
141. permeability
142. Block lymphatic drainage

Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease

143. Commonly see liver cysts & Berry aneurysms along w/ kidney cysts. Hematuria & HTN
also present.
144. 3 cysts in ea. Kidney w/ + family history confirms diagnosis

Malignant HTN & Kidneys

145. Petehial hemorrhages are seen on kidney surfaces = Flea-Bitten surface = young black men

Nephritic signs

146. Hematuria; RBC casts; HTN

Nephrotic signs

147. Proteinuria; Hypoalbuminemia; Edema

Podocyte Effacement seen w/

148. Minimal Change (Lipoid nephrosis) disease

ASO seen in

149. Acute post-streptococcal GN (due to HGASrtep)

150. Anti streptolysin O

Crescentic GN

151. Rapidly progressive GN nephritic syndrome

152. Associated w/ multi system disease or post-strep/post infectious glomerular nephritis

Hereditary Nephritis

153. Alports syndrome. X linked

154. Renal disease w/ deafness & ocualr abnormalities

Membranoproliferative GN

155. Can be secondary to complement deficiency; chronic infections; CLL

156. See tram tracking

TypeI Membrano Proliferative GN

deposits

157. C3 & IgG deposits

TypeII Membrano Proliferative

158. Only C3 deposits

20

rd

GN deposits

159. Aka Dense deposit disease

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

deposits

160. IgM & C3 deposits

Cold agglutinins

161. Seen in atypical pneumonia

162. It is IgM Ab with specificity for I Ag on adult RBCs

Scrofula

163. TB in the lymph nodes

Aspirin-Asthma Triad

164. Nasal polyps Rhinitis bronchoconstriction

Ferruginous bodies

165. Hemosiderin (pigment w/ Fe ) covered macrophages that have been pahgocytised

Pancoasts tumor causes

166. Ulnar nerve pain & Horners syndrome

Fatty degeneration

167. Made up primarily of triglycerides

168. Most commonly due to alcoholism which commonly leads to hepatic cirrhosis
169. Associated w/ CCl4
170. Failure of cellular Na pump
171. Seen in Fatty degeneration of the liver and in Hydropic (Vacuolar) degeneration of the liver

Cloudy swelling

3-

Hydropic degeneration

172. Severe form of cloudy swelling

173. Seen with hypokalemia induced by vomitting/diarrhea

Liquefaction necrosis

174. Rapid enzymatic break down of lipids

175. Seen commonly in Brain & Spinal cord (CNS) injuries
176. Seen in suppurative infections = pus formation

Coagulation necrosis

177. Result of sudden ischemia

178. Seen in organs w/ end arteries limited collateral circulation) = heart, lung, kidney, spleen

Caseation necrosis

179. Combination of both coagulation & liquefaction necrosis

180. Seen w/ M. tuberculosis & Histoplasma capsulatum infection

Fibrinoid necrosis

181. Seen in the walls of small arteries

182. Associated w/ malignant hypertension, polyarteritis nodosa, immune mediated vasculitis

Fat necrosis

183. Result of lipase actions liberated from pancreatic enzymes

184. Seen w/ Acute pancreatitis = saponification results

Hemoptysis

185. Blood in sputum

Pulmonary embolism

186. Most commonly thrombus from lower extremity vein

Phlebothrombosis

187. From a vein of lower extremities, of a pregnant uterus, in Congestive heart failure, bed
ridden pt,
188. As a complicaiton in a pt w/ Pancreatic CA due to d blood coagulability

Saddle embolus

189. Embolus lodged in bifurcation of pulmonary trunks

190. RV strain = RV & RA dilate = Acute cor Pulmonale

Paradoxical embolism

191. Right to Left shunt allows a venous embolism to enter arterial circulation
192. Patent ovale foramen or Atrial septal defect

Tuberculoid granuloma

193. Collection of macrophages w/o caseation

194. Seen w/ Sarcoidosis (non-caseating); Syphilis; Brucellosis and Leprotic infections

Cellulitis

195. Spreading infection due to streptococcus

PSA

196. Prostate Specific Antigen = elevated in prostatic CA

5-HT

197. In cases of metastatic carcinoid, txt w/ Methysergide (5HT antagonist)

Feto Protein

198. Hepatocarcinoma
199. Neural tube defects

CEA

200. Carcinoembryonic Antigen = elevated in Colon CA

Chromosome 13

201. Retinoblastoma

Chromosome 11p

202. Wilms tumor of the kidney

Vinyl Chloride

203. Associated w/ Angiosarcoma of the liver

Agent Orange

204. Contains dioxin

205. Implicated as a cause of Hodgkin;s disease, non-Hodgkins lymphoma & soft tissue sarcomas

Parasites & CA

206. Schistosoma haematobium = Urinary bladder CA

207. S. mansoni = Colon CA
208. Aspergillus flavus = potent hepatocarcinogen

Ochronosis

209. Alkaptonuria
210. Error in tyrosine metabolism due to Homogentisic acid (oxidizes tyrosine)
211. Involving intervertebral disks = Ankylosing Spondilitis = Poker spine
212. See dark urine; dark coloration of sclera, tendons, cartilage

21

Lead poisoning

213. Acid fast inclusion bodies

214. urinary coproprophyrin
215. Anemia: microcytic/ hypochromic
216. Stippling of the basophils
217. Gingival line & lead line in bones: x-ray
218. Mental retardation

Heroin OD, clinically

219. Massive pulmonary edema w/ frothy fluid from the nostrils

Fetal alcohol syndrome

220. Small head, small eyes, funnel chest, ASD, mental deficiency, and hirsutism

Atypical mycobacterium

221. M. kanasasii & M. avium intracellulare

Cold abscesses

222. Liquefied TB lesions similar to pyogenic abscesses but lacking acute inflammation

Actinomyces isrealli

223. Farmers infection

224. Lumpy jaw (from chewing grain) & PID (IUD), but most common is due to saprophyticus

Congenital Syphilis

225. Saddle nose, Saber shin, Hutchinsons teeth, nerve deafness, interstitial keratitis

Warthin-Finkeledy cells

226. Reticuloendothelial giant cells on tonsils, lymph nodes, spleen

227. Seen with Rubeola (measles) due to paramyxovirus

Diphyllobothrium latum

228. Tapeworm infection causing megaloblastic anemia by consuming large amount of vit B12 in
the host
229. Hemolytic Streptococci (S. viridans) = usually in pt w/ pre-existing heart problem

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Acute Bacterial Endocarditis

230. Staph aureus, Hemolytic Streptococci, E. coli

231. Common among drug addicts & diabetics

Mitral Insufficiency

232. Ruptured papillary muscle

Left Anterior Descending branch

233. Branch of the Left Coronary artery

234. Highest frequency of thrombotic occlusion
235. MI = anterior wall of the LV, especially in apical part of interventricular septum

Left Circumflex branch

236. Branch of the Left Coronary artery

237. Occlusion = MI of posterior/lateral wall of the LV

Dissecting Aneurysm

238. False aneurysm: it is splitting of the media of the aorta

239. Usually accompanied w/ long history of severe hypertension, also seen w/ familial hyperlipidemia,
atherosclerotic disease, Marfans Collagen disease
240. Zones of medial necrosis +/- slitlike cysts = Medial Cystic Necrosis of Erdheim

Cor Pulmonale

241. Right ventricular strain, associated w/ right ventricular hypertrophy

Acute Cor Pulmonale

242. Sudden right ventricular strain due to a massive pulmonary embolism

Bronchopneumonia

243. Lobular (rather than lobar)

244. Due to Staph aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella; E. coli
245. Abscess formation is common

Lobar pneumonia

246.
247.
248.
249.

Bronchiectasis

250. Permanent dilatation of the bronchi predisposed by chronic sinusitis and post nasal drip
251. Supparation associated
252. Lower lobe > than upper lobe involvement

Cold Agglutinins

253. Found w/ Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Panlobular Emphysema

254. 1 antitrypsin deficiency, causing elastase = compliance in the lung

Bulla

255. Associated w/ Emphysema = Bleb = outpouching - If it ruptures causes Pneumothorax

Farmers Lung

256. Due to Micropolyspora faeni (thermophilic actinomycetes)

Bagassosis

257. Due to M. vulgaris (actinomycetes)

258. Inhalation of sugar cane dust

Silo-Fillers Lung

259. Due to Nitrogen dioxide from nitrates in corn

G6PDH Deficiency

260. Sex-linked chronic hemolytic anemia w/o challenge or after eating fava beans
261. Heinz Bodies appear in RBCs

HbF

262. Sickle Cell Anemia

Multiple Myeloma

263. Lytic lesions of flat bones (salt & pepper lesions) = vertebrae, ribs, skull; Hypercalcemia;
Bence- Jones protein casts
264. Malignant neoplasm of the lymph nodes causing pruritis; fever = looks like an acute infection
265. Reed Sternberg cells

Hodgkins Disease

22

Due to Strep. Pneumoniae infection (5% due to Klebsiella)

Red Hepatization: days 1-3 of the pneumonia
Gray Hepatization: days 3-8 of untreated pneumonia
Complicaitons: pleural effusion; atelectasia; fibrinous pleuritis; empyema; fibrinous pericarditis;
otitis media

Polyarteritis Nodosa

266. Immune complex disease of Ag-Ab complexes on blood vessel wall

267. Half of the immune complexes have Hepatitis B Ag
268. Can see fever; abd.pain; wt; HTN; muscle aches

Sprue

269. Celiac disease due to a gluten-induced enteropathy = small intestine villi are blunted
270. High titers of anti-gliadin Abs & IgA levels

Regional Enteritis

271. Crohns Disease

272. Association w/ Arthritis; Uveitis; Erythema Nodosum

Whipples Disease

273. Intestinal Lipodystrophy = malabsorption syndrome

Kulchitsky cells

274. Neural cest cells from which carcinoids arise = of the Bronchi; GIT; Pancreas

Ulcerative Colitis

275.
276.
277.
278.

Vaginal Adenosis

279. Women exposed to DES (Diethylstilbesterol) in utero before the 18 week of pregnancy
280. Some develop clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina & cervix

Scirrhous Carcinoma

281. Infiltrating Duct Carcinoma w/ fibrosis most common type of breast carcinoma

Hofbauer Cells

282. Lipid laden macrophages seen in villi of Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Retinopathy of Prematurity

283. Retrolental Fibroplasia = cause of bindness in premies due to high O2 concentrations

IgA deficiency

284. Pt has recurrent infections & diarrhea w/ respiratory tract allergy & autoimmune diseases
285. If given blood w/ IgA = develop severe, fatal anaphylaxis reaction

Priamry Sjorgens

286. Dry eyes & dry mouth, arthritis. risk for B cell lymphoma. HLA-DR3 frequent.
Autoimmune disease.
287. Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, or systemic sclerosis association
288. RA association shows HLA-DR4

Secondary Sjorgens

Inflammatory disease of the colon w/ colon CA incidence

Crypt abscess in the crypts of Lieberkuhn
Pseudopolyps when ulcers are deep
Not transmural involvement

th

LDH1 & LDH2

289. Myocardium. LDH1 higher than LDH2 = Myocardial Infarction

LDH3

290. Lung tissue

LDH4 & LDH5

291. Liver cells

Keratomalacia

292. Severe Vit A deficiency. See Bitots spots in the eyes = gray plaques = thickened, keratinized ET

Metabisfite Test

293. Suspending RBCs in a low O2 content solution

294. Can detect Hemoglobin S, which sickles in low O2

Microangiopathic Hemolytic
Anemia

295. Can be due to Hemolyitc Uremic Syndrome & Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
296. See Helmet cells

Wrights stain

297. Stain for Burkitts lymphoma

Mononucleosis

298. Due to EBV infeciton

299. If Mono is treated w/ Ampicillin, thinking that it is a strep pharyngitis, a rash will occur.

T(8;14)

300. Burkitts lymphoma = c-myc oncogene overexpression

T(9;22)

301. CML = c-abl/bcr gene formation = Philadelphia translocation

Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis

302. Letter Siwe syndrome; Hand Schuller Christian Disease; Eosinophilic Granuloma
303. Birbeck granules are present = tennis racket shape

Myeloid Metaplasia

304. Alkaline phosphatase /normal compare to CML = low to absent

305. Anemia; splenomegaly; platelets > 1 million = extensive extra-medullary hematopoiesis

Multiple Myeloma

306. Weakness; wt. loss; recurrent infection; proteinuria; anemia; proliferation of plasma cells in BM
= plasma cell dx
307. Serum M protein spike most often of IgG or IgA
308. Hypercalcemia ( bone destruction)

T(14;18)

309. NH Lymphoma = bcl2 proto-oncogene overexpression seen w/ Small Cleaved Cell

(Follicualr) Lymphoma

Focal Segmental GN exs

310. IgA Focal GN = Bergers disease; SLE; PAN; Schonlein-Henoch purpura (anaphylactoid purpura)

Nephrotic Syndrome exs

311. Focal (Segmental) GN; Membranous GN; Lipoid (Minimal Change) GN; Membranoproliferative
GN; Hep B; Syphilis; Penicillamine
312. Infection is assocaited w/ Squamous cell CA of the Bladder (most common Bladder CA
is transitional cell type)
313. Associated w/ portal HTN due to intrahepatic obstruction

Schistosoma Haematobium
Penicillin Resistant PID

23

314. PID is usually due to N. Gonorrhoeae, but if unresponsive to penicillin think of

Bacteroides species

Duret Hemorrhages

315. Severe in ICP w/ downward diplacement of cerebellar tonsils into Foramen Magnum causing
a compression on the brainstem w/ hemorrhaging into the pons & midbrain
316. Nearly always associated w/ death due to damage to the vital centers in these areas

Hypertensive Hemorrhage

317. Predilection for lenticulostriate arteries = putamen & internal capsule hemorrhages

Cerebral Embolism from

Neurosyphilis

318. MI w/ Mural Thrombi; Atrial Fib Thrombi = Marantic thrombi; L-sided Bacterial Endocarditis;
Paradoxical Embolism of septal defect
319. Tabes Dorsalis = joint position sensation, pain sensation, ataxia, Argyl Robertson pupils
320. Syphilitic meningitis
321. Paretic neurosyphilis

5p-

322. Cri di Chat: mental retardation; small head; wide set eyes; low set ears; cat-like cry

Trisomy 13

323. Pataus: small head & eyes; cleft lip & palate; many fingers

Acute Cold Agglutinaiton

324. Abs to I blood group Ag. Mediated by IgM Abs

325. Complication of EBV or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections

Chronic Cold Agglutinaiton

326. Associated w/lymphoid neoplasms. See agglutination & hemolysis in tissue exposed to cold.
IgM Abs
327. Hereditary Spherocytosis

RBC Osmotic Fragility

Non-Hodgkins Lymphomas

328. Small Lymphocytic: low grade B cell lymphoma of the elderly. Related to CLL.
329. Small Cleaved cell (Follicualr): low grade B cell lymphoma of the elderly. T(14;18) bcl-2 oncogene
330. Large Cell
331. Lymphoblastic: high grade T cell lymphoma of kids progressing to T-ALL
332. Small Non Cleaved = Burkitts: high grade B cell lymphoma. EBV infection. Starry sky histo
appearance. T(8;14) c-myc proto-oncogene. Related to B-ALL

Singers Nodules

333. Benign laryngeal polyps associated w/ smoking & overuse of the voice

Paraseptal emphysema

334. Associated w/ blebs (large subpleural bullae) that can rupture and cause pneumothorax

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

335. Obstructed due to bronchogenic carcinoma. Causing swollen face & cyanosis.

Betel nuts

336. Associated to oral cancer.

Fundal (Type A) Gastritis

337. Antibodies to parietal cells; pernicious anemia; autoimmune diseases

Antral (Type B) Gastritis

338. Associated w/ Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori infection. 90% of duodenal ulcer

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

339. Autoimmune origin; middle aged women; anti-mitochondrial Abs

340. Jaundice; itching; hypercholesterolemia (can see cutaneous xanthomas)

Acute Pancreatitis

341. pancreatic enzymes = fat necrosis; sapponification = hypocalcemia; serum amylase

342. Severe epigastric ab pain; prostration; radiation to the back

Radiating Back Pain

343. Chronic pancreatitis

Complete Hydatidiform Mole

344. No embryo. Paternal derivation only. 46XX

Partial Hydatidiform Mole

345. Embryo. 2 or more sprems fertilized 1 ovum: triploidy/tetraploidy occurs

Cold Nodules

346. Hypoplastic Goiter nodules that do not take up radio active iodine. [Opposite: hot & do take
up iodine]
347. Mammotrophs = Prolactin
348. Somatotrophs = GH

Acidophils
Basophils

349. Thyrotrophs = TSH

350. Gonadotrophs = LH
351. Corticotrophs = ACTH & FSH

Lacunar Strokes

352. Small/focal aa occlusions. Purely motor or sensory.

353. Sensory: lesion of thalamus
354. Motor: lesion of internal capsule

CSF of Bacterial Meningitis

355. Glucose; Protein; Neutrophils; Pressure

CSF of Viral Meningitis

356. Normal Glucose; +/- Protein; Lymphocytes

Marble Bone Disease

357. Osteoporosis: Albers-Schonberd Disease = inspite of d bone density, many fractures =

osteoclasts

C5a

358. Involved in Chemotaxis (for Neutrophils)

C3b

359. Involved in Opsonization (& IgG)

Anaphylotoxins

360. C3a & C5a (mediate Histamine release from Basophils & Mast cells)

Vasoactive Mediators

361. Vasoconstriction: TxA2; LTC4; LTD4; LTE4; PAF

362. Vasodilation: PGI2; PGD2; PGE2; PGF2; Bradykinin; PAF
363. d Vascular Permeability: Hist.; 5HT; PGD2; PGE2; PGF2; LTC4; LTD4; LTE4; Bradykinin; PAF

24

Platelet Aggregation

364. ADP; Thrombin; TxA2; collagen; Epinephrine; PAF

Platelet Antagonist

365. Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Intrinsic Pathway

366. F XII (Hagman): APTT

Extrinsic Pathway

367. F VII: PT

Lines of Zahn

368. Aterial thrombi = pale red colored (dark red is venous thrombi)

Currant Jelly appearance

369. Post mortem clots

Emigration: Chemotaxis

370. Margination
371. Pavementing
372. Adhesion
373. Chemotaxis
374. Phagocytosis
375. Intracellular microbial killing

Transudate

376. Specific gravity < 1.012 low protein

Exudate

377. Specific gravity > 1.020 high protein

Hurlers

378. Lysosomal storage disease

Galactosemia

379. Deficiency of Galactose 1 Phosphate Uridyl Transferase. Galactose 1 Phosphate

Phenylketonuria

380. Deficiency: Phenylalanine Hydroxylase. Phenyalanine & degradation products

381. Mousy body odor

Autosomal Dominant Diseases

382.
383.
384.
385.
386.
387.
388.
389.
390.

Autosomal Recessive Diseases

391. Tay-Sachs
392. Gauchers
393. Niemann-Pick
394. Hurlers
395. Von Gierkes
396. Pompes
397. Coris
398. McArdles
399. Galactosemia
400. PKU
401. Alcaptonuria

X Linked Recessive Diseases

402.
403.
404.
405.
406.
407.

Hypersensitivity Reactions
ACID

408. Type I (Anaphylactic): IgE mediated. Exs: Hay Fever; Allergic asthma; Hives
409. Type II (Cytotoxic): Warm Ab autoimmune hemolytic anemia; hemolytic transfusion reactions;
Erythroblastosis Fetalis; Graves Disease; Goodpastures
410. Type III (Immune Complex): Insoluble complement bound aggregates of Ag-Ab complexes.
Exs:
Serum sickness; Arthus Reaction; Polyarteritis Nodosa; SLE; Immune Complex Mediated
Glomerular Disease
411. Type IV (Delayed = Cell mediated immunity): Delayed hypersensitivity. Involves memory cells.
412. Hyperacute Rejection = occurs w/in minutes of transplant. Ab mediated.
413. Acute Rejection = occurs w/in days to months of transplant. Lymphocytes & macrophages. Only
rejection type that can be treated w/ therapy.
414. Chronic Rejection = occurs months to years of transplant. Ab mediates vascular damage.

Transplant Rejections

L Iduronidase Heparan/Dermatan Sulfate accumulation

Adult Poly Cystic Kidney Disease

Familial Hypercholestrolemia Disease
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telengectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu)
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Huntingtons Disease (chromosome 4p)
Marfans Syndrome
Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausens)
Tuberous Sclerosis
Von Hippel Lindau Disease

Hunters Syndrome (L-Iduronosulfate Sulfatase deficincy, Heparan/Dermatan Sulfate)

Fabrys Disease ( Galactosidase A deficiency, Ceremide Trihexoside)
Classic Hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency, F8 Gene on X chromosome is bad, Ceremide Trihexoside)
Lisch-Nyhan Syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, Uric acid)
G6Phosphatase deficiency (G6PDH deficiency, Ceremide trihexoside)
Duchennes Muscular Dystrophy (Dystrophin deficinecy, Ceremide Trihexoside)

Blood Metastasis

415. Sarcoma, exception renal cell CA: early venous invasion

Lymph Metastasis

416. Carcinoma, exception renal cell CA: early venous invasion

25

Aflatoxin

417. Seen w/ Aspergillus. risk for Hepatocellular CA

Cleft Lip

418. Incomplete fusion of maxillary prominence w/ median nasal prominence

Cleft Palate
Craniopharyngioma

419. Incomplete fusion of lateral palatine process w/ each other & median nasal prominence &
medial palatine prominence
420. Pituitary tumor - usually calcified

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Inolved in Vision relay

Medial Geniculate Body

Involved in Hearing relay

Lung Development

Glandular: 5-17 fetal weeks

Canalicular 13-25 fetal weeks
Terminal Sac 24 weeks to birth
Alveolar period birth-8yoa
21-22 days

Hearts 1

st

Beat

Foregut

Mouth Common Bile Duct - supplied by Celiac Artery

Midgut

Duodenum, just below Common Bile Duct Splenic flexure of the Colon supplied by Superior
Mesenteric artery

Hindgut

Splenic Flexure Butt crack supplied by Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Hypnagogic Hallucinaitons

Narcolepsy

Type I Error

: Convicting the innocent accepting experimental hypothesis/rejecting null hypothesis

Subdural Hematoma

Ruptured cerebral bridging veins

Epidural Hematoma

Ruptured middle meningeal artery intervals of lucidness, 2 to Temporal bone fracture

Type II Error

: Setting the guilty free fail to reject the null hypotesis when it was false

Power

1-

Sensitivity

TP/TP + FN

Specificity

TN/TN + FP

Positive Predictive Value

TP/TP + FP

Negative Predictive Value

TN/TN + FN

Odds Ratio

ad/bc

d-Dimers

DIC

Delusion

Disorder of thought content

Loose Association

Skip from topic to topic

5 Stages of Death

Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance

Meckels cartillage gives rise to incus/malleus bones of ear

st

nd

Branchial Arch
Branchial Arch

ry

Reicherts cartillage gives rise to stapes bone of ear

Median nerve lesion

No pronation

Radial nerve lesion

Wrist drop seen w/ humerus fracture

Common peroneal lesion

Foot drop. No dorsiflexion or eversion of the foot

Diract inguinal hernia

Goes through superficial inguinal ring.

Medial to inferior epigastric artery
Seen in older men
Goes through deep & superficial inguinal ring
Lateral to inferior epigastric artery
Seen in young boys processus vaginalis did not close

Indirect inguinal hernia

@ Diaphragm T8, T10, T12

T8 = Inferior vena cava

T10 = Esophagus/ Vagus
T12 = Aorta/ Thoracic duct/ Azygous vein

Hemiballism

Wild flailing of 1 arm. Lesion of the sub thalamic nucleus

O Linked Oligosaccharide

In the Golgi

N Linked Oligosaccharide

In the RER

MLF Syndrome
ADA Deficiency

Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia: medial rectus palsy on lateral gaze; Nystagmus on abducting

eye. Seen w/ MS
SCID

Raphe Nucleus

Initiation of sleep via 5HT predominance

26

 waves

Alert; Awake; Active mind also seen in REM, therefore we say paradoxical sleep

Irreversible Glycolysis Enzymes

Hexokinase
PhosphoFructo Kinase = Rate Limiting Step
Pyruvate Kinase
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

Irreversible Gluconeogenesis
Enzymes

PyruvateCarboxy Kinase
PEPCarboxyKinase
Fructose 1,6 BiPhosphatase
Glucose 6 Phosphatase
**muscle dose not take part in Gluconeogenesis, only takes place in the liver, kidney & GI epithelium

Pellagra

Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia

Niacin Deficiency (Vit B3 deficiency)
Hartnups Disease
Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome
INH use

TLCFN

Needed as co-factor for Pyruvate DH complex & Ketoglutarate DH complex

LCAT or PCAT

Esterification of cholesterol: lecithin cholesterol acetyltransferase

Lecithin = Phosphatidylcholine, therefore phosphotidylcholine acetyltransferase

HMGCoA Reductase

Rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis

Changes HMGCoA Mevalonate
(-) by Lovastatin

Ketogenic amino acids

Leucine & Lysine

Glucogenic amino acids

Methionine, Threonine, Valine, Arginine, Histadine

Keto & Gluco amino acids

Phenylalanine, Trytophan, Isoleucine

Carnitine Shuttle

Feeds FA into the mitochondria for their consumption

Cori Cycle

Keeps muscles working anaerobically.

Transfers lactate to the liver to make glucose which is sent back into the muscles for energy use

(-) Na Pump (ATPase)

Ouabain [(-) K pump]

Vanadate [(-) phosphorylation]
Digoxin [ heart contractility]

TCA Cycle Products

Citric Acid Is Krebs Starting Substrate For Mitochondrial Oxidation

Citrate Aconitate Isocitrate Ketoglutarate Succinyl Succinate Fumarate
Malate OAA

Cones

Color vision. Contain Iodopsin = Red-Blue-Green specific pigment. For acuity.

Rods

Contain Rhodopsin pigment. High sensitivity. Concentrated in the fovea. Night vision.

Gastrula

Seen @ 3 week: Ecto, Meso & Endo

Epiblast

@ 2 week: forms the primitive streak, from which Meso & Endo come from. Directly gives rise to
Ecto.

Sydenhams Chorea

Post streptococcal infection. Necrotizing arteritis of the caudate, putamen, thalamus

(+) Frei Test

Chlamydia trachomatis types L1, L2, L3 = Lymphogranuloma venereum

Sabourauds Agar

Culture for all Fungi ieCulture Cryptococcus neofromans which is found in pigeon droppings

FMR1 Gene Defect

Fragile X Syndrome: macro-orchidism; long face; large jaw; large everted ears; autism,
mental retardation
Present in Kleinfelters: Male: XXY
Not present in Turners: Female: XO
Traube Sign = Pistol shot sound over the femoral vessels
Corrigan pulse = water hammer pulse over coratid artery = aortic regurgitation

Barr Body
Aortic Insufficiency Signs

rd

nd

Scleroderma :CREST

Calcinosis; Raynauds; Esophageal; Sclerodactyl; Telangiectasis

Cretinism

Sporadic: bad T4 phosphorylation or developmental failure of thyroid formation

Endemic: no Iodine in diet: protruding belly & belly button

Hemochromatosis Triad

Micronodular pigment cirrhosis; Bronze Diabetes; Skin pigmentation = due to Fe deposition

27

3+

Signature Drug Toxicities

Agranulocytosis

421.

Clozapine, Chloramphenical

Aplastic Anemia

422.
423.
424.

Chloramphenicol
NSAIDs
Benzene

Atropine-like Side Effects

425.

Tricyclics

Cardiotoxicity

426.
427.

Doxorubicin
Daunorubicin

Cartilage Damage in Children

428.

Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin & Norfloxacin)

Cinchonism

429.

Quinidine

Cough

430.

ACE Inhibitors

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

431.

Lithium (Txt w/ Amiloride)

Disulfiram-like Effect

432.
433.

Metronidazole
st
Sulfonylureas (1 generation)

Extrapyramidal Side Effects

434.

Antipsychotics

Fanconis Syndrome

435.

Tetracycline

Fatal Hepatotoxicity (necrosis)

436.
437.
438.

Valproic Acid
Halothane
Acetaminophen

Gingival Hyperplasia

439.

Phenytoin

Gray Baby Syndrome

440.

Chloramphenicol

Gynecomastia

441.
442.
443.
444.

Cimetidine
Azoles
Spironolactone
Digitalis

Hemolytic Anemia in G6PDdeficiency

445.
446.
447.
448.
449.

Sulfonamides
Isoniazid
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Primaquine

Hepatitis

450.

Isoniazid

Hot Flashes, Flushing

451.
452.
453.

Niacin
Tamoxifen
++
Ca Channel Blockers

Induce CP450

454.
455.
456.
457.

Barbiturates Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Rifampin

Inhibit CP450

458.
459.

Cimetidine
Ketoconazole

Interstitial Nephritis

460.
461.
462.
463.

Methicillin
NSAIDs (except Aspirin)
Furosemide
Sulfonamides

Monday Disease

464.

Orange Body Fluids

465.

Rifampin

Osteoporosis

466.
467.

Heparin
Corticosteroids

Positive Coombs Test

468.

Methyldopa

Pulmonary Fibrosis

469.
470.

Bleomycin
Amiodarone

Red Man Syndrome

471.

Vancomycin

Severe HTN with Tyramine

472.

MAOIs

28

(Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine)

Nitroglycerin Industrial exposure tolerance during week loss of tolerance during weekend headache, ach, dizziness upon re-exposure

SLE-like Syndrome

473.
474.
475.

Procainamide
Hydralazine
INH

Tardive Dyskinesia

476.
477.

Antipsychotics (Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine) Clozapine: only antipsychotic to not

give you tardive dyskinesia

Tinnitus

478.
479.

Aspirin
Quinidine

Microbiology
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

CEEK
Citrobacter
Enterobacter
E.Coli (K1 capsule most important)
Klebsiella
SHYPS
Shigella
Yersinia enterolytica (AKA Pestis)
Proteus
Salmonella

May lack color

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

These rascals may microscopically lack color:

Treponema
Ricksetta
Mycobacterium
Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia

cAMP

18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

CAPE
Cholera
Anthracis (Poly D glutamate capsule)
Pertusis (via Gi)
E.coli (LT enterotoxin)

Have Capsules [ie are Quellung

Reaction (+)]

23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.

Some killers have pretty nice capsules

Strep. Pneumoniae
Klebsiella
HiB
Pseudamona Aeroginosa
Neisseria meningitis
Cryptococcus neoformans (only encapsulated fungal pathogen)

Dimorphic Fungi

30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.

Can Also Have Both Shapes

Cocciodes
Aspergillus
Histolpasma
Blastomyces
Sprothrix schenkii
OBED
O = Salmonella
B = Botulinum
E = Erythrogenic strep
D = Diptheria

Lactose formers

Non lactose formers

Have Prophage

Motile:
make H2S
Non Motile: noH2S

Spore Forming Bacteria

41. Bacilus & Clostridium (have calcium di-picolinate)

IgA Proteases

42. Neisseria, Haemophilus, S. pneumoniae

Widal Test

43. Salmonella (Salmonella begins in the ileocecal region)

Waysons Stain

44. Yersinia

Pneumonic Plaque Transmission

45. Person to person cf w/ Bubonic plaque that was via infected flea

Splenectomy

46. Predisposes to septicemia

Invasins

47. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Fusiform

48. Vincents trench mouth

29

agglutination indicates Abs to O, H, Vi Salmunella Ags

S. viridans

49. Dextran mediated adherence

Obligate Aerobes

50. Pseudomonas & Mycobacterium

Obligate Anaerobes

51. Clostridium, Actinomyces, Bacteroides

Staph aureus

52. A Protein, Catalase +/ Coagulase +

Spirochetes

53. Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira

Non Motile Gram (+) Rods

54. Corenybacterium D & Nocardia

Acid Fast Organisms

55. Mycobacterium; Cryptosporidium; Nocardia (partially); Legionella micdadei; Isospora

Pigment Producing Bacteria

56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.

Serratia red (can cause pseudohemoptysis)

Pseudomonas A piocyanin blue/green
Staph Aureus yellow Protein A
Mycobacteria photo/scoto chromogenic caritinoid yellow/orange
Corneybacterium D black/gray pseudomembrane plaque in throat
Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) melaninogenicus black (heme)
E. coli irredescent green sheen

Bacterial Morphology

63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.

Pneumococci lancet shaped diplococci

Neisseria kidney bean shaped diplococci
Camphylobacter gulls wings/comas
Vibrio Cholera coma shaped
Corneybacterium D club shaped (nonmotile, G+Rod)
Yersinia safety pin seen in Waysons stain

Inclusion Bodies

69.
70.
71.
72.

Rabies Negri bodies intracytoplasmic

Pox virus Guarnieri intracytoplasmic & acidophilic
CMV Owls eyes intracytoplasmic & intranuclear
HSV Cowdry bodies intranuclear

Schistosoma Japonicum Monsoni

73. Intestinal contact w/ bad water

Schistosoma Haematolium

74. Vesicular contact w/ bad water

Non Human Schistosom

75. Swimmers itch contact w/ bad water

Clonorchichis

76. Chinese liver fluke eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

Fasciola Hepatica

77. Sheep eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

Fasciola Biski

78. Giant intestinal flukes eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

Paragonimus Westermani

79. Lung fluke eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

Oxidase (+)

80. Neiserria and most Gram (-)s

Micro Aerophilic

81. Camphylobacter & Helicobacter

Urease (+)

82.
83.
84.
85.
86.

Coagulase (+)

87. Staph A & Yersenia pestis

Obligate Intracellular Bacteria

88. Chlamydia Pistacci (Chlamydia do not make own ATP); Mycobacterium Leprae; all Rickettsia except
Roachalimea (make suficient ATP to survive)

Protozoa

89. Plasmodium; Toxoplasma ghondi; Babesin; Leishmania; Trypanosoma Cruzi

Obligate Non Intracellular

Parasites

90. Treponema palidum & Pneumocystis Carinii (cannot be cultured on inert media but
found extra cellularly in the body)

Haemophilus Factors

91. X = Protoporphyrin & V = NAD

All cocci are

92. Gram (+) except for Neisseria & Moraxella

Eaton Fried Eggs

93. Mycoplasma pneumoniae has fried egg colonies on Eaton agar (needs cholesterol)

Mycoplasma

94.
95.
96.
97.

Sabrands

98. Fungal media

Malassazia furfur

99. Spaghetti & meat ball

Measles 3Cs

100. Cough Coryza Conjunctivitis. Can also have photophobia

101. May lead to subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

30

2-

All Proteus can cause Staghorn/Struvite calculi (NH4 Mg stones): alkaline urine
Ureaplasma
Campylobacter pylori (Helicobacter)
Cryptococcus
Nocardia

No cell wall. Membrane has cholesterol. Smallest living bacteria.

P1 protein inhs ciliary action
Fried egg colonies
Atypical pneumonia young adults

can be

Non Motile Bacilli & Clostridium

102. B. Anthracis & C. Perfringens

Bloody diarrhea agents

YW-135CA

103. EIEC EHEC Shigella - Yersenia enterocolitica Entaemeba histolytica Salmonella

Campylobacter jejuni
104. N. meningitidis vaccine capsualr polysaccharide strains

Indian Ink

105. Cryptococcus neoformans

Naegleria causes

106. Colonization in the nasal passages after swimming

Need Cysyeine for growth

107. Ella likes cysteine:

108. Francisella
109. Brucella
110. Legionella
111. Pasturella

Endotoxins, G(+) or G(-)

112. Gram (-): N. meningitidis

Ecthyma Gangrenosum, seen w/

Endospores G(+)

113. Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Target shaped skin lesions w/ a black center and red ring
surrounding the lesion
114. Gram (+): Bacillus & Clostridium made up of dipicolinate & Keratin

Multi Brain Abscess

115. Nocardia

Single Brain Abscess

116. Actinomyces israelli

risk for Strep pneum Infection

117. Asplenic; Sickle cell anemia; immunocompromising illness

Hemolysis/Optochin Sensitive

118. Strep. Pneumoniae

Hemolysis/Optochin Resistant

119. Strep. Viridans (Subacute Endocarditis)

Staph. Saprophyticus

120. Novobiocin Resistant (UTIs)

Staph. Epidermidis

121. Novobiocin sensitive (Endocarditis in IVDUs)

Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive

122. Strep. Pyogenes (pharyngitis; Scarlet fever; cellulitis; impetigo; Rheumatic fever))
123. Hyaluronic capsule; non-motile; M proteins; Endotoxin A

Hemolysis/Bacitracin Resistant

124. Strep. Agalactiae (Diabetes predisposes to infection)

EFII Ribosylation

125. Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotoxon A

Bacillus Anthracis: 3 toxins

(work via adenylate cyclase)

126. Protective Antigen (PA)

127. Lethal Factor = toxic to macrophages
128. Edema Factor = cAMP

Woolsorters Disease

129. Bacillus anthracis. DOC: Penicillin

Grows in Rice

130. Bacillus Cereus

Clostridium Perfringens

131. Double Zone Hemolysis (test)

132. Lecithinase: toxin = lyses RBCs
133. 80% of gas gangrene (myonecrosis) cases

Clostridium Difficile

134. 2 Toxins: Enterotoxin (Exotoxin A) & Cytotoxin (Exotoxin B)

135. Pseudomembranous colitis (can be precipitated by clindamycin/ampicillin)

Spastic Paralysis toxin

136. Clostridium Tetani toxin

Clostridium Botulinum

137. Bad canned foods have neurotoxin = flaccid paralysis (block Ach release)

Infant Botulinum

138. Floppy Baby Syndrome. Pre formed toxin in honey

Thayer Martin Agar

139. Neisseria ID

DOC for N. gonorrhoeae

140. Ceftriazone

K1 E. Coli Capsular Ag

141. Related w/ neonateal meningitis

The As of Klebsiella

142. Alcoholics
143. Aspiration pneumonia
144. Abscesses in the lungs

Rice H2 O Diarrhea

145. Vibrio Cholera: metabolic acidosis

Raw seafood intoxicaiton

146. Vibrio parahemolyticus

Helicobacter Txt

147. Bismuth salts; Metronidazole; Tetracycline (or amoxicillin)

risk of P. aeroginosa infection

148. Burn patients & Cystic fibrosis

Contact lens infection

149. Pseudomonas aeroginosa

Cat Bites

150. Pasteurella multocida

Undulant Fever

151. Brucella

Bordet Gengou Agar

152. Bordetella pertusis ID

31

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

153. M. tuberculosis ID

Cat Scratch Disease

154. Bartonella henselae. Leion can resemble Kaposis sarcoma.

155. Toxoplasmosis

Pink Eye

156. Adenovirus (type 8)

True Hemaphrodite

157. Testes & Ovaries are present

Pseudo Hemaphrodite

158. External genitalia does not coincide w/ gonads

Male Pseudo Hemaphrodite

159. Testicular Feminization

HLA Genes Location

160. 6p

Parvovirus B19

161. Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA). Linked w/ sicle cell anemia

Interferon MOA

162. Inhibits viral replication (translation or transcription)

Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis

163. Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A

Parainfluenza Causes

164. Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis

165. Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)

RSV

166. Bronchiolitis in infants

Removed tonsils, find what virus

167. In 80%, Adenovirus. In the immunosuppressed, activation can occur

Bone Fever

168. Dengue: Group B Togavirus, from the Arbovirus, transmitted by mosquitos

HbsAg

169. Appears in blood soon after infection, before onset of acute illness
170. Disappears w/in 4-6 months after the start of clinical illness

HbeAg

171. Appears early acute phase, indicates higher risk of transmitting the disease
172. Disappears before HbsAg is gone

Anti-Hbc

173. Present in beginning of clinical illness

174. Seen in the window phase

Filamentous Bacteria

175. Actinomycetes = Nocardia; Actinomyces; Streptomyces

Listeria contaminates

176. Milk, cheese, vegetables (coleslaw) in recent infections

Shiga like Toxin

177. E. Coli 0157/H7: Hemorrhagic colitis & Hemorrhagic uremic syndrome

Necrotizing Fasciitis

178. Group A Streptococci

Relapsing Fever

179. Borrelia recurrentis

Lofflers Medium

180. Corneybacterium diphtheriae

Chlamydiae Developmental Cycle

181. Elementary Body: infeccious particle that Enters the cell

182. Reticulate Body: made from elementary body. Replicates, differentiates and releases elementary
bodies to infect other cells
183. W/ infection you will see Glycogen containing inclusions
184. Cell wall lacks muramic acid

Trench Fever

185. Rochalimaea quintana

Spotted Fever Members

186. Rickettssia rickettsii (RMSF) & R. akari (rickettsial pox) in the U.S.
187. R. sibirica (tick typhus in China) & R. australis (typhus in Australia)

Thrush Txt

188. Nystatin txts candidiasis of the mouth

Rose Bush Thorns

189. Have Sporothrix schenckii

Contact lens solution infection

190. Acanthamoeba

Filiariasis Causant

191. Wucheria bancrofti (infection aka elephantitis & wucheriasis

Freshwater lake infection

192. Causes amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri

Reduviid bug bite

193. Transmits Trypanoma cruzi (Chagas disease): Romanas Sign

Schistosoma Haematobium causes

194. Bladder calcificaiton & cancer

Schistosoma Mansoni causes

195. Presinusoidal HTN, splenomagaly, esophageal varices

Snail, intermediate host of

196. Schistosomiasis

Ixodes scapularis transmits

197. Babesia (clinically rembles malaria) & Borelia burgdorferi

Nantucket Protozoa

198. Babesia microt

Infection by Reduviid Bug

199. Trypansoma cruzi: Chagas Disease

Infection by TseTse Fly

200. Trypansoma brucei gambiense & rhodiense: African Sleeping Sickness

Infection by Sandfly

201. Leishmaniasis: Mucocutaneous Diseases by L. braziliensis & Visceral Disease by L. donovani & Dermal

Infection by Ixodes Tick

202. Babesia microti: Babesiosis & Borrelia burgdorferi: Lyme Disease

32

Leishman by L. tropica, mexicana, peruviana

Infection by Anopheles Mosquito

203. Malaria

Trophozoites w/ Face-Like
Appearance

204. Giardia lamblia

Nonseptate Hyphae

205. Zygomycosis: Rhizopus & Mucor. Only mycosis w/o septate.

Histoplasmosis Geography

206. Ohio, Mississippi, Misouri River valleys

Coocidioidomycosis Geography

207. Southwestern deserts, California

Blastomycosis Geography

208. States east of Mississippi River

Paracoccidioidomycosis
Geography

209. Latin America

Roseola Infection, aka

210. Exanthema Subitum: Sixth Disease (Human Herpes Virus-6 dsDNA, enveloped)

Herpangina

211. Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease: Coxsackie A (Picornavirus +ssRNA)

Orthomyxovirus

212. ssRNA, enveloped virus.

213. Spike Glycoproteins (peplomeres): HA = Hemagluttinin & NA = Neuraminidase. These peplomeres
are what give the virus antigenis variation
214. Influenza A & B

Paramyxovirus

215. RNA, enveloped. Most common cause of respiratory infections in kids

216. Mumps
217. Croup(Parainfluenza virus)
218. Rubeola(Measles virus)
219. RSV

Togavirus

220. +ssRNA, enveloped

221. 3 Day Measles: German Measles: Rubella/ Rubivirus
222. Encephalitis viruses: Alphaviruses: Eastern (more severe) and Western Equine Encephalitis

Flaviviris

223. Dengue Fever icterus & hemorrhage w/ blac vomit

224. Yellow fever
225. St. Louis Encephalitis no hepatitis or hemorrhage

Bunyavirus

226. ssRNA, enveloped

227. California Encephalitis severe bifrontal headaches
228. Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever w/ acute resp. distress syndrome

IgA Protease Activity

229. H. Influenzae (needs factors V & X for growth)

230. Strep. Pneumoniae
231. N. meningitidis
232. N. gonnorhoae
233. W/ this activity these bugs are able to colonize the oral mucosa.

Diphtheria: ABCDEFG

234.
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.

Only ssDNA

240. Parvovirus: Part of a virus

Only dsRNA

241. Reovirus, RepeatOvirus

Naked RNA

242. Naked for CPR: Calcivirus; Picornovirus; Reovirus

2 circular DNAs

243. Papovavirus & Hepadnavirus

BK

244. Papovavirus. Seen in kidney transplant patients (causes renal disease)

Hepadna, Retrovirus?

245. No, but has reverse transcriptase

Picornovirus: PERCH

246. Poiliovirus; Echo; Rhino; Coxsackie; Hep A

Hemorrhagic Fevers

Filovirus & Bunyavirus (Hantavirus)

Segmented viruses

All are RNA: Orthomyxo; Arena; Bunya; Reo

Eclipse Phase

No internal virus. 1 total virus per cell

Latent Phase

No external virus. Extracellular virus found

Naked Capsid Virus

Nucleocapsid. DNA or RNA + Structural proteins

Enveloped Virus

Membrane. Nucleocapsid + Glycoprotein

Interferon

Non virus specific. Works by RNA endonuclease = digests viral DNA + inh viral prot synth

AIDS structural prots

Gag, pol, env

33

Infect Ketoacidotic Diabetics.

Adenopathy
Prophage encodes the exotoxin
Corneybacteria is Club shaped
Diphtheria
Elongation Factor II
Granules (metachromatic)

AIDS regulatory prots

Tat, rev, nef

AIDS gp41 env prot

Transmembrane

AIDS gp120 env prot

Surface

AIDS p17 gag prot

Matrix

AIDS p24 gag prot

Capsid

AIDS p7p9 gag prot

Nucleocapsid

DNA Viruses

A = Adeno
Brick. Rep
H = Herpes
In Cyto
H= Hepadna
AH H PPP --- ico Rep in Nuc P = Pox
P = Parvo
SS
P = Papova
E

Circ

(+) RNA Viruses

C = Calici
P = Picorno
R = Reo
C P R F T C ------ ico (+) Linear.
F = Flavi
No segment. Rep in Cyto
T = Toga
Helical
C = Corona
R-Tase &
Rep in Nuc

(-) RNA Viruses

F O R P A B ---- (-) E Helical

Linear. Non seg.

Bullet

Hepatitis Window Period

Hepatitis

F = Filo
O = Orthomyxo
R = Rhabdo
P = Paramyxo
A = Arena
B = Bunya

Anti sense

After HbsAg disappears & Before HbsAb appears

A
Picorna

B
Hepadna

C
Flavi

D
Delta

E
Calici

Downey Type II cells

EBV

Infection by Aedes Mosquito

Yellow Fever: Flavivirus: Black vomit, jaundice, high fever

Hot T-Bone stEAk: ILs

IL1 = Temp: HOT

IL2 = stimulate T cells
IL3 = stimulate Bone Marrow stem cells growth & differentiation (GM CSF)
IL4 = stimulate IgE (& IgG)
IL5 = stimulate IgA (& eosinophils)

ILs Secreted by CD4s

IL2, IL4, IL5, IFN gamma

ILs Secreted by Macrophages

IL1 & TNF

C5a

Neutral chemotaxis.
When it is w/ C3a, participates in anaphylaxis

C5 Convertase

When both Alternative and Classic pathways come together

Alternative: C3b, Bb, C3b + C3a C5
Classic: 2b, 3b, C3a + C4b C5

Only Richettssia not Intracellular

Quintana

34

Plasmodium Life Cycle

Sporozoites: from blood to liver

Primary tissue schizont
Trophozoites: in RBC
Erythrocytic schizont
Merozoite: ruptured RBC
Gametozyte
Zygote: inside the mosquito

Acanthamoeba

Star shaped cysts

Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia

Nonseptate, filamentous, 90 degree branching, indian in, capsular halos

Cryptococcus Neoformans

Monomorphic

Candida

Yeast normally, pseudo & true hyphae in tissue infections

Aspergillus Fumigatum

45 degree branching point, asocd w/ cystic fibrosis & burns pt

Cocciodes

Hyphae in wild. Artroconidia. Arthocondida & Hyphae. Sherules w/ endospores

Histoplasma Cap
Blastomycosis

Hyphae in wild. Microcondida w/ tuberculate macrocondida. Fac intracellular. In the tissue its a
yeast w/ a small neck.
Hyphae in wild

Sporothrix Schenkii

Hypahe in wild. Potas iodide in milk. Pneumonia in alcoholics.

PCP

Obligate parasite. Kills type I pneumo cells. Ground glass

Gram (-) Bugs w/ Exotoxins

E. Coli; V. Cholera; Bordetella Pertussis

Dermatophytes

E. Histolitica
Giardia
Cryptosporidium
Balantium C.
Trichomonas V.

Trichophyton: SHN
Microsporium: SH
Epidermophyton: SN
Tinea tavus: permanent hair loss
Transmission
Cysts
Cysts
Cysts
Cysts
Trophozoites

Vivax

Benign 3 degrees

48h

Enlarged Host Cell

Ovale

Benign 3 degrees

48h

Oval/Jagged

Malariae

4 degrees of Malarial

72hrregular

Crescent

Falciparum

Malignant 3 degrees

Diagnosis
Trophozoites or cysts in stool
Trophozoites or cysts in stool
Acid fast oocysts
Trophozoites or cysts in stool
Motile trophozoites

Fever

Fever Spike

Miscellaneous
1. Fastest growing tumor Burkitts
2. PEs are found in half of all autopsies
3. Courvoisiers Law: tumors that obstruct the common bile duct cause enlarged gallbladders, but obstructing
gallstones do not (too much scarring), so if you can palpate the gallbladder youe probably looking at cancer.
4. Only DNA virus to replicate in cytoplasm: Pox
5. Only RNA virus to replicate in nucleus: Influenza
6. Bacillus anthracis has the only protein capsule
7. Bordetella pertussis (Whooping Cough) elicits lymphocytosis rather than granulocytosis
8. Bronchioalveolar carcinomas grow without destroying the normal architecture of the lung
9. Cryptococcus neoformans often lacks a capsule and, when stained with GMS, looks just like Pneumycistis carinii,
except that Cryptococcus lacks the prominent nucleoli.
10. Weil Felix reaction: (+)R. rickettssi & (+)Proteus vulgaris & P. mirabilis
11. Treponema pallidum (Syphilis) tests: 1)VDRL 2)FTA-Abs: most widely used 3)TPI (immobilization test most
expensive but the Gold Standard)

35

Cytokine
IL 1
IL 2
IL 3
IL 4
IL 5
IL 6
IFN
IFN
IFN gamma
TNF
TNF

12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

Source
Monocytes, macrophages
Macrophages, T & NK cells
T cells
T cells
T cells
T cells, monocytes
B cells, macrophages
Fibroblasts
T & NK cells
Macrophages, T & NK cells
T cells

Function
Stimulates T cell proliferation & IL2 produciton
Stim prolif of B, T & NK cell
GF of tissue mast cells & hematopoietic stem cells
growth of B & T cells/ HLA II Ags
Maturation of B plasma cell
Maturation of B & T cell/ (-) fibroblasts
Antiviral activity
Antiviral activity
Antiviral activity, (+) macrophages, HLA II Ags
T cell prolif, IL 2 prod, cytotoxicity
T cell prolif, IL 2 prod, cytotoxicity

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes
VHL
APC
WT-1
Rb
BRCA-2
p53
NF-1
BRCA-1
DCC
DPC
NF-2

Chrom.
3p
5p
11p
13q
13q
17p
17q
17q
18q
18q
22q

Associated Tumors
Von Hippel Lindau, Renal Cell CA
Familial adenomatous polyposis, Colon CA
Wilms tumor
Retinoblastoma, Osteosarcoma
Breast CA
Most human Cas
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Breast CA, Ovarian CA
Colon & Stomach CA
Pancreatic CA
Neurofibromatosis type 2 = bilateral acoustic neuroma

Physio Equations:
Resistance in Series: Add all
Resistance in Parallel: Invert the answer
RENAL:
Filtration Fraction =

GFR
RPF

Filtered Load = GFR x [Conc]

Clearance =

36

GFR: Glomerular Filtration Rate RPF: Renal Plasma Flow

Excretion Rate = [Urine] x VelUrine

[Urine]xVel(Urine)
Excretion
or
[Plasma]
[Plasma]

Clearance of PAH = [ERPF]

ERPF: Eff renal plasma flow

Renal Blood Flow =

ERPF
1 Hct

Free Water Clearance = VelUrine -

Urine(osm) xVel(urine)
P(osm)

CARDIO:
CO = HR x SV

CO =

O2(consumed )
PulmonaryA VO2difference

MAP = Diastolic + 1/3 Pulse Pressure

CO =

MAP
TPR

Pulse Pressure = Systolic Diastolic

MAP = TPR x CO

F=

P1 P2
R

LUNGS:
PAO2 = (760 47) FO2 Where:
FO2 = [O2 ]

Flow =

PACO2
R

PACO2 = Alv. Press. Of CO2

O2consumed
AtoVO2difference

Velgas Diffusion =

VentTot = VentTidal x #of Respirations

Compliance =

Vol
Pr ess

P=

Tension
Radius

Resp Doubles: 150mmHg & 40mmHg

37

R = Resp. Exchange Ratio

CO2 produced
.8 or 1
O2consumed

Area
x Gas Diffusion Constant x Difference of Partial Press
Thickness

VentAlv = (VentTidal VentDead) x # of Respirations

1.0 =

Va/Q

New PCO2 = 20

Diffusing Capacity =
New PO2 = 170

COuptake
PACO2