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    Upsr Science 2010

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    v_prabu83
    This document discusses key concepts for writing up experiments for the UPSR Science exam: 1. The aim of an investigation is either stated explicitly in the question or can be formulated as "To investigate the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding variable." 2. Variables are classified as manipulated (what is changed), responding (what is observed to change in response), and constant (what is kept the same). 3. For UPSR, the hypothesis should simply state the expected relationship between the manipulated and responding variables, and the conclusion should confirm or deny this relationship based on results.

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    Upsr Science 2010

    Uploaded by

    v_prabu83
    823 views2 pages
    This document discusses key concepts for writing up experiments for the UPSR Science exam: 1. The aim of an investigation is either stated explicitly in the question or can be formulated as "To investigate the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding variable." 2. Variables are classified as manipulated (what is changed), responding (what is observed to change in response), and constant (what is kept the same). 3. For UPSR, the hypothesis should simply state the expected relationship between the manipulated and responding variables, and the conclusion should confirm or deny this relationship based on results.

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    This document discusses key concepts for writing up experiments for the UPSR Science exam: 1. The aim of an investigation is either stated explicitly in the question or can be formulated as "To investigate the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding variable." 2. Variables are classified as manipulated (what is changed), responding (what is observed to change in response), and constant (what is kept the same). 3. For UPSR, the hypothesis should simply state the expected relationship between the manipulated and responding variables, and the conclusion should confirm or deny this relationship based on results.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    823 views2 pages

    Upsr Science 2010

    Uploaded by

    v_prabu83
    This document discusses key concepts for writing up experiments for the UPSR Science exam: 1. The aim of an investigation is either stated explicitly in the question or can be formulated as "To investigate the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding variable." 2. Variables are classified as manipulated (what is changed), responding (what is observed to change in response), and constant (what is kept the same). 3. For UPSR, the hypothesis should simply state the expected relationship between the manipulated and responding variables, and the conclusion should confirm or deny this relationship based on results.

    Copyright:

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    UPSR SCIENCE 2010

    Aim of investigation

    (a) Most of the time the aim of investigation is given in the question itself. For
    example:

    - An investigation was carried out to find the time taken for ice cubes of
    different masses to melt.

    For the above question, the aim of investigation is already given in the
    question itself. Why was the investigation carried out? to investigate the time
    taken for ice cubes of different masses to melt (Aim of investigation)

    (b) Sometimes, the question would not state the aim of investigation. In such
    situation the formula below would help:

    To investigate the relationship between (state the manipulated variable) and


    the (state the reaponding variable

    Variable

    There are three type of variable;

    (a) Manipulated variable : What is changed

    (b) Responding variable : What is observed, note that when the manipulated
    variable is changed, the responding variable changes by itself. It responds to
    the manipulated variable.

    (c) Constant/fixed variable : What is kept the same.

    Hypothesis and conclusion

    As far as upsr is concerned, the hypothesis and conclusion is the same.


    Hypothesis is a theory that is tested with an experiment. If the theory is proven
    right, the conclusion would be the hypothesis (hypothesis is proven right).if the
    conclusion does not follow the hypothesis, then the hypothesis is wrong. Another
    hypothesis must be formed and tested with an experiment. So, hypothesis is
    actually a smart guess. It can be a right statement or a wrong statement.
    However as far as upsr is concerned, you are trained to write the right
    hypothesis .Therefore:

    HYPOTHESIS = CONCLUSION

    How to form hypothesis/conclusion?


    You have to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the
    responding variable. For example, use words like increase, decrease, higher,
    lower, bigger, smaller, etc. For example. If the experiment is to investigate the
    relationship between surface area and rate of evaporation.

    Manipulated variable : surface area

    Responding variable : rate of evaporation

    Therefore hypothesis/conclusion : Bigger the surface area, higher the rate of


    evaporation.

    Inference

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