CHAPTER 12

CAPITAL BUDGETING: DECISION CRITERIA

(Difficulty: E = Easy, M = Medium, and T = Tough)

True-False

Easy:
Capital budget Answer: b Diff: E
1. A firm should never undertake an investment if accepting the project
would cause an increase in the firm's cost of capital.

a. True
b. False

PV of cash flows Answer: b Diff: E

2. Because present value refers to the value of cash flows that occur at
different points in time, present values cannot be added to determine
the value of a capital budgeting project.

a. True
b. False

Ranking methods Answer: b Diff: E

3. Given two mutually exclusive projects and a zero cost of capital, the
payback method and NPV method of selecting investments will always lead
to the same decision on which project to undertake.

a. True
b. False

Payback period Answer: a Diff: E

4. One advantage of the payback period method of evaluating fixed asset
investment possibilities is that it provides a rough measure of a
project's liquidity and risk.

a. True
b. False

NPV Answer: b Diff: E

5. Assuming that the total cash flows are equal, the NPV of a project
whose cash flows accrue relatively rapidly is more sensitive to changes
in the discount rate than is the NPV of a project whose cash flows come
in more slowly.

a. True
b. False

Chapter 12 - Page 1
IRR Answer: a Diff: E
6. The internal rate of return is that discount rate which equates the
present value of the cash outflows (or costs) with the present value of
the cash inflows.

a. True
b. False

IRR Answer: a Diff: E

7. Under certain conditions, a particular project may have more than one
IRR. One condition under which this situation can occur is if, in
addition to the initial investment at time = 0, a negative cash flow
occurs at the end of the project's life.

a. True
b. False

IRR Answer: b Diff: E

8. Other things held constant, an increase in the cost of capital discount
rate will result in a decrease in a project's IRR.

a. True
b. False

IRR and NPV Answer: b Diff: E

9. If a project's NPV exceeds the project's IRR, then the project should
be accepted.

a. True
b. False

Multiple IRRs Answer: b Diff: E

10. The phenomenon called "multiple internal rates of return" arises when
two or more mutually exclusive projects which have different lives are
being compared.

a. True
b. False

Modified IRR Answer: b Diff: E

11. The modified IRR (MIRR) method has wide appeal to professors, but most
business executives prefer the NPV method to either the regular or
modified IRR.

a. True
b. False

Modified IRR Answer: b Diff: E

12. The modified IRR (MIRR) always leads to the same capital budgeting
decisions as the NPV method.

a. True
b. False

Chapter 12 - Page 2
Mutually exclusive projects Answer: a Diff: E
13. Conflicts between two mutually exclusive projects, where the NPV method
chooses one project but the IRR method chooses the other, should
generally be resolved in favor of the project with the higher NPV.

a. True
b. False

Reinvestment rate assumption Answer: a Diff: E

14. The NPV method's assumption that cash inflows are reinvested at the
cost of capital is more reasonable than the IRR's assumption that cash
flows are reinvested at the IRR. This makes the NPV method preferable
to the IRR method.

a. True
b. False

Replacement chain Answer: b Diff: E

15. The replacement chain, or common life, approach is applicable whether
two projects with differing lives are mutually exclusive or
independent.

a. True
b. False

Medium:
Ranking methods Answer: a Diff: M
16. Any capital budgeting investment rule should depend solely on
forecasted cash flows and the opportunity cost of capital. The rule
itself should not be affected by managers' tastes, the choice of
accounting method, or the profitability of other independent projects.

a. True
b. False

Ranking methods Answer: b Diff: M

17. A decrease in the firm's discount rate (r) will increase NPV, which
could change the accept/reject decision for a potential project.
However, such a change would have no impact on the project's IRR, hence
on the accept/reject decision under the IRR method.

a. True
b. False

Mutually exclusive projects Answer: b Diff: M

18. When considering two mutually exclusive projects, the financial manager
should always select that project whose internal rate of return is the
highest provided the projects have the same initial cost.

a. True
b. False

Chapter 12 - Page 3
NPV Answer: b Diff: M
19. Normal Projects Q and R have the same NPV when the discount rate is
zero. However, Project Q has larger early cash flows than R.
Therefore, we know that at all discount rates greater than zero,
Project R will have a greater NPV than Q.

a. True
b. False

NPV Answer: a Diff: M

20. Project S has a pattern of high cash flows in its early life, while
Project L has a longer life, with large cash flows late in its life.
At the current cost of capital, normal Projects S and L have identical
NPVs. Now suppose interest rates and money costs generally decline.
Other things held constant, this change will cause L to become
preferred to S.

a. True
b. False

IRR and NPV Answer: b Diff: M

21. If the IRR of normal Project X is greater than the IRR of mutually
exclusive Project Y (also normal), we can conclude that the firm will
select X rather than Y if X has a NPV > 0.

a. True
b. False

NPV versus IRR Answer: b Diff: M

22. The main reason that the NPV method is regarded as being conceptually
superior to the IRR method for evaluating mutually exclusive
investments is that multiple IRRs may exist.

a. True
b. False

NPV versus IRR Answer: b Diff: M

23. The NPV and IRR methods, when used to evaluate an independent project,
will lead to different accept/reject decisions unless the IRR is
greater than the cost of capital.

a. True
b. False

NPV profile Answer: b Diff: M

24. The IRR of normal Project X is greater than the IRR of normal Project
Y, and both IRRs are greater than zero. Also, the NPV of X is greater
than the NPV of Y at the cost of capital. If the two projects are
mutually exclusive, Project X should definitely be selected, and the
investment made, provided we have confidence in the data. Put another
way, it is impossible to draw NPV profiles that would suggest not
accepting Project X.

a. True
b. False

Chapter 12 - Page 4
Reinvestment rate assumption Answer: a Diff: M
25. In capital budgeting analyses, it is possible that NPV and IRR will
both involve an assumption of reinvestment of the project's cash flows
at the same rate.

a. True
b. False

Small business Answer: a Diff: M

26. Small businesses probably make less use of the DCF capital budgeting
techniques than large businesses. This may reflect a lack of knowledge
on the part of small firms' managers, but it may also reflect a
rational conclusion that the costs of using DCF analysis outweigh the
benefits of these methods for those firms.

a. True
b. False

Replacement chain Answer: b Diff: M

27. Although the replacement chain, or common life, approach is appealing
for dealing with projects with different lives, it is not used in
industry because there are no projects which meet the assumptions the
method requires.

a. True
b. False

Common life comparisons Answer: a Diff: M

28. Extending projects with different lives to a common life for comparison
purposes, while theoretically appealing, should be done only if there
is a high probability that the projects will actually be replicated
beyond their initial lives.

a. True
b. False

Chapter 12 - Page 5
Multiple Choice: Conceptual

Easy:
Ranking methods Answer: b Diff: E
29. Assume a project has normal cash flows (i.e., the initial cash flow is
negative, and all other cash flows are positive). Which of the
following statements is most correct?

a. All else equal, a project's IRR increases as the cost of capital

declines.
b. All else equal, a project's NPV increases as the cost of capital
declines.
c. All else equal, a project's MIRR is unaffected by changes in the
cost of capital.
d. Answers a and b are correct.
e. Answers b and c are correct.

Ranking conflicts Answer: a Diff: E

30. Which of the following statements is most correct?

a. The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the
cost of capital while the IRR method assumes reinvestment at the
IRR.
b. The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the
risk free rate while the IRR method assumes reinvestment at the IRR.
c. The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the
cost of capital while the IRR method assumes reinvestment at the
risk-free rate.
d. The NPV method does not consider the inflation premium.
e. The IRR method does not consider all relevant cash flows, and
particularly cash flows beyond the payback period.

Payback period Answer: e Diff: E

31. A major disadvantage of the payback period method is that it

a. Is useless as a risk indicator.

b. Ignores cash flows beyond the payback period.
c. Does not directly account for the time value of money.
d. All of the answers above are correct.
e. Only answers b and c are correct.

Chapter 12 - Page 6
NPV profiles Answer: b Diff: E
32. Projects A and B have the same expected lives and initial cash
outflows. However, one project's cash flows are larger in the early
years, while the other project has larger cash flows in the later
years. The two NPV profiles are given below:

NPV

Which of the following statements is most correct?

a. Project A has the smaller cash flows in the later years.

b. Project A has the larger cash flows in the later years.
c. We require information on the cost of capital in order to determine
which project has larger early cash flows.
d. The NPV profile graph is inconsistent with the statement made in the
problem.
e. None of the statements above is correct.

NPV and IRR Answer: a Diff: E

33. Which of the following statements is most correct?

a. If a project’s internal rate of return (IRR) exceeds the cost of

capital, then the project’s net present value (NPV) must be
positive.
b. If Project A has a higher IRR than Project B, then Project A must
also have a higher NPV.
c. The IRR calculation implicitly assumes that all cash flows are
reinvested at a rate of return equal to the cost of capital.
d. Answers a and c are correct.
e. None of the answers above is correct.

NPV and IRR Answer: a Diff: E

34. Project A has an internal rate of return (IRR) of 15 percent. Project
B has an IRR of 14 percent. Both projects have a cost of capital of 12
percent. Which of the following statements is most correct?

a. Both projects have a positive net present value (NPV).

b. Project A must have a higher NPV than Project B.
c. If the cost of capital were less than 12 percent, Project B would
have a higher IRR than Project A.
d. Statements a and c are correct.
e. Statements a, b, and c are correct.

Chapter 12 - Page 7
Post-audit Answer: e Diff: E
35. The post-audit is used to

a. Improve cash flow forecasts.

b. Stimulate management to improve operations and bring results into
line with forecasts.
c. Eliminate potentially profitable but risky projects.
d. All of the answers above are correct.
e. Answers a and b are correct.

Project selection Answer: e Diff: E

36. Your company has a cost of capital equal to 10%. If the following
projects are mutually exclusive, and you only have the information that
is provided, which should you accept?

A B C E
Payback (years) 1 5 2 5
IRR 18% 20% 20% 12%
NPV (Millions) $40 $75 $35 $100

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. B and C
e. E

IRR Answer: b Diff: E

37. Project A has an IRR of 15 percent. Project B has an IRR of 18
percent. Both projects have the same risk. Which of the following
statements is most correct?

a. If the WACC is 10 percent, both projects will have a positive NPV,

and the NPV of Project B will exceed the NPV of Project A.
b. If the WACC is 15 percent, the NPV of Project B will exceed the NPV
of Project A.
c. If the WACC is less than 18 percent, Project B will always have a
shorter payback than Project A.
d. If the WACC is greater than 18 percent, Project B will always have a
shorter payback than Project A.
e. If the WACC increases, the IRR of both projects will decline.

NPV, IRR, and MIRR Answer: b Diff: E

38. A project has an up-front cost of $100,000. The project’s WACC is 12
percent and its net present value is $10,000. Which of the following
statements is most correct?

a. The project should be rejected since its return is less than the
WACC.
b. The project’s internal rate of return is greater than 12 percent.
c. The project’s modified internal rate of return is less than 12
percent.
d. All of the above answers are correct.
e. None of the above answers is correct.

Chapter 12 - Page 8
Medium:
NPV profiles Answer: b Diff: M
39. Projects L and S each have an initial cost of $10,000, followed by a
series of positive cash inflows. Project L has total, undiscounted
cash inflows of $16,000, while S has total undiscounted inflows of
$15,000. Further, at a discount rate of 10 percent, the two projects
have identical NPVs. Which project's NPV will be more sensitive to
changes in the discount rate? (Hint: Projects with steeper NPV
profiles are more sensitive to discount rate changes.)

a. Project S.
b. Project L.
c. Both projects are equally sensitive to changes in the discount rate
since their NPVs are equal at all costs of capital.
d. Neither project is sensitive to changes in the discount rate, since
both have NPV profiles which are horizontal.
e. The solution cannot be determined unless the timing of the cash
flows is known.

NPV profiles Answer: a Diff: M

40. Two mutually exclusive projects each have a cost of $10,000. The
total, undiscounted cash flows from Project L are $15,000, while the
undiscounted cash flows from Project S total $13,000. Their NPV
profiles cross at a discount rate of 10 percent. Which of the
following statements best describes this situation?

a. The NPV and IRR methods will select the same project if the cost of
capital is greater than 10 percent; for example, 18 percent.
b. The NPV and IRR methods will select the same project if the cost of
capital is less than 10 percent; for example, 8 percent.
c. To determine if a ranking conflict will occur between the two
projects the cost of capital is needed as well as an additional
piece of information.
d. Project L should be selected at any cost of capital, because it has
a higher IRR.
e. Project S should be selected at any cost of capital, because it has
a higher IRR.

Chapter 12 - Page 9
NPV and IRR Answer: c Diff: M
41. Assume that you are comparing two mutually exclusive projects. Which
of the following statements is most correct?

a. The NPV and IRR rules will always lead to the same decision unless
one or both of the projects are "non-normal" in the sense of having
only one change of sign in the cash flow stream, i.e., one or more
initial cash outflows (the investment) followed by a series of cash
inflows.
b. If a conflict exists between the NPV and the IRR, the conflict can
always be eliminated by dropping the IRR and replacing it with the
MIRR.
c. There will be a meaningful (as opposed to irrelevant) conflict only
if the projects' NPV profiles cross, and even then, only if the cost
of capital is to the left of (or lower than) the discount rate at
which the crossover occurs.
d. Statements a, b, and c are true.

NPV and IRR Answer: a Diff: M

42. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a. Assuming a project has normal cash flows, the NPV will be positive
if the IRR is less than the cost of capital.
b. If the multiple IRR problem does not exist, any independent project
acceptable by the NPV method will also be acceptable by the IRR
method.
c. If IRR = r (the cost of capital), then NPV = 0.
d. NPV can be negative if the IRR is positive.
e. The NPV method is not affected by the multiple IRR problem.

NPV, IRR, and MIRR Answer: a Diff: M

43. Which of the following statements is most correct?

a. If a project with normal cash flows has an IRR which exceeds the
cost of capital, then the project must have a positive NPV.
b. If the IRR of Project A exceeds the IRR of Project B, then Project A
must also have a higher NPV.
c. The modified internal rate of return (MIRR) can never exceed the
IRR.
d. Answers a and c are correct.
e. None of the answers above is correct.

NPV, IRR, and MIRR Answer: c Diff: M

44. Which of the following statements is most correct?

a. The MIRR method will always arrive at the same conclusion as the NPV
method.
b. The MIRR method can overcome the multiple IRR problem, while the NPV
method cannot.
c. The MIRR method uses a more reasonable assumption about reinvestment
rates than the IRR method.
d. Statements a and c are correct.
e. All of the above statements are correct.

Chapter 12 - Page 10
NPV, IRR, and MIRR Answer: b Diff: M
45. Assume a project has normal cash flows (that is, the initial cash flow
is negative, and all other cash flows are positive). Which of the
following statements is most correct?

a. All else equal, a project's IRR increases as the cost of capital

declines.
b. All else equal, a project's NPV increases as the cost of capital
declines.
c. All else equal, a project's MIRR is unaffected by changes in the
cost of capital.
d. Answers a and b are correct.
e. Answers b and c are correct.

NPV, IRR, and payback Answer: e Diff: M

46. Project X has an internal rate of return of 20 percent. Project Y has
an internal rate of return of 15 percent. Both projects have a
positive net present value. Which of the following statements is most
correct?

a. Project X must have a higher net present value than Project Y.

b. If the two projects have the same WACC, Project X must have a higher
net present value.
c. Project X must have a shorter payback than Project Y.
d. Both answers b and c are correct.
e. None of the above answers is correct.

IRR Answer: e Diff: M

47. The internal rate of return of a capital investment

a. Changes when the cost of capital changes.

b. Is equal to the annual net cash flows divided by one half of the
project's cost when the cash flows are an annuity.
c. Must exceed the cost of capital in order for the firm to accept the
investment.
d. Is similar to the yield to maturity on a bond.
e. Answers c and d are correct.

Modified IRR Answer: e Diff: M

48. Which of the following statements is most correct? The modified IRR
(MIRR) method:

a. Always leads to the same ranking decision as NPV for independent

projects.
b. Overcomes the problem of multiple rates of return.
c. Compounds cash flows at the cost of capital.
d. Overcomes the problems of cash flow timing and project size that
lead to criticism of the regular IRR method.
e. Answers b and c are correct.

Chapter 12 - Page 11
Ranking methods Answer: b Diff: M
49. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Because discounted payback takes account of the cost of capital, a

project's discounted payback is normally shorter than its regular
payback.
b. The NPV and IRR methods use the same basic equation, but in the NPV
method the discount rate is specified and the equation is solved for
NPV, while in the IRR method the NPV is set equal to zero and the
discount rate is found.
c. If the cost of capital is less than the crossover rate for two
mutually exclusive projects' NPV profiles, a NPV/IRR conflict will
not occur.
d. If you are choosing between two projects which have the same life,
and if their NPV profiles cross, then the smaller project will
probably be the one with the steeper NPV profile.
e. If the cost of capital is relatively high, this will favor larger,
longer-term projects over smaller, shorter-term alternatives because
it is good to earn high rates on larger amounts over longer periods.

Ranking methods Answer: e Diff: M

50. In comparing two mutually exclusive projects of equal size and equal
life, which of the following statements is most correct?

a. The project with the higher NPV may not always be the project with
the higher IRR.
b. The project with the higher NPV may not always be the project with
the higher MIRR.
c. The project with the higher IRR may not always be the project with
the higher MIRR.
d. All of the answers above are correct.
e. Answers a and c are correct.

Miscellaneous concepts Answer: e Diff: M

51. Which of the following is most correct?

a. The NPV and IRR rules will always lead to the same decision in
choosing between mutually exclusive projects, unless one or both of
the projects are “non-normal” in the sense of having only one change
of sign in the cash flow stream.
b. The Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) compounds cash outflows
at the cost of capital.
c. Conflicts between NPV and IRR rules arise in choosing between two
mutually exclusive projects (that each have normal cash flows) when
the cost of capital exceeds the crossover point (that is, the point
at which the NPV profiles cross).
d. The discounted payback method overcomes the problems that the
payback method has with cash flows occurring after the payback
period.
e. None of the statements above is correct.

Chapter 12 - Page 12
Miscellaneous concepts Answer: e Diff: M
52. Which of the following statements is most correct?

a. The IRR method is appealing to some managers because it produces a

rate of return upon which to base decisions rather than a dollar
amount like the NPV method.
b. The discounted payback method solves all the problems associated
with the payback method.
c. For independent projects, the decision to accept or reject will
always be the same using either the IRR method or the NPV method.
d. All of the statements above are correct.
e. Statements a and c are correct.

Miscellaneous concepts Answer: a Diff: M

53. Which of the following statements is most correct?

a. One of the disadvantages of choosing between mutually exclusive

projects on the basis of the discounted payback method is that you
might choose the project with the faster payback period but with the
lower total return.
b. Multiple IRRs can occur in cases when project cash flows are normal,
but they are more common in cases where project cash flows are
nonnormal.
c. When choosing between mutually exclusive projects, managers should
accept all projects with IRRs greater than the weighted average cost
of capital.
d. All of the statements above are correct.
e. Two of the statements above are correct.

Miscellaneous concepts Answer: a Diff: M

54. Normal projects C and D are mutually exclusive. Project C has a higher
net present value if the WACC is less than 12 percent, whereas Project
D has a higher net present value if the WACC exceeds 12 percent. Both
projects have a positive NPV if the WACC is 12 percent. Which of the
following statements is most correct?

a. Project D has a higher internal rate of return.

b. Project D is probably larger in scale than Project C.
c. Project C probably has a faster payback.
d. All of the statements above are correct.
e. Answers a and c are correct.

Project selection Answer: a Diff: M

55. A company estimates that its weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is
10 percent. Which of the following independent projects should the
company accept?

a. Project A requires an up-front expenditure of $1,000,000 and

generates a net present value of $3,200.
b. Project B has a modified internal rate of return of 9.5 percent.
c. Project C requires an up-front expenditure of $1,000,000 and
generates a positive internal rate of return of 9.7 percent.
d. Project D has an internal rate of return of 9.5 percent.
e. None of the projects above should be accepted.

Chapter 12 - Page 13
Tough:
NPV profiles Answer: b Diff: T
56. Your assistant has just completed an analysis of two mutually exclusive
projects. You must now take her report to a board of directors meeting
and present the alternatives for the board's consideration. To help
you with your presentation, your assistant also constructed a graph
with NPV profiles for the two projects. However, she forgot to label
the profiles, so you do not know which line applies to which project.
Of the following statements regarding the profiles, which one is most
reasonable?

a. If the two projects have the same investment cost, and if their NPV
profiles cross once in the upper right quadrant, at a discount rate
of 40 percent, this suggests that a NPV versus IRR conflict is not
likely to exist.
b. If the two projects' NPV profiles cross once, in the upper left
quadrant, at a discount rate of minus 10 percent, then there will
probably not be a NPV versus IRR conflict, irrespective of the
relative sizes of the two projects, in any meaningful, practical
sense (that is, a conflict which will affect the actual investment
decision).
c. If one of the projects has a NPV profile which crosses the X-axis
twice, hence the project appears to have two IRRs, your assistant
must have made a mistake.
d. Whenever a conflict between NPV and IRR exist, then, if the two
projects have the same initial cost, the one with the steeper NPV
profile probably has less rapid cash flows. However, if they have
identical cash flow patterns, then the one with the steeper profile
probably has the lower initial cost.
e. If the two projects both have a single outlay at t = 0, followed by
a series of positive cash inflows, and if their NPV profiles cross
in the lower left quadrant, then one of the projects should be
accepted, and both would be accepted if they were not mutually
exclusive.

NPV, IRR, and MIRR Answer: c Diff: T

57. Which of the following statements is most correct?

a. When dealing with independent projects, discounted payback (using a

payback requirement of 3 or less years), NPV, IRR, and modified IRR
always lead to the same accept/reject decisions for a given project.
b. When dealing with mutually exclusive projects, the NPV and modified
IRR methods always rank projects the same, but those rankings can
conflict with rankings produced by the discounted payback and the
regular IRR methods.
c. Multiple rates of return are possible with the regular IRR method
but not with the modified IRR method, and this fact is one reason
given by the textbook for favoring MIRR (or modified IRR) over IRR.
d. Statements a, b, and c are false.
e. Statements a and c are true.

Chapter 12 - Page 14
NPV, IRR, and MIRR Answer: a Diff: T
58. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. There can never be a conflict between NPV and IRR decisions if the
decision is related to a normal, independent project, i.e., NPV will
never indicate acceptance if IRR indicates rejection.
b. To find the MIRR, we first compound CFs at the regular IRR to find
the TV, and then we discount the TV at the cost of capital to find
the PV.
c. The NPV and IRR methods both assume that cash flows are reinvested
at the cost of capital. However, the MIRR method assumes
reinvestment at the MIRR itself.
d. If you are choosing between two projects which have the same cost,
and if their NPV profiles cross, then the project with the higher
IRR probably has more of its cash flows coming in the later years.
e. A change in the cost of capital would normally change both a
project's NPV and its IRR.

Choosing among mutually exclusive projects Answer: c Diff: T

59. Project A has an internal rate of return of 18 percent, while Project B
has an internal rate of return of 16 percent. However, if the
company’s cost of capital (WACC) is 12 percent, Project B has a higher
net present value. Which of the following statements is most correct?

a. The crossover rate for the two projects is less than 12 percent.
b. Assuming the timing of the two projects is the same, Project A is
probably of larger scale than Project B.
c. Assuming that the two projects have the same scale, Project A
probably has a faster payback than Project B.
d. Answers a and b are correct.
e. Answers b and c are correct.

Multiple Choice: Problems

Easy:
Payback period Answer: b Diff: E
60. The Seattle Corporation has been presented with an investment
opportunity which will yield cash flows of $30,000 per year in Years 1
through 4, $35,000 per year in Years 5 through 9, and $40,000 in Year
10. This investment will cost the firm $150,000 today, and the firm's
cost of capital is 10 percent. Assume cash flows occur evenly during
the year, 1/365th each day. What is the payback period for this
investment?

a. 5.23 years
b. 4.86 years
c. 4.00 years
d. 6.12 years
e. 4.35 years

Chapter 12 - Page 15
NPV Answer: a Diff: E
61. As the director of capital budgeting for Denver Corporation, you are
evaluating two mutually exclusive projects with the following net cash
flows:

Project X Project Z
Year Cash Flow Cash Flow
0 -$100,000 -$100,000
1 50,000 10,000
2 40,000 30,000
3 30,000 40,000
4 10,000 60,000

If Denver's cost of capital is 15 percent, which project would you

choose?

a. Neither project.
b. Project X, since it has the higher IRR.
c. Project Z, since it has the higher NPV.
d. Project X, since it has the higher NPV.
e. Project Z, since it has the higher IRR.

NPV Answer: a Diff: E

62. Two projects being considered are mutually exclusive and have the
following projected cash flows:

Project A Project B
Year Cash Flow Cash Flow
0 -$50,000 -$50,000
1 15,625 0
2 15,625 0
3 15,625 0
4 15,625 0
5 15,625 99,500

If the required rate of return on these projects is 10 percent, which

would be chosen and why?

a. Project B because it has the higher NPV.

b. Project B because it has the higher IRR.
c. Project A because it has the higher NPV.
d. Project A because it has the higher IRR.
e. Neither, because both have IRRs less than the cost of capital.

Chapter 12 - Page 16
Medium:
Payback period Answer: c Diff: M
63. Michigan Mattress Company is considering the purchase of land and the
construction of a new plant. The land, which would be bought
immediately (at t = 0), has a cost of $100,000 and the building, which
would be erected at the end of the first year (t = 1), would cost
$500,000. It is estimated that the firm's after-tax cash flow will be
increased by $100,000 starting at the end of the second year, and that
this incremental flow would increase at a 10 percent rate annually over
the next 10 years. What is the approximate payback period?

a. 2 years
b. 4 years
c. 6 years
d. 8 years
e. 10 years

Payback period Answer: c Diff: M

64. Haig Aircraft is considering a project which has an up-front cost paid
today at t = 0. The project will generate positive cash flows of
$60,000 a year at the end of each of the next five years. The
project’s NPV is $75,000 and the company’s WACC is 10 percent. What
is the project’s simple, regular payback?

a. 3.22 years
b. 1.56 years
c. 2.54 years
d. 2.35 years
e. 4.16 years

Discounted payback Answer: e Diff: M

65. Lloyd Enterprises has a project which has the following cash flows:

Year Cash Flow

0 -$200,000
1 50,000
2 100,000
3 150,000
4 40,000
5 25,000

The cost of capital is 10 percent. What is the project's discounted

payback?

a. 1.8763 years
b. 2.0000 years
c. 2.3333 years
d. 2.4793 years
e. 2.6380 years

Chapter 12 - Page 17
Discounted payback Answer: b Diff: M
66. Polk Products is considering an investment project with the following
cash flows:

Year Cash Flow

0 -$100,000
1 40,000
2 90,000
3 30,000
4 60,000

The company has a 10 percent cost of capital. What is the project’s

discounted payback?

a. 1.67 years
b. 1.86 years
c. 2.11 years
d. 2.49 years
e. 2.67 years

Discounted payback Answer: d Diff: M

67. Davis Corporation is faced with two independent investment
opportunities. The corporation has an investment policy which requires
acceptable projects to recover all costs within 3 years. The
corporation uses the discounted payback method to assess potential
projects and utilizes a discount rate of 10 percent. The cash flows
for the two projects are:

Project A Project B
Year Cash Flow Cash Flow
0 -$100,000 -$80,000
1 40,000 50,000
2 40,000 20,000
3 40,000 30,000
4 30,000 0

Which investment project(s) does the company invest in?

a. Project A only.
b. Neither Project A nor Project B.
c. Project A and Project B.
d. Project B only.

Chapter 12 - Page 18
NPV Answer: d Diff: M
68. The Seattle Corporation has been presented with an investment
opportunity which will yield end-of-year cash flows of $30,000 per year
in Years 1 through 4, $35,000 per year in Years 5 through 9, and
$40,000 in Year 10. This investment will cost the firm $150,000 today,
and the firm's cost of capital is 10 percent. What is the NPV for this
investment?

a. $135,984
b. $ 18,023
c. $219,045
d. $ 51,138
e. $ 92,146

NPV Answer: b Diff: M

69. You are considering the purchase of an investment that would pay you
$5,000 per year for Years 1-5, $3,000 per year for Years 6-8, and
$2,000 per year for Years 9 and 10. If you require a 14 percent rate
of return, and the cash flows occur at the end of each year, then how
much should you be willing to pay for this investment?

a. $15,819.27
b. $21,937.26
c. $32,415.85
d. $38,000.00
e. $52,815.71

NPV and payback Answer: b Diff: M

70. Shannon Industries is considering a project which has the following
cash flows:

Year Cash Flow

0 ?
1 $2,000
2 3,000
3 3,000
4 1,500

The project has a payback of 2.5 years. The firm’s cost of capital is
12 percent. What is the project’s net present value NPV?

a. $ 577.68
b. $ 765.91
c. $1,049.80
d. $2,761.32
e. $3,765.91

Chapter 12 - Page 19
Modified IRR Answer: d Diff: M
71. Alyeska Salmon Inc., a large salmon canning firm operating out of
Valdez, Alaska, has a new automated production line project it is
considering. The project has a cost of $275,000 and is expected to
provide after-tax annual cash flows of $73,306 for eight years. The
firm's management is uncomfortable with the IRR reinvestment assumption
and prefers the modified IRR approach. You have calculated a cost of
capital for the firm of 12 percent. What is the project's MIRR?

a. 15.0%
b. 14.0%
c. 12.0%
d. 16.0%
e. 17.0%

MIRR and CAPM Answer: d Diff: M

72. Below are the returns of Nulook Cosmetics and "the market" over a
three-year period:

Year Nulook Market

1 9% 6%
2 15 10
3 36 24

Nulook finances internally using only retained earnings, and it uses

the Capital Asset Pricing Model with a historical beta to determine its
cost of equity. Currently, the risk-free rate is 7 percent, and the
estimated market risk premium is 6 percent. Nulook is evaluating a
project which has a cost today of $2,028 and will provide estimated
cash inflows of $1,000 at the end of the next 3 years. What is this
project's MIRR?

a. 12.4%
b. 16.0%
c. 17.5%
d. 20.0%
e. 22.9%

Before-tax cash flows Answer: b Diff: M

73. Scott Corporation's new project calls for an investment of $10,000. It
has an estimated life of 10 years. The IRR has been calculated to be
15 percent. If cash flows are evenly distributed and the tax rate is
40 percent, what is the annual before-tax cash flow each year? (Assume
depreciation is a negligible amount.)

a. $1,993
b. $3,321
c. $1,500
d. $4,983
e. $5,019

Chapter 12 - Page 20
Tough:
Multiple IRRs Answer: c Diff: T
74. Two fellow financial analysts are evaluating a project with the
following net cash flows:

Year Cash Flow

0 -$ 10,000
1 100,000
2 -100,000

One analyst says that the project has an IRR of between 12 and 13
percent. The other analyst calculates an IRR of just under 800
percent, but fears his calculator's battery is low and may have caused
an error. You agree to settle the dispute by analyzing the project cash
flows. Which statement best describes the IRR for this project?

a. There is a single IRR of approximately 12.7 percent.

b. This project has no IRR, because the NPV profile does not cross the
X axis.
c. There are multiple IRRs of approximately 12.7 percent and 787
percent.
d. This project has two imaginary IRRs.
e. There are an infinite number of IRRs between 12.5 percent and 790
percent that can define the IRR for this project.

Chapter 12 - Page 21
 Financial Calculator Section

Multiple Choice: Problems

Easy:
IRR Answer: c Diff: E
75. The capital budgeting director of Sparrow Corporation is evaluating a
project which costs $200,000, is expected to last for 10 years and
produce after-tax cash flows, including depreciation, of $44,503 per
year. If the firm's cost of capital is 14 percent and its tax rate is
40 percent, what is the project's IRR?

a. 8%
b. 14%
c. 18%
d. -5%
e. 12%
IRR Answer: c Diff: E
76. An insurance firm agrees to pay you $3,310 at the end of 20 years if
you pay premiums of $100 per year at the end of each year for 20 years.
Find the internal rate of return to the nearest whole percentage point.

a. 9%
b. 7%
c. 5%
d. 3%
e. 11%

IRR and mutually exclusive projects Answer: d Diff: E

77. A company is analyzing two mutually exclusive projects, S and L, whose
cash flows are shown below:

Years 0 r = 12% 1 2 3
| | | |
S -1,100 1,000 350 50
L -1,100 0 300 1,500

The company's cost of capital is 12 percent, and it can get an

unlimited amount of capital at that cost. What is the regular IRR (not
MIRR) of the better project, i.e., the project which the company should
choose if it wants to maximize its stock price?

a. 12.00%
b. 15.53%
c. 18.62%
d. 19.08%
e. 20.46%

Chapter 12 - Page 22
NPV and IRR Answer: b Diff: E
78. Your company is choosing between the following non-repeatable, equally
risky, mutually exclusive projects with the cash flows shown below.
Your cost of capital is 10 percent. How much value will your firm
sacrifice if it selects the project with the higher IRR?

Project S: 0 r = 10% 1 2 3
| | | |
-1,000 500 500 500

Project L: 0 r = 10% 1 2 3 4 5
| | | | | |
-2,000 668.76 668.76 668.76 668.76 668.76

a. $243.43
b. $291.70
c. $332.50
d. $481.15
e. $535.13

NPV and IRR Answer: e Diff: E

79. Green Grocers is deciding among two mutually exclusive projects. The
two projects have the following cash flows:

Project A Project B
Year Cash Flow Cash Flow
0 -$50,000 -$30,000
1 10,000 6,000
2 15,000 12,000
3 40,000 18,000
4 20,000 12,000

The company’s cost of capital is 10 percent (WACC = 10%). What is the

net present value (NPV) of the project with the highest internal rate
of return (IRR)?

a. $ 7,090
b. $ 8,360
c. $11,450
d. $12,510
e. $15,200

Chapter 12 - Page 23
NPV, IRR, and payback Answer: d Diff: E
80. Braun Industries is considering an investment project which has the
following cash flows:

Year Cash Flow

0 -$1,000
1 400
2 300
3 500
4 400

The company’s WACC is 10 percent. What is the project’s payback,

internal rate of return, and net present value?

a. Payback = 2.4, IRR = 10.00%, NPV = $600.

b. Payback = 2.4, IRR = 21.22%, NPV = $260.
c. Payback = 2.6, IRR = 21.22%, NPV = $300.
d. Payback = 2.6, IRR = 21.22%, NPV = $260.
e. Payback = 2.6, IRR = 24.12%, NPV = $300.

Replacement chain Answer: d Diff: E

81. Vanderheiden Inc. is considering two average-risk alternative ways of
producing its patented polo shirts. Process S has a cost of $8,000 and
will produce net cash flows of $5,000 per year for 2 years. Process L
will cost $11,500 and will produce cash flows of $4,000 per year for 4
years. The company has a contract that requires it to produce the
shirts for 4 years, but the patent will expire after 4 years, so the
shirts will not be produced after 4 years. Inflation is expected to be
zero during the next 4 years. If cash inflows occur at the end of each
year, and if Vanderheiden's cost of capital is 10 percent, by what
amount will the better project increase Vanderheiden's value?

a. $ 677.69
b. $1,098.89
c. $1,179.46
d. $1,237.76
e. $1,312.31

Medium:
NPV, IRR, and Sunk Costs Answer: d Diff: M
82. A company just paid $10 million for a feasibility study. If the
company goes ahead with the project, it must immediately spend another
$100 million now, and then spend $20 million in one year. In two years
it will receive $80 million, and in three years it will receive $90
million. If the cost of capital for the project is 11 percent, what
are the project’s NPV and IRR?

a. NPV = $2.72 million; IRR = Two positive IRRs.

b. NPV = $2.72 million; IRR = 16%.
c. NPV = $12.72 million; IRR = Two positive IRRs.
d. NPV = $12.72 million; IRR = 16%.
e. None of the above.

Chapter 12 - Page 24
Mutually exclusive projects Answer: b Diff: M
83. Two projects being considered by a firm are mutually exclusive and have
the following projected cash flows:

Project A Project B
Year Cash Flow Cash Flow
0 ($100,000) ($100,000)
1 39,500 0
2 39,500 0
3 39,500 133,000

Based only on the information given, which of the two projects would be
preferred, and why?

a. Project A, because it has a shorter payback period.

b. Project B, because it has a higher IRR.
c. Indifferent, because the projects have equal IRRs.
d. Include both in the capital budget, since the sum of the cash
inflows exceeds the initial investment in both cases.
e. Choose neither, since their NPVs are negative.

IRR Answer: d Diff: M

84. Genuine Products Inc. requires a new machine. Two companies have
submitted bids, and you have been assigned the task of choosing one of
the machines. Cash flow analysis indicates the following:

Machine A Machine B
Year Cash Flow Cash Flow
0 -$2,000 -$2,000
1 0 832
2 0 832
3 0 832
4 3,877 832

What is the internal rate of return for each machine?

a. IRRA = 16%; IRRB = 20%

b. IRRA = 24%; IRRB = 20%
c. IRRA = 18%; IRRB = 16%
d. IRRA = 18%; IRRB = 24%
e. IRRA = 24%; IRRB = 26%

Chapter 12 - Page 25
IRR Answer: c Diff: M
85. Whitney Crane Inc. has the following independent investment
opportunities for the coming year:

Annual Life
Project Cost Cash Inflows (Years) IRR
A $10,000 $11,800 1
B 5,000 3,075 2 15
C 12,000 5,696 3
D 3,000 1,009 4 13

The IRRs for Projects A and C, respectively, are:

a. 16% and 14%

b. 18% and 10%
c. 18% and 20%
d. 18% and 13%
e. 16% and 13%

NPV and IRR Answer: a Diff: M

86. A company is analyzing two mutually exclusive projects, S and L, whose
cash flows are shown below:

Years 0 1 2 3 4
S -1,100 900 350 50 10
L -1,100 0 300 500 850

The company's cost of capital is 12 percent, and it can get an

unlimited amount of capital at that cost. What is the regular IRR (not
MIRR) of the better project? (Hint: Note that the better project may
or may not be the one with the higher IRR.)

a. 13.09%
b. 12.00%
c. 17.46%
d. 13.88%
e. 12.53%

IRR of uneven CF stream Answer: d Diff: M

87. Your company is planning to open a new gold mine which will cost $3
million to build, with the expenditure occurring at the end of the year
three years from today. The mine will bring year-end after-tax cash
inflows of $2 million at the end of the two succeeding years, and then
it will cost $0.5 million to close down the mine at the end of the
third year of operation. What is this project's IRR?

a. 14.36%
b. 10.17%
c. 17.42%
d. 12.70%
e. 21.53%

Chapter 12 - Page 26
IRR of uneven CF stream Answer: e Diff: M
88. As the capital budgeting director for Chapel Hill Coffins Company, you
are evaluating construction of a new plant. The plant has a net cost
of $5 million in Year 0 (today), and it will provide net cash inflows
of $1 million at the end of Year 1, $1.5 million at the end of Year 2,
and $2 million at the end of Years 3 through 5. Within what range is
the plant's IRR?

a. 14 - 15%
b. 15 - 16%
c. 16 - 17%
d. 17 - 18%
e. 18 - 19%

Modified IRR Answer: e Diff: M

89. Capitol City Transfer Company is considering building a new terminal in
Salt Lake City. If the company goes ahead with the project, it must
spend $1 million immediately (at t = 0) and another $1 million at the
end of Year 1 (t = 1). It will then receive net cash flows of $0.5
million at the end of Years 2 - 5, and it expects to sell the property
and net $1 million at the end of Year 6. All cash inflows and outflows
are after taxes. The company's cost of capital is 12 percent, and it
uses the modified IRR criterion for capital budgeting decisions. What
is the project's modified IRR (MIRR)?

a. 11.9%
b. 12.0%
c. 11.4%
d. 11.5%
e. 11.7%

Modified IRR Answer: b Diff: M

90. Houston Inc. is considering a project which involves building a new
refrigerated warehouse which will cost $7,000,000 at t = 0 and which is
expected to have operating cash flows of $500,000 at the end of each of
the next 20 years. However, repairs which will cost $1,000,000 must be
incurred at the end of the 10th year. Thus, at the end of Year 10
there will be a $500,000 operating cash inflow and an outflow of -
$1,000,000 for repairs. If Houston's cost of capital is 12 percent,
what is the project's MIRR? (Hint: Think carefully about the MIRR
equation and the treatment of cash outflows.)

a. 7.75%
b. 8.29%
c. 9.81%
d. 11.45%
e. 12.33%

Chapter 12 - Page 27
Modified IRR Answer: e Diff: M
91. Martin Manufacturers is considering a five-year investment which costs
$100,000. The investment will produce cash flows of $25,000 each year
for the first two years (t = 1 and t = 2), $50,000 a year for each of
the remaining three years (t = 3, t = 4, and t = 5). The company has a
cost of capital of 12 percent. What is the MIRR of the investment?

a. 12.10%
b. 14.33%
c. 16.00%
d. 18.25%
e. 19.45%

Modified IRR Answer: b Diff: M

92. Acheson Aluminum is considering a project with the following cash
flows. Cash flows in parentheses denote negative cash flows.

Year Cash Flow

0 ($200,000)
1 125,000
2 140,000
3 (50,000)
4 100,000

Acheson’s WACC is 10 percent. What is the project’s modified internal

rate of return (MIRR)?

a. 17.95%
b. 16.38%
c. 14.90%
d. 15.23%
e. 12.86%

Modified IRR Answer: d Diff: M

93. Belanger Construction is considering the following project. The
project has an up-front cost and will also generate the following
subsequent cash flows:

t = 1 $400
t = 2 500
t = 3 200

The project’s payback is 1.5 years, and it has a cost of capital of 10

percent. What is the project’s modified internal rate of return
(MIRR)?

a. 10.00%
b. 19.65%
c. 21.54%
d. 23.82%
e. 14.75%

Chapter 12 - Page 28
MIRR and IRR Answer: e Diff: M
94. Jones Company's new truck has a cost of $20,000, and it will produce
end-of-year net cash inflows of $7,000 per year for 5 years. The cost
of capital for an average-risk project like the truck is 8 percent.
What is the sum of the project's IRR and its MIRR?

a. 15.48%
b. 18.75%
c. 26.11%
d. 34.23%
e. 37.59%

MIRR and IRR Answer: b Diff: M

95. Florida Phosphate is considering a project which involves opening a new
mine at a cost of $10,000,000 at t = 0. The project is expected to
have operating cash flows of $5,000,000 at the end of each of the next
4 years. However, the facility will have to be repaired at a cost of
$6,000,000 at the end of the second year. Thus, at the end of Year 2
there will be a $5,000,000 operating cash inflow and an outflow of -
$6,000,000 for repairs. The company's cost of capital is 15 percent.
What is the difference between the project's MIRR and its regular IRR?

a. 0.00%
b. 0.51%
c. 3.40%
d. 9.65%
e. 13.78%

NPV profiles Answer: d Diff: M

96. The following cash flows are estimated for two mutually exclusive
projects:

Project A Project B
Year Cash Flow Cash Flow
0 -$100,000 -$110,000
1 60,000 20,000
2 40,000 40,000
3 20,000 40,000
4 10,000 50,000

When is Project B more lucrative than Project A? (That is, over what
range of costs of capital (r) does Project B have a higher NPV than
Project A?) (Choose the best answer.)

a. For all values of r less than 7.25%.

b. Project B is always more profitable than Project A.
c. Project A is always more profitable than Project B.
d. For all values of r less than 6.57%.
e. For all values of r greater than 6.57%.

Chapter 12 - Page 29
Crossover rate Answer: b Diff: M
97. McCarver Inc. is considering the following mutually exclusive projects:

Project A Project B
Year Cash Flow Cash Flow
0 -$5,000 -$5,000
1 200 3,000
2 800 3,000
3 3,000 800
4 5,000 200

At what cost of capital will the net present value of the two projects
be the same? (That is, what is the “crossover” rate?)

a. 15.68%
b. 16.15%
c. 16.25%
d. 17.72%
e. 17.80%

Crossover rate Answer: b Diff: M

98. Martin Fillmore is a big football star who has been offered contracts
by two different teams. The payments (in millions of dollars) he
receives under the two contracts are listed below:

Team A Team B
Year Cash Flow Cash Flow
0 $8.0 $2.5
1 4.0 4.0
2 4.0 4.0
3 4.0 8.0
4 4.0 8.0

Fillmore is committed to accepting the contract which provides him with

the highest net present value (NPV). At what discount rate would he be
indifferent between the two contracts?

a. 10.85%
b. 11.35%
c. 16.49%
d. 19.67%
e. 21.03%

Chapter 12 - Page 30
Crossover rate Answer: b Diff: M
99. Shelby Inc. is considering two projects which have the following cash
flows:
Project 1 Project 2
Year Cash Flow Cash Flow
0 -$2,000 -$1,900
1 500 1,100
2 700 900
3 800 800
4 1,000 600
5 1,100 400

At what cost of capital would the two projects have the same net
present value?

a. 4.73%
b. 5.85%
c. 5.98%
d. 6.40%
e. 6.70%

Crossover rate Answer: d Diff: M

100. Jackson Jets is considering two mutually exclusive projects. The
projects have the following cash flows:

Project A Project B
Year Cash Flow Cash Flow
0 -$10,000 -$8,000
1 1,000 7,000
2 2,000 1,000
3 6,000 1,000
4 6,000 1,000

At what cost of capital do the two projects have the same net present
value? (That is, what is the crossover rate?)

a. 11.20%
b. 12.26%
c. 12.84%
d. 13.03%
e. 14.15%

Chapter 12 - Page 31
Crossover rate Answer: c Diff: M
101. Midway Motors is considering two mutually exclusive projects, Project A
and Project B. The projects are of equal risk and have the following
cash flows:

Project A Project B
Year Cash Flows Cash Flows
0 -$100,000 -$100,000
1 40,000 30,000
2 25,000 15,000
3 70,000 80,000
4 40,000 55,000

At what WACC would the two projects have the same NPV?

a. 10.33%
b. 13.95%
c. 11.21%
d. 25.11%
e. 14.49%

Crossover rate Answer: d Diff: M

102. Robinson Robotics is considering two mutually exclusive projects,
Project A and Project B. The projects have the following cash flows:

Project A Project B
Year Cash Flow Cash Flow
0 -$200 -$300
1 20 90
2 30 70
3 40 60
4 50 50
5 60 40

At what cost of capital would the two projects have the same net
present value (NPV)?

a. 12.69%
b. 8.45%
c. 10.32%
d. 9.32%
e. -47.96%

Chapter 12 - Page 32
Replacement chain Answer: c Diff: M
103. Doherty Industries wants to invest in a new computer system. The
company only wants to invest in one system, and has narrowed the choice
down to System A and System B.

System A requires an up-front cost of $100,000 and then generates

positive after-tax cash flows of $60,000 at the end of each of the next
two years. The system can be replaced every two years with the cash
inflows and outflows remaining the same.

System B also requires an up-front cost of $100,000 and then generates

positive after-tax cash flows of $48,000 at the end of each of the next
three years. System B can be replaced every three years, but each time
the system is replaced, both the cash inflows and outflows increase by
10 percent.

The company needs a computer system for the six years, after which time
the current owners plan on retiring and liquidating the firm. The
company's cost of capital is 11 percent. What is the NPV (on a six-
year extended basis) of the system which creates the most value to the
company?

a. $ 17,298.30
b. $ 22,634.77
c. $ 31,211.52
d. $ 38,523.43
e. $103,065.82

Replacement chain Answer: e Diff: M

104. Johnson Jets is considering two mutually exclusive machines. Machine A
has an up-front cost of $100,000 (CF0 = -100,000), and produces positive
after-tax cash inflows of $40,000 a year at the end of each of the next
six years.

Machine B has an up-front cost of $50,000(CF0 = -50,000) and produces

after-tax cash inflows of $30,000 a year at the end of the next three
years. After three years, machine B can be replaced at a cost of
$55,000 (paid at t = 3). The replacement machine will produce after-
tax cash inflows of $32,000 a year for three years (inflows received at
t = 4, 5, and 6).

The company’s cost of capital is 10.5 percent. What is the net present
value (on a six-year extended basis) of the most profitable machine?

a. $23,950
b. $41,656
c. $56,238
d. $62,456
e. $71,687

Chapter 12 - Page 33
Replacement chain Answer: d Diff: M
105. A small manufacturer is considering two alternative machines. Machine
A costs $1 million, has an expected life of 5 years, and generates
after-tax cash flows of $350,000 per year. At the end of 5 years, the
salvage value of the original machine is zero, but the company will be
able to purchase another Machine A at a cost of $1.2 million. The
second Machine A will generate after-tax cash flows of $375,000 a year
for another 5 years at which time its salvage value will again be zero.
Alternatively, the company can buy Machine B at a cost of $1.5 million
today. Machine B will produce after-tax cash flows of $400,000 a year
for ten years, and after ten years it will have an after-tax salvage
value of $100,000. Assume that the cost of capital is 12 percent. If
the company chooses the machine which adds the most value to the firm,
by how much will the company's value increase?

a. $347,802.00
b. $451,775.21
c. $633,481.19
d. $792,286.54
e. $811,357.66

Replacement Chain Answer: d Diff: M

106. King Racing Company (KRC) is considering which of two mutually
exclusive engine development projects to pursue. King's RPX design has
an expected life of 4 years and projected cash inflows are $3.6 million
at the end of each of the first two years and $1.8 million in each of
the next two years. King's RPB design is more flexible and has an
eight-year life. The projected end-of-year flows from the RPB design
are $2.4 million in each of the first two years and $2.0 million in
each of the next six years. Both projects require an initial
investment of $5.4 million, and King's cost of capital is 12 percent.
Frequent changes in racing rules and engine technology make engine
development risky, but King feels that the basic designs can be refined
and modified. Thus, King often assumes that continuous replacements
can be made as a project's life ends. What is the net present value
(on an eight-year extended basis) of the project with the most value to
the company?

a. $ 3.109 million
b. $ 1.976 million
c. $ 5.085 million
d. $ 5.211 million
e. $ 6.218 million

Chapter 12 - Page 34
Replacement Chain Answer: c Diff: M
107. Mills Corp. is considering adopting one of two machines. Machine A
requires an up-front expenditure at t = 0 of $450,000. Machine A has
an expected life of two years, and will generate positive after-tax
cash flows of $350,000 per year (all cash flows are realized at the end
of the year). At the end of two years, the machine will have zero
salvage value. Every two years the company can purchase a replacement
machine with identical cash flows.

Alternatively, Machine B requires an expenditure of $1 million at t =

0. Machine B has an expected life of four years, and will generate
positive after-tax cash flows of $350,000 per year (all cash flows are
realized at year end). At the end of four years, Machine B will have an
after-tax salvage value of $100,000.

The cost of capital is 10 percent. What is the net present value (on
an extended four-year life) of the better machine?

a. $157,438
b. $177,754
c. $287,552
d. $355,508
e. $500,000

Tough:
NPV Answer: c Diff: T
108. Returns on the market and Company Y's stock during the last 3 years are
shown below:

Year Market Company Y

2004 -24% -22%
2005 10 13
2006 22 36

The risk-free rate is 5 percent, and the required return on the market
is 11 percent. You are considering a low-risk project whose market
beta is 0.5 less than the company's overall corporate beta. You
finance only with equity, all of which comes from retained earnings.
The project has a cost of $500 million, and it is expected to provide
cash flows of $100 million per year at the end of Years 1 through 5 and
then $50 million per year at the end of Years 6 through 10. What is
the project's NPV (in millions of dollars)?

a. $ 7.10
b. $ 9.26
c. $10.42
d. $12.10
e. $15.75

Chapter 12 - Page 35
NPV profiles Answer: b Diff: T
109. As the director of capital budgeting for Raleigh/Durham Company, you
are evaluating two mutually exclusive projects with the following net
cash flows:

Project X Project Z
Year Cash Flow Cash Flow
0 -$100 -$100
1 50 10
2 40 30
3 30 40
4 10 60

Is there a crossover point in the relevant part of the NPV profile

graph (the northeast, or upper right, quadrant)?

a. No.
b. Yes, at r ≈ 7%.
c. Yes, at r ≈ 9%.
d. Yes, at r ≈ 11%.
e. Yes, at r ≈ 13%.

MIRR and NPV Answer: c Diff: T

110. Your company is considering two mutually exclusive projects, X and Y,
whose costs and cash flows are shown below:

Project X Project Y
Year Cash Flow Cash Flow
0 -$2,000 -$2,000
1 200 2,000
2 600 200
3 800 100
4 1,400 75

The projects are equally risky, and the firm's cost of capital is 12
percent. You must make a recommendation, and you must base it on the
modified IRR (MIRR). What is the MIRR of the better project?

a. 12.00%
b. 11.46%
c. 13.59%
d. 12.89%
e. 15.73%

Chapter 12 - Page 36
Modified IRR Answer: e Diff: T
111. Mooradian Corporation estimates that its cost of capital is 11 percent.
The company is considering two mutually exclusive projects whose after-
tax cash flows are as follows:

Project S Project L
Year Cash Flow Cash Flow
0 -$3,000 -$9,000
1 2,500 -1,000
2 1,500 5,000
3 1,500 5,000
4 -500 5,000

What is the modified internal rate of return (MIRR) of the project with
the highest NPV?

a. 11.89%
b. 13.66%
c. 16.01%
d. 18.25%
e. 20.12%

Modified IRR Answer: d Diff: T

112. A company is considering a project with the following cash flows:

Year Cash flow

0 -$100,000
1 50,000
2 50,000
3 50,000
4 -10,000

The project’s cost of capital is estimated to be 10 percent. What is

the modified internal rate of return (MIRR)?

a. 11.25%
b. 11.56%
c. 13.28%
d. 14.25%
e. 20.34%

Chapter 12 - Page 37
Modified IRR Answer: d Diff: T
113. Javier Corporation is considering a project with the following cash
flows:

Year Cash Flow

0 -$13,000
1 12,000
2 8,000
3 7,000
4 -1,500

The firm’s cost of capital is 11 percent. What is the project’s

modified internal rate of return (MIRR)?

a. 16.82%
b. 21.68%
c. 23.78%
d. 24.90%
e. 25.93%

Modified IRR Answer: e Diff: T

114. Taylor Technologies has a target capital structure which is 40 percent
debt and 60 percent equity. The equity will be financed with retained
earnings. The company’s bonds have a yield to maturity of 10 percent.
The company’s stock has a beta = 1.1. The risk-free rate is 6 percent,
the market risk premium is 5 percent, and the tax rate is 30 percent.
The company is considering a project with the following cash flows:

Project A
Year Cash Flow
0 -$50,000
1 35,000
2 43,000
3 60,000
4 -40,000

What is the project’s modified internal rate of return (MIRR)?

a. 6.76%
b. 9.26%
c. 10.78%
d. 16.14%
e. 20.52%

Chapter 12 - Page 38
Modified IRR Answer: c Diff: T
115. Conrad Corp. has an investment project with the following cash flows:

Project
Year Cash Flow
0 -$1,000
1 200
2 -300
3 900
4 -700
5 600

The company’s WACC is 12 percent. What is the project’s modified

internal rate of return (MIRR)?

a. 2.63%
b. 3.20%
c. 3.95%
d. 5.68%
e. 6.83%

Modified IRR Answer: b Diff: T

116. Simmons Shoes is considering a project with the following cash flows:

Project
Year Cash Flow
0 -$700
1 400
2 -200
3 600
4 500

Simmons’ WACC is 10 percent. What is the project’s modified internal

rate of return (MIRR)?

a. 17.10%
b. 18.26%
c. 25.28%
d. 28.93%
e. 29.52%

Chapter 12 - Page 39
PV of cash flows Answer: c Diff: T
117. After getting her degree in marketing and working for 5 years for a
large department store, Sally started her own specialty shop in a
regional mall. Sally's current lease calls for payments of $1,000 at
the end of each month for the next 60 months. Now the landlord offers
Sally a new 5-year lease which calls for zero rent for 6 months, then
rental payments of $1,050 at the end of each month for the next 54
months. Sally's cost of capital is 11 percent. By what absolute
dollar amount would accepting the new lease change Sally's theoretical
net worth? (Hint: The cost of capital per month is 11%/12 =
0.9166667%.)

a. $2,810.09
b. $3,243.24
c. $3,803.06
d. $4,299.87
e. $4,681.76

Chapter 12 - Page 40