El.

TR-343 INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

TPC
233
Total Contact Hours:
Theory: 64 Hours. Practical: 96 Hours.
AIMS After studying the subject the student will be able to:
1. To understand various industrial electronic circuits.
2. To understand control system and components.
COURSE CONTENTS
1. Apply electronic devices for industrial control.
2. Identify the function of to-electronic devices in control circuits.
3. Identify the function of various type of transducers.
4. Identify the Principe of control system.
5. Explain the function of servomechanism.
6. Apply concepts of PLC Programming
7. Discuss the concept of DCS and SCADA
8. Identify the function of robotics
9. Explain the faction of Industrial Instrumentation.
10 Discus stability of control system
1. SWITCHING & PHOTO DEVICES AND TIMERS (REVIEW)
(05 Hours)
1.1. UJT ratings and UJT relaxation oscillator.
1.2. SCR ratings and SCR power control circuits.
1.3. Diac and Triac ratings and their use in power control.
1.4. Photo devices, photo transistor, LDR and LASCR.
1.5. LED, LED array, LCD and solar cell.
1.6. Opto-Couples.
1.7. Transistor timer.
1.8. IC timer (555 IC)
1.9. Sequential and long duration timer.
1.1 Understand the industrial applications of switching, photo devices and
timers.
1.1.1 State the operation of UJT relaxation oscillator and the terms
VBB ,VE and standoff ratio.
1.1.2 State the rating & power control characteristics of an SCR (VAK,
VBR, IH, IA, IGT).
1.1.3 Explain the applications of Diac & Traic in power control circuit.
1.2 Photo Devices. 1.2.1 Explain the applications of photo diode, photo transistor, LDR &
LASCR.
1.2.2 State the applications of LED, LED array, LCD, Solar cell and opto-coupler.

1. UJT ratings and UJT relaxation oscillator :

UJT:

The unijunction transistor does not belong to the thyristor family because it does not
have a four-layer type of construction. The term unijunction refers to the fact that
the UJT has a single pn junction. The UJT is useful in certain oscillator applications
and as a triggering device in thyristor circuits.
The UJT (unijunction transistor) is a three-terminal device whose basic construction is
shown in Figure .
UJT consist if an N-type silicon semiconductor bar base and a P-type silicon region. The
N type bar is called base and the P-type region as emitter. Thus a PN junction is formed
between the emitter and base regions. The emitter region is heavily doped , while the
base region is lightly doped . Due to this region , the resistivity of the base material is
very high. Three terminals are taken out of the whole structure one from the emitter
region and other from the end of the base region. These three terminals are labelled as
emitter (E) , base 1 (B1) and base 2 (B2).

Equivalent Circuit:
The equivalent circuit for the UJT, shown in Figure 1137(a), will aid in understanding
the basic operation. The diode shown in the figure represents the pn junction, represents
the internal dynamic resistance of the silicon bar between the emitter and base 1,

Applications of UJT:

Relaxation oscillators.
Switching Thyristors like SCR, TRIAC etc.
Magnetic flux sensors.
Voltage or current limiting circuit.
Bistable oscillators.
Voltage or current regulators.
Phase control circuits.

UJT relaxation oscillator:

UJT relaxation oscillator is a type of RC ( resistor-capacitor) oscillator where the active

element is a UJT (uni-junction transistor).UJT is an excellent switch with switching times
in the order of nano seconds.

1.1.2 State the rating & power control characteristics of an SCR (VAK,
VBR, IH, IA, IGT).:

A Silicon-Controlled Rectifier, or SCR, is essentially a Shockley diode with an extra

terminal added. This extra terminal is called the gate, and it is used to trigger the
device into conduction (latch it) by the application of a small voltage.

The Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

(anode to cathode voltage)VAK = voltage SCR when it is open = source voltage max.
LDR:
A photo-resistor (or light-dependent resistor, LDR, or photocell) is a light-controlled
variable resistor. The resistance of a photo-resistor decreases with increasing incident
light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity.

LASCR: (Light Activated Sillicon Controlled Rectifier)

LASCR is a unidirectional device that conducts current in only direction. The basic
LASCR circuit is illustrated above. Like all SCRs and triacs one must use A.C. or
pulsating D.C. for proper operation.

2. REGULATOR S OF VOLTAGE AND MOTOR SPEED. (05 Hours) 2.1 Voltage regulation of
electric generators. 2.2 Speed Control of DC motor and light dimmers.
2.3 Speed control of a 3-phase induction motor.
3. TRANSDUCERS (10 Hours) 3.1. Introduction of Transducers.
3.2. Strain Gauge.
3.3. Displacement Transducers. 3.3.1. Potentiometric Transducer.
3.3.2. Capacitive Transducer.
3.3.3. Inductive Transducer.

3.3.4. LVDT
3.4. Thermal Transducers. 3.4.1. Resistance Temperature Detectors.
3.4.2. Thermister.
3.4.3. Thermocouple.
3.4.4. IC Temperature Sensor
3.4.5. Pyrometer
3.5. Optical Transducers
3.6. Pizo-Electric Transducer
3.7. Hall Effect Transducer
4. CONTROL OF SYSTEMS. (16 Hours) 4.1. Fundamentals of Control System. 4.1.1. Control
variables
4.1.2. Open loop control system.
4.1.3. Closed loop control system.
4.1.4. Final control elements.
4.1.5. On-off control.
4.2. PI Controller. 4.2.1. Fundamentals
4.2.2. Proportional Band.
4.2.3. Application.
4.3. PD Controller. 4.3.1. Fundamentals
4.3.2. Integration time.

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4.4. PI, PD and PID Controllers. 4.4.1. Calibration and application. 4.4.2 Characteristics
4.5. Servo System. 4.5.1. Loop presentation.
4.5.2. Armature and field controls.
4.5.3. Servo Block characteristics.
4.5.4. Synchors, transmitter and transformer.
4.5.5. Velocity feedback.
4.5.6. Speed control.
4.5.7. Transient response
4.5.8. Automatic voltage stabilizer (servo type)

5. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER. (08 Hours) 5.1. Introduction of PLC

5.2. Advantages and disadvantages of PLCs
5.3. PLC System Block Diagram
5.4. Structure of PLC system
5.5. Input and output modules
5.6. PLC Programming 5.6.1. Ladder diagram
5.6.2. Rules and symbols used in PLC Programming
5.6.3. Logics used in PLC programming (OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND)
5.6.4. Timers
5.6.5. Counters

5.5.6 Simple PLC Programming.

6. ADVANCE SYSTEM CONTROLLERS (04 Hours) 6.1. Introduction to DCS Control
6.2. Basic structure of DCS Control
6.3. Advantages and disadvantages of DCS Control.
6.4. Introduction to SCADA
6.5. Basic structure of SCADA
6.6. Advantages and disadvantages of SCADA.
6.3 Comparison between PLC, DCS and SCADA
7. INTRODUCTION TO ROBBOTICS (04 Hours) 7.1. Introduction of robotics
7.2. Types of robots
7.3. Programming robots
7.4. Application of Robotics in Industry.
8. INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION. (10 Hours) 8.1. Definition of Industrial Instrumentation.
8.2. Types of Industrial Instrumentation.

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8.3. Benefits of Industrial Instrumentation.

8.4. Costs of Industrial Instrumentation in Plants.
8.5. Speed of Signal
8.6. Standard supplies (Electronic and pneumatic)
8.7. Standard Signals
8.8. Signal Transmission and reception
8.9. errors in transmission 8.10 accuracy and precision.
8.11 Analog and Digital Instruments
8.12 Application of Industrial Instrumentation in Plant.
9. STABILITY OF CONTROL SYSTEM. (02 Hours) 9.1. Need of stability of control system.
9.2. Methods to improve stability.
TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Modern Industrial Electronics, 5th Edition by Timothy J. Maloney, Prentice Hall, 2003.
2. Industrial Electronics by Petruzella, McGraw-Hill, 1995.
3. Electric Motors and Control Systems, by Petruzella, Career Education, 2009
4. Activities Manual for Electric Motors and Control System, 1 st Edition by Petruzella, Career Education,
2009.
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ELTR-343 INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES:
1. SWITCHING AND PHOTO DEVICES AND TIMERS(Review only).
1.1 Understand the industrial applications of switching, photo devices and timers.
1.1.1 State the operation of UJT relaxation oscillator and the terms
VBB ,VE and standoff ratio.
1.1.2 State the rating & power control characteristics of an SCR (V AK,
VBR, IH, IA, IGT).
1.1.3 Explain the applications of Diac & Traic in power control circuit.
1.2 Photo Devices. 1.2.1 Explain the applications of photo diode, photo transistor, LDR & LASCR.
1.2.2 State the applications of LED, LED array, LCD, Solar cell and opto-coupler.
1.3 Timers & their Industrial Applications. 1.3.1 State the RC time constant.
1.3.2 Explain the delay time action of circuits.
1.3.3 Explain the transistor timer.
1.3.4 Explain timer using IC 555 & 556
1.3.5 Describe the application of 555 & 556 timer
1.3.6 Explain the operation of sequential and long duration timer and list their applications.
2. UNDERSTAND THE ELECTRONIC METHODS OF VOLTAGE REGULATION OF
ELECTRICAL GENERATORS AND MOTOR SPEED CONTROL. 2.1 Draw the schematic diagram
for basic voltage regulator for electrical generator using a transistor and zener diode (forming a closed
loop ).
2.2 Explain the working of the simple voltage regulator circuit.
2.3 Draw the schematic diagram of the car-alternator voltage regulator.
2.4 Explain the working of the car-alternator voltage regulator.
2.5 List the types of feedback regulator circuits for low voltage DC output.
2.6 Draw the schematic diagram of basic of-amp series regulator with current limiting element.
2.7 Explain the working of series voltage regulator circuit.
2.8 Draw the schematic diagram of a basic of-amp shunt regulator.
2.9 Explain the working of basic of-amp shunt regulator.
2.10 Draw the schematic diagram of a basic step-down switching (mode)
regulator.
2.11 Explain the working of step-down switching regulator.
2.12 Review the armature control and field control of motor speed.
2.13 Draw the circuit diagram of electronic speed control of D.C. motor using SCR.
2.14 Explain the operation of the circuit of D.C. motor speed control.
2.15 Describe the voltage regulator method of speed control of a motor.
2.16 Draw the block diagram of three-phase SCR speed varietur.
2.17 Describe the working of three-phase SCR speed varietur.
2.18 Describe the working of adjustable frequency inverter for AC motor
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drive.
2.19 Draw the circuit diagrams of light dimmer using (i) An SCR with a bridge rectifier.
(ii) a diac and a triac.
2.20 Explain the operation of both the above light dimmer circuits.
3. UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF TRANSDUCERS IN INDUSTRY. 3.1 Explain Transducers. 3.1.1
Define Transducer
3.1.2 List basic types of transducer.
3.1.3 List and discuss different principles used in transducers.
3.1.4 Discuss different classifications of transducers.
3.2 Discuss construction, working and applications of Strain Gauge.
3.3 Explain construction and working of Displacement Transducers. 3.3.1 Discuss construction, working
and applications of Potentiometric Transducer.
3.3.2 Discuss construction, working and applications of Capacitive Transducer.
3.3.3 Discuss construction, working and applications of Inductive Transducer.
3.3.4 Discuss construction, working and applications of LVDT
3.4 Explain Construction and working of Thermal Transducers. 3.4.1 Discuss construction, working and
applications of Resistance Temperature Detectors.
3.4.2 Discuss construction, working and applications of Thermister.
3.4.3 Discuss construction, working and applications of Thermocouple.
3.4.4 Discuss construction, working and applications of IC Temperature Sensor
3.4.5 Discuss construction, working and applications of Pyrometer
3.5 Discuss construction, working and applications of Optical Transducers
3.6 Discuss construction, working principal and applications of Pizo-Electric Transducer
3.7 Discuss construction, working principal and applications of Hall Effect Transducer
4. UNDERSTAND THE FUNDAMENTALS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEM. 4.1
List the basic control variables. 4.1.1 Draw the block diagram of open-loop control system.
4.1.2 Identify the function of each block of the system.
4.1.3 List the applications of open-loop control system.
4.1.4 Draw the block diagram of closed-loop control system.
4.1.5 Identify the function of each block of closed-loop control system.
4.1.6 List the uses of closed-loop control system.
4.1.7 Describe the function of final control element.

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4.1.8 Draw the diagram of on-off control system.

4.1.9 Explain the working of on-off control.
4.1.10 List the merits and demerits of on-off control system.
4.2 Understand the function of a proportional Integrator controller. 4.2.1 Explain the fundamentals
of PI controller.
4.2.2 Explain the working of proportional Integral controller 4.2.3 List the applications of PI controller.
4.3 Understand the function of P.D. Controller. 4.3.1 Explain the fundamentals of PD controller.
4.3.2 Explain the differentiation time of PD controller.
4.3.3 List the applications of PD controller.
4.4 Understand the characteristics of PI, PD & PID controller. 4.4.1 Explain the characteristics of PI
controller.
4.4.2 Explain the characteristics of PD controller.
4.4.3 Describe proportional Integral derivative (PID) controller.
4.4.4 Explain the working of PID controller.
4.4.5 Explain the calibration of PID controller.
4.4.6 List the uses of PID controller.
4.5 Understand the function of servo system. 4.5.1 Explain the loop presentation of servo system.
4.5.2 Explain the armature control of servo motor.
4.5.3 Explain the field control of servo motor.
4.5.4 Draw the block diagram of servo system.
4.5.5 Identify the function of each block of servo system.
4.5.6 Explain the operation of synchros in servo system.
4.5.7 Explain the operation of transmitter in servo system.
4.5.8 Explain the velocity feed-back.
4.5.9 Describe speed control in servo system.
4.5.10 Explain the transient response in servo system.
4.5.11 Draw the circuit diagram of Automatic voltage stabilizer (servo motor type).
4.5.12 Explain the circuit operation of Automatic voltage stabilizer (servo motor type).

5. UNDERSTAND PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER. 5.1 Express the role of PLC in

industry.
5.2 Discuss advantages and disadvantages of PLCs
5.3 Draw the block diagram of PLC System.
5.4 Explain the structure of PLC system
5.5 Discuss input and output modules
5.6 Apply PLC Programming 5.6.1 Understand and develop Ladder diagram
5.6.2 Describe rules and symbols used in PLC Programming
5.6.3 Discuss Logics used in PLC programming (OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND)
5.6.4 Describe Timers used in PLC Programming.
5.6.5 Describe Counters used in PLC Programming.

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5.5.6 Develop simple PLC Programs.

6. UNDERSTAN ADVANCE SYSTEM CONTROLLERS 6.1 Discuss DCS Control system.
6.2 Describe basic structure of DCS Control
6.3 Discuss advantages and disadvantages of DCS Control.
6.4 Define SCADA
6.5 Describe basic structure of SCADA
6.6 Discuss advantages and disadvantages of SCADA.
6.3 Differentiate between PLC, DCS and SCADA
7. INTRODUCTION TO ROBBOTICS 7.1 Define robotics
7.2 Discuss types of robots
7.3 Describe Programming for robots
7.4 Discuss application of Robotics in Industry.
8. INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION. 8.1 Define of Industrial Instrumentation.
8.2 Describe Types of Industrial Instrumentation.
8.3 Discuss benefits of Industrial Instrumentation.
8.4 Discuss costs of Industrial Instrumentation in Plants.
8.5 Describe Speed of Signal
8.6 Discuss standard supplies (Electronic and Pneumatic)
8.7 Describe Standard Signals
8.8 Explain Signal Transmission and reception
8.9 Discuss errors in transmission 8.10 Discuss accuracy and precision.
8.11 Differentiate between Analog and Digital Instruments 8.12 Explain application of Industrial
Instrumentation in Plant.
9. UNDERSTAND THE CRITERIA OF STABILITY OF A CONTROL SYSTEM. 9.1 List causes of
control system stability.
9.2 Explain the methods to improve stability.
1.