7/1/2015

10ExamplesofHashMapinJavaProgrammingTutorial|Java67

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Monday,February25,2013

10ExamplesofHashMapinJavaProgrammingTutorial
HashMapinJavaisoneofthemostpopularCollectionclassamongJavaprogrammers.AfterbyarticleHow
HashMapworksinJava,whichdescribestheorypartofJavaHashMap,Ithoughttoshare,Howtouse
HashMapinJavawithfundamentalHashMapexamples,butcouldn'tdothatanditwasslipped.HashMap
isaadatastructure,basedonhashing,whichallowsyoutostoreobjectaskeyvaluepair,advantageof
usingHashMapisthat,youcanretrieveobjectonconstanttimei.e.O(1),ifyouknowthekey.HashMap
implementsMapinterfaceandsupportsGenericsfromJava1.5release,whichmakesittypesafe.There
arecoupleofmoreCollections,whichprovidessimilarfunctionalitieslikeHashMap,whichcanalsobeused
tostorekeyvaluepair.Hashtableisoneofthem,butHashtableissynchronizedandperformspoorinsingle
threadedenvironment.SeeHashtablevsHashMapforcompletedifferencesbetweenthem.Anotherone,
relativelynewisConcurrentHashMap,whichprovidesbetterperformancethanHashtableinconcurrent
environmentandshouldbepreferred.SeedifferencebetweenConcurrentHashMapandHashMapfor
detaildifferences.InthisJavatutorial,wewillseedifferentexamplesofHashMap,likeaddingand
removingentries,iteratingoverJavaHashMap,checkingsizemap,findingifakeyorvalueexistsonMap
andvariousotherexamples,whichweusedfrequently.

JavaHashMapExample

Beforegoingtoseetheseexamples,fewthingstonoteaboutJavaHashMap.Itsnot
synchronized,sodon'tshareyourHashMapamongmultiplethreads.Anothercommoncause
oferrorisclearingMapandreusingit,whichisperfectlyvalidinsinglethreadedenvironment
butifdoneinmultithreadedenvironmentcancreatesubtlebugs.

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JavaHashMapExample1:CreateandaddobjectsinHashMap
InfirstexampleofHashMap,wewillcreateandaddobjectintoourMap.AlwaysuseGenerics,ifyouare
notworkinginJava1.4.FollowingcodewillcreateHashMapwithkeysoftypeStringandvaluesoftype
Integerwithdefaultsizeandloadfactor.

HashMap<String,Integer>cache=newHashMap<String,Integer>();

alternativelyyoucancreateHashMapfromcopyingdatafromanotherMaporHashtableasshownin
belowexample:

Hashtable<Integer,String>source=newHashtable<Integer,String>();
HashMap<Integer,String>map=newHashMap(source);

Youcanalsosupplyloadfactor(percentageofsize,whichiffulledtriggerresizeofHashMap)and
initialiCapacitywhilecreatinginstancebyusingoverloadedconstructorprovidedinAPI.Addingelements,
alsocalledputoperation,requireskeyandvalueobject.HereisanexampleofaddingkeyandvalueinJava
HashMap:

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map.put(21,"TwentyOne");
map.put(21.0,"TwentyOne");//thiswillthrowcompilererrorbecause21.0isn
otinteger

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JavaHashMapExample2:RetrievingvaluefromHashMap

November(3)

AnotherbasicexampleisretrievingvaluefromHashMap.inordertoretrievevalues,weneedtoknowkey

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object.let'susethekeyinsertedinlastexample,forgettingvaluebackfromMap.get(key)methodisused

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togetvalueformHashMap:

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Integerkey=21;
Stringvalue=map.get(key);
System.out.println("Key:"+key+"value:"+value);

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Output:Key:21value:TwentyOne

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JavaHashMapExample3:IteratingoverHashMap
AnotherwaytogetvaluefromHashMapisbyiteratingoverwholeMap.Sometimewedowanttoloop
throughwholemapandperformoperationsoneachkeyvaluepair,wecanuseIteratorforthatpurpose.In
ordertouseIterator,wefirstneedSetofkeys,whichcanberetrievedusingmap.keySet()method.Bythe
waytherearemultiplewaystoloopthroughMapinJava,seeherefor4waystoloopHashMapinJava.
HereisanexampleofiteratingoverMapusingjava.util.Iterator:

map.put(21,"TwentyOne");
map.put(31,"ThirtyOne");
Iterator<Integer>keySetIterator=map.keySet().iterator();
while(keySetIterator.hasNext()){
Integerkey=keySetIterator.next();
System.out.println("key:"+key+"value:"+map.get(key));

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}
Output:

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key:21value:TwentyOne
key:31value:ThirtyOne

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JavaHashMapExample4:SizeandClearinHashMap
TwofundamentalexampleofHashMap,isfindingouthowmanyelementsarestoredinMap,knownas
sizeofMapandclearingHashMaptoreuse.JavaCollectionAPIprovidestwoconvinientmethodcalled
size()andclear()toperformtheseoperationonjava.util.HashMap,hereiscodeexample.

2012(137)
System.out.println("SizeofMap:"+map.size());
map.clear();//clearshashmap,removesallelement
System.out.println("SizeofMap:"+map.size());
Output:
SizeofMap:2
SizeofMap:0

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YoucanreuseMapbyclearingit,butbecarefulifitsbeensharedbetweenmultiplethreadswithoutproper
synchronization.Sinceyoumayneedtopreventotherthreadfromaccessingmapwhenitsgettingclear.I
suggestnottodo,untilyouhaveverygoodreasonofdoingit.

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JavaHashMapExample5and6:ContainsKeyandContainsValueExample
InthisexampleofJavaHashMap,wewilllearnhowtocheckifMapcontainsaparticularobjectaskeyor
value.java.util.HashMapprovidesconvenientmethodslikecontainsKey(Objectkey)and
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10ExamplesofHashMapinJavaProgrammingTutorial|Java67

containsValue(Objectvalue)whichcanbeusedtoforcheckingexistenceofanykeyvalueinHashMap.here

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iscodeexample:

System.out.println("DoesHashMapcontains21askey:"+map.containsKey(21));
System.out.println("DoesHashMapcontains21asvalue:"+map.containsValue(21
));
System.out.println("DoesHashMapcontainsTwentyOneasvalue:"+map.contains
Value("TwentyOne"));
Output:
DoesHashMapcontains21askey:true
DoesHashMapcontains21asvalue:false
DoesHashMapcontainsTwentyOneasvalue:true

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JavaHashMapExample7:CheckingifHashMapisempty
InthisMapexample,wewilllearnhowtocheckifHashMapisemptyinJava.Therearetwowaystofind

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outifMapisempty,oneisusingsize()method,ifsizeiszeromeansMapisempty.Anotherwaytocheckif
HashMapisemptyisusingmorereadableisEmpty()methodwhichreturnstrueifMapisempty.Hereis
codeexample:

booleanisEmpty=map.isEmpty();

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System.out.println("IsHashMapisempty:"+isEmpty);

CoreJava
JavaHashmapEx

Output:

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IsHashMapisempty:false

JavaHashMapExample8:RemovingObjectsfromHashMap
AnothercommonexampleofJavaHashMapisremovingentriesormappingfromMap.Java.util.HashMap
providesremove(Objectkey)method,whichacceptkeyandremovesmappingforthatkey.Thismethod,
returnsnullorthevalueofentry,justremoved.Hereisacodeexampleofremovingkeyvaluefrom
HashMap:

Integerkey=21;
Objectvalue=map.remove(key);
System.out.println("FollowingvalueisremovedfromMap:"+value);
Output:
FollowingvalueisremovedfromMap:TwentyOne

JavaHashMapExample9:SortingHashMapinJava
HashMapisanunsortedMapinJava,neitherkeyorvalueissorted.IfyouwanttosortHashMapthanyou
cansortitbaseduponkeyorvalue,seehowtosortHashMaponkeysandvaluesforfullcodeexample.
Alternatively,youcanuseSortedMapinJavalikeTreeMap.TreeMaphasconstructorwhichacceptsMap
andcancreateaMapsortedonnaturalorderofkeyoranycustomsortingorderdefinedbyComparator.
OnlythingiskeyshouldbenaturallycomparableandtherecompareTo()methodshouldn'tthrow
exception.JusttoremindthereisnoCollections.sort()methoddefinedforMapisonlyforListandits
implementatione.g.ArrayListorLinkedList.SoanysortingforMaprequireSortedMaporcustomcodefor
sortingoneitherkeyorvalue.hereiscodeexampleofsortingHashMapinJavabyusingTreeMapin
naturalorderofkeys:
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10ExamplesofHashMapinJavaProgrammingTutorial|Java67

map.put(21,"TwentyOne");
map.put(31,"ThirtyOne");
map.put(41,"ThirtyOne");
System.out.println("UnsortedHashMap:"+map);
TreeMapsortedHashMap=newTreeMap(map);
System.out.println("SortedHashMap:"+sortedHashMap);
Output:
UnsortedHashMap:{21=TwentyOne,41=ThirtyOne,31=ThirtyOne}
SortedHashMap:{21=TwentyOne,31=ThirtyOne,41=ThirtyOne}

JavaHashMapExample10:SynchronizedHashMapinJava
YouneedtosynchronizeHashMapifyouwanttouseitinmultithreadedenvironment.Ifyouarerunning
onJava1.5andaboveconsiderusingConcurrentHashMapinplaceofsynchronizedHashMapbecauseit
providebetterconcurrency.IfyourprojectisstillonJDK1.4thanyougottouseeitherHashtableor
synchronizedMap.Collections.synchronizedMap(map)isusedtosynchronizeHashMapinJava.Seehere
forfullcodeexample.ThismethodreturnsathreadsafeversionofMapandallmapoperationisserialized.

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Labels:corejava,Javacollectiontutorial,JavaprogrammingTutorial

8comments:
May11,2013at12:23PM
Sofar,itisthebestintroarticleonHashMapsI'veeverseen.Pleaseaddsomepracticalexampleof
HashMapusage.
Reply

http://java67.blogspot.com/2013/02/10examplesofhashmapinjavaprogrammingtutorial.html

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Zavier August18,2013at7:36PM
Do you know how to get all key value pair from HashMap using core Java library, without any
externallibrary?Ihavearequirement,whereIneedtoconvertallHashMapkeyvaluestoacolon
separated String e.g. key : value and send them to another system. I don't know how to convert
HashMap to String, as toString() format is not the one I wanted. I have an idea to write a static
method, which takes HashMap and returns a String with all key values pair separted by : and
individualentriessepratedbycomma(,)MyonlyproblemisIdon'tknowhowtogetallkeyvalues
fromMap?
Reply
Replies
Anonymous September3,2013at7:21AM
HiZavier,youcantrythis:
HashMapmap=newHashMap();//oryourhashmapalreadypopulated
for(Entryentry:map.entrySet()){
Stringkey=entry.getKey().toString();
Stringvalue=entry.getValue().toString();
//dowhatyouwantwiththesesstrings
}
Baptiste
Reply

Anonymous March19,2014at9:08AM
Veryniceexamples,thanks!
Justonequestion,ifwehavethepair(21,"TwentyOne")andwewanttochangeitto(21,"Twenty
Two")willthe
map.put(21,"TwentyTwo");commandwork?
Reply
Replies
Anonymous March26,2014at3:45AM
Ok,Ireadinjavadocs,itwill.
Reply

Anonymous July16,2014at1:35AM
Nicetutomate.MuchHelp
Reply

Anonymous September16,2014at12:08AM
goodtutorial
Reply

Anonymous June29,2015at1:59AM
Ineverseenthistypeoftutorial.goodtutorial
Reply

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