F-2,Block, Amity Campus

Sec-125, Nodia (UP)

India 201303

ASSIGNMENTS
PROGRAM:
SEMESTER-I
Subject Name
:
Study COUNTRY
:
Permanent Enrollment Number (PEN) :
Roll Number
:
Student Name
:
INSTRUCTIONS
a) Students are required to submit all three assignment sets.
ASSIGNMENT
Assignment A
Assignment B
Assignment C

DETAILS
Five Subjective Questions
Three Subjective Questions + Case Study
45 Objective Questions

MARKS
10
10
10

b)
c)
d)
e)

Total weightage given to these assignments is 30%. OR 30 Marks

All assignments are to be completed as typed in word/pdf.
All questions are required to be attempted.
All the three assignments are to be completed by due dates (specified
from time to time) and need to be submitted for evaluation by Amity
University.
f) The evaluated assignment marks will be made available within six
weeks. Thereafter, these will be destroyed at the end of each semester.
g) The students have to attached a scan signature in the form.
Signature
:
_________________________________
Date
:
_________________________________
( ) Tick mark in front of the assignments submitted
Assignment A
Assignment B
Assignment C

Introduction to IT and CS
Assignment A
Q1. Explain register transfer language..
A symbolic language which is a convenient tool for describing the internal organization
of digital computers and can also be used to facilitate the design process of digital
systems.

Q2. What are peripheral devices list them.

A peripheral device connects to a computer system to add functionality.
Examples are a mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer and scanner.
Q3. Describe the circuit implementation of function xy+yz.
1. Take two 2-input AND gates.
2. Attach 'y' to one input of one gate, and jumper that point to one input
of the other gate.
3. Attach 'x' to the free input of one gate, and attach 'z' to the free input
of the other gate.
4. Attach the outputs of both gates to the inputs of a single OR gate.
5. The output of the OR gate is the Boolean function ( XY + YZ ).
Q4.What is the difference between assembler, compiler and interpreter?
A compiler is a computer program that reads a program written in one
language, which is called the source language, and translates it in to another
language, which is called the target language. Traditionally, source language
is a high level language such as C++ and target language is a low level
language such as Assembly language. However, there are compilers that can
convert a source program written in Assembly language and convert it to
machine code or object code. Assemblers are such tools. On the other hand,
Interpreters are tools that execute instructions written in some programming
language. Interpreter can either directly execute high level source code or
translate them to intermediate code and then interpret it or execute
precompiled code
Assembler is software or a tool that translates Assembly language to
machine code. So, an assembler is a type of a compiler and the source code
is written in Assembly language. Assembly is a human readable language

but it typically has a one to one relationship with the corresponding machine
code. Therefore an assembler is said to perform isomorphic (one to one
mapping) translation. Advanced assemblers provide additional features that
support program development and debugging processes. For example, the
type of assemblers called macro assemblers provides a macro facility.
An interpreter is a computer program or a tool that executes programming
instructions. An interpreter may either execute the source code directly or
converts the source to an intermediate code and execute it directly or execute
precompiled code produced by a compiler (some interpreter systems include
a compiler for this task). Languages like Perl, Python, MATLAB and Ruby
are examples of programming languages that use an intermediate code.
UCSD Pascal interprets a precompiled code. Languages like Java, BASIC
and Samltalk first compile the source to an intermediate code called
bytecode and then interpret it.
Q5.What are the different level of programming languages?
Absolute Machine Code
The very lowest possible level at which you can program a computer is in its
own native machine code, consisting of strings of 1's and 0's and stored as
binary numbers. The main problems with using machine code directly are
that it is very easy to make a mistake, and very hard to find it once you
realize the mistake has been made.
Assembly Language
Assembly language is nothing more than a symbolic representation of
machine code, which also allows symbolic designation of memory locations.
Thus, an instruction to add the contents of a memory location to an internal
CPU register called the accumulator might be add a number instead of a
string of binary digits (bits).
No matter how close assembly language is to machine code, the computer
still cannot understand it. The assembly-language program must be
translated into machine code by a separate program called an assembler. The
assembler program recognizes the character strings that make up the
symbolic names of the various machine operations, and substitutes the
required machine code for each instruction. At the same time, it also
calculates the required address in memory for each symbolic name of a

memory location, and substitutes those addresses for the names. The final
result is a machine-language program that can run on its own at any time;
the assembler and the assembly-language program are no longer needed. To
help distinguish between the "before" and "after" versions of the program,
the original assembly-language program is also known as the source code,
while the final machine-language program is designated the object code.
If an assembly-language program needs to be changed or corrected, it is
necessary to make the changes to the source code and then re-assemble it to
create a new object program.
Compiler Language
Compiler languages are the high-level equivalent of assembly language.
Each instruction in the compiler language can correspond to many machine
instructions. Once the program has been written, it is translated to the
equivalent machine code by a program called a compiler. Once the program
has been compiled, the resulting machine code is saved separately, and can
be run on its own at any time.
As with assembly-language programs, updating or correcting a compiled
program requires that the original (source) program be modified
appropriately and then recompiled to form a new machine-language (object)
program.
Typically, the compiled machine code is less efficient than the code
produced when using assembly language. This means that it runs a bit more
slowly and uses a bit more memory than the equivalent assembled program.
To offset this drawback, however, we also have the fact that it takes much
less time to develop a compiler-language program, so it can be ready to go
sooner than the assembly-language program.
Interpreter Language
An interpreter language, like a compiler language, is considered to be high
level. However, it operates in a totally different manner from a compiler
language. Rather, the interpreter program resides in memory, and directly
executes the high-level program without preliminary translation to machine
code.

This use of an interpreter program to directly execute the user's program has
both advantages and disadvantages. The primary advantage is that you can
run the program to test its operation, make a few changes, and run it again
directly. There is no need to recompile because no new machine code is ever
produced. This can enormously speed up the development and testing
process.
On the down side, this arrangement requires that both the interpreter and the
user's program reside in memory at the same time. In addition, because the
interpreter has to scan the user's program one line at a time and execute
internal portions of itself in response, execution of an interpreted program is
much slower than for a compiled program.

Assignment B
1. Explain memory hierarchy in brief.
The term memory hierarchy is used in computer architecture when
discussing performance issues in computer architectural design, algorithm
predictions, and the lower level programming constructs such as involving
locality of reference. A "memory hierarchy" in computer storage
distinguishes each level in the "hierarchy" by response time
There are four major storage levels.

Internal Processor registers and cache.

Main the system RAM and controller cards.
On-line mass storage Secondary storage.
Off-line bulk storage Tertiary and Off-line storage

2. What do you understand by parallel processing?

Parallel processing is a term used to denote a large class of techniques
that are used to provide simultaneous data processing tasks for the
purpose of increasing the computational speed of computer. The
purpose of parallel processing is to speed up the computer processing
capability and increased its throughput that is, the amount of
processing can be accomplished during a interval of time the amount

of hardware increases with parallel processing and with it the cost of

system increases.

3. What is array processor and what is the role of attached array

processor?
Array Processors
An array processor is processor that performs computations on large
arrays of data. The term is used to refer two different types of
processor . An attach array processor is an auxiliary processor
attached to general purpose computer. It is intended to improve the
performance of the host computer in specific numerical computation
tasks. An SIMD processor is a processor that has single instruction
multiple data organization. It manipulates vector instructions by
means of multiple functional units responding to a common
instruction . Although both types of array processors manipulate
vector , their organization is different.
Attached Array Processor
An attached array processor is designed as a peripheral for
conventional host computer, and its purpose is to enhance the
performance of computer by providing Vector processing for complex
applications. It achieves high performance by means of parallel
processing with multiple functional units. It includes an arithmetic
unit containing one or more pipelined floating point adders and
multipliers. The array processor can be programmed by the user to
accommodate variety of complex arithmetic problems.

Assignment C
(Multiple Choice Question)
Q1.
a)
b)
c)
d)

The worlds fastest and most advanced computer.

Main frames Computers
Super Computers
Personal Computers
Mini Computers

Q2.
a)
b)
c)
d)

Who is the father of computers.

Blaise Pascal
Charles Babbage
Konrad Zuse
John Atanasoff

Q3.
a)
b)
c)
d)

Who invented Pascalin.

Blaise Pascal
Charles Babbage
Konrad Zuse
John Atanasoff

Q4. Who invented ABC .

a) Blaise Pascal
b) Charles Babbage
c) Konrad Zuse
d) John Atanasoff
Q5. ___________earned the semiofficial title of "inventor of the modern
computer"
a) Blaise Pascal
b) Charles Babbage
c) Konrad Zuse
d) John Atanasoff
Q6.
a)
b)
c)
d)

MARK series of computers was designed by

Konrad Zuse
John Atanasoff
Howard Aiken
Blaise Pascal

Q7.

The computers of ________generation replaced vacuum tubes with

transistors.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Q8.
a)
b)
c)
d)

1st
2nd
3rd
4th
EDVAC stand for
Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer.
Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Calculator.
Electric Discrete Variable Automatic Computer.
Electric Dependent Variable Automatic Calculator.

Q9. _____________type of computers recognizes data by counting

discrete signal of (0 0r 1), they are high speed programmable; they compute
values and stores results.
a) Digital computer
b) Analog Computer
c) Hybrid Computer
d) Super Computer
Q10.
a)
b)
c)
d)

In the decimal number system, there are ________ possible values.

2
10
8
16

Q11. In a positional notation system, the number base is called the

__________.
a) radix
b) radius
c) remix
d) base value
Q12.
a)
b)
c)
d)

The decimal number 163 would be represented in BCD as follows.

0001 0110 0011
0001 0011 0110
0001 0011 0001
0001 0001 0110

Q13. When a fixed precision binary number is used to hold only positive
values, it is said to be
a) unsigned
b) Signed
c) Positive
d) Negitave

Q14.
a)
b)
c)
d)

The binary number system is ________ numbering system.

positional notation
non-positional notation
signed
unsigned

Q15.
a)
b)
c)
d)

Convert 3710 to binary

100100
100101
101101
100110

Q16. Convert the binary number 01011011 to a hexadecimal number.

a)
B5
b)
5B
c)
4B
d)
B6

Q17. Sometimes called __________, memory consists of one or more chips

on the motherboard or some other circuit board in the computer.
a)
b)
c)
d)

primary storage
auxiliary storage
secondary storage
permanent storage

Q18. Examples of storage media are all of the following except

__________.
a) floppy disks
b) expansion cards
c) compact disks
d) tape
Q19. A __________, is a narrow recording band that forms a full circle on
the surface of a disk.
A) track
B) cluster
C) shutter
D) sector
Q20. A disks storage locations consist of pie-shaped sections, which break
the tracks into small arcs called __________.
A) backups
B) clusters
C) shutters
D) sectors
Q21. Hard disks provide for __________ access times than floppy disks.
A) lesser storage capacities and much slower
B) greater storage capacities but much slower
C) lesser storage capacities but much faster
D) greater storage capacities and much faster

Q22. Below are the major structural components of CPU except :

a)

Control Unit

b)

ALU

c)

Registers

d)

RAM

Q23. A hypothesis that states transistor densities in a single chip will

double every 18 months
a)

Mores Law

b)

CPUs Law

c)

Moores Law

d)

Transistors Law

Q24. RISC stands for

a)

Reduced Instruction Set Computer

b)

Redundant Instruction Set Computer

c)

Reduced Information Set Computer

d)

Reduced Instruction Set Chip

Q25. _______ is not an auxiliary memory.

a)

RAM

b)

Hard Disk

c)

Tapes

d)

DVD

Q26. _____________ is most commonly used to store system-level

programs that we want to have available to the computer at all times.
a)

ROM

b)

RAM

c)

Hard Disk

d)

CD

Q27. The purpose of ___________is to act as a buffer between the very

limited, very high-speed CPU registers and the relatively slower and much
larger main system memory.
a)
b)
c)
d)

cache memory
RAM
Virtual memory
ROM

Q28. When data are found in the cache, it is called a

a)
Cache miss
b)
Cache found
c)
Cache hit
d)
Cache data
Q29. By placing some parts that should be in memory inside your hard-disk
one can extend the memory capacity of a computer way beyond what is
installed; this is called ___________.
a)
virtual memory
b)
cache memory
c)
primary memory
d)
secondary memory
Q30 __________ is not an input device.
a)
MICR
b)
OMR
c)
Touch Screen
d)
Plotter

Q31
a)
b)
c)
d)

____________ is not an output device.

Projector
Printer
Plotter
Scanner

Q32.
a)
b)
c)
d)

All are Variants of the Mouse except.

Track ball
Track pad
integrated pointing device
Game pad

Q33 ____________ is a device that can read text or illustrations and

translate the information into a form the computer can use.
a)
Printer
b)
Plotter
c)
Scanner
d)
Reader
Q34. MICR stands for ________________.
a)
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
b)

Magnetic Ink Character Reader

c)

Mechanical Ink Character Recognition

d)

Mechanical Ink Character Reader

Q35. ___________ is not an operating system.

a) Unix
b) Linux
c) DOS
d) Internet Explorer

Q36. COBOL is ___________ language.

a)

1st

b)

2nd

c)

3rd

d)

4th

Q37. ____________converts source code into object code.

a)

Compiler

b)

Interpreter

c)

Translator

d)

Converter

Q38. ________________ is a software program that enables the computer

hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software.
a)

Application Software

b)

Translators

c)

Languages

d)

Operating System

Q39. An Operating systems that is capable of allowing multiple software

processes to be run at the same time is.
a)

Multiuser OS

b)

Multiprocessing

c)

Multitasking

d)

Multithreading

Q40. A____________ is a language that provides little or no abstraction

from a computer's instruction set architecture.
a)

low-level programming language

b)

High- level programming language

c)

Assembly level programming language

d)

Real fprogramming language