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Discrete Probability Example: Yields An Outcome

This document discusses discrete probability. It provides examples of experiments, events, and calculating probabilities. Specifically, it defines an experiment as a process that yields an outcome and an event as an outcome or combination of outcomes from an experiment. It then gives four examples of calculating probabilities of specific events occurring from experiments involving dice rolls, selecting microprocessors from a lot, choosing balls from a bucket, and selecting balls from a box.

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Sia Ping Chong
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58 views

Discrete Probability Example: Yields An Outcome

This document discusses discrete probability. It provides examples of experiments, events, and calculating probabilities. Specifically, it defines an experiment as a process that yields an outcome and an event as an outcome or combination of outcomes from an experiment. It then gives four examples of calculating probabilities of specific events occurring from experiments involving dice rolls, selecting microprocessors from a lot, choosing balls from a bucket, and selecting balls from a box.

Uploaded by

Sia Ping Chong
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Discrete Probability

Example

A six-sided fair die whose sides are labeled 1,2,3,4,5,6 is rolled.

How many ways an arbitrary number can appear? (six: 1,2,3,4,5,6)

How many ways an even number can appear? (three: 2,4,6)

The probability of getting an even number is 3/6 =1/2

1) Experiment

An experiment is a process that yields an outcome.

Example

Randomly selecting 5 microprocessors from a lot of 1000


microprocessors.

Selecting a newborn child at Sultanah Aminah Hospital.

Rolling a six-sided die

2) Event

An event is an outcome or combination of outcomes from an experiment.

Example

Obtaining a 4 when rolling a six-sided die.

Finding no defective microprocessors out of five randomly chosen from a


lot of 1000.

Selecting a newborn female child at Sultanah Aminah Hospital.


Example 1

3 fair dice are rollled.

What is the probability that the sum of the numbers on the dice is 4 or 17?

The size of sample space is,

6x6x6 = 216

3 possible ways to obtain the sum of 4,

(1,1,2), (1,2,1), (2,1,1)

The probability is, 3 1


=
216 72

Example 2

5 microprocessors are randomly selected from a lot of 1000


microprocessors among which 20 are defective.

Find the probability of obtaining no defective microprocessors.

There are C(1000,5) ways to select 5 microprocessors among 1000.

There are C(980,5) ways to select 5 good microprocessors since there are
1000-20=980 good microprocessors .

The probability is,


980∁ 5
=
1000∁ 5

C (980,5)
 0.903735781
C (1000,5)
Example 3

There are exactly 3 red balls in a bucket of 15 balls. If we choose 4 balls


at random, what is the probability that we do not choose a red ball?

There are C(15,4) ways to select 4 balls among 15.

If we do not choose a red ball, there are C(12,4) ways to select 4 balls
among the remaining 12 balls.

The probability is,

C (12,4) 495 33
 
C (15,4) 1365 91

Example 4

There are 5 red balls and 4 white balls in a box.

4 balls are selected at random from these balls.

Find the probability that 2 of the selected balls will be red and 2 will be
white.

The size of sample space is C(9,4)

Select 2 red balls, C(5,2) ways

Select 2 white balls, C(4,2) ways

The probability is,

C (5,2).C (4,2) (10)(6) 10


 
C (9,4) 126 21

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