Acceptance Sampling

System
by
Attributes
 Topic Outcome:
At the end of this topic, students will be able to:
 Use sampling system for lot-by-lot
sampling (ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 1993 & Dodge-
Romig sampling Tables)
 Use sampling system for isolated lot sampling
(ANSI/ASQ Standard Q3 – 1998)
 Topic Outline:
• Lot-by-lot Acceptance Sampling Plans:
1)AQL Sampling Plans (ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 1993)
- An Introduction.
- Inspection Level
- Types of Sampling Plans.
- Switching Procedures
- AOQL factors
- LQ
- ASN
2) Dodge-Romig Sampling Tables
 Topic Outline:

3) Chain Sampling Inspection Plan

(ChSP-1)
4)Sequential Sampling Plan
5) Skip-lot Sampling Plan
6) ANSI/ASQ SI - 1996
• Isolated lot Acceptance Sampling Plan
1) ANSI/ASQ Standard Q3 - 1998
 Refresh:
• Sampling plan, scheme, & system
Lot-by-lot Acceptance
Sampling Plans
AQL Sampling Plans – ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 – 1993
LQ Sampling Plans Dodge-Romig
AOQL Sampling Plans Sampling Tables
ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 – 1993
 An Introduction
 ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 – 1993
 ASQ = American Society for Quality
 A sampling plan for lot-by-lot inspection by attributes for
use by US government & industries
1942 (@Bell Telephone Lab) – JAN-STD-105
Since that time, there have been 5 revisions (MIL-
STD-105E).
1973 – adopted by ISO (International Organization for
Standardization) and designated International Standard
ISO/DIS-2859.
1993 – modifications were made by ASQ under
designation ANSI/ASQ Z1.4  all tables and
procedures remain unchanged, but with 3 basic
changes:
 ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 – 1993

1) Nonconformity (tak kesesuaian) and

nonconforming (tak sesuai) unit are substituted for
the words defect (cacat) and defective (kecacatan).

2) The switching rule that used a limit number for

one of the reduced inspection criteria is an option.

3) Additional tables for AOQL,LQ,ASN,and OC

curves are added. These tables reflect scheme
performance, which is the combination of switching
among normal, tightened, and reduced sampling
plans.
 The most widely used acceptance sampling plan in
the world.
 Quality Index is AQL.

 In Malaysia  Malaysian Standard, MS 567: Part 1

& 2 – 1978.
 Inspection Level

 Inspection level determines

relationship between lot size (N) and
sample size (n).
 The levels of inspection offered are (Table 1: Sample size
code letters (abjad)):
Level II – Normal Level, designated as N.

Level III – Tightened Level (tahap diperketat), designated as T.

Greater discrimination is required. Introduced when

there is deterioration of process capability.

Level I – Reduced Level (tahap dipermudah), designated as R.

Less discrimination is required. Introduced when there

is an improvement of process capability or no rejected
lots for a specified period.
 4 additional special levels are given in the same table:
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
 May be used where relatively small sample sizes are
necessary and large sampling risks can be tolerated.
 Types of Sampling Plans

 This Standard offers:

Single Sampling Plans
Double Sampling Plans
Multiple Sampling Plans
 Single Sampling Plans
Only a number of sample is taken per plan.
 Double Sampling Plans
An initial sample is taken.
Based on the information, a decision is made to
A) Accept the lot,
B) Reject the lot, or
C) Take a second sample.
If the 2nd sample is taken, the information from 1st
and 2nd is combined to reach a decision to accept or
reject the lot.
 Multiple Sampling Plans
This is an extension of the double sampling
concept.
More than 2 samples are drawn to reach a
decision either to reject or accept the lot.
 Summary of Advantages & Disadvantages of
Various Types of Sampling Plans

SINGLE DOUBLE MULTIPLE

Acceptability to One chance to Better chance to

Indecisive
Producer pass pass
10% to 50% 30% less than
Number to be
Greatest less than Single Double
Inspected
Sampling Plans Sampling Plans

Cost Lowest Fair Greatest

Information Most Less Least

Simplicity Easiest Hard Hardest

Estimation of
Good Fair Fair
Quality
 How to use this Standard for Single Sampling
Plans?
 The steps are:
1) Decide on AQL.
2) Decide on the inspection level.
3) Decide on the type sampling plan to be used 
SINGLE
4) Decide whether normal, tightened, or reduced
inspection is to be used.
5) Determine Lot size (N).
6) Use Table 1 to find the sample size code letter.
7) Use the appropriate table to obtain the plan (Table
II.A to II.C).
8) Look at OC curve.
Q&A

1) Determine a single sampling plan if AQL = 1.0%, the

inspection level is II and the Lot size is 2500.

Table 1- Sample size code letter  K

Table II.A – Single sampling plans for normal inspection
(Master table)  n=125, Ac=3, Re=4.
Q&A

2) Determine a single sampling plan if AQL = 0.4%, the

inspection level is I and the Lot size is 230.

3) Determine a single sampling plan if AQL = 0.015%, the

inspection level is III and the Lot size is 120.

4) Determine a single sampling plan if AQL = 0.65%, the

inspection level is II and the Lot size is 6000.

5) Determine a single sampling plan if AQL = 0.4%, the

inspection level is II and the Lot size is 250.
 Switching Procedures

 This standard has provision for switching of sampling

plan to a tighter sampling plan when the supplier’s (or
producer’s) quality has deteriorated.
 It is also provides for a switch to reduced inspection
when the product quality has improved.
NORMAL to TIGHTENED
Tightened inspection is instituted where 2 out of 5
consecutive lots have been rejected on original
inspection.
TIGHTENED to NORMAL
When tightened inspection is in effect, normal
inspection shall be reinstated when 5 consecutive lots
have been accepted on original inspection.
NORMAL to REDUCED
To qualify for reduced inspection, the following
conditions must be satisfied:

10 consecutive lots have been accepted on

normal and original inspection.

The total number of nonconforming in the 10

samples is equal or less than the limit number.

Production is at steady state.

Reduced inspection is considered desired by

inspecting authority.
REDUCED to NORMAL
When reduced inspection is in effect,normal inspection
is reinstated when:
A lot is rejected.
Sampling terminates without either
acceptance or rejection criteria having been
met. The lot is considered acceptable but
normal inspection is reinstated.
Production becomes irregular or delayed.
Other conditions warrant that normal
inspection shall be re-instated.
 Summary of Switching Rules

• Preceding 10 lots START • 2 out of 5

Accepted with total
nonconforming less than consecutive
limit number, lots not
• Steady production, and accepted
• Approval from
responsible authority.

NORMAL TIGHTENED
REDUCED

• Lot not accepted, or • 5 consecutive

• Lot accepted but lots accepted
nonconformities found
lie between Ac and Re • 10 consecutive lots
of the plan, or
Remain on Tightened
• Irregular production, or
• Other conditions
warrant.
• Discontinue
inspection
 How to use this Standard for Double Sampling
Plans?
 Schematic Operation of a Double Sampling.

Inspect a 1st sample of n1 pieces

If the number of nonconforming

found in the 1st sample
Does not exceed c1 Exceeds c1, but does Exceed r1
not exceed r1

Inspect a 2nd sample of n2 pieces

Accept the Lot Reject the Lot
If the number of nonconforming found in
the 1st and 2nd samples combined

Does not exceed c2 Equal or exceed r2

 The steps are:
1) Decide on AQL.
2) Decide on the inspection level.
3) Decide on the type sampling plan to be used 
DOUBLE
4) Decide whether normal, tightened, or reduced
inspection is to be used.
5) Determine Lot size (N).
6) Use Table 1 to find the sample size code letter.
7) Use the appropriate table to obtain the plan (Table
III.A to III.C).
8) Look at OC curve.
 Q&A

1) Determine a double sampling plan if AQL = 1.0%, the

inspection level is II and the Lot size is 2500.

Table 1- Sample size code letter  K

Table III.A – Double sampling plans for normal inspection
(Master table)  n1=80, cumulative sample size=80
 n2=80, cumulative sample size=160

AQL=1.0%

Ac Re

First 1 4
Second 4 5
Q&A

2) Determine a double sampling plan if AQL = 0.4%, the

inspection level is I and the Lot size is 230.

3) Determine a double sampling plan if AQL = 0.015%,

the inspection level is III and the Lot size is 120.

4) Determine a double sampling plan if AQL = 0.65%, the

inspection level is II and the Lot size is 6000.

5) Determine a double sampling plan if AQL = 0.4%, the

inspection level is II and the Lot size is 250.
 How to use this Standard for Multiple Sampling
Plans?

 Schematic Operation of a Multiple Sampling.

 Inspect a 1st sample of n1 pieces

If the number of nonconforming

found in the 1st sample
Does not exceed c1 Exceeds c1, but does not Exceed r1
equal or exceed r1

Inspect a 2nd sample of n2 pieces Do not

Accept the Lot Accept
If the total number of nonconforming the Lot*
found in the 1st and 2nd samples
combined
Does not Equal or
exceed c2 Exceeds c2, but does not exceed r2
equal or exceed r2
 Inspect a 3rd sample of n3 pieces

If the total number of nonconforming

found in the first three samples
combined
Does not Equal or
Exceeds c3, but does not
exceed c3 exceed r3
equal or exceed r3

Accept the Lot Do not Accept the Lot*

Etc.

* Some of these plans continue to the ‘bitter end’, i.e., the taking of
samples continues if necessary until the lot is fully inspected, unless
the plan has meanwhile ‘made up its mind’.
 The steps are:
1) Decide on AQL.
2) Decide on the inspection level.
3) Decide on the type sampling plan to be used 
MULTIPLE
4) Decide whether normal, tightened, or reduced
inspection is to be used.
5) Determine Lot size (N).
6) Use Table 1 to find the sample size code letter.
7) Use the appropriate table to obtain the plan (Table
IV.A to IV.C).
8) Look at OC curve.
Q&A

1) Determine a multiple sampling plan if AQL = 1.0%, the

inspection level is II and the Lot size is 2500.
Table 1- Sample size code letter  K
Table IV.A – Multiple sampling plans for normal
inspection (Master table)
sample Sample size Cumulative AQL=1.0%
sample size
Ac Re

First 32 32 # 3
Second 32 64 0 3
Third 32 128 1 4
Fourth 32 160 2 5

# acceptance not permitted at this sample size.

Q&A

2) Determine a multiple sampling plan if AQL = 0.4%, the

inspection level is I and the Lot size is 230.

3) Determine a multiple sampling plan if AQL = 0.015%,

the inspection level is III and the Lot size is 120.

4) Determine a multiple sampling plan if AQL = 0.65%, the

inspection level is II and the Lot size is 6000.

5) Determine a multiple sampling plan if AQL = 0.4%, the

inspection level is II and the Lot size is 250.
 Average outgoing quality limit factors
 Tables V-A and V-B.

Limiting Quality (LQ)

 Tables VI-A and VI-B. (for consumer’s risk of 0.10)
 Tables VII-A and VII-B (for consumer’s risk of 0.05)
 A sampling plan for isolated lots can be obtained that will
come close to both the producers’ and consumers’ criteria.
 It is much easier to use ANSI/ASQ standard Q3 – 1988.
 Table VIII. (for reduced inspection)
 Average Sample Number(ASN)
 Table IX – Average sample size curves for double and
multiple sampling.
 Assumption: no curtailment of inspection and are
approximate to Poisson distribution, and the sample size
for double and multiple sampling are assumed to be 0.631n
and 0.25n.
 Arrow indicates the location of the AQL.
Dodge-Romig Tables
 An Introduction
 4 sets of attributes plans emphasizing either lot-by-lot
quality (LQ) or long-run quality (AOQL)
LQ (or LTPD)
Single sampling
Double sampling
AOQL
Single sampling
Double sampling
 1st Classification:
LQ (Mutu terhad)
Sampling Plans
[Lot Tolerance Percent
Defective (LTPD)
(Peratus kecacatan
toleran lot) Sampling
Plans]
 An Introduction
 LQ (or LTPD) is the level of quality that is unsatisfactory
and therefore should be rejected by the sampling plan.
 A consumer’s risk of 0.1 is common and LQ is defined as
the lot quality for which the probability of acceptance is 0.1,
that is, only 10% of these lots are accepted.
 Consumer’s risk of 10% calculated for n=80 and c=0 does
not mean that the consumer has 10% chance of receiving
poor product.
 The meaning of the consumer’s risk is that such product has
10% of being accepted if actually submitted to inspection.
 These tables are based on LQ and AOQL concepts.
 For each of these concepts there are tables for single and
double sampling.
 No provision is made for multiple sampling.
 What is the main advantages of the Dodge-Romig tables?
 Minimum amount of inspection for a given inspection procedure
 desirable for in-house inspection.
 Let us consider the following OC curves.
A n=165, c=1
OC Curve
B  n=100, c=0
100

 Both of these OC curves 90

Percent of Lots Accepted (100Pa )

have a low probability of A
80
acceptance for product 70 B
2% nonconforming.
60
 These plans are fairly
50
similar at the tail (the
40
product would be rejected)
but are not necessary 30

similar at the shoulder (the 20

product would be 10

accepted). 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Percent Nonconforming (100p 0)
 Plans classified on this basis are called LQ (or LTPD)
plans because their point of similarity is the quality level or
percent of nonconforming which can just be tolerated in a
small percentage of the product.
 LQ is defined as “ an allowable percentage nonconforming”
 a number which may be considered as the borderline of
distinction between a satisfactory lot and in unsatisfactory
one.
 To engineers, this means the percent nonconforming
which will regularly be rejected by inspection, that is, the
percentage nonconforming for which the probability of
acceptance is very low.
 When an engineer chooses a “2% LQ Sampling Plan”,
he/she is choosing a plan which would regularly reject 2%
nonconforming product. The fact that the plan is classified
as “2% LQ” does not tell the characteristic of the remainder
of the OC curve that is what quality of product will regularly
be accepted.
 Customers sometime specify a certain value of LQ for a
particular product. In such case, the manufacturer of the
product will try to select a sampling plan which has a low
probability of acceptance at the specified LQ.
 Sampling Plans on this basis have been published by
Dodge and Romig (1920s). These tables provide a useful
classification of sampling plans wherever we wish to make
sure that product of a particular quality will have a low
probability of acceptance.
 How to use the table?
 Determine the usual lot size.
 Determine the process average (percent nonconforming at
which the products runs).
 Determine sample size, n
 Under the applicable process average, determine the
number c.

Q&A
N=1500, process average=0.25%, required single
sampling plan for LQ=1.0%

n=490, c=2, AQOL=0.21%

 Analysis of the table.
 As the lot size increases, the relative sample size
decreases  Inspection costs are more economical
with large lot size.
 The tables extend until the process average is one-
half of the LQ. Additional process average is
unnecessary, since 100% inspection becomes more
economical than sampling inspection.
 As the process average increases, a corresponding
increase occurs in the amount inspected. Therefore,
an improvement in the process average results in
fewer inspections and a lower sampling inspection
cost.
 2 Classification:
nd

AOQL (Mutu purata

terhad pengeluaran)
Sampling Plans
 AOQL is a value which can be calculated for any sampling
plan.
 It is a ‘limiting value of percent nonconforming’ which
becomes associated with the sampling plan as soon as we
make provision for doing 100% inspection on all lots
rejected by the plan.
 In any case, where 100% inspection cannot or will not
be done on all rejected lots, do not attempt to select a
sampling plan on the basis of its AOQL.
 AOQL concept is applicable to inspection of lots in a
convenient sub-division of a flow of product for material-
handling purposes (non-homogeneous).
 [when the lot quantity is specified (as is the case with
customer lots (homogeneous))  LQ concept].
 AOQL plans limit the amount of poor outgoing quality on an
average basis but give no assurance on individual lots.
 The meaning of the term AOQL can be illustrated as
follows:
OC Curve

100
• Consider a sampling
90
plan for n=18, c=0.

Percent of Lots Accepted (100Pa )

80
• When product is 2% 70
nonconforming, this plan 60
will accept 50
approximately 70% of it. 40

• When product is 8% 30

nonconforming, this plan 20

will accept approx. 25% 10

…etc. 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Percent Nonconforming (100p 0)
 Suppose we make the following rules:
 All rejected lots by this sampling plan must be 100%
inspected.
 All nonconforming unit found by this inspection must
be replaced with good units, and
 The rejected lots which have had all nonconforming
removed must then be considered together with the
accepted lots in such a way as to make one total
quality of product.
 It is possible to calculate the percentage of nonconforming
which will be left in the mass of product if this procedure is
followed.
 AOQ Curve  This curve shows that
when the incoming
2.5
Average Outgoing Quality-%

product is 10%
2.0 AOQL~2% nonconforming, the
outgoing product will
1.5 be only 1.6%
nonconforming;
1.0
provided the
0.5 requirements of the
sampling plan,
0.0 including 100%
0 5 10 15
Percent Nonconforming
inspection for
rejected products,
have been faithfully
carried out.
 Note that the AOQ curve rises until it reaches a certain
maximum point, after which it falls off again as a result of
more and more product being “100% inspected”.
 The AOQL is the maximum point which is reached by the
AOQ curve.
 The AOQL of a sampling plan is therefore defined as
follows: This limit is the worst average quality that can
exist, in the long run, in the outgoing product, after the
rejected lots have been 100% inspected and all the
nonconformities have been replaced by good units.
 How to calculate AOQL?
 Three ways:
1) From a series of AOQ values, a graph is plotted and
AOQL is determined from the maximum point of the
graph.
2) From Table V-A and V-B (MS 567)
3) From an equation.

y y
AOQL  
n N

where y is a factor depending on the acceptance

number, c, of the sampling plan.
Table for values of “y” to be used in AOQL calculation

c 0 1 2
y 0.368 0.841 1.372
c 3 4 5
y 1.946 2.544 3.172
c 6 7 8
y 3.810 4.465 5.150
c 9 10 11
y 5.836 6.535 7.234

This table can be used wherever Poisson distribution is employed.

 Q&A

N=2000, n=18, c=0. Calculate AOQL.

y=0.368

AOQL=(0.368/18)-(0.368/2000) = 0.204-0.0002 = 0.0202

or 2.02%

This agrees with the AOQ curve in the earlier figure.

 Plan n c AOQL
A 165 1 0.47%
B 35 2 3.86%
C 18 0 2.02%
D 5 0 7.34%
E 220 7 1.81%
F 100 4 2.41%
G 100 0 0.35%
H 25 1 3.32%

• Suppose we wish to group together plans having similar

AOQL’s.
• From the above list, we would group together Plans C and
E, since both have AOQL’s of approx. 2%.
 OC Curve
• These plans are not alike at
the shoulder. Neither are 100

they alike at the tail. 90

Percent of Lots Accepted (100Pa )

80
• The only similarity is that, 70

when they are used with 60

100% inspection of all the 50 Plan C

rejected lots, the outgoing 40

product will not, on the 30

Plan E
average, be worse than 2%. 20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Percent Nonconforming (100p 0)
 When an engineer chooses a “2% AOQL sampling plan”,
he/she is choosing a plan which will limit the outgoing
product, in the long run, to a 2% average or less.
 The outgoing quality may be, and frequently is, limited to
some point much lower than the stated AOQL.
 For example, the above curve is shown that if the
submitted product were 20% nonconforming, this particular
plan would force the shop to do sufficient screening to cut it
down (theoretically) to 0.5%. The plan imposes, under
these circumstances, a much tighter standard of quality
than the stated 2%.
 The fact that a sampling plan is classified as “2% AOQL”
does not tell the engineer anything about any part of the
OC curve.
 He/she is not able to tell what quality of product will be
regularly accepted, or rejected. (same as LQ and AQL)
 When an AOQL is specified for a particular product, we try
to select a sampling plan whose AOQL is equal to the
specified value.
 To make it easier to select plans on this basis, Dodge and
Romig have developed tables of sampling plans classified
according to their AOQLs. The values of AOQL range from
0.1% to 10% nonconforming.
 The plans in these tables are arranged in such a way that,
if the engineer selects a plan under the correct “process
average”, he/she will minimize the total number of pieces
which must be looked at, including both sampling and
100% inspection.
 LQ values also included as supplementary information.
 These tables are useful wherever we are interested in
setting a fixed maximum limit on outgoing quality and are
willing to achieve this by a combination of sampling and
100% inspection.
 Table 10-9
 Precautions to be taken in using AOQL
Sampling Plan
 Since this plans involve a combination of sampling and
100% inspection, they are often subjected to
misinterpretation and misuse.
 Engineers should guard against the following errors:
 (1) We sometime hear of “AOQL sampling plans”
being used in connection with destructive test or in
Receiving Inspection where the rejected lots are
junked, returned to the supplier or accepted on an
outside limit basis, but where there is no intention
whatever of doing 100% inspection on the lots which
fail to meet the acceptance number of the plans.
[IMPORTANT: Unless 100% inspection is done, we
will not get the protection promised by an AOQL
sampling plan]
 (2) If the product contains nonconforming to begin
with, an AOQL sampling plan will depend on the
presence of the rejected lots, which have been
made prefect by screening, to dilute the percentage
of the nonconformities which may still be present in
the lots accepted.
 What the Operating organization should know
about AOQL Sampling Plans?
 Operating people often assume that a “2% AOQL
sampling Plan” will accept product which is 2%
nonconforming.
 That is, if inspection is using a 2% AOQL plan, and if
Operating submits product which is actually 2%
nonconforming, they feel that all or most of the submitted
product should pass the inspection plan.
 Engineers also frequently make this assumption in
discussing suitable quality levels for sampling or in
agreeing to the use of some specific proposed plan.
 However, unless the AOQL sampling plan is deliberately
chosen with this in mind, a 2% plan may reject large
portions of 2% nonconforming product.
 The following example will show why it is necessary to
restrict the choice of plan.
 Suppose a sampling plan were to be chose solely for its
AOQL. The following plans will have an AOQL of 2% when
used for lots of approx. 1000.
(a) n=18, c=0
(b) n=40,c=1
(c) n=65,c=2
(d) n=90,c=3
 While all of these plans have a 2% AOQL, they will reject
very different amounts of 2% nonconforming product.
 Approximate Percentage of
Product Rejected
2% AOQL Sampling Plan
(if product is running at 2%
nonconforming)

(a) n=18, c=0 30%

(b) n=40, c=1 19%

(c) n=65, c=2 14%

(d) n=90, c=3 11%

 In all cases, rejection is high.

 If the Operating department wishes to avoid these
rejections, it will have to maintain a quality level
considerably better than 2%.
 How good is the product to avoid rejection:
 (1) Plot the OC curve of the sampling plan in question.
 (2) Find the point where the curve drops away from the
1.00 probability of acceptance (Pa).
 (3) The corresponding percent nonconforming is the point
at which Operating must aim if it wishes to have its product
accepted regularly by Inspection.
 The following are the points at which Operating should
aim.
 Necessary Level of Quality to
assure regular acceptance
2% AOQL Sampling Plan (“regular acceptance” means
acceptance about 98% of the
time)

(a) n=18, c=0 0.1% nonconforming

(b) n=40, c=1 0.5% nonconforming

(c) n=65, c=2 0.9% nonconforming

(d) n=90, c=3 1.1% nonconforming

 Summary
 Characteristics of a Good Acceptance Plan
1) The index (AQL, LQ, AOQL) used to define “quality”
should reflect the needs of the consumer and producer
and not chosen primarily for statistical convenience.
2) The sampling risks should be known in quantitative term
(OC curve). The producer should have adequate
protection against the rejection of good lots; the
consumer should be protected against the acceptance of
bad lots.
3) The plan should minimize the total cost of inspection or
all products. This requires careful evaluation of the pros
and cons of attributes and variables plans, and single,
double, and multiple samplings.
4) The plan should have built-in flexibility to reflect changes in
lot sizes, quality of product submitted, and any other pertinent
factors.
5) The measurements required by the plan should provide
information useful in estimating individual lot quality and
long-run quality.
ANSI/ASQ Standard Q3 - 1988
 ANSI/ASQ Standard Q3 - 1988
 It is used for inspection of isolated lots by attributes.
 It complements ANSI/ASQ Z1.4-1993 (for continuous
stream of lots).
 Indexes tables by Limiting Quality (LQ).
 1st scheme:
It is designated to be used for lots that are isolated or
mixed or that have an unknown history as far as both
vendor and vendee know.
Lot size and LQ value must be known.
Table 10-6
 Q & A:
Q: Lot size = 295, LQ=3.15%, determine the sampling
plan.
A: n=80, Ac=0
 2nd scheme:

When a vendor is producing a continuous stream of lots

and sends one or a few to a customer who will consider
them as isolated lots (purchasing of small qualities of
a raw material).
material
Example of Table for LQ=3.15%

Table 10-7
The last 5 columns can be used to plot the OC curves.
 Q & A:
Q: Lot size = 295, inspection level II, LQ=3.15%, where
the isolated lot is from a vendor with a continuous
stream of product, determine the sampling plan.
A: n=125, Ac=1
End