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    1.2 Synthesising The Concept of Circulatory System

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    Juliet Ling
    The document compares and contrasts the circulatory systems of humans, fish, and amphibians. Fish have a three-chambered heart with mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Amphibians also have a three-chambered heart but less mixing of blood types. Humans have a four-chambered heart that completely separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to maximize efficiency. All three systems function in a double circulation with blood passing through the heart twice.

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    1.2 Synthesising The Concept of Circulatory System

    Uploaded by

    Juliet Ling
    125 views16 pages
    The document compares and contrasts the circulatory systems of humans, fish, and amphibians. Fish have a three-chambered heart with mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Amphibians also have a three-chambered heart but less mixing of blood types. Humans have a four-chambered heart that completely separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to maximize efficiency. All three systems function in a double circulation with blood passing through the heart twice.

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    Chapter 1.2b

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    The document compares and contrasts the circulatory systems of humans, fish, and amphibians. Fish have a three-chambered heart with mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Amphibians also have a three-chambered heart but less mixing of blood types. Humans have a four-chambered heart that completely separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to maximize efficiency. All three systems function in a double circulation with blood passing through the heart twice.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    125 views16 pages

    1.2 Synthesising The Concept of Circulatory System

    Uploaded by

    Juliet Ling
    The document compares and contrasts the circulatory systems of humans, fish, and amphibians. Fish have a three-chambered heart with mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Amphibians also have a three-chambered heart but less mixing of blood types. Humans have a four-chambered heart that completely separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to maximize efficiency. All three systems function in a double circulation with blood passing through the heart twice.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    1.

    2
    Synthesising the concept of 
    circulatory system
    a. compare and contrast the circulatory systems in 
    the following: humans, fish and amphibians
    b. conceptualise the circulatory system in humans

    Prepared by: LING MEI TENG
    The circulatory system in humans, fish and 
    amphibians
    1. Flatworm does not need a circulatory system 
    because oxygen and digested materials can 
    diffuse directly to all its body cells.
    Insects
    1. One or more hearts pump the 
    heamolymph through vessels 
    and into the haemocoel.
    2. Haemocoel contains soft 
    internal organs and is filled 
    with haemolymph.
    3. Here, chemical exhange 
    occurs between the 
    haemolymph and body cells.
    4. Haemolymph flows out from 
    the hearts into the haemocoel 
    when the hearts contract.
    5. When the hearts relax, 
    haemolymph is drawn back 
    into the hearts through pores 
    called ostia.
    Fish
    Amphibian 
    Amphibians
    1.  Three chambered heart, consisting of two atria and one ventricle.
    2. Deoxygenated blood from the body is delivered into the right atrium and 
    oxygenated blood from the lungs is delivered into the left atrium.
    3.  Blood from both atria then enters a single ventricle.
    4.  Although there is some mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood inside 
    the ventricle, most of the oxygenated blood remains in the left portion of the 
    ventricle.
    5.  The ventricle then pumps blood through the
    a)  pulmonary circulation
    – leads to the gas exchange tissues, which are the lungs and skin.
    ‐ gaseous exchange occurs.
    ‐ oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium of the heart.
    b)  systemic circulation.
    ‐ carries oxygenated blood to body tissues and then returns 
    deoxygenated blood to the right atrium via the veins.
    6.  Double circulatory system – blood flows through the heart twice.
    Human 
    Humans
    1.  Four chambered heart, two atria and two completely separated ventricles.
    2.  Deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood do not mix.
    3.  Pulmonary circulation:
    a)  Deoxygenated blood is pumped into the pulmonary arteries.
    b)  Theses arteries carry the blood to the lungs, where it passes through the 
    blood capillaries.
    c)  This enables the release of carbon dioxide and the uptake of oxygen from 
    the air.
    4.  Systemic circulation:
    a)  Blood is carried from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs.
    b)  The oxygenated blood from the lungs return to the left atrium and flows 
    into the left ventricle.
    c)  Blood is then pumped to the body tissues through the aorta.

    5. Double circulatory system – blood flows through the heart twice.
    Comparison between circulatory system in 
    fish, amphibian and human
    Activity 1
    Answer for activity 1
    Exercise 
    Answer 
    Do sample question 1
    Thank you!

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