NFV

Can be customer location
or provider PoP
Location
WAN Accelerator
Deep Packet Inspection
( DPI)
vE-CPE
Multiple Functions can be

virtualized
NFV aims at virtualizing Network Element or certain function of of Network Element in

Service Provider network by using commodity machines like x86 servers.
What is NFV
Intrusion Detection/
Prevention System
Both E-CPE ( Enterprise Access Router) and

PE ( Provider Edger) can be virtualized
Virtualization of E-CPE
and PE
Faisal Khan
NFV Mindmap V 2.0
Telecomlighthouse.com
QoS
V-PE
NG-Firewall
NFV Use Cases
Layer 2 or layer 3
capabilities
Standard IT virtualization technologies ( Cloud

Computing)
Use standard servers and commodity switches to reduce costs.
Start here, Move Clock Wise

Or
Jump to the topic
Firewall
Can also host some or all of

the functions of Ve-CPE
Technology Motivated
from
Innovate and rollout Services

quickly
Motivations/
Drivers of NFV
Reduce Power and space usage by using
commodity servers
Standardized and Open

interfaces
SGW
Serving Gateway
Mobile Core and

IMS
4G
Operation innovation through

common tools
PGW
Packet data network
gateway
Intrusion
Detection System
Security
Serving GPRS
support node
SGSN
Firewall
Basic Concepts
3G
Gateway GPRS
support node
GGSN
Call session
control function
CSCF
Mobile Base
station
Node B, eNodeB
Mobile Network
Elements
IMS
MME
Mobile Core
Media Gateway
Control function
Many Types of
Equipment
MGCF
Benefits
GGSN, SGSN
Target Areas of NFV

"Commoditiazation"
Setup Box
Elasticity, Flexibility,
Quick reconfiguration
Home
Enivronment
The following functions are virtualized:

Baseband radio processing unit, Phy, MAC, RLC, RRC
Complete base station or part
of base station is virtualized
Two Models
HLR, RNC
Home Router
Mobile Base
Station
For C-RAN, above functions ( in BBU) and also

switching/load balancing is virtualized
CPE
CG-NAT
These functions include but not limited to
Firewall, DHCP,NAT and VPN
Many functions of CPE are taken

to service provider cloud
Virtual CPE
Virtualization of Home
environment
Switching
BNG
Routing
SDN was originated in labs by Academia.
Differences and
Similarities
Both refers to software centric network
Virtual Network
Function
VNF
Virtualizes a Network Element or some

function of a network element
Example includes VNF for

Router, Switch, Base Station etc
SDN emphasizes separation of data and control plane; NFV aims at

virtualizing network hardware gear.
VNF Manager
Both refers to commoditization. Commoditization is a by-product of

SDN but the main focus of NFV
NFV
Use Cases
Service, VNF &

Infrastructure
Description
ic
NFV
NFV
Infrastructure
Compute, Memory and Network

Resources
Different Blocks
EMS 1
EMS 2
EMS 3
Complete hardware and software

environment in which VNFs are deployed
For example-Physical resources like

x86/Commodity Server and Virtual resources
The physical part of

of NFVI
For example
Commodity servers
New Topic
Ve-Vnfm
VNF Manager
VNF 2
Or-Vi
VNF 3
Vn-Nf
I
FV
N truc
ras
Inf
V
NF
e
tur
Arc
hite
ctu
re
Virtual
Compute
NFVI
Vi-Vnfm
Virtual
Memory
Virtual
Network
Virtualization Layer
NF-Vi
Vi-Ha
Compute
Memory
Virtualization Layer
Virtual Compute, Memory and

Network
Network
VIM
VNF
What is VNF?
Responsible for decoupling hardware

resource from software resource
Abstracts hardware resource

into software resource
Example:
HyperVisor
VIM-Virtualized
Infrastructure
Manager
The result of abstraction of

hardware resources
Virtualization
Infrastructure Manager
VNF (Virtual Network Function) represents

the function to be virtualized.
Example-Virtual
Machine
Manages NFVI
Resource management of
Compute, Memory and Network
Creates end to end

services among VNFs
Virtual Network
Function
Orchestration
Two functions
Manages resources to be utilized among among VIMs
in case there are multiple VIMs in network
VNFC
NFVI
NFVI is the totality of all software and
hardware on which VNFs are built up
NFVI
Manages VNF- This can

be proprietry
Se-Ma
Or-Vi
NFV
Network Functions
Virtualization
SDN can be said as enabler for NFV
Element Management
System
Orchestration
VNF 1
SDN can make communication between Management/

Orchestration and VNFs more flexible and efficient.
EMS
Os-Ma
OSS/BSS
s s
Ba ition
fin
How SDN can

help NFV
Management through Open

Interface
NFV Management
& Orchestration
De
SDN makes it more efficient and flexible for VMs/VNFs to

communicate within same host or distributed host architecture
NF
Vr
wit elati
h S on
DN
SDN does not need NFV for its implementation and vice versa; but
if implemented together can synergize each other
Manages VNF
Virtual Network
Function Component
VNF can be composed of multiple

functions that together make the VNF
Functional View
of VNF
Some vendors may implement network element

as one VNF, others as collection of VNFCs
Five different types of

interfaces
Stands for NFV

Infrastructure
SWA-1
With other VNFs
SWA-2
Between VNFCs
SWA-3
Between VNF
Manager and VNFC
SWA-4
With element
Management system
SWA-5
With NFV
Infrastructure
Has three main

domains
Computational and
Storage resources
Direct vs Indirect
communication
Hypervisor communicate with NIC through vSwitch,

this could by severe performance issue
Hypervisor abstracts physical resources of compute domain

to virtual domain( virtual machine)
VNFC to VNFC communication if they

are geographically separated
Responsibility of different
communication like
Scenario 1
Compute domain
Hypervisor
domain
How VNFCs communicate

with one another
Description
Network Infrastructure
domain
There are
multiple ways
Through Hardware switch
Scenario 2
Through vSwitch in Hypervisor
Scenario 3
Through vSwitch enhanced in

performance by DPDK
Scenario 4 &5
Through eSwtich embedded in

NIC
Scenario 6
Direct serial bus

communication
Different ways to
communicate
VNF
Communication of Orch. And

Management with VNF/VNFC
Communication channel
between different VNFs
Virtual Machine
VNF is fully deployable on COTS
By COTS type
Virtual machine is the virtualization
container in which VNF/VNFC runs
COTS mean Commercial Off the

Shelf. For example x86 Server
Two types
Some VNFC still needs some
specialized hardware
Virtual Machine has processor, memory and NIC as a physical machine

has-Hypervisor creates virtual machine from physical machine
Hypervisor
Agnostic
By Virtualization
Environment ( By Hypervisor
and Container)
Broad network
access of NFVI
VNF depends on the hypervisor

environment it runs on
Hypervisor
dependant
On demand self
service in NFVI
End to End service should be possible through variaty of transport

media and through different networks
Higher layer container

dependant
5 essential characteristics of cloud
applied to NFVI ( as per NIST)
Not Elastic
NFVI should be able to support VNF of other operators-Multi Tenancy
Elastic up/down
Performance can be increased (up)

or decreased ( down)
Elastic in/out
VNFC can be added (in) or removed

(out)
By Elastic Nature
Rapid Elasticity of
NFVI
VNF is dependent on higher layer

container, for example Java environment
References
Types of VNF
Resource Pooling
Upscale, downscale of computing, storage and network resources

should be possible because of service load or power consumption
VNF can run in any

hypervisor
environment
1. ETSI GS NFV 002 V1.2.1 (2014-12)-NFV Architectural Framework

2. ETSI GS NFV-SWA 001 V1.1.1 (2014-12)- Virtual Network Functions Architecture
3. ETSI GS NFV-INF 001 V1.1.1 (2015-01)- Infrastructure Overview
4. ETSI GS NFV 001 V1.1.1 (2013-10)- Use Cases
Full Elastic
Both up/down and in/out is possible
Measured service in
NFVI
Increasing VNF
resilience
Distributed VNFs or VNFCs on

different hosts
For scalability and redundancy

purposes
Typically VNFs need layer 2 connectivity from

infrastructure , layer 3 is provided by VNF themselves

NFV

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Can be customer location

Multiple Functions can be

NFV aims at virtualizing Network Element or certain function of of Network Element in

Both E-CPE ( Enterprise Access Router) and

NFV Use Cases

Standard IT virtualization technologies ( Cloud

Use standard servers and commodity switches to reduce costs.

Start here, Move Clock Wise

Can also host some or all of

Innovate and rollout Services

Standardized and Open

Mobile Core and

Operation innovation through

Target Areas of NFV

The following functions are virtualized:

For C-RAN, above functions ( in BBU) and also

Many functions of CPE are taken

SDN was originated in labs by Academia.

Both refers to software centric network

Virtualizes a Network Element or some

Example includes VNF for

SDN emphasizes separation of data and control plane; NFV aims at

Both refers to commoditization. Commoditization is a by-product of

Service, VNF &

Compute, Memory and Network

Complete hardware and software

For example-Physical resources like

The physical part of

Virtual Compute, Memory and

Responsible for decoupling hardware

Abstracts hardware resource

The result of abstraction of

VNF (Virtual Network Function) represents

Creates end to end

Manages VNF- This can

SDN can be said as enabler for NFV

SDN can make communication between Management/

How SDN can

Management through Open

SDN makes it more efficient and flexible for VMs/VNFs to

VNF can be composed of multiple

Some vendors may implement network element

Five different types of

Stands for NFV

With other VNFs

Has three main

Hypervisor communicate with NIC through vSwitch,

Hypervisor abstracts physical resources of compute domain

VNFC to VNFC communication if they

How VNFCs communicate

Through Hardware switch

Through vSwitch in Hypervisor

Through vSwitch enhanced in

Through eSwtich embedded in

Direct serial bus

Communication of Orch. And

COTS mean Commercial Off the

Virtual Machine has processor, memory and NIC as a physical machine

VNF depends on the hypervisor

End to End service should be possible through variaty of transport